1
|
Mensah GAK, Schaefer KG, Roberts AG, King GM, Bartlett MG. Probing the Mechanisms Underlying the Transport of the Vinca Alkaloids by P-glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1960-1974. [PMID: 38527618 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of many cancer drugs is hindered by P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a cellular pump that removes drugs from cells. To improve chemotherapy, drugs capable of evading Pgp must be developed. Despite similarities in structure, vinca alkaloids (VAs) show disparate Pgp-mediated efflux ratios. ATPase activity and binding affinity studies show at least two binding sites for the VAs: high- and low-affinity sites that stimulate and inhibit the ATPase activity rate, respectively. The affinity for ATP from the ATPase kinetics curve for vinblastine (VBL) at the high-affinity site was 2- and 9-fold higher than vinorelbine (VRL) and vincristine (VCR), respectively. Conversely, VBL had the highest Km (ATP) for the low-affinity site. The dissociation constants (KDs) determined by protein fluorescence quenching were in the order VBL < VRL< VCR. The order of the KDs was reversed at higher substrate concentrations. Acrylamide quenching of protein fluorescence indicate that the VAs, either at 10 µM or 150 µM, predominantly maintain Pgp in an open-outward conformation. When 3.2 mM AMPPNP was present, 10 µM of either VBL, VRL, or VCR cause Pgp to shift to an open-outward conformation, while 150 µM of the VAs shifted the conformation of Pgp to an intermediate orientation, between opened inward and open-outward. However, the conformational shift induced by saturating AMPPNP and VCR condition was less than either VBL or VRL in the presence of AMPPNP. At 150 µM, atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the VAs shift Pgp population to a predominantly open-inward conformation. Additionally, STDD NMR studies revealed comparable groups in VBL, VRL, and VCR are in contact with the protein during binding. Our results, when coupled with VAs-microtubule structure-activity relationship studies, could lay the foundation for developing next-generation VAs that are effective as anti-tumor agents. A model that illustrates the intricate process of Pgp-mediated transport of the VAs is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gershon A K Mensah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Katherine G Schaefer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Arthur G Roberts
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Gavin M King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Joint with Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Szigetvári Á, Szántay C. On the utility of nonuniformly sampled two-dimensional NMR spectra in the pharmaceutical industry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:264-286. [PMID: 32754953 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we discuss representative examples of the application of nonuniform sampling (NUS) in small-molecule structure determination in a pharmaceutical research and development and quality control setting. We demonstrate the advantages of NUS over traditional sampling in various industrial applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We propose an optimal trade-off between the quality and the time efficiency of 'routine' measurements, as demonstrated via a test sample of vinpocetine analyzed on a 'work horse' NMR spectrometer. In addition, we present case studies where the application of NUS contributed significantly to the successful completion of some challenging structure determination task at hand. To that end, in some cases, we combined NUS with a method of decoupling in the indirect dimension that gives 'constant time' nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and 'constant time' heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectra. NUS proved to be superior over traditional sampling even for the analysis of trace impurities, where the need to cope with a thousand-fold or even larger dynamic range and low signal-to-noise ratio for the impurity signals is quite a challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Áron Szigetvári
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hill DA, Leahy AB, Sciasci J, O’Neill SP, Reilly A, Balamuth N, Seeholzer SH, Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF. Medication contaminants as a potential cause of anaphylaxis to vincristine. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:10.1002/pbc.26761. [PMID: 28834048 PMCID: PMC5978699 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is a vinca alkaloid and common chemotherapeutic that is used to treat multiple pediatric and adult malignancies. Despite its common use, cases of anaphylaxis to VCR are rare and typically isolated to a single individual. We report a series of eight patients with adverse reactions to VCR over the course of 11 months at a single institution, four of which progressed to anaphylaxis and one of which resulted in cardiac arrest. Mass spectrometry analysis of medication lots was performed to test for possible contaminant(s). Our findings highlight the risk of anaphylaxis during therapy with VCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison Barz Leahy
- Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Sciasci
- Department of Pharmacy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean P. O’Neill
- Office of Safety and Medical Operations, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
PA, USA
| | - Anne Reilly
- Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Balamuth
- Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven H. Seeholzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Terri F. Brown-Whitehorn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vincristine-loaded liposomes prepared by ion-paring techniques: Effect of lipid, pH and antioxidant on chemical stability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 111:104-112. [PMID: 28964951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, vincristine (VCR)-loaded liposomes were designed by ion-pairing techniques and the model could be applied to investigate the effect of lipids on the degradation of vinca alkaloids, and how to weaken their influence by adjusting pH and adding antioxidants. It was found that there was a positive correlation between degree of degradation and the unsaturation extent of the phospholipids. In the phospholipid with the lowest oxidation index, only 6% of VCR was degraded in 6days at 37°C, whereas for the phospholipids with highest oxidation index, the degradation reached above 95% over the same time. At pH6.8 and 7.4, the degradation rate of VCR in the lipid membrane was significantly faster than that in aqueous solution, instead, at pH5.0. After the addition of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tocopherol, ascorbate and tocopherol with ascorbate, the residual content of VCR after 6days was 79.9%, 78.1%, 7.1%, 89.6% and 94.6% respectively. It was speculated that VCR could be oxidized by hydrated peroxyl radicals, which formed from lipid peroxidation as well as nucleophilic substitution with peroxyl radicals in the dry state. Also, the antioxidants were shown to have different eliminating capacity on the peroxyl radicals whether hydrated or not, and the phenoxyl radicals generated from fat-soluble antioxidants may be potentially destabilizing to VCR. Therefore, for these two crucial reasons, the degradation of VCR was quite different when used with a combination of water and fat-soluble antioxidants, and thus provides the best protection for VCR.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hong A, Lee HH, Heo CE, Cho Y, Kim S, Kang D, Kim HI. Distinct Fragmentation Pathways of Anticancer Drugs Induced by Charge-Carrying Cations in the Gas Phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:628-637. [PMID: 27981443 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of the pharmaceutical industry, structural elucidation of drugs and derivatives using tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) has become essential for drug development and pharmacokinetics studies because of its high sensitivity and low sample requirement. Thus, research seeking to understand fundamental relationships between fragmentation patterns and precursor ion structures in the gas phase has gained attention. In this study, we investigate the fragmentation of the widely used anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX), vinblastine (VBL), and vinorelbine (VRL), complexed by a singly charged proton or alkali metal ion (Li+, Na+, K+) in the gas phase. The drug-cation complexes exhibit distinct fragmentation patterns in tandem mass spectra as a function of cation size. The trends in fragmentation patterns are explicable in terms of structures derived from ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and theoretical calculations. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areum Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hee Lee
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Eun Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Cho
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heinze M, Brandt W, Marillonnet S, Roos W. "Self" and "non-self" in the control of phytoalexin biosynthesis: plant phospholipases A2 with alkaloid-specific molecular fingerprints. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:448-62. [PMID: 25670767 PMCID: PMC4456920 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.135343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The overproduction of specialized metabolites requires plants to manage the inherent burdens, including the risk of self-intoxication. We present a control mechanism that stops the expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes by blocking the antecedent signal transduction cascade. Cultured cells of Eschscholzia californica (Papaveraceae) and Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) overproduce benzophenanthridine alkaloids and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, respectively, in response to microbial elicitors. In both plants, an elicitor-responsive phospholipase A2 (PLA2) at the plasma membrane generates signal molecules that initiate the induction of biosynthetic enzymes. The final alkaloids produced in the respective plant inhibit the respective PLA, a negative feedback that prevents continuous overexpression. The selective inhibition by alkaloids from the class produced in the "self" plant could be transferred to leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana via recombinant expression of PLA2. The 3D homology model of each PLA2 displays a binding pocket that specifically accommodates alkaloids of the class produced by the same plant, but not of the other class; for example, C. roseus PLA2 only accommodates C. roseus alkaloids. The interaction energies of docked alkaloids correlate with their selective inhibition of PLA2 activity. The existence in two evolutionary distant plants of phospholipases A2 that discriminate "self-made" from "foreign" alkaloids reveals molecular fingerprints left in signal enzymes during the evolution of species-specific, cytotoxic phytoalexins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinze
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lab of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Metabolic Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Werner Roos
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lab of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Béni Z, Orgoványi J, Kóti J, Sánta C, Horváth J, Mahó S, Szántay C. Detection by HPLC and structural characterization by NMR and MS of a natural deuterium isotopologue of ulipristal acetate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Maggio RM, Calvo NL, Vignaduzzo SE, Kaufman TS. Pharmaceutical impurities and degradation products: uses and applications of NMR techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:102-22. [PMID: 24853620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current standards and regulations demand the pharmaceutical industry not only to produce highly pure drug substances, but to achieve a thorough understanding of the impurities accompanying their manufactured drug substances and products. These challenges have become important goals of process chemistry and have steadily stimulated the search of impurities after accelerated or forced degradation procedures. As a result, impurity profiling is one of the most attractive, active and relevant fields of modern pharmaceutical analysis. This activity includes the identification, structural elucidation and quantitative determination of impurities and degradation products in bulk drugs and their pharmaceutical formulations. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has evolved into an irreplaceable approach for pharmaceutical quality assessment, currently playing a critical role in unequivocal structure identification as well as structural confirmation (qualitative detection), enabling the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the formation of process and/or degradation impurities. NMR is able to provide qualitative information without the need of standards of the unknown compounds and multiple components can be quantified in a complex sample without previous separation. When coupled to separative techniques, the resulting hyphenated methodologies enhance the analytical power of this spectroscopy to previously unknown levels. As a result, and by enabling the implementation of rational decisions regarding the identity and level of impurities, NMR contributes to the goal of making better and safer medicines. Herein are discussed the applications of NMR spectroscopy and its hyphenated derivate techniques to the study of a wide range pharmaceutical impurities. Details on the advantages and disadvantages of the methodology and well as specific challenges with regards to the different analytical problems are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén M Maggio
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Natalia L Calvo
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Silvana E Vignaduzzo
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Teodoro S Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar A, Patil D, Rajamohanan PR, Ahmad A. Isolation, purification and characterization of vinblastine and vincristine from endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum isolated from Catharanthus roseus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71805. [PMID: 24066024 PMCID: PMC3774759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi reside in a symbiotic fashion inside their host plants, mimic their chemistry and interestingly, produce the same natural products as their hosts and are thus being screened for the production of valuable compounds like taxol, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, etc. Vinblastine and vincristine are excellent anti-cancer drugs but their current production using plants is non-abundant and expensive. In order to make these drugs readily available to the patients at affordable prices, we isolated the endophytic fungi from Catharanthus roseus plant and found a fungus AA-CRL-6 which produces vinblastine and vincristine in appreciable amounts. These drugs were purified by TLC and HPLC and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, ESI-MS, MS/MS and 1H NMR. One liter of culture filtrate yielded 76 µg and 67 µg of vinblastine and vincristine respectively. This endophytic fungal strain was identified as Fusarium oxysporum based upon its cultural and morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Deepak Patil
- Central NMR Facility, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | | | - Absar Ahmad
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|