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Kemenes K, Hidvégi E, Szabó L, Kerner Á, Süvegh G. Metabolism of the Synthetic Cathinone Alpha-Pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone in Humans Using UHPLC--MS-QToF. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:253-262. [PMID: 36287060 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PHiP/α-PiHP) is a synthetic drug structurally related to cathine, a natural psychoactive alkaloid, isolated from Khat plant. The α-PiHP is a structural isomer of α-PHP, and both α-PHP and α-PiHP could be considered an analog of α-PVP, a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances by the United Nations. This α-pyrrolidinophenone was first reported to European Monitoring of Drug and Drug Addiction by Slovenia in December 2016. In Hungary, it was initially reported in August 2016, and until 2021, it had been detected in seizures only twice and never been identified in biological samples. However, in 2021, its consumption became prevalent in Hungary. This study aims to investigate the α-PiHP metabolites by performing in vitro and in vivo metabolite identification studies of human liver microsome (pHLM), S9 fraction (pS9) and urine samples (from control and users), using liquid chromatography in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Ten in vivo urinary metabolites of α-PiHP were tentatively identified and confirmed by in vitro metabolites detected in pHLM and pS9 samples. Among the eight Phase I and the two Phase II metabolites, five were more abundant in urine than the parent compound. The two major metabolites via reduction of the keto moiety (M01) and via oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring combined with aliphatic hydroxylation and keto reduction (M06) were identified. The metabolites via the combination of keto reduction and aliphatic hydroxylation (M04), via ring-opening followed by carboxylation (M09) and via glucuronidation of the keto reduced metabolite (M07) were also dominant. The minor metabolites were one Phase II metabolite (M08), two metabolites via aliphatic hydroxylation (M02 and M03), one metabolite via the combination of keto reduction and oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring (M05) and one metabolite via oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring (M10).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kemenes
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Hungarian Institute of Forensic Sciences, H-1087 Budapest Mosonyi street 9. P.O.B.: 314/4, Budapest H-1903, Hungary
| | - E Hidvégi
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Hungarian Institute of Forensic Sciences, H-1087 Budapest Mosonyi street 9. P.O.B.: 314/4, Budapest H-1903, Hungary
| | - L Szabó
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Hungarian Institute of Forensic Sciences, H-1087 Budapest Mosonyi street 9. P.O.B.: 314/4, Budapest H-1903, Hungary
| | - Á Kerner
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Hungarian Institute of Forensic Sciences, H-1087 Budapest Mosonyi street 9. P.O.B.: 314/4, Budapest H-1903, Hungary
| | - G Süvegh
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Hungarian Institute of Forensic Sciences, H-1087 Budapest Mosonyi street 9. P.O.B.: 314/4, Budapest H-1903, Hungary
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Rescue of Mitochondrial SIRT3 Ameliorates Ischemia-like Injury in Human Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169118. [PMID: 36012382 PMCID: PMC9409423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional alterations of vasculature caused by age-related factors is critically involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. The longevity genes sirtuins (SIRTs) are extensively investigated in aging-associated pathologies, but their distinct roles in ischemic stroke still remain to be clarified. To address this question, we applied oxygen and glucose deprived/reperfusion (OGD/R) to induce ischemic injury in human endothelial cells (ECs), which are the main component of vasculature in the brain. The results showed that OGD/R led to various damages to ECs, including compromised cell viability, increased LDH release, overproduced ROS, enhanced apoptosis and caspase activity. Meanwhile, the expression of mitochondrial SIRT3 was robustly decreased in ECs after OGD/R treatment. Consistently, rescue of SIRT3 by ectopic expression, but not nuclear SIRT1, in ECs reversed the OGD/R-induced cell damage. Interestingly, some front-line drugs for ischemic stroke, including clopidogrel, aspirin and dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), also rescued SIRT3 and reduced OGD/R-induced endothelial injury, suggesting that the recovery of SIRT3 expression was critical for the protection of these drugs. Moreover, our results demonstrated that 10-hydroxy-NBP (OHNBP), a major metabolite of NBP, showed better blood-brain barrier crossing capability than NBP, but still retained the effects on SIRT3 by NBP. Together, our results suggested that SIRT3 may serve as a potential novel target for treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Xue Y, Ren X, Zhu Z, Lei P, Liu M, Wan M, Zhong D, Huang H, Diao X. Site-specific protein modification by 3-n-butylphthalide in primary hepatocytes: Covalent protein adducts diminished by glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. Life Sci 2021; 287:120125. [PMID: 34762904 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is widely used for the treatment of cerebral ischaemic stroke but can causeliver injury in clinical practice. This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and propose potential preventive strategies. MAIN METHODS NBP and its four major metabolites, 3-hydroxy-NBP (3-OH-NBP), 10-hydroxy-NBP, 10-keto-NBP and NBP-11-oic acid, were synthesized and evaluated in primary human or rat hepatocytes (PHHs, PRHs). NBP-related substances or amino acid adducts were identified and semi-quantitated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The target proteins and binding sites were identified by shotgun proteomics based on peptide mass fingerprinting coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and verified by molecular docking. KEY FINDINGS The toxicity of NBP and its four major metabolites were compared in both PHHs and PRHs, and 3-OH-NBP was found to be the most toxic metabolite. 3-OH-NBP induced remarkable cell death and oxidative stresses in hepatocytes, which correlated well with the levels of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine adducts (3-GSH-NBP and 3-NAC-NBP) in cell supernatants. Additionally, 3-OH-NBP covalently conjugated with intracellular Cys, Lys and Ser, with preferable binding to Cys sites at Myh9 Cys1380, Prdx4 Cys53, Vdac2 Cys48 and Vdac3 Cys36. Furthermore, we found that CYP3A4 induction by rifampicin augmented NBP-induced cell toxicity and supplementing with GSH or NAC alleviated the oxidative stresses and reactive metabolites caused by 3-OH-NBP. SIGNIFICANCE Our work suggests that glutathione depletion, mitochondrial injury and covalent protein modification are the main causes of NBP-induced hepatotoxicity, which may be prevented by exogenous GSH or NAC supplementation and avoiding concomitant use of CYP3A4 inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuelian Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengdan Zhu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Institute of Big Data Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- Waters Technology (Shanghai), Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - He Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Metabolite identification of iridin in rats by using UHPLC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic study of its metabolite irigenin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1181:122914. [PMID: 34492510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iridin, one of the main bioactive components isolated from Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC, exerts various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antitumor. However, the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of iridin are still unknown. After 100 mg/kg administration of iridin orally, the plasma, urine, and fecal bio-samples from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were collected and detected by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The pharmacokinetics of the major metabolite irigenin (aglycon of iridin) and a total of thirteen metabolites of iridin were identified, including five metabolites in plasma, ten metabolites in urine, and six metabolites in feces. The most principal metabolic pathway of iridin was glucuronidation after demethylation and was mediated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 1A10. This study highlights the first-time investigation of the metabolism of iridin in vivo, and the pharmacokinetics of irigenin (the major metabolite of iridin) in rats. These results provide robust evidence for further research and clinical application of iridin.
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Tian J, Lei P, He Y, Zhang N, Ge X, Luo L, Yan S, Diao X. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [ 14C]NBP (3-n-butylphthalide) in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1181:122915. [PMID: 34500404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) has a considerable neuroprotective effect and is currently used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. NBP was launched on the market in 2004. However, information on its metabolism in humans and preclinical animal models is insufficient. Although the metabolism of unradiolabeled NBP in humans has been reported, the quantitative metabolite profile, blood-to-plasma radioactivity concentration ratio (B/P), and tissue distribution of this drug remain unclear. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, mass balance, and metabolism of NBP in rats after a single oral dose of 60 mg/kg (100 μCi/kg) [14C]NBP to understand the biotransformation of NBP comprehensively and to provide preclinical drug metabolism data prior to human mass balance studies with [14C]NBP in the near future. NBP absorption was rapid (Tmax = 0.75 h) and declined with a terminal half-life of 9.73 h. In rats, the B/P was 0.63 during the 48 h postdose period, indicating that drug-related substances did not tend to be distributed into blood cells. Tissue distribution was determined by using the oxidative combustion method. NBP-related components were widely distributed throughout the body, and high concentrations were detected in the stomach, small intestine, fat, bladder, kidney, liver and ovary. At 168 h after oral administration, the mean cumulative recovered radioactivity was 99.85% of the original dose, and was 85.12% in urine and 14.73% in feces. Metabolite profiles were detected via radiochromatography. A total of 49 metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, and feces. The main metabolic pathways were oxidation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. Overall, NBP was absorbed rapidly, distributed throughout the body, and excreted in the form of metabolites. Urine was the main excretion route, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of NBP showed no significant gender difference between male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Tian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China.
| | - Peng Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China.
| | - Yifei He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China.
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Shu Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China.
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China.
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Lee MTW, Mahy W, Rackham MD. The medicinal chemistry of mitochondrial dysfunction: a critical overview of efforts to modulate mitochondrial health. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1281-1311. [PMID: 34458736 PMCID: PMC8372206 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00113b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that perform a variety of critical biological functions, including ATP production and acting as hubs of immune and apoptotic signalling. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been extensively linked to the pathology of multiple neurodegenerative disorders, resulting in significant investment from the drug discovery community. Despite extensive efforts, there remains no disease modifying therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. This manuscript aims to review the compounds historically used to modulate the mitochondrial network through the lens of modern medicinal chemistry, and to offer a perspective on the evidence that relevant exposure was achieved in a representative model and that exposure was likely to result in target binding and engagement of pharmacology. We hope this manuscript will aid the community in identifying those targets and mechanisms which have been convincingly (in)validated with high quality chemical matter, and those for which an opportunity exists to explore in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Mahy
- MSD The Francis Crick Institute 1 Midland Road London NW1 1AT UK
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Lin LS, Lin LL, Lin T, Wu YA. Simultaneous determination of 3-n-butylphthalide and its metabolite 10-hydroxy-butylphthalide in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5184. [PMID: 34060121 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is a potent drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of NBP and its circulating metabolite 10-hydroxy-NBP in rat plasma using senkyunolide I as the internal standard (IS). The analytes and IS were extracted from the plasma by ethyl acetate-ethyl ether (1:5, v/v) and then separated on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, which was delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min with gradient elution. MS detection was achieved under selective reaction monitoring mode with precursor-to-product transitions at m/z 191.1 > 145.1 for NBP, m/z 207.1 > 171.1 for 10-hydroxy-NBP and m/z 207.1 > 161.1 for IS, respectively. The assay showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL for both analytes, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.998. The other validation parameters were all within the required limits. The validated UPLC-MS/MS method has been further applied to the pharmacokinetic study of NBP and 10-hydroxy-NBP in rats after they were orally administered with NBP (30 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shu Lin
- Department of Dermatological Fungi Laboratory, The First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Ling Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Government Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-An Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Hu PY, Zhong YH, Feng JF, Li DX, Deng P, Zhang WL, Lei ZQ, Liu XM, Zhang GS. Pharmacokinetics of five phthalides in volatile oil of Ligusticum sinense Oliv.cv. Chaxiong, and comparison study on physicochemistry and pharmacokinetics after being formulated into solid dispersion and inclusion compound. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:129. [PMID: 33888111 PMCID: PMC8063472 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The dried rhizome of Ligusticum sinense Oliv.cv. Chaxiong has been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, anemia and stroke. A high purity extract from chaxiong (VOC, brownish yellow oil) was extracted and separated. Its main components were senkyunolide A (SA, 33.81%), N-butylphthalide (NBP, 1.38%), Neocnidilide (NOL, 16.53%), Z-ligustilide (ZL, 38.36%), and butenyl phthalide (BP, 2.48%), respectively. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of these phthalides in Chaxiong, and different preparations to improve the physicochemistry and pharmacokinetics of VOC have not been investigated. METHODS At different predetermined time points after oral administration or intravenous administration, the concentrations of SA, NBP, NOL, ZL and BP in the rat plasma were determined using LC-MS/MS, and the main PK parameters were investigated. VOC-P188 solid dispersion and VOC-β-CD inclusion compound were prepared by melting solvent method and grinding method, respectively. Moreover, the physicochemical properties, dissolution and pharmacokinetics of VOC-P188 solid dispersion and VOC-β-CD inclusion compound in rats were assessed in comparison to VOC. RESULTS The absorptions of SA, NBP, NOL, ZL and BP in VOC were rapid after oral administration, and the absolute bioavailability was less than 25%. After the two preparations were prepared, dissolution rate was improved at pH 5.8 phosphate buffer solution. Comparing VOC and physical mixture with the solid dispersion and inclusion compound, it was observed differences occurred in the chemical composition, thermal stability, and morphology. Both VOC-P188 solid dispersion and VOC-β-CD inclusion compound had a significantly higher AUC and longer MRT in comparison with VOC. CONCLUSION SA, NBP, NOL, ZL and BP in VOC from chaxiong possessed poor absolute oral bioavailability. Both VOC-P188 solid dispersion and VOC-β-CD inclusion compound could be prospective means for improving oral bioavailability of SA, NBP, NOL, ZL and BP in VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yi Hu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ying-Huai Zhong
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jian-Fang Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Dong-Xun Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Wen-Liu Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lei
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Guo-Song Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Direct quantification of anorethidrani disuccinate and determination of sterol metabolites by chemical derivatization combined with LC-MS/MS: Application to a Phase I pharmacokinetic study in humans. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1157:122290. [PMID: 32891947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anorethidrani disuccinate (ACP) is a domestically designed A-decarbonized steroid that is currently being investigated in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors. Only the parent drug exhibited antitumor activity; its sterol metabolite M2 showed obvious antiestrogenic effects. We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the direct quantification of ACP and a chemical derivatization method that can be used to quantify M2 derivatized with glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTMA). A simple protein precipitation procedure was performed to quantify ACP. Injections were obtained within 3.5 min on an Eclipse Plus Phenyl-Hexyl column (50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 μm) with gradient elution; the calibration curve was linear over the range of 2.00-8000 ng/mL. For quantification of M2 in plasma, analytes were extracted by protein precipitation and converted to their GTMA derivatives at 60 °C for 2 h at pH 12; the analytes and coelutants were separated on a Luna C8(2) column (50 mm × 2.0 mm i.d., 5.0 μm). The precision (RSD) and accuracy (RE) of the intra- and interday determinations were within 10%. The derivatization procedure is a novel method for sterol determination by LC-MS/MS. The results confirmed the usefulness of this method for characterizing the pharmacokinetic profiles of ACP and its major metabolite M2 in a Phase I pharmacokinetic study.
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Wang Q, Yan T, Jiang W, Hu N, Zhang S, Yang P, Zhang W, Shi L, Liu L. Simultaneous quantification of ligustilide, dl-3-n-butylphthalide and senkyunolide A in rat plasma by GC-MS and its application to comparative pharmacokinetic studies of Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract alone and Baizhi Chuanxiong Decoction. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4625. [PMID: 31222844 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The herb couple has special clinical significance in reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs. The combination of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi, BZ) and Rhizoma Chuanxiong (ChuanXiong, CX) is a traditional herb couple. The combination performs better than the CX extract alone in the treatment of migraine and has been used for thousands of years. However, the specific compatibility mechanisms are still unclear. Ligustilide, dl-3-n-butylphthalide and senkyunolide A are the major active ingredients in CX and BZ-CX decoction. However, a comprehensive study of the pharmacokinetics of CX has not been carried out. A gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method with high selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy was developed. An SH-Rxi-5Sil (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., and 0.25 μm film thickness) column was employed in the GC separation. Selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability were used to validate the current GC-MS method. Using the validated method, this is the first time to study on the comparative pharmacokinetics of ligustilide, dl-3-n-butylphthalide and senkyunolide A from CX alone and BZ-CX decoction in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax , Tmax , T1/2 , AUC0-t , AUC0-∞ and CLz/F) of all of the detected ingredients showed significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). The results are helpful for further investigation of the compatibility mechanism of BZ-CX decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Diao X, Huestis MA. New Synthetic Cannabinoids Metabolism and Strategies to Best Identify Optimal Marker Metabolites. Front Chem 2019; 7:109. [PMID: 30886845 PMCID: PMC6409358 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) were initially developed as pharmacological tools to probe the endocannabinoid system and as novel pharmacotherapies, but are now highly abused. This is a serious public health and social problem throughout the world and it is highly challenging to identify which SC was consumed by the drug abusers, a necessary step to tie adverse health effects to the new drug's toxicity. Two intrinsic properties complicate SC identification, their often rapid and extensive metabolism, and their generally high potency relative to the natural psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis. Additional challenges are the lack of reference standards for the major urinary metabolites needed for forensic verification, and the sometimes differing illicit and licit status and, in some cases, identical metabolites produced by closely related SC pairs, i.e., JWH-018/AM-2201, THJ-018/THJ-2201, and BB-22/MDMB-CHMICA/ADB-CHMICA. We review current SC prevalence, establish the necessity for SC metabolism investigation and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of multiple metabolic approaches. The human hepatocyte incubation model for determining a new SC's metabolism is highly recommended after comparison to human liver microsomes incubation, in silico prediction, rat in vivo, zebrafish, and fungus Cunninghamella elegans models. We evaluate SC metabolic patterns, and devise a practical strategy to select optimal urinary marker metabolites for SCs. New SCs are incubated first with human hepatocytes and major metabolites are then identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Although initially difficult to obtain, authentic human urine samples following the specified SC exposure are hydrolyzed and analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry to verify identified major metabolites. Since some SCs produce the same major urinary metabolites, documentation of the specific SC consumed may require identification of the SC parent itself in either blood or oral fluid. An encouraging trend is the recent reduction in the number of new SC introduced per year. With global collaboration and communication, we can improve education of the public about the toxicity of new SC and our response to their introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Diao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- The Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Institute for Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Stebounova L, Ebert SM, Murry LT, Adams CM, Murry DJ. Rapid and Sensitive Quantification of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid in Human Plasma Using Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:644-649. [PMID: 29701757 PMCID: PMC6049622 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) interfaced with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass-spectrometry was used to separate and quantify ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) in human plasma. UA and OA were extracted from 0.5 mL human plasma using supported liquid extraction and separated utilizing an Acquity UPLC HSS column. The method has been validated for both UA and OA quantitation with a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. The UPLC separations are carried out with isocratic elution with methanol and 5 mM ammonium acetate in water (85:15) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The assay was linear from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL for both analytes. The total analysis time was 7 min with the retention times of 3.25 (internal standard), 3.65 (UA) and 3.85 min (OA). Recovery of drug from plasma ranged from 70% to 115%. Analysis of quality control samples at 3, 30 and 80 ng/mL (n = 14) had an intra-day coefficient of variation of 9.9%, 4.3% and 5.5%, respectively. A proof-of-concept study in human patients who consumed apple peels indicates that this analytical method could be applied to clinical studies of UA and/or OA in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Stebounova
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott M Ebert
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Logan T Murry
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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13
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Huang D, Jiang QS, Yang JQ, Cui T, Wang NR, Du TT, Jiang XH. Simultaneous determination of nine analytes related to the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy in diabetic rat cortex and hippocampus by HPLC-FLD. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4338. [PMID: 30003560 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The determination of amino acids and monoamine with actions like neurotransmitters or modulators has become increasingly important for studying the relationship between the dysfunction of neurotransmitters and the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy. Here, a high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method was developed to simultaneously determine nine monoamines and amino acids including three excitatory neurotransmitters (aspartate, glutamate, and serotonin), four inhibitory neurotransmitters (glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine, dopamine), a precursor of 5-HT (tryptophan) and methionine using homoserine as the internal standard. The separation was performed on a BDS column with methanol-buffer solution of 35 mmol/L sodium acetate and 5 mmol/L citric acid (pH 6.0) using a simple gradient elution. Several parameters including specificity, precision, and recovery were validated after optimization of the analytical conditions. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the cortex and the hippocampus samples from Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results showed that various neurotransmitters involved in diabetes mellitus may tend to be differentially modulated and present a different alteration tendency at different time course, which might be associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Song Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Qing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, China
| | | | - Ting-Ting Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Hui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Liu Y, Song L, Yao X, Wu Y, Liu H, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Shi C, Ma X, Zhou H, Liu D, Hu P. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of imigliptin, its five metabolites and alogliptin in human plasma and urine and its application to a multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4324. [PMID: 29952007 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Imigliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, designed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A selective and sensitive method was developed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to simultaneously quantify imigliptin, its five metabolites, and alogliptin in human plasma and urine. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and direct dilution were used to extract imigliptin, its five metabolites, alogliptin from plasma and urine, respectively. The extracts were injected onto a SymmetryShield RP8 column with a gradient elution of methanol and water containing 10 mM ammonium formate (pH = 7). Ionization of all analytes was performed using an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode and detection was carried out with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The results revealed that the method had excellent selectivity and linearity. Inter- and intra-batch precisions of all analytes were less than 15% and the accuracies were within 85%-115% for both plasma and urine. The sensitivity, matrix effect, extraction recovery, linearity, and stabilities were validated for all analytes in human plasma and urine. In conclusion, the validation results showed that this method was robust, specific, and sensitive and it can successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of Chinese T2DM subjects after oral dose of imigliptin and alogliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Song
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Yao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Chongtie Shi
- XuanZhu Pharma Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xifeng Ma
- XuanZhu Pharma Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- XuanZhu Pharma Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center Phase I Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
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15
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Wang T, Long F, Jiang G, Cai H, Jiang Q, Cheng K, Hu Z, Wang Y. Pharmacokinetic properties of wogonin and its herb-drug interactions with docetaxel in rats with mammary tumors. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4264. [PMID: 29679509 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel, frequently used for the treatment of breast cancer, is mainly metabolized via hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A in humans and is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Wogonin has been shown to be able to modulate the activities of CYPs and P-gp, and it could serve as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent. However, the impacts of co-administration of wogonin and docetaxel on their pharmacokinetics have not been studied because of a lack of an analytical method for their simultaneous measurement. In the present study, we established an HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous measurement of wogonin and docetaxel in rat plasma, and it was then utilized to explore the pharmacokinetics of wogonin and the herb-drug interactions between wogonin and docetaxel after their combined administration in rats with mammary tumors. The rats received 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg wogonin via oral administration, with or without docetaxel intravenously administered at 10 mg/kg, and the plasma concentrations of wogonin and docetaxel were measured using the established and validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The Cmax and AUC0-t of wogonin were proportionally increased in the dose range from 10 to 40 mg/kg, suggesting a linear pharmacokinetics of wogonin. Moreover, the Cmax and AUC0-t of docetaxel and the AUC0-t of wogonin were increased after co-administration (p < 0.05), indicating increased in vivo exposures of both wogonin and docetaxel, which might lead to an increase in not only therapeutic but also toxic effects. Thus the alterations of pharmacokinetics should be taken into consideration when wogonin and docetaxel are co-administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangyi Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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16
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Metabolism of the new synthetic cannabinoid EG-018 in human hepatocytes by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-018-0404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Wang M, Wang L, Sun J, Zhang L, Zhao L, Xiong Z. Simultaneous Determination of Vinpocetine and its Major Active Metabolite Apovincaminic Acid in Rats by UPLC-MS/MS and its Application to the Brain Tissue Distribution Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 56:225-232. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Microalgae Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Province, Hexi University, No. 846 Beihuan Road, Zhangye, 734000, PR China
| | - Jinghan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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18
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Zheng H, Wang Z, Liu W, Jin H, Zhang J. Toxicokinetics of strychnine and brucine after the oral administration of Biqi capsule to rats by RRLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 29027676 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biqi capsule is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been widely applied for the clinical treatment of such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, scapulohumeral periarthritis and cervical spondylopathy. However, there is concern regarding the toxicity of Biqi capsule owing to its active ingredients, strychnine and brucine. To investigate the toxicokinetics of strychnine and brucine after oral administration of Biqi capsule to rats, a sensitive and simple rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine the levels of strychnine and brucine in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Capcell Pak C18 MG II (3.0 μm, 2.0 × 35 mm) column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid as the mobile phase. The method was validated over the range of 0.25-250 ng/mL for strychnine and 0.025-25 ng/mL for brucine. The intra- and inter-day accuracies of strychnine and brucine in rat plasma were 100.3-106.6 and 90.75-106.1% respectively, and the precisions were within 14.2%. The established method was successfully applied to the toxicokinetic study of strychnine and brucine after single and multiple oral administration of Biqi capsule to male and female rats at 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg doses. The results showed different toxicokinetic characteristics in the different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Tianjin Darentang Jingwanhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang X, Zheng W, Xu H, Huang X, Ren P, Zou H, Liu G, Wang J, Ma X. Pharmacokinetic study of representative anti-oxidative compounds from Denshen-Chuanxiong-Honghua following oral administration in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1052:82-90. [PMID: 28364700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Almost no pharmacokinetic compounds to date have been precisely linked with the activity of their herbal or Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula. This creates challenges for pharmacokinetic significance and application of the TCM. In our study, a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantitatively or qualitatively determine multiple-components (tanshinol, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, baicalin and 9'-methyl lithospermate B) in rat plasma following the oral administration of Denshen-Chuanxiong-Honghua (DCH) extract (20g/kg). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a 300SB-C18 column using a gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. Determination by mass spectrometry (MS) was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization. The validated method exhibited good linearity, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9949 over a wide concentration range, and the lower limits of quantification were 2.09-12.2ng/mL for the 5 analytes. This assay was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 5 compounds in rat plasma after the oral administration of DCH extracts. In addition, the anti-oxidant capacities of the 5 active ingredients of DCH extract in vitro and the total absorbed DCH extract in vivo were investigated at different concentrations during pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wan Zheng
- Institute of Tcm-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210064, PR China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 251700, PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- Institute of Tcm-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210064, PR China.
| | - Ping Ren
- Institute of Tcm-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210064, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Guihua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University,1025 Walnut Street, 808 College Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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20
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Canzani D, Hsieh K, Standland M, Hammack W, Aldeek F. UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of penicillin G and metabolites in citrus fruit using internal standards. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1044-1045:87-94. [PMID: 28088045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin G has been applied to citrus trees as a potential treatment in the fight against Huanglongbing (HLB). Here, we have developed and validated a method to identify and quantitate penicillin G and two of its metabolites, penillic acid and penilloic acid, in citrus fruit using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). This method improves upon a previous method by incorporating isotopically labeled internal standards, namely, penillic acid-D5, and penilloic acid-D5. These standards greatly enhanced the accuracy and precision of our measurements by compensating for recovery losses, degradation, and matrix effects. When 2g of citrus fruit sample is extracted, the limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be 0.1ng/g for penicillin G and penilloic acid, and 0.25ng/g for penillic acid. At fortification levels of 0.1, 0.25, 1, and 10ng/g, absolute recoveries for penillic and penilloic acids were generally between 50-70%. Recoveries corrected with the isotopically labeled standards were approximately 90-110%. This method will be useful for the identification and quantitation of drug residues and their degradation products using isotopically labeled standards and UHPLC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canzani
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Food Safety, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1650, United States
| | - Kevin Hsieh
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Food Safety, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1650, United States
| | - Matthew Standland
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Food Safety, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1650, United States
| | - Walter Hammack
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Food Safety, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1650, United States
| | - Fadi Aldeek
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Food Safety, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1650, United States.
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21
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Diao X, Carlier J, Scheidweiler KB, Huestis MA. In vitro metabolism of new synthetic cannabinoid SDB-006 in human hepatocytes by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-016-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Swan HB, Deschaseaux ESM, Jones GB, Eyre BD. Quantification of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in Acropora spp. of reef-building coral using mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standard. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1929-1942. [PMID: 28028593 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in scleractinian coral is usually analysed indirectly as dimethylsulfide (DMS) using gas chromatography (GC) with a sulfur-specific detector. We developed a headspace GC method for mass spectral analysis of DMSP in branching coral where hexa-deuterated DMSP (d 6 -DMSP) was added to samples and standards to optimise the analytical precision and quantitative accuracy. Using this indirect HS-GC-MS method, we show that common coral sample handling techniques did not alter DMSP concentrations in Acropora aspera and that endogenous DMS was insignificant compared to the store of DMSP in A. aspera. Field application of the indirect HS-GC-MS method in all seasons over a 5-year period at Heron Island in the southern Great Barrier Reef indicated that healthy colonies of A. aspera ordinarily seasonally conserve their branch tip store of DMSP; however, this store increased to a higher concentration under extended thermal stress conditions driven by a strong El Niño Southern Oscillation event. A liquid chromatography mass spectral method (LC-MS) was subsequently developed for direct analysis of DMSP in branching coral, also utilising the d 6 -DMSP internal standard. The quantitative comparison of DMSP in four species of Acropora coral by indirect HS-GC-MS and direct LC-MS analyses gave equivalent concentrations in A. aspera only; in the other three species, HS-GC-MS gave consistently higher concentrations, indicating that indirect analysis of DMSP may lead to artificially high values for some coral species. Graphical Abstract Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) was quantified in Acropora spp. of branching coral using deuterated stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilton B Swan
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia. .,Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia. .,Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia.
| | - Elisabeth S M Deschaseaux
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia.,Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia.,Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia
| | - Graham B Jones
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia.,Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia
| | - Bradley D Eyre
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia.,Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia
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23
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The effect of sodium fluoride, formaldehyde, and storage temperature on the stability of methamidophos in post-mortem blood and liver. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:667-675. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Wiergowski M, Aszyk J, Kaliszan M, Wilczewska K, Anand JS, Kot-Wasik A, Jankowski Z. Identification of novel psychoactive substances 25B-NBOMe and 4-CMC in biological material using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and their quantification in blood using UPLC-MS/MS in case of severe intoxications. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1041-1042:1-10. [PMID: 27992785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes cases of poisoning caused by new psychoactive substances such as: 25B-NBOMe (2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine) and 4-CMC (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-1-propanone). The analytical procedure includes rapid and selective method for the extraction and determination of 4-CMC and 25B-NBOMe in blood samples using UPLC-MS/MS technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report, that involves a fully validated method for quantification of new-designer drug - 4-CMC in postmortem blood samples. The biological material was also analyzed with the use of routine analytical methods: immunochemical techniques, gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry. The results of real samples analyses correspond to possible toxicological effects: death resulting from 25B-NBOMe - mediated hallucinations (661ng/mL of 25B-NBOMe and 0.887ng/mL of 4-CMC), fatal overdose of 25B-NBOMe and 4-CMC (66.5ng/mL of 25B-NBOMe and 2.14ng/mL of 4-CMC) and non-fatal intoxication of these drugs (38.4ng/mL of 25B NBOMe and 0.181ng/mL of 4-CMC). Additionally, O-demethylathed O, O-bis-demethylathed and glucuronidated metabolites of 25B-NBOMe in biological specimens were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wiergowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 23 Dębowa Street, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Aszyk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 23 Dębowa Street, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kamila Wilczewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Sein Anand
- Pomeranian Toxicology Center and Department of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Subfaculty of Nursing and Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Tuwima 15 Street, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Kot-Wasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jankowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 23 Dębowa Street, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
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Abdoulaye IA, Guo YJ. A Review of Recent Advances in Neuroprotective Potential of 3-N-Butylphthalide and Its Derivatives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5012341. [PMID: 28053983 PMCID: PMC5178327 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5012341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The research of alternative treatment for ischemic stroke and degenerative diseases has always been a priority in neurology. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a family of compounds initially isolated from the seeds of Apium graveolens Linn., has shown significant neuroprotective effects. Previous extensive studies have demonstrated that NBP promotes a better poststroke outcome and exerts a multitargeted action on several mechanisms, from oxidative stress to mitochondrial dysfunction to apoptosis to inflammation. Additionally, recent findings on several neurological disorders have shown that NBP's beneficial effects extend beyond the management of stroke. However, despite the increasing number of studies toward a better understanding and the rapid advances made in therapeutic options, to date, dl-3-N-butylphthalide, a synthetic variation of l-3-N-butylphthalide, remains the only clinically approved anti-ischemic agent in China, stressing the difficulties for a viable and effective transition from experimental to clinical practice. Events indicate that NBP, due to its multitargeted effect and the adaptability of its basic structure, can be an important game changer and a precursor to a whole new therapeutic approach to several neurological conditions. The present review discusses recent advances pertaining to the neuroprotective mechanisms of NBP-derived compounds and the possibility of their clinical implementation in the management of various neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Ali Abdoulaye
- Department of Neurology, The Southeast University Affiliated Zhong Da Hospital, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Yi Jing Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Southeast University Affiliated Zhong Da Hospital, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
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26
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Büker E, Dinç E. A New UPLC Method with Chemometric Design-Optimization Approach for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Brimonidine Tartrate and Timolol Maleate in an Eye Drop Preparation. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 55:154-161. [PMID: 27881494 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A new ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photodiode array was proposed for the quantitation of Brimonidine Tartrate (BRI) and Timolol Maleate (TIM) in eye drop using experimental design and optimization methodology. A 33 full factorial design was applied to uncover the effects of the selected factors and their interactions on the chromatographic response function for the optimization of experimental conditions in the development of a new UPLC method. As a result, the optimal chromatographic conditions giving a better separation and short analysis time were found to be 49.2°C for column temperature; 0.38 mL/min for flow rate and 56.7 % (v/v) for 0.1 M CH3COOH used in mobile phase. The elution of BRI and TIM was reported as 0.508 and 0.652 min within a short runtime of 1.5 min, respectively. Calibration graphs for BRI and TIM were obtained by the regression of the concentration on the peak area, which was detected at 246 and 298 nm, respectively. The method validation was performed by the analysis of the synthetic mixtures, intra-day and inter-day samples and standard addition samples. This study shows that the optimized and validated UPLC method is very promising and available for the quantification of BRI and TIM in an eye drop formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Büker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Dinç
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Diao X, Huestis MA. Approaches, Challenges, and Advances in Metabolism of New Synthetic Cannabinoids and Identification of Optimal Urinary Marker Metabolites. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:239-253. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Diao
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - MA Huestis
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore Maryland USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
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28
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Rapid ion-exchange matrix removal for a decrease of detection limits in the analysis of salt-rich reservoir waters for fluorobenzoic acids by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:871-879. [PMID: 27832302 PMCID: PMC5258790 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A matrix removal procedure with ion-exchange resin prior to analysis for 18 fluorinated benzoic acids (FBAs) tracers in saline (>25% salt) reservoir water was optimized. The elimination of >98% of salt and the simultaneous matrix sample cleanup allowed the direct analysis using the supernatant by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This resulted in a gain in detection limits for most of the tracers in comparison with the reference method (direct analysis after minimum required dilution). The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.01–0.15 ng/ml and compared to other studies the developed method provided comparable limits of detection and advantage of simplified and shorter sample preparation. The presented method offers a considerable gain in simplicity and analysis time. Recoveries for all the tracers reached 80–100%, except for 2-FBA and 2,6-dFBA for which they were ca. 60%. The low recoveries were corrected by the use of five isotopically labeled internal standards. The method was validated by the analysis of spiked samples and by an independent comparison of the results with those obtained by solid-phase extraction LC-MS/MS method.
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29
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White L, Wu S, Ma J, Fang B, Liang D. Simultaneous determination and validation of oncrasin-266 and its metabolites by HPLC-MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:106-111. [PMID: 27541624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oncrasins are a class of RNA polymerase II inhibitors. Oncrasin-72 is an indole-3 carbinol analog that has shown to inhibit growth and induce the cell death of various human cancer cell lines. Oncrasin-266, a prodrug of oncrasin-72, has been shown to have improved pharmacokinetic properties and safety than Oncrasin-72. With respect to the potential therapeutic advantages of this class of compounds, there is a need for further preclinical assessment for future clinical trials. The development of and validation of an analytical method is essential for the quantification of oncrasins in biological fluids for pharmacokinetic studies. This study focuses on the HPLC-MS/MS method development and validation of oncrasin-266, oncrasin-72 and its aldehyde metabolite in rat plasma. Blank rat plasma, coupled with 1-(3-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indole, as internal standard, was used for generating standard curves ranging from 1 to 250ng/mL for oncrasin-266 and oncrasin-72; and 0.5-125ng/mL for the aldehyde metabolite. The chromatographic separation was achieved by a Zorbax 300SB-C18 HPLC column at 50°C with a flow rate of 1.1mL/min under gradient elution. Mass detection was performed under positive ionization electrospray. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the assay were less than 10%. We report a simple, specific and reproducible HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of oncrasins in rat plasma. This study was successfully used for the quantification of oncrasins in rat plasma for pharmacokinetic studies in three dose groups of 10, 25, and 50mg/kg via intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey White
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Thoratic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoratic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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Kobuchi S, Matsuno M, Fukuda E, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. Development and validation of an LC–MS/MS method for the determination of tofogliflozin in plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:227-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wang H, Yang G, Zhou J, Pei J, Zhang Q, Song X, Sun Z. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for quantitation of droxidopa in human plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:234-8. [PMID: 27311027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantitation of droxidopa in human plasma for the first time. A simple plasma protein precipitation method using methanol containing 3% formic acid was selected, and the separation was achieved by an Acquity UPLC™ BEH Amide column (2.1mm×50mm, 1.7μm) with a gradient elution using acetonitrile, ammonium formate buffer and formic acid as mobile phase. The detection of droxidopa and benserazide (internal standard, IS) was performed using positive-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The precursor-to-product ion transitions m/z 214.2→m/z 152.0 for droxidopa, and m/z 258.1→m/z 139.1 for IS were used for quantification. A lower limit of quantification of 5.00ng/mL was achieved and the linear curve range was 5.00-4000ng/mL using a weighted (1/x(2)) linear regression model. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision was less than 10.2%, and the accuracy ranged from 0.1% to 2.1%. Stability, recovery and matrix effects were within the acceptance criteria recommended by the regulatory bioanalytical guidelines. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of droxidopa in healthy Chinese volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Jiang Pei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital,Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Qiangfeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Xingfa Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China.
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Zheng B, Chen D, Yang X, Igo LP, Li Z, Ye X, Xiang Z. Development and validation of an UPLC-PDA method for the determination of corilagin in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1031:76-79. [PMID: 27459126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corilagin, which was isolated from several medical herbs, has been reported to exert many pharmacological activities. A simple and rapid liquid ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to photodiode array (PDA) method has been developed to quantify corilagin in rat plasma. In this study, plasma samples were prepared by ethyl acetate extraction. Separation was performed on a HSS T3 (100mm×2.1mm, 1.8μm) column by using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (v/v). Corilagin and internal standard epicatechin were detected at a wavelength of 266nm. The calibration curve was linear (r>0.998) over a concentration range of 0.2μg/mL to 20μg/mL with a lower quantification limit of 0.2μg/mL. Both intra and inter-day precision values were within 5.7% and extraction recovery were greater than 81.0%. Stability tests showed that corilagin and IS remained stable during the analytical procedure. The validated UPLC-PDA method was then used to analyze the pharmacokinetics of corilagin administered to rats intravenously (10mg/kg) or orally (50mg/kg). Oral bioavailability of corilagin was calculated to be 10.7%, indicating that this component is not suitable for oral administration. The results provide basis for further preclinical studies on corilagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjing Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Dahui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiangxiang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Longo Phemba Igo
- School of International Studies, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhengxue Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics via ionic-liquid-based, salt-induced, dual microextraction in swine feed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6105-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Andersson M, Diao X, Wohlfarth A, Scheidweiler KB, Huestis MA. Metabolic profiling of new synthetic cannabinoids AMB and 5F-AMB by human hepatocyte and liver microsome incubations and high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1067-1078. [PMID: 27003044 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AMB (methyl (1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl)-L-valinate)) and its fluoro analog 5F-AMB (methyl (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl)-L-valinate) are two new synthetic cannabinoids that are structural analogs of AB-PINACA and 5F-AB-PINACA, respectively. 5F-AMB is scheduled as an illicit drug in China, Germany, Singapore and Japan, and no metabolism data are currently available for either drug. The aim of the present work was to investigate the metabolism of AMB and 5F-AMB and propose appropriate markers to identify their intake in clinical or forensic cases. METHODS AMB and 5F-AMB were incubated in human hepatocytes (10 μmol/L) to generate phase I and II metabolites, which were identified with a TripleTOF 5600(+) high-resolution mass spectrometer. AMB and 5F-AMB metabolic stability studies also were performed with human liver microsomes (HLM) to evaluate metabolic clearances, and to adequately design the human hepatocyte experiment. RESULTS AMB and 5F-AMB were quickly metabolized in HLM with a 1.1 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.2 min T1/2, respectively. The predominant metabolic pathway for AMB and 5F-AMB in hepatocytes was ester hydrolysis, and further oxidation and/or glucuronidation. In total, 19 metabolites were identified for AMB and 17 for 5F-AMB. We describe metabolites to differentiate AMB from 5F-AMB, and metabolites that are common to both analytes due to oxidative defluorination of 5F-AMB. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, AMB and 5F-AMB metabolism profiles were characterized, providing valuable data for identifying these two novel psychoactive substances. The difficulties of differentiating AMB and 5F-AMB from AB-PINACA/5F-AB-PINACA metabolites also were examined. These data improve the interpretation of urinary markers after AMB and 5F-AMB intake. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andersson
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ariane Wohlfarth
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, 58758, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Drug Research, University of Linköping, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karl B Scheidweiler
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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Zhang S, Liu Q, Luo H, Chen P, Wu X, Yang M, Kong W, Guo W. UFLC-MS/MS analysis of four tanshinone components in Salvia miltiorrhizae after ultrasound-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:204-210. [PMID: 26990735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative of four characteristic tanshione components including tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and dihydrotanshinone I in Salvia miltiorrhizae after ultrasound-assisted extraction. By using a C18 column, the four analytes were separated by gradient elution with acetonitrile and water both containing 0.1% formic acid at the flow rate of 0.3mL/min. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for quantification, and an information-dependent acquisition (IDA) method was used to trigger enhanced product ion scans (EPI) for supplementary characteristic identification for qualitative research. Calibration curves showed good linearities with correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.9990. The method showed high sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) less than 0.0002ng/mL and 0.0008ng/mL, respectively, as well as good precision and reproducibility. Mean recoveries for four analytes ranged from 92.5% to 106.2% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 14.59%. Real application of the developed method in 32 batches of S. miltiorrhizae samples demonstrated that the total contents of four analytes in all samples were in the range of 2.258-52.342mg/g. Ultrasound-assisted extraction technique took a small amount of sample and low time but giving high extraction efficiency. Combining with UFLC-MS/MS method in MRM-IDA-EPI mode, more components in other complicated matrices can be simultaneously analyzed for qualitation and quantitation in one run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qiutao Liu
- Pharmacy College, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Guizhou Xinbang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guiyang 550014,China
| | - Xiaoru Wu
- Guizhou Xinbang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guiyang 550014,China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China.
| | - Weiying Guo
- Pharmacy College, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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Wang H, Xiao B, Hao Z, Sun Z. Simultaneous determination of fraxin and its metabolite, fraxetin, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:70-74. [PMID: 26945887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of fraxin and its metabolite, fraxetin, in rat plasma, using esculin as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were precipitated with methanol before separation on an Nova-Pak C18 column (150mm×3.9mm, 3μm) using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid and methanol (55:45) at a flow rate of 0.8mL/min. The analytes were detected by multiple reaction monitoring in the negative ion mode with the mass transitions at m/z 368.9→ m/z 191.9 (fraxin), m/z 206.9→ m/z 191.8 (fraxetin) and m/z 339.0→ m/z 176.9 (esculin, IS). The results demonstrated that the calibration curves for both analytes have good linearity (r≥0.995) over a concentration range of 5.00-3000ng/mL. The assay was validated according to the regulatory bioanalytical guidelines and proved acceptable. The intra- and inter-day precisions (R.S.D.%) were within 10.9% for both analytes, whereas the deviation of assay accuracies (R.E.%) ranged from -5.3 to 1.0%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after a single oral dose of fraxin at 50mg/kg to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Bingxin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222002, PR China.
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Li Z, Meng F, Zhang Y, Sun L, Yu L, Zhang Z, Peng S, Guo J. Simultaneous quantification of hyperin, reynoutrin and guaijaverin in mice plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1124-1130. [PMID: 26588877 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay was developed to simultaneously quantify three structurally similar flavonoid glycosides - hyperin, reynoutrin and guaijaverin - in mouse plasma. Biosamples were prepared by solid-phase extraction. Isocratic chromatographic separation was performed on an AichromBond-AQ C18 column (250 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-acetonitrile-water-formic acid (20:25:55:0.1) as the mobile phase. Detection of hyperin, reynoutrin, guaijaverin and internal standard [luteolin-7-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside] was achieved by ESI-MS/MS in the negative ion mode using m/z 463 → m/z 300, m/z 433 → m/z 300, m/z 433 → m/z 300 and m/z 579 → m/z 285 transitions, respectively. Linear concentration ranges of calibration curves were 4.0-800.0 ng/mL for hyperin and reynoutrin and 8.0-1600.0 ng/mL for guaijaverin when 100 μL of plasma was analyzed. We used this validated method to study the pharmacokinetics of hyperin, reynoutrin and guaijaverin in mice following oral and intravenous administration. All three quercetin-3-O-glycosides showed poor oral absorption in mice, and the absolute bioavailability of hyperin after oral administration of 100 mg/kg was 1.2%. Pretreatment with verapamil increased the peak concentration and area under the concentration-time curve of hyperin, which were significantly higher than the control values. The half-life of hyperin with verapamil was significantly prolonged compared with that of the control. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, People's Republic of China.,Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Jie, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - F Meng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yu
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Jie, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Zhang
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - S Peng
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Jie, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Guo
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Jie, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
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Diao XX, Zhong K, Li XL, Zhong DF, Chen XY. Isomer-selective distribution of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) hydroxylated metabolites, 3-hydroxy-NBP and 10-hydroxy-NBP, across the rat blood-brain barrier. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1520-7. [PMID: 26567730 PMCID: PMC4816231 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying the isomer-selective distribution of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) hydroxylated metabolites, 3-hydroxy-NBP (3-OH-NBP) and 10-hydroxy-NBP (10-OH-NBP), across the blood brain barrier (BBB). METHODS After oral administration of NBP (20 mg/kg) to rats, the pharmacokinetics of two major hydroxylated metabolites, 3-OH-NBP and 10-OH-NBP, in plasma and brains were investigated. Plasma and brain protein binding of 3-OH-NBP and 10-OH-NBP was also assessed. To evaluate the influences of major efflux transporters, rats were pretreated with the P-gp inhibitor tariquidar (10 mg/kg, iv) and BCRP inhibitor pantoprazole (40 mg/kg, iv), then received 3-OH-NBP (12 mg/kg, iv) or 10-OH-NBP (3 mg/kg, iv). The metabolic profile of NBP was investigated in rat brain homogenate. RESULTS After NBP administration, the plasma exposure of 3-OH-NBP was 4.64 times that of 10-OH-NBP, whereas the brain exposure of 3-OH-NBP was only 11.8% of 10-OH-NBP. In the rat plasma, 60%±5.2% of 10-OH-NBP was unbound to proteins versus only 22%±2.3% of 3-OH-NBP being unbound, whereas in the rat brain, free fractions of 3-OH-NBP and 10-OH-NBP were 100%±9.7% and 49.9%±14.1%, respectively. In the rats pretreated with tariquidar and pantoprazole, the unbound partition coefficient Kp,uu of 3-OH-NBP was significantly increased, while that of 10-OH-NBP showed a slight but not statistically significant increase. Incubation of rat brain homogenate with NBP yielded 3-OH-NBP but not 10-OH-NBP. CONCLUSION The isomer-selective distribution of 10-OH-NBP and 3-OH-NBP across the BBB of rats is mainly attributed to the differences in plasma and brain protein binding and the efflux transport of 3-OH-NBP. The abundant 10-OH-NBP is not generated in rat brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-xing Diao
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Zhong
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiu-li Li
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Da-fang Zhong
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-yan Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Mehta P, Shah R, Lohidasan S, Mahadik KR. Pharmacokinetic profile of phytoconstituent(s) isolated from medicinal plants-A comprehensive review. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5:207-27. [PMID: 26587392 PMCID: PMC4624361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine, the backbone of traditional medicine, has played an important role in human health and welfare for a long period. Traditional therapeutic approaches of regional significance are found in Africa, South and Central America, China, India, Tibet, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands. The considerable scientific significance and commercial potential of traditional medicines have resulted in increased international attention and global market demands for herbal medicines, especially Chinese herbal medicines. Herbal medicines currently are the primary form of health care for the poor in the developing countries, and also are widely used as a supplement or substitute for conventional drugs in developed countries. These traditional medicines have a pivotal role in the treatment of various ailments and more than 50% of drugs used in Western pharmacopoeia are isolated from herbs or derived from modifications of chemicals found in plants. Herbal medicines usually contain a complex mixture of various bioactive molecules, which make its standardization complicated, and there is little information about all compounds responsible for pharmacological activity. Several research papers have been published that claim pharmacological activity of herbal medicines but few are discussing the role of the exact phytoconstituent. Understanding the pharmacokinetic profile of such phytoconstituents is essential. Although there are research papers that deal with pharmacokinetic properties of phytoconstituents, there are a number of phytoconstituents yet to be explored for their kinetic properties. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic profile of 50 different therapeutically effective traditional medicinal plants from the year 2003 onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Mehta
- Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishi Shah
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra, India
| | - K R Mahadik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra, India
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Li Y, Zhao L, Li X, Guo B, Zhao J, Wang X, Zhang T. Quantification of 3-n-butylphthalide in beagle plasma samples by supercritical fluid chromatography with triple quadruple mass spectrometry and its application to an oral bioavailability study. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:697-702. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang PR China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang PR China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang PR China
| | - Bei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang PR China
| | - Juanhang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang PR China
| | - Xianglin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang PR China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang PR China
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Buzatto AZ, de Sousa AC, Guedes SF, Cieslarová Z, Simionato AVC. Metabolomic investigation of human diseases biomarkers by CE and LC coupled to MS. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1285-307. [PMID: 24375663 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one of the most recent trends in the "omics" era that investigates the end products of an organism activity, that is, all metabolites in a biological system, which are small molecules (less than 1000 Da) from different chemical classes. Metabolomics represents a tool to assess the biochemical activity of a living system through the analysis of substrates and products processed during the metabolism. The analysis of the metabolic profile (nontargeted analysis, i.e. a comparison between samples profiles of individuals) and of specific metabolites (targeted analysis, which quantifies a selected group of metabolites) in biological samples provides an insight into the metabolic state and the biochemical processes of the organism and, therefore, may indicate the onset and the stage of different diseases. An early and accurate diagnosis is essential for successful treatment and probable cure of most illnesses; hence, the investigation of metabolites as disease biomarkers has increased considerably in recent years. This review aims to present the most relevant works that address the nontargeted and targeted analysis of metabolites in different diseases for the past 10 years, including kidney and neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, using CE and LC coupled with the accurate detection of mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Z Buzatto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
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Diao X, Pang X, Xie C, Guo Z, Zhong D, Chen X. Bioactivation of 3-n-Butylphthalide via Sulfation of Its Major Metabolite 3-Hydroxy-NBP: Mediated Mainly by Sulfotransferase 1A1. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:774-81. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.056218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Diao X, Ma Z, Lei P, Zhong D, Zhang Y, Chen X. Enantioselective determination of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in human plasma by liquid chromatography on a teicoplanin-based chiral column coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 939:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liao C, Chang S, Hu S, Tang Z, Fu G. Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosyluracil in human plasma and application to therapeutic drug monitoring in patient with leukemia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 85:118-22. [PMID: 23933564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A specific and reliable HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of ara-U in human plasma. The analyte was separated on a C18 column (50 mm × 2.1mm, 1.7 μm) and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied for detection. The plasma sample was prepared by a simple protein precipitation pretreatment and the recovery was about 80%. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 1.0-7000.0 ng/mL for ara-U. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 15% and the relative error (RE) was all within ± 15%. It was successfully applied to assess the disposition characteristics of ara-U and support the therapeutic drug monitoring after the patients with leukemia were infused with ara-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrong Liao
- College of Science, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China.
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