1
|
Zöldhegyi A, Horváth K, Kormány R. Revisiting column selectivity choices in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Using multidimensional analytical Design Spaces to identify column equivalency. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464738. [PMID: 38422706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Current guides and column selection system (CSS) platforms can provide some helpful insights with regard to the selection of alternative phases. Their practical reliability however, can also turn out to be questionable, especially considering the lack of detailed specifics, such as a clear definition of points of equivalence-appropriate running conditions under which the given analytical mixture can be satisfactorily resolved on various stationary phases. In this context, the use of multivariate modeling tools can be highly beneficial. These tools, when applied systematically, are ideal for uniquely characterizing complex LC-separation systems, a fact supported by numerous peer-reviewed papers. Revisiting our earlier work [1] and the applied systematic workflow [2], we used a Design Space modeling software (DryLab), with the main focus on building and comparing 3-dimensional separation models of amlodipine and its related impurities to identify shared method conditions under which columns are conveniently interchangeable. Our study comprised 5, C18-modified ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) columns in total, in some cases with surprising results. We identified several equivalences between the Design Spaces (DSs) of markedly different columns. Conversely, there were cases where, despite the predicted similarities in column data, the modeled DSs demonstrated clear differences between the selected stationary phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Zöldhegyi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; Molnár-Institute for Applied Chromatography, Schneeglöckchenstrasse 47, 10407 Berlin, Germany
| | - Krisztián Horváth
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kormány
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Keresztúri út 30-38, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kormány R, Soós B, Horváth K. Updating the European Pharmacopoeia impurity profiling method for cetirizine and suggesting alternative column, using design space comparison. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115776. [PMID: 37862850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to develop a generic workflow to evaluate the chromatographic resolution in a design space and find replacement column for the new method. To attain this objective, a limited number of initial experiments have been performed, and a modeling tool was employed to study and compare design spaces obtained with different columns. By overlaying the different individual resolution maps (design spaces), it is possible to quickly identify a robust zone where the different columns meet a given resolution criterion. This new feature of the modeling tool is very useful for finding alternative columns for a given separation, rather than the usual column tests. It was also demonstrated that two different columns can be used as equivalents (replacement columns), providing sufficient resolution at the same working point and with a high degree of robustness.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nishanth G VV, Spandana T, Sri CD, Nataraj V, Vikram PRH, Gurupadayya BM. Multivariate Optimization for Determination of Favipiravir, a SARS-CoV-2 Molecule, by the Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Method Using a QbD Approach. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:750-757. [PMID: 35653716 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The object of the analytical work is to develop an analytical multivariate optimization for the determination of Favipiravir (FAV), a SARS-CoV-2 molecule, by the reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method using the analytical quality by design approach. FAV is used as an antiviral drug. Box-Behnken design is utilized for the optimization of the experiment and to identify the critical method parameters like the volume of acetonitrile, temperature and flow rate. Further, these factors are used to design the suitable mathematical models and illustrate their effect on various responses. This newly developed method utilized C18 column (5μm, 100 × 4.6 mm) and a temperature of 40°C with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The mobile phase is composed of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4), in the ratio of 20:80v/v and the wavelength of HPLC UV-Detector was fixed to 323nm. This method is validated according to International Council for Harmonization Q2 (R1) guidelines. The System suitability is performed and the retention time of Favipiravir is 3.4min. The linearity range is obtained at 0.062 - 4 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.9979). The recovery is found to be in the range of 98.84-100%. Thus, the intended method is found to be simple and robust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Nishanth G
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Tatineni Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Chiriki Devi Sri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Varshini Nataraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - P R Hemanth Vikram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - B M Gurupadayya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis, Isolation, Identification and Characterization of a Drug-Excipient Interaction Degradation Impurity in Pramipexole by HPLC, LC/MS and NMR. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug-excipient interaction impurity associated with the degradation process of pramipexole was isolated. The impurity was detected during the stability study of pramipexole extended-release tablets. It was found at a relative retention time of 0.88 with respect to pramipexole, using the pramipexole gradient HPLC-UV detection method described in the USP. The structure of the impurity was identified and fully characterized using high resolution mass spectrometry, IR and NMR techniques, as presented herein. The degradation impurity was identified as (S)-N2-(methoxymethyl)-N6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine. The drug-excipient interaction mechanism of its formation was proposed. An efficient and straightforward synthetic approach was developed to prepare the degradation impurity to confirm its proposed degradation pathway and structure.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sobiech M, Giebułtowicz J, Woźnica M, Jaworski I, Luliński P. Theoretical and experimental model of molecularly imprinted polymer surface microenvironment for selective stationary phase – Exemplary of S-pramipexole for potential pharmaceutical analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
6
|
Tiwari R, Kumar A, Solanki P, Dhobi M, Sundaresan V, Kalaiselvan V, Raghuvanshi RS. Analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) guided development of a robust HPLC method for the quantification of plumbagin from Plumbago species. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1973027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Tiwari
- Phytopharmaceuticals Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Phytopharmaceuticals Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pavitra Solanki
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mannochio-Russo H, Bueno PCP, Bauermeister A, de Almeida RF, Dorrestein PC, Cavalheiro AJ, Bolzani VS. Can Statistical Evaluation Tools for Chromatographic Method Development Assist in the Natural Products Workflow? A Case Study on Selected Species of the Plant Family Malpighiaceae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3239-3249. [PMID: 33196207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proper chromatographic methods may reduce the challenges inherent in analyzing natural product extracts, especially when utilizing hyphenated detection techniques involving mass spectrometry. As there are many variations one can introduce during chromatographic method development, this can become a daunting and time-consuming task. To reduce the number of runs and time needed, the use of instrumental automatization and commercial software to apply Quality by Design and statistical analysis automatically can be a valuable approach to investigate complex matrices. To evaluate this strategy in the natural products workflow, a mixture of nine species from the family Malpighiaceae was investigated. By this approach, the entire data collection and method development procedure (comprising screening, optimization, and robustness simulation) was accomplished in only 4 days, resulting in very low limits of detection and quantification. The analysis of the individual extracts also proved the efficiency of the use of a mixture of extracts for this workflow. Molecular networking and library searches were used to annotate a total of 61 compounds, including O-glycosylated flavonoids, C-glycosylated flavonoids, quinic/shikimic acid derivatives, sterols, and other phenols, which were efficiently separated by the method developed. These results support the potential of statistical tools for chromatographic method optimization as an efficient approach to reduce time and maximize resources, such as solvents, to get proper chromatographic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mannochio-Russo
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-901, Araraquara, SP Brazil
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paula Carolina P Bueno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anelize Bauermeister
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Rafael Felipe de Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lamol Lab, Feira de Santana State University (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alberto José Cavalheiro
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-901, Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Vanderlan S Bolzani
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-901, Araraquara, SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jayaraman K, Rajendran AK, Kumar GS, Bhutani H. A methodology employing retention modeling for achieving control space in liquid chromatography method development using quality by design approach. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461658. [PMID: 33333351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the application of retention modeling and quality by design practices for reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method development of a new chemical entity. Prior to the retention modeling, preliminary screening experiments were performed for the selection of stationary phase, organic modifiers, and method parameters. Based on the results of preliminary method conditions, tG-T (gradient time - temperature) 2-D modeling with 4 input runs, and tG-T-tc (gradient time-temperature-ternary composition) 3-D modeling with 12 input runs were designed to build a model for achieving the optimized separation. Modeling of reverse phase separations was based on the measurement of both retention times and peak areas. A design space with appropriate input variables and control strategy was established prior to optimization and robustness evaluation following the quality by design framework. DryLabⓇ was used to predict the optimized gradient profile and separation temperature. The robustness evaluation was carried out using the multiple factors at a time approach and the control space was established. The interdependence of control space and the control strategy was demonstrated by evaluating method robustness using two levels of system suitability criteria. The predictive accuracy of the retention modeling was established through experimental verification of the in-silico predictions. The quality by design based method development approach demonstrated the in-silico optimization as an integral component of reverse-phase chromatographic method development to evaluate the interplay of factors such as organic modifiers, separation temperature and gradient time, which greatly integrated and enhanced method robustness during method development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Jayaraman
- Analytical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Rajendran
- Analytical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Gandhi Santosh Kumar
- Analytical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Hemant Bhutani
- Pharmaceutical Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Bristol Myers Squibb India Private Limited, Bangalore 560099, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Enesei D, Kapui I, Fekete S, Kormány R. Updating the European Pharmacopoeia impurity profiling method for terazosin and suggesting alternative columns. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 187:113371. [PMID: 32460215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This work was motivated by the demand of European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM). A new liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for terazosin impurity profiling to replace the old European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) method. This new method is published as part of the new Ph. Eur. monograph proposal of terazosin in Pharmeuropa issue 32.2. The aim of the method renewal was to cut the analysis time from 90 min (2 × 45 min) down to below 20 min. The Ph. Eur. monograph method is based on two different chromatographic separations to analyze the specified impurities of terazosin. The reason for the two methods is that two of the impurities are not sufficiently retained in reversed phase (RP) conditions, not even with 100% water as eluent. Therefore, next to RP, an ion-pair (IP) chromatographic method has to be applied to analyze those two impurities. With our new proposed method it was possible to appropriately increase the retention of the two critical compounds using alternative stationary phases (instead of a C18 phase which is suggested by the Ph. Eur. method). Applying a pentafluoro-phenyl (PFP) stationary phase, it was feasible to separate and adequately retain all the impurities. The detection wavelength was also changed compared to the Ph. Eur. method and is now appropriate for the detection and quantification of all impurities using perchloric acid in the mobile phase at low pH. Another goal of the present study was to develop a generic workflow and to evaluate the chromatographic resolution in a wide range of method variables and suggest some replacement columns for terazosin impurity profiling. Retention modeling was applied to study the chromatographic behavior of the compounds of interest and visualize resolution for the different columns, where a given criterion is fulfilled. A zone (set of chromatographic conditions) of a robust space could be then quickly identified by the overlay of the individual response surfaces (resolution maps). It was also demonstrated that two columns from different providers (Kinetex F5 and SpeedCore PFP) can be used as replacement columns, providing sufficient resolution at the same working point and a high degree of robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Enesei
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Keresztúri út 30-38, 1106 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Kapui
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Keresztúri út 30-38, 1106 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Róbert Kormány
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Keresztúri út 30-38, 1106 Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schmidtsdorff S, Schmidt AH, Parr MK. Structure assisted impurity profiling for rapid method development in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1577:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Zöldhegyi A, Rieger HJ, Molnár I, Fekhretdinova L. Automated UHPLC separation of 10 pharmaceutical compounds using software-modeling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:379-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
12
|
Shao J, Cao W, Qu H, Pan J, Gong X. A novel quality by design approach for developing an HPLC method to analyze herbal extracts: A case study of sugar content analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198515. [PMID: 29883452 PMCID: PMC5993237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present a novel analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach for developing an HPLC method to analyze herbal extracts. In this approach, critical method attributes (CMAs) and critical method parameters (CMPs) of the analytical method were determined using the same data collected from screening experiments. The HPLC-ELSD method for separation and quantification of sugars in Codonopsis Radix extract (CRE) samples and Astragali Radix extract (ARE) samples was developed as an example method with a novel AQbD approach. Potential CMAs and potential CMPs were found with Analytical Target Profile. After the screening experiments, the retention time of the D-glucose peak of CRE samples, the signal-to-noise ratio of the D-glucose peak of CRE samples, and retention time of the sucrose peak in ARE samples were considered CMAs. The initial and final composition of the mobile phase, flow rate, and column temperature were found to be CMPs using a standard partial regression coefficient method. The probability-based design space was calculated using a Monte-Carlo simulation method and verified by experiments. The optimized method was validated to be accurate and precise, and then it was applied in the analysis of CRE and ARE samples. The present AQbD approach is efficient and suitable for analysis objects with complex compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Shao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyang Pan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingchu Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
‘Quality by Design’ approach for the analysis of impurities in pharmaceutical drug products and drug substances. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Patel KG, Patel AT, Shah PA, Gandhi TR. Multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of aspirin and simvastatin by reverse phase liquid chromatographic method using AQbD approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
A workflow for column interchangeability in liquid chromatography using modeling software and quality-by-design principles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:220-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Simultaneous optimization of pH and binary organic composition by grid form modeling of the retention behavior in reversed-phase ultra high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:251-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Sahu PK, Ramisetti NR, Cecchi T, Swain S, Patro CS, Panda J. An overview of experimental designs in HPLC method development and validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:590-611. [PMID: 28579052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemometric approaches have been increasingly viewed as precious complements to high performance liquid chromatographic practices, since a large number of variables can be simultaneously controlled to achieve the desired separations. Moreover, their applications may efficiently identify and optimize the significant factors to accomplish competent results through limited experimental trials. The present manuscript discusses usefulness of various chemometric approaches in high and ultra performance liquid chromatography for (i) methods development from dissolution studies and sample preparation to detection, considering the progressive substitution of traditional detectors with tandem mass spectrometry instruments and the importance of stability indicating assays (ii) method validation through screening and optimization designs. Choice of appropriate types of experimental designs so as to either screen the most influential factors or optimize the selected factors' combination and the mathematical models in chemometry have been briefly recalled and the advantages of chemometric approaches have been emphasized. The evolution of the design of experiments to the Quality by Design paradigm for method development has been reviewed and the Six Sigma practice as a quality indicator in chromatography has been explained. Chemometric applications and various strategies in chromatographic separations have been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Ramisetti
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Teresa Cecchi
- Chemistry Department, ITT MONTANI, Via Montani 7, 63900, Fermo, FM, Italy.
| | - Suryakanta Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SIMS College of Pharmacy, Mangaladas Nagar, Vijayawada Road, Guntur, 522 001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Patro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jagadeesh Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kormány R, Molnár I, Fekete J. Renewal of an old European Pharmacopoeia method for Terazosin using modeling with mass spectrometric peak tracking. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 135:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Mokhtar HI, Abdel-Salam RA, Hadad GM. Development of a fast high performance liquid chromatographic screening system for eight antidiabetic drugs by an improved methodology of in-silico robustness simulation. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1399:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Pasquini B, Orlandini S, Del Bubba M, Bertol E, Furlanetto S. The successful binomium of multivariate strategies and electrophoresis for the Quality by Design separation of a class of drugs: the case of triptans. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2650-2657. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Pasquini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bertol
- Department of Health Sciences; Forensic Toxicology Division, University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Design Space Calculation by In Silico Robustness Simulation with Modeling Error Propagation in QbD Framework of RP-HPLC Method Development. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Vemić A, Rakić T, Malenović A, Medenica M. Chaotropic salts in liquid chromatographic method development for the determination of pramipexole and its impurities following quality-by-design principles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Quality by design in the chiral separation strategy for the determination of enantiomeric impurities: development of a capillary electrophoresis method based on dual cyclodextrin systems for the analysis of levosulpiride. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1380:177-85. [PMID: 25582483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quality by design (QbD) concepts, in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation Pharmaceutical Development guideline Q8(R2), represent an innovative strategy for the development of analytical methods. In this paper QbD principles have been comprehensively applied in the set-up of a capillary electrophoresis method aimed to quantify enantiomeric impurities. The test compound was the chiral drug substance levosulpiride (S-SUL) and the developed method was intended to be used for routine analysis of the pharmaceutical product. The target of analytical QbD approach is to establish a design space (DS) of critical process parameters (CPPs) where the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the method have been assured to fulfil the desired requirements with a selected probability. QbD can improve the understanding of the enantioseparation process, including both the electrophoretic behavior of enantiomers and their separation, therefore enabling its control. The CQAs were represented by enantioresolution and analysis time. The scouting phase made it possible to select a separation system made by sulfated-β-cyclodextrin and a neutral cyclodextrin, operating in reverse polarity mode. The type of neutral cyclodextrin was included among other CPPs, both instrumental and related to background electrolyte composition, which were evaluated in a screening phase by an asymmetric screening matrix. Response surface methodology was carried out by a Doehlert design and allowed the contour plots to be drawn, highlighting significant interactions between some of the CPPs. DS was defined by applying Monte-Carlo simulations, and corresponded to the following intervals: sulfated-β-cyclodextrin concentration, 9-12 mM; methyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration, 29-38 mM; Britton-Robinson buffer pH, 3.24-3.50; voltage, 12-14 kV. Robustness of the method was examined by a Plackett-Burman matrix and the obtained results, together with system repeatability data, led to define a method control strategy. The method was validated and was finally applied to determine the enantiomeric purity of S-SUL in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Collapse
|
24
|
Orlandini S, Pasquini B, Gotti R, Giuffrida A, Paternostro F, Furlanetto S. Analytical quality by design in the development of a cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis method for the assay of metformin and its related substances. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2538-45. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff,”; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Benedetta Pasquini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff,”; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuffrida
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging; National Research Council (CNR); Catania Italy
| | | | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff,”; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| |
Collapse
|