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Asokan K, Hussain AZ, Gattu RK, Ilangovan A. Minor limonoid constituents from Swietenia macrophylla by simultaneous isolation using supercritical fluid chromatography and their biological activities. RSC Adv 2024; 14:26637-26647. [PMID: 39175675 PMCID: PMC11339773 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03663h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports simultaneous isolation of three new limonoids (1-3), six known regio isomers (6, 7, 9-12), and three more known limonoids (4, 5, 8) from Swietenia macrophylla (S. macrophylla) seeds. Structures of these compounds were determined via extensive study of their 1D/2D-NMR and mass spectral data. Known limonoids (4-12) were identified by comparing their physical and spectroscopic data with literature values. A novel environmentally friendly supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) technique facilitated simultaneous and rapid separation of these compounds. The pharmacological activities of the new limonoids were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiravan Asokan
- Aragen Life Sciences Pvt Ltd Bengaluru-562106 India
- Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu-620020 India
| | - A Zahir Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu-620020 India
| | | | - Andivelu Ilangovan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu-620024 India
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Ge D, Yang J, Yu Z, Lu J, Chen Y, Jin Y, Ke Y, Fu Q, Liang X. Synthesis and evaluation of aromatic stationary phases based on linear solvation energy relationship model for expanded application in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1716:464640. [PMID: 38219626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, the separation application based on aromatic stationary phases has been demonstrated in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In this paper, four aromatic stationary phases involving aniline (S-aniline), 1-aminonaphthalene (S-1-ami-naph), 1-aminoanthracene (S-1-ami-anth) and 1-aminopyrene (S-1-ami-py) were synthesized based on full porous particles (FPP) silica, which were not end-capped for providing extra electrostatic interaction. Retention mechanism of these phases in SFC was investigated using a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model. The aromatic stationary phases with five positive parameters (a, b, s, e and d+) can provide hydrogen bonding, π-π, dipole-dipole and cation exchange interactions, which belong to the moderate polar phases. The LSER results obtained using routine test solutes demonstrated that the aforementioned interactions of four aromatic stationary phases were influenced by the type and bonding density of the ligand, but to a certain extent. Furthermore, the LSER data verified that the S-1-ami-anth column based on full porous particles silica had higher cation exchange capacity (d+ value), compared to the commercialized 1-AA column (based on the ethylene-bridged hybrid particles). The relationship between the d+ value and SFC additive was quantitatively proved so as to regulate electrostatic interaction reasonably. This value was greatly increased by phosphoric acid, slightly increased by trifluoroacetic acid and formic acid, but significantly reduced by ammonium formate and diethylamine. Taking the S-1-ami-naph column as an example, better peek shape of the flavonoids was obtained after the addition of 0.1 % phosphoric acid in MeOH while isoquinoline alkaloids were eluted successfully within 11 min after adding 0.1 % diethylamine in MeOH. Combined with the unique π-π interaction and controllable electrostatic interaction, the aromatic stationary phases in this study have been proven to have expandable application potential in SFC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zimo Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Key Lab of Natural Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
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Hayashida M, Suzuki R, Horie S, Masuda J, Yamaguchi T, Obika S. Applicability of supercritical fluid chromatography for oligonucleotide analysis: A proof-of-concept study. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464333. [PMID: 37660558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the suitability of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for oligonucleotide analysis using 4-mer oligonucleotides with various phosphorothioate (PS) contents as model compounds. Column screening showed that the diol-modified column was able to separate sequences with different PS contents. Optimization of the column body and additives allowed us to analyze polar oligonucleotides using SFC. Various sequences were also analyzed using the optimized method. A good peak shape was obtained when the guanine plus cytosine content of the analyte was two or less in the 4-mer oligonucleotides. Furthermore, we found that the retention times of the selected sequences were positively correlated with polar surface areas, indicating that oligonucleotides interact with polar stationary phases. In contrast, more hydrophobic full PS sequences were retained more strongly in the diol column than the full phosphodiester (PO) sequences. This suggests that the diol column has unique selectivity for PO and PS linkages. These results indicate that SFC is potentially applicable to oligonucleotide analysis with a separation mechanism that is different from that of ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Hayashida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Shimadzu Analytical Innovation Research Laboratories, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Risa Suzuki
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Horie
- Shimadzu Analytical Innovation Research Laboratories, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan; Shimadzu Europa GmbH, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, Duisburg 47269, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Junichi Masuda
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Takao Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Advanced Development of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Herbal Medicine Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134159. [PMID: 35807405 PMCID: PMC9268462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge in the analysis of herbal components lies in their variety and complexity. Therefore, efficient analytical tools for the separation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of multi-components are essential. In recent years, various emerging analytical techniques have offered significant support for complicated component analysis, with breakthroughs in selectivity, sensitivity, and rapid analysis. Among these techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has attracted much attention because of its high column efficiency and environmental protection. SFC can be used to analyze a wide range of compounds, including non-polar and polar compounds, making it a prominent analytical platform. The applicability of SFC for the separation and determination of natural products in herbal medicines is overviewed in this article. The range of applications was expanded through the selection and optimization of stationary phases and mobile phases. We also focus on the two-dimensional SFC analysis. This paper provides new insight into SFC method development for herbal medicine analysis.
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Arias J, Martínez J, Stashenko E, del Valle JM, de la Fuente JC. Supercritical CO2 extraction of pinocembrin from Lippia origanoides distillation residues. 1. Multicomponent solubility and equilibrium partition. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhu J, Cheng H, Zhou M, Li S, Tang T, Feng J. Determining three isoflavones from Pueraria lobata using magnetic ZIF-8 nanoparticle-based solid-phase extraction and pressurized capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114592. [PMID: 35202945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, magnetic functionalized ZIF-8 nanoparticles were prepared by electrostatic self-assembly using magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as cores and ZIF-8 as shells. ZIF-8 was used as the adsorbent to efficiently extract and sensitively analyze isoflavones due to its positive charge and strong adsorption capacity. Prepared samples were investigated by SEM and TEM, BET and ζ-potential analyses, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder XRD, and vibrating sample magnetism (VSM) experiments. The synthesized ZIF-8 has a dodecahedral structure that adsorbs well. Magnetic functionalized ZIF-8/Fe3O4 @SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared as a new SPE adsorbent, and a magnetic ZIF-8-pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) method was developed to separate and detect puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein (isoflavones) from Pueraria lobata by optimizing the extraction conditions, including adsorbent dosage, salt concentration, extraction time, desorption conditions, and other parameters. The developed method exhibited good linearities in the 50-2000 μg/mL concentration range for the three isoflavones, with coefficients of determination of 0.9934-0.9962. The limits of detection (LODs) for puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein were determined to be 0.02, 0.03, and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. All analytes showed average recoveries in the 98.5-100.3% range, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) of less than 4.0%. The developed method is convenient, enriches effectively, and shows good applications prospects for separating and analyzing components in Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, School of Medicine/ College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, School of Medicine/ College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Menglin Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, School of Medicine/ College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shiying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, School of Medicine/ College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tingfan Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, School of Medicine/ College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, School of Medicine/ College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, P. R. China.
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Ganzera M, Zwerger M. Analysis of natural products by SFC – Applications from 2015 to 2021. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Lesellier E, West C. Supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of natural dyes: From carotenoids to flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:382-393. [PMID: 34633729 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural dyes are used in a variety of formulated products, from food to cosmetics and pharmaceutics. In addition to their color, they also provide some bioactivity. While they are mostly analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography was also employed for several dye families, mostly for carotenoids and chlorophylls, and more recently for anthraquinones and flavonoids. These supercritical fluid chromatography methods are described in this review. Because the dyes have different structures and structural variations (polarity, isomers, etc.), the best chromatographic system to achieve their separation is not always the same. Hydrophobic stationary phases are preferred for the most hydrophobic dyes (chlorophylls and carotenoids) while polar stationary phases are preferred for the polar dyes (anthraquinones and flavonoids). Regarding the mobile phase composition, chlorophylls and carotenoids are best eluted with moderate proportions of co-solvent in CO2 (about 40%), while the most polar glycosylated flavonoids require higher proportions of co-solvent and acidic additives. Because dyes are colorful, ultraviolet-visible detection is often sufficient, while mass spectrometry offers additional structural information. Furthermore, fundamental information can also be gained through chromatographic analysis of dyes: either solubility in supercritical fluids, in view of their extraction, or retention behavior providing an understanding of stationary phase properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lesellier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche, 7311, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Caroline West
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche, 7311, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
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Martins CM, Ferro DM, de Brito ES, Ferreira SRS. Industrial relevance of Tamarindus indica L. by-products as source of valuable active metabolites. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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10
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Bian Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Feng XS. Progress in the Pretreatment and Analysis of Flavonoids: An Update since 2013. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2020.1801469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Analysis of flavonoids with unified chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-method development and application to compounds of pharmaceutical and cosmetic interest. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6595-6609. [PMID: 32651647 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this project, we aimed at analysing flavonoid-type compounds with unified chromatography (joining supercritical fluid chromatography and enhanced fluidity liquid chromatography with carbon dioxide-methanol mobile phases covering a wide range of compositions) and diode-array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (UC-DAD-ESI-MS). First, the chromatographic method was developed for 9 standard flavonoid molecules from three different families (flavanols, flavanones and flavonols, glycosylated or not), with a strong focus on mobile phase composition to achieve the elution of a wide range of flavonoids with good chromatographic quality (efficiency and resolution). For this purpose, two stationary phases were selected (ACQUITY UPC2 DEA and Diol), and five different additives (formic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid and ammonium hydroxide) were successively introduced in the methanol co-solvent. The composition containing 0.1% methanesulfonic acid in methanol was retained as it provided the best chromatographic quality together with the possibility of hyphenating the chromatography to mass spectrometry. The DEA column appeared to provide the best efficiency and was retained for further method development. The gradient method was then optimized to achieve a fast analysis, which involved elution with a wide range of mobile phase composition (from 20 to 100% co-solvent in methanol) together with reversed flow rate and reversed pressure gradients at fixed temperature. The final gradient lasted 10 min, followed by 2.5 min of re-equilibration. Then, ESI-MS detection was optimized. Because the single-quadrupole mass spectrometer employed (ACQUITY UPC2 QDa) allowed the variation of only a few parameters, a design of experiments was used to define the best compromise for three parameters (probe temperature, cone voltage and capillary voltage). The make-up fluid introduced before entering the MS was also varied: different compositions of methanol-water containing either formic acid, ammonium hydroxide or sodium chloride were tested. The best results in terms of signal-to-noise ratio were obtained with methanol containing 20 mM ammonium hydroxide and 2% water. The optimal UC-DAD-ESI-MS method was then applied to two different flavonoid formulation ingredients. The first one, hidrosmin (5-O-(β-hydroxyethyl)diosmin), is known for its vasoprotective properties and therefore employed in pharmaceutical formulations. The second one, α-glucosyl-hesperidin (sometimes referred to as vitamin P), is employed in cosmetic formulations. Identification of the major compounds in each sample was achieved with the help of MS detection. Graphical abstract.
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Onay S, Hofer S, Ganzera M. Rapid analysis of nine lignans in Schisandra chinensis by supercritical fluid chromatography using diode array and mass spectrometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of plant constituents called phenolic compounds and correspond to the nonenergy part of the human diet. Flavonoids are found in vegetables, seeds, fruits, and beverages such as wine and beer. Over 7000 flavonoids have been identified and they have been considered substances with a beneficial action on human health, particularly of multiple positive effects because of their antioxidant and free radical scavenging action. Although several studies indicate that some flavonoids have provident actions, they occur only at high doses, confirming in most investigations the existence of anti-inflammatory effects, antiviral or anti-allergic, and their protective role against cardiovascular disease, cancer, and various pathologies. Flavonoids are generally removed by chemical methods using solvents and traditional processes, which besides being expensive, involve long periods of time and affect the bioactivity of such compounds. Recently, efforts to develop biotechnological strategies to reduce or eliminate the use of toxic solvents have been reported, reducing processing time and maintaining the bioactivity of the compounds. In this paper, we review, analyze, and discuss methodologies for biotechnological recovery/extraction of flavonoids from agro-industrial residues, describing the advances and challenges in the topic.
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Usual, unusual and unbelievable retention behavior in achiral supercritical fluid chromatography: Review and discussion. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Gibitz-Eisath N, Eichberger M, Gruber R, Seger C, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Towards eco-friendly secondary plant metabolite quantitation: Ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography applied to common vervain (Verbena officinalis L.). J Sep Sci 2019; 43:829-838. [PMID: 31769179 PMCID: PMC7160600 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This report presents the first ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography diode array detector based assay for simultaneous determination of iridoid glucosides, flavonoid glucuronides, and phenylpropanoid glycosides in Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) extracts. Separation of the key metabolites was achieved in less than 7 min on an Acquity UPC2 Torus Diol column using a mobile phase gradient comprising subcritical carbon dioxide and methanol with 0.15% phosphoric acid. Method validation for seven selected marker compounds (hastatoside, verbenalin, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucuronide, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucuronide, apigenin‐7‐O‐diglucuronide, verbascoside, and luteolin‐7‐O‐diglucuronide) confirmed the assay to be sensitive, linear, precise, and accurate. Head‐to‐head comparison to an ultra high performance liquid chromatography comparator assay did prove the high orthogonality of the methods. Quantitative result equivalence was evaluated by Passing‐Bablok‐correlation and Bland‐Altman‐plot analysis. This cross‐validation revealed, that one of the investigated marker compound peaks was contaminated in the ultra high performance liquid chromatography assay by a structurally related congener. Taken together, it was proven that the ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography instrument setup with its orthogonal selectivity is a true alternative to conventional reversed phase liquid chromatography in quantitative secondary metabolite analysis. For regulatory purposes, assay cross‐validation with highly orthogonal methods seems a viable approach to avoid analyte overestimation due to coeluting, analytically indistinguishable contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gibitz-Eisath
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Eichberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Regina Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Seger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Risch Laboratory Group, Buchs, SG, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Sturm
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Jiang ZM, wang LJ, Liu WJ, Wang HY, Xiao PT, Zhou P, Bi ZM, Liu EH. Development and validation of a supercritical fluid chromatography method for fast analysis of six flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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An analytical strategy for accurate, rapid and sensitive quantitative analysis of isoflavones in traditional Chinese medicines using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography: Take Radix Puerariae as an example. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1606:460385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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He PX, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Zhang JW, Feng XS. Supercritical fluid chromatography-a technical overview and its applications in medicinal plant analysis: an update covering 2012-2018. Analyst 2019; 144:5324-5352. [PMID: 31348475 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00826h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants with complex matrices are endowed with a wide scope of biological activities. The separation, quantification, characterization and purification of bioactive components from herbal medicine extracts have always challenged analysts. Fortunately, the advancement of various emerging techniques has provided potent support for improving the method selectivity, sensitivity and run speeds in medicinal plant analyses. In recent years, the advent of new-generation supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) instruments and a wide diversity of column chemistries, coupled with the intrinsic technical features of SFC, have made it an alternative and prominent analytical platform in the medicinal plant research area. This work aims to give a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, technical advancement and investigating parameters of SFC in combination with three prevalent detectors. Moreover, the latest research progress of SFC applications in medicinal plant analyses is illuminated, with focus on herbal medicine-related SFC papers on the analytical and preparative scale that were published during the period of 2012 to December 2018. The most relevant applications were classified based on the constituents to be analysed. As for the respective research cases, analytical protocols and data processing strategies were provided, along with the indicated restrictions or superiority of the method; thus, the current status of SFC in medicinal plant analysis was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xia He
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Al-Maharik N. Isolation of naturally occurring novel isoflavonoids: an update. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1156-1195. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00069g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature concerning the isolation and identification of new naturally occurring isoflavonoids from Leguminosae and non-Leguminous species between 2012–2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Al-Maharik
- Department of Forensic Sciences
- Al Istilal University
- Jericho
- Palestinian Authority
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20
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Fibigr J, Šatínský D, Solich P. Current trends in the analysis and quality control of food supplements based on plant extracts. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1036:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Toribio L, Arranz S, Ares AM, Bernal J. Polymeric stationary phases based on poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(4-vinylpirydine) in the analysis of polyphenols using supercritical fluid chromatography. Application to bee pollen. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:128-136. [PMID: 30150114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new polymer-based stationary phases; DCpak PBT (poly(butylene terephthalate)) and DCpak P4VP (poly(4-vinylpirydine)) were evaluated for the analysis of polyphenols using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The compounds studied included phenolic acids and flavonoids. The different variables that influence the chromatographic separation, such as type and percentage of organic modifier, additive, pressure and temperature were examined. Using the DCpak P4VP column the retention was exceptionally high, obtaining better results with the DCpak PBT column. The separation of nine polyphenols was achieved using a gradient of modifier (methanol with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) from 5 to 50%, a pressure of 150 bar, a temperature of 35 °C and a flow-rate of 2 mL/min. The use of additives was necessary in order to obtain good peak shapes and efficiencies, achieving the best results with trifluoroacetic acid. LODs and LOQs values were lower than 5 μg/mL in all the cases; meanwhile, the %RSD values for method repeatability and inter-day reproducibility were lower than 3% and 10% respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of polyphenols in commercial bee pollen; four compounds, namely cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin and quercetin were identified and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Toribio
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Sandra Arranz
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana M Ares
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Bernal
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, Spain
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22
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Duitama SM, Zurita J, Cordoba D, Duran P, Ilag L, Mejia W. Soy protein supplement intake for 12 months has no effect on sexual maturation and may improve nutritional status in pre-pubertal children. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:997-1004. [PMID: 29779250 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the intake of a soy protein-based supplement (SPS) and its effects on the sexual maturation and nutritional status of prepubertal children who consumed it for a year. METHODS Healthy children (n = 51) were recruited and randomly assigned to consume the lunch fruit juice with (n = 29) or without (n = 22) addition of 45 g of a commercial soy protein-based supplement (SPS) over 12 months. Nutritional assessment including anthropometry (bodyweight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference), body mass index (BMI), upper arm muscle area, arm muscle circumference, upper arm area, upper arm fat area data were derived from measures using usual procedures; age and gender-specific percentiles were used as reference. Sexual maturation was measured by Tanner stage. Isoflavones were quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Height, BMI/age, weight/age and height/age were significantly different (P < 0.05) at 12 months between girls in the control and intervention groups. Statistically significant differences between groups by gender (P < 0.05) were found in boys in the control group for the triceps skinfold thickness and fat area. Nutritional status was adequate according to the World Health Organization parameters. On average, 0.130 mg/kg body weight/day of isoflavones were consumed by children, which did not show significant differences in their sexual maturation. CONCLUSION Consumption of SPS for 12 months did not affect sexual maturation or the onset of puberty in prepubertal boys and girls; however, it may have induced an increase in height, BMI/age, height/age and weight/age of the girls, associated with variations in fat-free mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Duitama
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Javier Zurita
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Cordoba
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Paola Duran
- Cardio Children's Foundation, Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Leopold Ilag
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wilson Mejia
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogota, Colombia
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23
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Shulaev V, Isaac G. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry – A metabolomics perspective. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Separation of Piper kadsura Using Preparative Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Combined with Preparative Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Yashin AY, Yashunskii DB, Vedenin AN, Nifant’ev NE, Nemzer BV, Yashin YI. Chromatographic Determination of Lignans (Antioxidants) in Food Products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481805012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Huang Y, Tang G, Zhang T, Fillet M, Crommen J, Jiang Z. Supercritical fluid chromatography in traditional Chinese medicine analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:65-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/QTOF-MS) for analysis of lignin-derived monomeric compounds in processed lignin samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:7049-7061. [PMID: 29030670 PMCID: PMC5717129 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of lignin to potentially high-value low molecular weight compounds often results in complex mixtures of monomeric and oligomeric compounds. In this study, a method for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 40 lignin-derived compounds using ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/QTOF-MS) has been developed. Seven different columns were explored for maximum selectivity. Makeup solvent composition and ion source settings were optimised using a D-optimal design of experiment (DoE). Differently processed lignin samples were analysed and used for the method validation. The new UHPSFC/QTOF-MS method showed good separation of the 40 compounds within only 6-min retention time, and out of these, 36 showed high ionisation efficiency in negative electrospray ionisation mode. A rapid and selective method for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 40 lignin-derived compounds using ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/QTOF-MS) ![]()
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28
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Yang J, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Sun Q, Liu S, Liu C, Ma B. Separation of furostanol saponins by supercritical fluid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Wu W, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhou W, Cheng Y, Li H, Zhang C, Li L, Huang Y, Zhang F. Simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly method for the separation of isoflavones using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2827-2837. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
- School of Pharmacy; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Hanqiu Wu
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Weie Zhou
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Hongna Li
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Chuanbin Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Lulu Li
- School of Pharmacy; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmacy; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
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30
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Development and validation of a fast SFC method for the analysis of flavonoids in plant extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:384-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Qin X, Wang Y, Li A, Sun A, Yu L, Liu R. Separation and purification of six components from the roots ofRheum officinaleBaill. by supercritical fluid chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1295389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yancui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ailing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Linlin Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Renmin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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32
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Antonio AL, Pereira E, Pinela J, Heleno S, Pereira C, Ferreira IC. Determination of Antioxidant Compounds in Foodstuff. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119160588.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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33
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Liquid chromatography with absorbance detection and with isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for determination of isoflavones in soy standard reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:949-960. [PMID: 27832301 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two independent analytical approaches, based on liquid chromatography with absorbance detection and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, have been developed for determination of isoflavones in soy materials. These two methods yield comparable results for a variety of soy-based foods and dietary supplements. Four Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) have been produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to assist the food and dietary supplement community in method validation and have been assigned values for isoflavone content using both methods. These SRMs include SRM 3234 Soy Flour, SRM 3236 Soy Protein Isolate, SRM 3237 Soy Protein Concentrate, and SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form. A fifth material, SRM 3235 Soy Milk, was evaluated using the methods and found to be inhomogeneous for isoflavones and unsuitable for value assignment. Graphical Abstract Separation of six isoflavone aglycones and glycosides found in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3236 Soy Protein Isolate.
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34
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Lei P, Jin Z, Liu H, Wang D, Liu D. Molecular dynamics simulation of the key characteristics of the supercritical CO2–pentaerythritol tetraacetate system. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024416120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Sun M, Lidén G, Sandahl M, Turner C. Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography of lignin-derived phenols from alkaline cupric oxide oxidation. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3123-9. [PMID: 27452148 PMCID: PMC5108424 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional chromatographic methods for the analysis of lignin‐derived phenolic compounds in environmental samples are generally time consuming. In this work, an ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method with a diode array detector for the analysis of major lignin‐derived phenolic compounds produced by alkaline cupric oxide oxidation was developed. In an analysis of a collection of 11 representative monomeric lignin phenolic compounds, all compounds were clearly separated within 6 min with excellent peak shapes, with a limit of detection of 0.5–2.5 μM, a limit of quantification of 2.5–5.0 μM, and a dynamic range of 5.0–2.0 mM (R2 > 0.997). The new ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method was also applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lignin‐derived phenolic compounds obtained upon alkaline cupric oxide oxidation of a commercial humic acid. Ten out of the previous eleven model compounds could be quantified in the oxidized humic acid sample. The high separation power and short analysis time obtained demonstrate for the first time that supercritical fluid chromatography is a fast and reliable technique for the analysis of lignin‐derived phenols in complex environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University LTH, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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36
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Xiao W, Zhang Q, Chen C, Zhang QH, Hu YJ, Xia ZN, Yang FQ. Analysis of Eight Isoflavones in Radix Puerariae by MEEKC: Comparison on Three Different Oil Phases. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1678-1686. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Zhu LL, Zhao Y, Xu YW, Sun QL, Sun XG, Kang LP, Yan RY, Zhang J, Liu C, Ma BP. Comparison of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for the separation of spirostanol saponins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Gao W, Dong X, Wang R, Liu XG, Li P, Yang H. The use of ionic liquid as a mobile phase modifier in analytical supercritical fluid chromatography for the separation of flavonoids. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a method that the uses ionic liquids (ILs) as a mobile phase modifier in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for flavonoid aglycone analysis, significantly improving the resolution and changing the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People’s Republic of China
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39
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Andri B, Dispas A, Marini RD, Hubert P. Overview of the Analytical Lifecycle of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2016.71008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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41
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Song W, Qiao X, Liang WF, Ji S, Yang L, Wang Y, Xu YW, Yang Y, Guo DA, Ye M. Efficient separation of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin from turmeric using supercritical fluid chromatography: From analytical to preparative scale. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3450-3. [PMID: 26256681 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the major constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). It has attracted widespread attention for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. The separation of curcumin and its two close analogs, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, has been challenging by conventional techniques. In this study, an environmentally friendly method based on supercritical fluid chromatography was established for the rapid and facile separation of the three curcuminoids directly from the methanol extract of turmeric. The method was first developed and optimized by ultra performance convergence chromatography, and was then scaled up to preparative supercritical fluid chromatography. Eluted with supercritical fluid CO2 containing 8-15% methanol (containing 10 mM oxalic acid) at a flow rate of 80 mL/min, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin could be well separated on a Viridis BEH OBD column (Waters, 250 mm × 19 mm, 5 μm) within 6.5 min. As a result, 20.8 mg of curcumin (97.9% purity), 7.0 mg of demethoxycurcumin (91.1%), and 4.6 mg of bisdemethoxycurcumin (94.8%) were obtained after a single step of supercritical fluid chromatography separation with a mean recovery of 76.6%. Showing obvious advantages in low solvent consumption, large sample loading, and easy solvent removal, supercritical fluid chromatography was proved to be a superior technique for the efficient separation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-fei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-wei Xu
- Waters Corporation, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Waters Corporation, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - De-an Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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42
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Aichner D, Ganzera M. Analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb (Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale) by supercritical fluid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 144:1239-44. [PMID: 26452953 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first report on the separation of five anthraquinones (chrysophanol, physcion, emodin, aloeemodin, and rhein) from rhubarb by supercritical fluid chromatography indicates that this technique is an interesting analytical alternative not just for non-polar substances. Within less than five minutes the compounds could be baseline resolved, using a mobile phase comprising supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol with 0.05% diethylamine. The optimum stationary phase showed to be an Acquity UPC(2) HSS C18 SB 1.8 µm column, operated at a flow rate of 2 ml/min and a temperature of 30 °C. Method validation confirmed that the developed procedure is selective, linear (R(2)≥0.999), accurate (recovery rates: 95.4% to 103.1%), and precise (intra-day≤6.9%, inter-day≤4.7%); the limit of detection was below 0.5 ng on-column. The analysis of plant extracts was feasible with acceptable repeatability (σrel≤3.8%), and it determined 0.3 to 0.7% of free aglyca in the native samples. After hydrolysis according to the European Pharmacopoeia, a rise in the total content up to 2.1% was observed, with rhein being the most dominant derivative in nearly all specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Aichner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Member of CMBI, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Member of CMBI, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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