1
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Perumalsamy H, Xiao X, Kim HY, Yoon TH. scRNA-seq analysis discovered suppression of immunomodulatory dependent inflammatory response in PMBCs exposed to silver nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:118. [PMID: 38494495 PMCID: PMC10946150 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The assessment of AgNPs toxicity in vitro and in vivo models are frequently conflicting and inaccurate. Nevertheless, single cell immunological responses in a heterogenous environment have received little attention. Therefore, in this study, we have performed in-depth analysis which clearly revealed cellular-metal ion association as well as specific immunological response. Our study didn't show significant population differences in PMBC between control and AgNPs group implying no toxicological response. To confirm it further, deep profiling identified differences in subsets and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of monocytes, B cells and T cells. Notably, monocyte subsets showed significant upregulation of metallothionein (MT) gene expression such as MT1G, MT1X, MT1E, MT1A, and MT1F. On the other hand, downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes such as IL1β and CCL3 in both CD16 + and CD16- monocyte subsets were observed. This result indicated that AgNPs association with monocyte subsets de-promoted inflammatory responsive genes suggesting no significant toxicity observed in AgNPs treated group. Other cell types such as B cells and T cells also showed negligible differences in their subsets suggesting no toxicity response. Further, AgNPs treated group showed upregulation of cell proliferation, ribosomal synthesis, downregulation of cytokine release, and T cell differentiation inhibition. Overall, our results conclude that treatment of AgNPs to PMBC cells didn't display immunological related cytotoxicity response and thus motivate researchers to use them actively for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- NGeneS Inc, 362, Gwangdeok 1-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15495, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoon
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Selden CR, Schilling K, Godfrey L, Yee N. Metal-binding amino acid ligands commonly found in metalloproteins differentially fractionate copper isotopes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1902. [PMID: 38253574 PMCID: PMC11229503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a cofactor in numerous key proteins and, thus, an essential element for life. In biological systems, Cu isotope abundances shift with metabolic and homeostatic state. However, the mechanisms underpinning these isotopic shifts remain poorly understood, hampering use of Cu isotopes as biomarkers. Computational predictions suggest that isotope fractionation occurs when proteins bind Cu, with the magnitude of this effect dependent on the identity and arrangement of the coordinating amino acids. This study sought to constrain equilibrium isotope fractionation values for Cu bound by common amino acids at protein metal-binding sites. Free and bound metal ions were separated via Donnan dialysis using a cation-permeable membrane. Isotope ratios of pre- and post-dialysis solutions were measured by MC-ICP-MS following purification. Sulfur ligands (cysteine) preferentially bound the light isotope (63Cu) relative to water (Δ65Cucomplex-free = - 0.48 ± 0.18‰) while oxygen ligands favored the heavy isotope (65Cu; + 0.26 ± 0.04‰ for glutamate and + 0.16 ± 0.10‰ for aspartate). Binding by nitrogen ligands (histidine) imparted no isotope effect (- 0.01 ± 0.04‰). This experimental work unequivocally demonstrates that amino acids differentially fractionate Cu isotopes and supports the hypothesis that metalloprotein biosynthesis affects the distribution of transition metal isotopes in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corday R Selden
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Kathrin Schilling
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Linda Godfrey
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nathan Yee
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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3
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Yuan AT, Stillman MJ. Metallothionein-3 and carbonic anhydrase metalation properties with Zn(II) and Cd(II) change as a result of protein-protein interactions. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad056. [PMID: 37723614 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) are regulators of the metals Zn(II) and Cu(I) and act as antioxidants in many organisms, including in humans. Isoform 3 (MT3) is expressed constitutively in central nervous tissue and has been shown to have additional biological functions, including the inhibition of neuronal growth, the regulation of apoptosis, and cytoskeleton modulation. To facilitate these functions, protein-protein interactions likely occur. These interactions may then impact the metalation status of the MT and the recipient metalloprotein. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy, we report that the interaction between the zinc metalloenzyme, carbonic anhydrase (CA), and MT3, impacts the metalation profiles of both apo-MT3 and apo-CA with Cd(II) and Zn(II). We observe two phases in the metalation of the apo-CA, the first of which is associated with an increased binding affinity of apo-CA for Cd/Zn(II) and the second pathway is associated with apo-CA metalated without a change in binding affinity. The weak interactions that result in this change of binding affinity are not detectable as a protein complex in the ESI-mass spectral data or in the circular dichroism spectra. These unusual metalation properties of apo-CA in the presence of apo-MT3 are evidence of the effects of protein-protein interactions. With adjustment to take into account the interaction of both proteins, we report the complete Cd(II) and Zn(II) binding constants of MT3 under physiological conditions, as well as the pH dependence of these binding pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia T Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Martin J Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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4
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Singh AK, Pomorski A, Wu S, Peris-Díaz MD, Czepczyńska-Krężel H, Krężel A. The connection of α- and β-domains in mammalian metallothionein-2 differentiates Zn(II) binding affinities, affects folding, and determines zinc buffering properties. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad029. [PMID: 37147085 PMCID: PMC10243857 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are small Cys-rich proteins involved in Zn(II) and Cu(I) homeostasis. They bind seven Zn(II) ions in two distinct β- and α-domains, forming Zn3Cys9 and Zn4Cys11 clusters, respectively. After six decades of research, their role in cellular buffering of Zn(II) ions has begun to be understood recently. This is because of different affinities of bound ions and the proteins' coexistence in variously Zn(II)-loaded Zn4-7MT species in the cell. To date, it has remained unclear how these mechanisms of action occur and how the affinities are differentiated despite the Zn(S-Cys)4 coordination environment being the same. Here, we dissect the molecular basis of these phenomena by using several MT2 mutants, hybrid protein, and isolated domains. Through a combination of spectroscopic and stability studies, thiol(ate) reactivity, and steered molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that both protein folding and thermodynamics of Zn(II) ion (un)binding significantly differ between isolated domains and the whole protein. Close proximity reduces the degrees of freedom of separated domains, making them less dynamic. It is caused by the formation of intra- and interdomain electrostatic interactions. The energetic consequence of domains connection has a critical impact on the role of MTs in the cellular environment, where they function not only as a zinc sponge but also as a zinc buffering system keeping free Zn(II) in the right concentrations. Any change of that subtle system affects the folding mechanism, zinc site stabilities, and cellular zinc buffer components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Manuel D Peris-Díaz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hanna Czepczyńska-Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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5
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Construction of a Novel Diagnostic Model Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine and Deep Learning Methods. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:1624580. [PMID: 36873737 PMCID: PMC9981290 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1624580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most general malignant tumors. Ferroptosis, a type of necrotic cell death that is oxidative and iron-dependent, has a strong correlation with the development of tumors and the progression of cancer. The present study was designed to identify potential diagnostic Ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) using machine learning. From GEO datasets, two publicly available gene expression profiles (GSE65372 and GSE84402) from HCC and nontumor tissues were retrieved. The GSE65372 database was used to screen for FRGs with differential expression between HCC cases and nontumor specimens. Following this, a pathway enrichment analysis of FRGs was carried out. In order to locate potential biomarkers, an analysis using the support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) model and the LASSO regression model were carried out. The levels of the novel biomarkers were validated further using data from the GSE84402 dataset and the TCGA datasets. In this study, 40 of 237 FRGs exhibited a dysregulated level between HCC specimens and nontumor specimens from GSE65372, including 27 increased and 13 decreased genes. The results of KEGG assays indicated that the 40 differential expressed FRGs were mainly enriched in the longevity regulating pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, the mTOR signaling pathway, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Subsequently, HSPB1, CDKN2A, LPIN1, MTDH, DCAF7, TRIM26, PIR, BCAT2, EZH2, and ADAMTS13 were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers. ROC assays confirmed the diagnostic value of the new model. The expression of some FRGs among 11 FRGs was further confirmed by the GSE84402 dataset and TCGA datasets. Overall, our findings provided a novel diagnostic model using FRGs. Prior to its application in a clinical context, there is a need for additional research to evaluate the diagnostic value for HCC.
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6
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Xin X, Xu Z, Wei J, Zhang Y. MiR-376a-3p increases cell apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting MT1X. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:234-242. [PMID: 35316152 PMCID: PMC8942499 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2054243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of low-molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins that play vital roles in oxidative stress, metal homeostasis, carcinogenesis and drug resistance. However, few studies have analyzed the roles of MTs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we revealed that the expression of metallothionein1X (MT1X), a main isoform of MTs, was highly expressed and acted as a candidate of prognostic indicator in AML patients. In vitro cell function experiments verified that silencing MT1X inhibited the proliferation of AML cells, sensitized cells to doxorubicin, and increased their apoptosis. We also showed that the downregulation of MT1X expression suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling by reducing p65, p-IκB-α, and downstream effectors. Elevated p65 and MT1X levels were indicators in AML. Moreover, we revealed that miR-376a-3p had binding sites with 3'-UTR of MT1X, suggesting that MT1X was negatively regulated by miR-376a-3p. Cell functional assay results indicated that miR-376a-3p overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, arrested the AML cells in the G0/G1 phase and induced cell apoptosis. The rescue experiments further confirmed that miR-376a-3p could reverse the promotion of MT1X overexpression on the progress of AML cells. Taken together, our results revealed that elevated MT1X expression might be involved in the mechanism underlying AML progression, indicating that the miR-376a/MT1X axis might serve as a promising novel target for the effective treatment of patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangke Xin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Hematology, Xinyang Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xinyang Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Qiao M, Cai H, Zhu Z. Metal-based nano-delivery platform for treating bone disease and regeneration. Front Chem 2022; 10:955993. [PMID: 36017162 PMCID: PMC9395639 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.955993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their excellent characteristics, such as large specific surface area, favorable biosafety, and versatile application, nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in biomedical applications. Among them, metal-based nanomaterials containing various metal elements exhibit significant bone tissue regeneration potential, unique antibacterial properties, and advanced drug delivery functions, thus becoming crucial development platforms for bone tissue engineering and drug therapy for orthopedic diseases. Herein, metal-based drug-loaded nanomaterial platforms are classified and introduced, and the achievable drug-loading methods are comprehensively generalized. Furthermore, their applications in bone tissue engineering, osteoarthritis, orthopedic implant infection, bone tumor, and joint lubrication are reviewed in detail. Finally, the merits and demerits of the current metal-based drug-loaded nanomaterial platforms are critically discussed, and the challenges faced to realize their future applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - He Cai
- *Correspondence: He Cai, ; Zhou Zhu,
| | - Zhou Zhu
- *Correspondence: He Cai, ; Zhou Zhu,
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8
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Metallothionein 2A with Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity Is Upregulated by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081509. [PMID: 36009228 PMCID: PMC9405133 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functions of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) in bladder cancer have not been extensively explored even though metallothioneins are regarded as modulators in several biological regulations including oxidation and cancerous development. We evaluated MT2A in bladder carcinoma cells in terms of the mechanisms of regulation and the underlying functions. MT2A overexpression not only downregulated endogenous ROS but also blocked ROS induced by H2O2. We used the annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay to determine the modulation of H2O2-induced cell apoptosis by MT2A expression. Results of immunoblot and reporter assays indicated that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) treatment induced MT2A and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions; moreover, the involvement of CAPE in either upregulation of the HO-1 expression or downregulation of endogenous ROS is MT2A dependent in bladder carcinoma cells. Knockdown of MT2A increased invasion and cell growth in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic overexpression of MT2A had the reverse effect in bladder carcinoma cells. Unlike bladder cancer tissues, the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed a significant level of MT2A mRNA in the normal bladder tissues. Collectively, our results indicated that MT2A is acting as an antioxidant and also a tumor suppressor in human bladder carcinoma cells.
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9
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Sharma A, Yadav D, Rao P, Sinha S, Goswami D, Rawal RM, Shrivastava N. Identification of potential therapeutic targets associated with diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Mapping of MeLiM melanoma combining ICP-MS and MALDI-MSI methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:583-592. [PMID: 35090942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we developed a powerful tool for comprehensive data collection and mapping of molecular and elemental signatures in the Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipig (MeLiM) model. The combination of different mass spectrometric methods allowed for detail investigation of specific melanoma markers and elements and their spatial distribution in tissue sections. MALDI-MSI combined with HPLC-MS/MS analyses resulted in identification of seven specific proteins, S100A12, CD163, MMP-2, galectin-1, tenascin, resistin and PCNA that were presented in the melanoma signatures. Furthermore, the ICP-MS method allowed for spatial detection of zinc, calcium, copper, and iron elements linked with the allocation of the specific binding proteins.
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11
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Gunn AP, McLean CA, Crouch PJ, Roberts BR. Quantification of metallothionein-III in brain tissues using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114326. [PMID: 34358515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are crucial for metal ion homeostasis in mammalian cells. Specialized mass spectrometry methods have been developed to detect MTs in tissue extracts, though facile methods with scalable throughput are lacking. To improve analytical throughput and repeatability, we developed a standardised liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for robust determination of metallothionein-3 (MT3) that is amenable to microplate processing. This method uses standard protein digestion conditions with commercially available reagents and commonly practiced reversed-phase chromatography, detecting MT3 at low ng/mL levels in human brain tissue extracts. We found that trypsin digestion largely underestimated MT3 levels, whereas endopeptidase Lys-C yielded vastly higher signals with low replicate variance. The choice of target peptide was critical for accurate MT3 detection - a peptide in the α-domain yielded the most robust signals. We demonstrate the utility of this method by comparing the expression of MT3 in post-mortem brain tissues of a cohort of Alzheimer's disease (AD) individuals and age-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Gunn
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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12
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Wishart TFL, Flokis M, Shu DY, Das SJ, Lovicu FJ. Hallmarks of lens aging and cataractogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108709. [PMID: 34339681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lens homeostasis and transparency are dependent on the function and intercellular communication of its epithelia. While the lens epithelium is uniquely equipped with functional repair systems to withstand reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative insult, ROS are not necessarily detrimental to lens cells. Lens aging, and the onset of pathogenesis leading to cataract share an underlying theme; a progressive breakdown of oxidative stress repair systems driving a pro-oxidant shift in the intracellular environment, with cumulative ROS-induced damage to lens cell biomolecules leading to cellular dysfunction and pathology. Here we provide an overview of our current understanding of the sources and essential functions of lens ROS, antioxidative defenses, and changes in the major regulatory systems that serve to maintain the finely tuned balance of oxidative signaling vs. oxidative stress in lens cells. Age-related breakdown of these redox homeostasis systems in the lens leads to the onset of cataractogenesis. We propose eight candidate hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging and cataractogenesis in the mammalian lens: oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated ion homeostasis, cell senescence, genomic instability and intrinsic apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Flokis
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daisy Y Shu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon J Das
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Pabis K, Chiari Y, Sala C, Straka E, Giacconi R, Provinciali M, Li X, Brown-Borg H, Nowikovsky K, Valencak TG, Gundacker C, Garagnani P, Malavolta M. Elevated metallothionein expression in long-lived species mediates the influence of cadmium accumulation on aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:1975-1993. [PMID: 34117600 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulates with aging and is elevated in long-lived species. Metallothioneins (MTs), small cysteine-rich proteins involved in metal homeostasis and Cd detoxification, are known to be related to longevity. However, the relationship between Cd accumulation, the role of MTs, and aging is currently unclear. Specifically, we do not know if long-lived species evolved an efficient metal stress response by upregulating their MT levels to reduce the toxic effects of environmental pollutants, such as Cd, that accumulate over their longer life span. It is also unknown if the number of MT genes, their expression, or both protect the organisms from potentially damaging effects during aging. To address these questions, we reanalyzed several cross-species studies and obtained data on MT expression and Cd accumulation in long-lived mouse models. We confirmed a relationship between species maximum life span in captive mammals and their Cd content in liver and kidney. We found that although the number of MT genes does not affect longevity, gene expression and protein amount of specific MT paralogs are strongly related to life span in mammals. MT expression rather than gene number may influence the high Cd levels and longevity of some species. In support of this, we found that overexpression of MT-1 accelerated Cd accumulation in mice and that tissue Cd was higher in long-lived mouse strains with high MT expression. We conclude that long-lived species have evolved a more efficient stress response by upregulating the expression of MT genes in presence of Cd, which contributes to elevated tissue Cd levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Pabis
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090, Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ylenia Chiari
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Claudia Sala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Straka
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090, Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Xinna Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Holly Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa G Valencak
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090, Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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14
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Sochorova L, Baron M, Dadakova K, Kasparovsky T, Sochor J. Health Beneficial Properties of Grapevine Seed Extract and Its Influence on Selected Biochemical Markers in the Blood, Liver and Kidneys of Rattus norvegicus. Molecules 2021; 26:2099. [PMID: 33917585 PMCID: PMC8038788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs in all areas of the environment, including the food chain. In the body, it causes oxidative stress by producing free radicals that are harmful to the cells. Grape seed extract (GSE) contains a wide range of biologically active components that help to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals. In this study, the effects of GSE prepared form semi-resistant grapevine cultivar Cerason, which is rich in phenolics, on biochemical markers of brown rats exposed to the effects of cadmium were monitored. GSE increased the plasma antioxidant activity and, in the kidneys and the liver, Cd content was significantly lowered by GSE co-administration. Accordingly, the increase in creatinine content and alanine aminotransferase activity and the decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities caused by cadmium were slowed down by GSE co-administration. The results of this work reveal that grape seed extract offers a protective effect against the intake of heavy metals into the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sochorova
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Dadakova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kasparovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
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15
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Portelli SS, Hambly BD, Jeremy RW, Robertson EN. Oxidative stress in genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm: role in pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities. Redox Rep 2021; 26:45-52. [PMID: 33715602 PMCID: PMC7971305 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1899473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The primary objective of this review was to explore the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of genetically-triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Genetically-triggered TAAs manifest substantial variability in onset, progression, and risk of aortic dissection, posing a significant clinical management challenge. There is a need for non-invasive biomarkers that predict the natural course of TAA and therapeutics that prevent aneurysm progression. Methods: An online systematic search was conducted within PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases using keywords including: oxidative stress, ROS, nitrosative stress, genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortic dilatation, aortic dissection, Marfan syndrome, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, familial TAAD, Loeys Dietz syndrome, and Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Results: There is extensive evidence of oxidative stress and ROS imbalance in genetically triggered TAA. Sources of ROS imbalance are variable but include dysregulation of redox mediators leading to either insufficient ROS removal or increased ROS production. Therapeutic exploitation of redox mediators is being explored in other cardiovascular conditions, with potential application to TAA warranting further investigation. Conclusion: Oxidative stress occurs in genetically triggered TAA, but the precise contribution of ROS to pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Further research is required to define causative pathological relationships in order to develop therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie S Portelli
- Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richmond W Jeremy
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth N Robertson
- Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Sekovanić A, Jurasović J, Piasek M. Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphisms in relation to diseases and trace element levels in humans. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:27-47. [PMID: 32597135 PMCID: PMC7837243 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metallothioneins are a superfamily of low molecular weight intracellular proteins, whose synthesis can be induced by essential elements (primarily Zn and Cu), toxic elements and chemical agents, and stress-producing conditions. Of the four known isoforms in the human body MT2 is the most common. The expression of metallothioneins is encoded by a multigene family of linked genes and can be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes. To date, 24 SNPs in the MT2A gene have been identified with the incidence of about 1 % in various population groups, and three of them were shown to affect physiological and pathophysiological processes. This review summarises current knowledge about these three SNPs in the MT2A gene and their associations with element concentrations in the body of healthy and diseased persons. The most investigated SNP is rs28366003 (MT2A -5 A/G). Reports associate it with longevity, cancer (breast, prostate, laryngeal, and in paranasal sinuses), and chronic renal disease. The second most investigated SNP, rs10636 (MT2A +838G/C), is associated with breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Both are also associated with several metal/metalloid concentrations in the organism. The third SNP, rs1610216 (MT2A -209A/G), has been studied for association with type 2 diabetes, cardiomyopathy, hyperglycaemia, and Zn concentrations. Metallothionein concentrations and MT2A polymorphisms have a potential to be used as biomarkers of metal exposure and clinical markers of a number of chronic diseases. This potential needs to be studied and verified in a large number of well-defined groups of participants (several hundreds and thousands) with a focus on particular physiological or pathological condition and taking into consideration other contributing factors, such as environmental exposure and individual genetic and epigenetic makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankica Sekovanić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health,Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health,Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Piasek
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health,Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Blížkovská S. Towards an Understanding of Specific Response of Metallothionein (Sub)Isoforms to Exposure to Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Hendling M, Barišić I. In-silico Design of DNA Oligonucleotides: Challenges and Approaches. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1056-1065. [PMID: 31452858 PMCID: PMC6700205 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA oligonucleotides are essential components of a high number of technologies in molecular biology. The key event of each oligonucleotide-based assay is the specific binding between oligonucleotides and their target DNA. However, single-stranded DNA molecules also tend to bind to unintended targets or themselves. The probability of such unspecific binding increases with the complexity of an assay. Therefore, accurate data management and design workflows are necessary to optimize the in-silico design of primers and probes. Important considerations concerning computational infrastructure and run time need to be made for both data management and the design process. Data retrieval, data updates, storage, filtering and analysis are the main parts of a sequence data management system. Each part needs to be well-implemented as the resulting sequences form the basis for the oligonucleotide design. Important key features, such as the oligonucleotide length, melting temperature, secondary structures and primer dimer formation, as well as the specificity, should be considered for the in-silico selection of oligonucleotides. The development of an efficient oligonucleotide design workflow demands the right balance between the precision of the applied computer models, the general expenditure of time, and computational workload. This paper gives an overview of important parameters during the design process, starting from the data retrieval, up to the design parameters for optimized oligonucleotide design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hendling
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Copper Isotope Compositions of Superoxide Dismutase and Metallothionein from Post-Mortem Human Frontal Cortex. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7070086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural copper isotopic compositions of superoxide dismutase and metallothionein from six post-mortem human frontal cortices were determined using a combination of size exclusion protein liquid chromatography, followed by anion exchange chromatography and multiple collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Superoxide dismutase was enriched in the heavier 65Cu relative to the metallothionein fraction in all specimen pairs. The isotopic compositions were independent of copper content. This finding provides evidence that nitrogen ligands in protein copper binding sites will be enriched in heavy metal isotopes, and sulphur ligands will preferentially incorporate lighter isotopes in vivo. This in turn has implications for understanding isotopic distributions within different components in the body and the dominant ligands in different tissues. Differences in Cu isotope distributions between the two proteins were seen between Alzheimer’s disease and healthy control samples, when normalised for sex.
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21
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Siddiqui S, Singh A, Ali S, Yadav M, Pandey V, Sharma D. Metallothionein: Potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jons.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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22
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Rahman MR, Islam T, Gov E, Turanli B, Gulfidan G, Shahjaman M, Banu NA, Mollah MNH, Arga KY, Moni MA. Identification of Prognostic Biomarker Signatures and Candidate Drugs in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Systems Biology Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55010020. [PMID: 30658502 PMCID: PMC6359148 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world, but early diagnosis ameliorates the survival of CRC. This report aimed to identify molecular biomarker signatures in CRC. Materials and Methods: We analyzed two microarray datasets (GSE35279 and GSE21815) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify mutual differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We integrated DEGs with protein–protein interaction and transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulatory networks to identify reporter signaling and regulatory molecules; utilized functional overrepresentation and pathway enrichment analyses to elucidate their roles in biological processes and molecular pathways; performed survival analyses to evaluate their prognostic performance; and applied drug repositioning analyses through Connectivity Map (CMap) and geneXpharma tools to hypothesize possible drug candidates targeting reporter molecules. Results: A total of 727 upregulated and 99 downregulated DEGs were detected. The PI3K/Akt signaling, Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, and cell cycle were identified as significantly enriched pathways. Ten hub proteins (ADNP, CCND1, CD44, CDK4, CEBPB, CENPA, CENPH, CENPN, MYC, and RFC2), 10 transcription factors (ETS1, ESR1, GATA1, GATA2, GATA3, AR, YBX1, FOXP3, E2F4, and PRDM14) and two microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-193b-3p and miR-615-3p) were detected as reporter molecules. The survival analyses through Kaplan–Meier curves indicated remarkable performance of reporter molecules in the estimation of survival probability in CRC patients. In addition, several drug candidates including anti-neoplastic and immunomodulating agents were repositioned. Conclusions: This study presents biomarker signatures at protein and RNA levels with prognostic capability in CRC. We think that the molecular signatures and candidate drugs presented in this study might be useful in future studies indenting the development of accurate diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker screens and efficient therapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Science, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajgonj-6751, Bangladesh.
| | - Tania Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
| | - Esra Gov
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana-01250, Turkey.
| | - Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul-34722, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul-34700, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul-34722, Turkey.
| | - Md Shahjaman
- Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur-5400, Bangladesh.
| | - Nilufa Akhter Banu
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Nurul Haque Mollah
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul-34722, Turkey.
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Biomedical Science, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Rahman MT, Hossain A, Pin CH, Yahya NA. Zinc and Metallothionein in the Development and Progression of Dental Caries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:51-58. [PMID: 29744817 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oral cavity as well as acidic pH on dental enamel surface due to the metabolic activities of bacterial plaque are the major contributors in the development and progression of dental caries. Along with other factors, deposition or dissolution Ca and Mg mostly determines the re- or demineralization of dental enamel. Zn plays an important role for both Ca and Mg bioavailability in oral cavity. Metallothionein (MT), a group of small molecular weight, cysteine-rich proteins (~ 7 kDa), is commonly induced by ROS, bacterial infection, and Zn. In the current review, we evaluated MT at the junction between the progression of dental caries and its etiologies that are common in MT biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tariqur Rahman
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ashfaque Hossain
- Department Medical Microbiology and Immunology, RAK Medical University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Chew Hooi Pin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azlin Yahya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Mass spectrometric imaging of cysteine rich proteins in human skin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:270-277. [PMID: 30517841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Looking insight pathological processes, metallothioneins (MTs) are considered to be potential biomarkers for monitoring of a development of various types of diseases, such as cancer. The early identification of the MTs in biological tissues could be important tool for the estimation of appropriate clinical therapy. Therefore, here we investigated the application of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) together with immunohistochemical analyses (IHC) using MT-1/2 antibody for MT detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy specimens of human skin. Principal component analyses revealed differences in the peptide/protein profiles separating healthy skin from the carcinoma specimens. Statistically significant ion peaks at m/z 6038, 6300, 6676, and 7026 were more frequently detected in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and melanoma. Using IHC, we found that MT-1/2 was significantly higher in SCC and melanoma compared to healthy skin. Surprisingly, significantly low levels of MT-1/2 were found in BCC. On one side, the results indicate important role of MTs in melanoma occurrence and progression, as on the second side, there are hidden processes associated with MTs based on differences of the occurrence of the MS peaks, which could be associated with cycling of MTs isoforms.
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25
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Wang L, Xin F, Lin N, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu J. Metallothioneins may be a potential prognostic biomarker for tumors: A Prisma-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13786. [PMID: 30593161 PMCID: PMC6314702 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallothioneins (MTs) were reported to be associated with many kinds of tumors' prognosis, although MTs expression varied greatly among tumors. To assess the prognostic value of Metallothioneins (MTs) in different kinds of tumors, comprehensive literature search was conducted to perform a meta-analysis. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG database and SinoMed database up to December 2017, which was designed to assess the prognostic value of MTs in different kinds of tumors. The main endpoint events were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and its variance were retrieved from the original studies directly or calculated using Engauge Digitizer version 4.1. Random or fixed effects model meta-analysis was employed depending on the heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Begg and Egger tests. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 2843 tumor tissues (1517 were MTs negative/low, and 1326 were MTs high). Results showed that there was significant association between MTs expression and tumors' OS (HR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.34∼1.92, P < .00001). Subgroup analysis showed that high level of MTs expression was associated with prolonged OS in liver cancer (HR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.48∼0.89, P = .007), but it was on the contrary in the tumor of ovary (HR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.01∼2.14, P = .04), bladder (HR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.21∼2.42, P = .002), intestine (HR = 3.13, 95%CI 1.97∼4.97, P < .00001), kidney (HR = 3.31, 95%CI 1.61∼6.79, P = .001). However, there was no significant association between MTs expression and OS in breast (HR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.69∼1.51, P = .93). CONCLUSIONS MTs could be taken as a potential prognostic biomarker for tumors, and uniqueness of MTs prognostic value in liver cancer deserved further study.
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Milosavljevic V, Haddad Y, Moulick A, Buchtelova H, Guran R, Pospisil T, Stokowa-Sołtys K, Heger Z, Richtera L, Kopel P, Adam V. Functional Analysis of Novicidin Peptide: Coordinated Delivery System for Zinc via Schiff Base Ligand. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2954-2969. [PMID: 30086240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novicidin (NVC), is a membrane-penetrating peptide, which forms a stable complex with Zn-Schiff base with interesting antitumor selectivity. We studied NVC derivatives to determine functional roles of key amino acids in toxicity, helicity, and binding of the Zn-Schiff base complex. Trimmed derivatives highlighted the role of peptide length and helicity in toxicity and membrane penetration. The removal of Lys from position 1 and 2 strongly increases the ability to disrupt the membranes. The trimming of the N-terminal residues significantly increases the stability of peptide helicity enhancing penetrating properties. Gly residue derivatives undermined a role of peptide bending in membrane penetration and toxicity. After the substitution of the central Gly derivatives with Ile or Lys, the peptides retained toxicity. These results illustrate the minor role of central helix bending in NVC toxicity. Binding-site-peptide derivatives identified His residue as the sole Zn-Schiff base binding site and eliminated the role of other aromatic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Milosavljevic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Moulick
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Hana Buchtelova
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Roman Guran
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Pospisil
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Faculty of Science, Palacky University , Slechtitelu 241/27 , 783 71 , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Wrocław , Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , 613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
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Lappas M. Expression and regulation of metallothioneins in myometrium and fetal membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13040. [PMID: 30155998 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Metallothioneins (MTs) play important roles in regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormone signaling. These processes play a major role in labor at term and preterm. The aims of this study were to characterize (a) temporal- and labor-associated changes and (b) the effect of pro-inflammatory and pro-labor insults on the expression of MT1 isoforms, MT2A, MT3, and MT4 in fetal membranes and myometrium. METHOD OF STUDY The expression of MTs was assessed in fetal membranes and myometrium from nonlaboring and laboring women at preterm and term by RT-qPCR. Tissue explants were used to assess the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands on the expression of MTs in fetal membranes and myometrium. RESULTS In fetal membranes, the expression of MT1A, MT1E, MT1F, MT1X, and MT2A was higher at term compared with preterm. Preterm labor and preterm histological chorioamnionitis were associated with increased expression of MT1A, MT1G, MT1M, MT1X, MT2A, and MT3. Term labor was associated with increased expression of MT1A, MT1F, MT1X, MT2A, and MT3 in fetal membranes and expression of MT1A, MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1M, MT1X, MT2A, and MT3 in myometrium. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR ligands increased the expression of MT1A, MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MT1X, and MT2A in fetal membranes and myometrium. CONCLUSION Temporal-, labor-, and infection-associated increases in MT1 isoforms, MT2A, and MT3 have been observed in fetal membranes and/or myometrium. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial and viral products increased the expression of MT1 isoforms, MT2A, MT3, and MT4 mRNA expression in fetal membranes and myometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Liu Z, Ye Q, Wu L, Gao F, Xie H, Zhou L, Zheng S, Xu X. Metallothionein 1 family profiling identifies MT1X as a tumor suppressor involved in the progression and metastastatic capacity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1435-1444. [PMID: 29873415 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metallothionein 1 (MT1s) is a family of cysteine-rich proteins with diverse functions such as metal homeostasis, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis. However, its involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains not fully understood. We aimed to explore the contribution of the individual member of MT1s to HCC. Its member mRNA levels were determined in cohort 1 of normal (n = 30), cirrhotic (n = 30), peritumoral (n = 135), and HCC (n = 135). In cohort 1, seven of eight members were down-regulated during the transition from normal liver to HCC, and only MT1G and MT1X were correlated with tumor features and outcomes. The MT1X was selected to be further stained in cohort 2 consisting of a series of liver nodules (15 normal livers, 33 cirrhotic livers, 12 dysplastic nodules, 31 HCC, and 9 HCC metastasis), and in cohort 3 (HCC, n = 85). In cohort 2, MT1X immunoreactivity was reduced in HCC and lost in metastatic HCC and showed good diagnostic performance for HCC (AUC = 0.754, 95%IC = 0.659-0.849). In cohort 3, MT1X expression in peritumoral tissues was independent predictor for HCC (recurrence free survival: HR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.17-0.66; overall survival: HR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.16-0.60). Moreover, we found that ectopic overexpression of MT1X delayed G1/S progression of cell cycle and promoted apoptosis in HCC cells in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis in nude mice in vivo. We further demonstrated that MT1X induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inactivating NF-κB signaling in HCC. In conclusion, MT1X may serve as a candidate of prognostic indicator and inhibits the progression and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianwei Ye
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjiao Wu
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
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Liu B, Yang H, Taher L, Denz A, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C, Weber GF. Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers by Combined mRNA and miRNA Expression Microarray Analysis in Pancreatic Cancer. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:700-714. [PMID: 29631214 PMCID: PMC6154866 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause for cancer-related death, and early diagnosis is one key to improve the survival rate of this disease. Molecular biomarkers are an important method for diagnostic use in pancreatic cancer. We used data from three mRNA microarray datasets and a microRNA dataset (GSE16515, GSE15471, GSE28735, and GSE41372) to identify potential key genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Functional, pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction analyses were performed on common DEGs across all datasets. The target genes of the DEMs were identified. DEMs targets that were also DEGs were further scrutinized using overall survival analysis. A total of 236 DEGs and 21 DEMs were identified. There were a total of four DEGs (ECT2, NR5A2, NRP2, and TGFBI), which were also predicted target genes of DEMs. Overall survival analysis showed that high expression levels of three of these genes (ECT2, NRP2, and TGFBI) were associated with poor overall survival for pancreatic cancer patients. The basic expression of DEGs in pancreas stood lower level in various organ tissues. The expression of ECT2 and NRP2 was higher in different pancreatic cancer cell lines than normal pancreas cell line. Knockout of ECT2 by Crispr Cas9 gene editing system decreased proliferation and migration ability in pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa2. In conclusion, we think that data mining method can do well in biomarker screening, and ECT2 and NRP2 can play as potential biomarker or therapy target by Crispr Cas9 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leila Taher
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Denz
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J. The toxicology of mercury: Current research and emerging trends. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:545-554. [PMID: 28889024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent bio-accumulative toxic metal with unique physicochemical properties of public health concern since their natural and anthropogenic diffusions still induce high risk to human and environmental health. The goal of this review was to analyze scientific literature evaluating the role of global concerns over Hg exposure due to human exposure to ingestion of contaminated seafood (methyl-Hg) as well as elemental Hg levels of dental amalgam fillings (metallic Hg), vaccines (ethyl-Hg) and contaminated water and air (Hg chloride). Mercury has been recognized as a neurotoxicant as well as immunotoxic and designated by the World Health Organization as one of the ten most dangerous chemicals to public health. It has been shown that the half-life of inorganic Hg in human brains is several years to several decades. Mercury occurs in the environment under different chemical forms as elemental Hg (metallic), inorganic and organic Hg. Despite the raising understanding of the Hg toxicokinetics, there is still fully justified to further explore the emerging theories about its bioavailability and adverse effects in humans. In this review, we describe current research and emerging trends in Hg toxicity with the purpose of providing up-to-date information for a better understanding of the kinetics of this metal, presenting comprehensive knowledge on published data analyzing its metabolism, interaction with other metals, distribution, internal doses and targets, and reservoir organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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31
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Krizkova S, Kepinska M, Emri G, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Pokorna P, Heger Z, Adam V. An insight into the complex roles of metallothioneins in malignant diseases with emphasis on (sub)isoforms/isoforms and epigenetics phenomena. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:90-117. [PMID: 28987322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) belong to a group of small cysteine-rich proteins that are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms. The main function of MTs is scavenging of free radicals and detoxification and homeostating of heavy metals. In humans, 16 genes localized on chromosome 16 have been identified to encode four MT isoforms labelled by numbers (MT-1-MT-4). MT-2, MT-3 and MT-4 proteins are encoded by a single gene. MT-1 comprises many (sub)isoforms. The known active MT-1 genes are MT-1A, -1B, -1E, -1F, -1G, -1H, -1M and -1X. The rest of the MT-1 genes (MT-1C, -1D, -1I, -1J and -1L) are pseudogenes. The expression and localization of individual MT (sub)isoforms and pseudogenes vary at intra-cellular level and in individual tissues. Changes in MT expression are associated with the process of carcinogenesis of various types of human malignancies, or with a more aggressive phenotype and therapeutic resistance. Hence, MT (sub)isoform profiling status could be utilized for diagnostics and therapy of tumour diseases. This review aims on a comprehensive summary of methods for analysis of MTs at (sub)isoforms levels, their expression in single tumour diseases and strategies how this knowledge can be utilized in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Krizkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pokorna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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32
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Poon WL, Alenius H, Ndika J, Fortino V, Kolhinen V, Meščeriakovas A, Wang M, Greco D, Lähde A, Jokiniemi J, Lee JCY, El-Nezami H, Karisola P. Nano-sized zinc oxide and silver, but not titanium dioxide, induce innate and adaptive immunity and antiviral response in differentiated THP-1 cells. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:936-951. [PMID: 28958187 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1382600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nano-sized metal oxides are currently the most manufactured nanomaterials (NMs), and are increasingly used in consumer products. Recent exposure data reveal a genuine potential for adverse health outcomes for a vast array of NMs, however the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To elucidate size-related molecular effects, differentiated THP-1 cells were exposed to nano-sized materials (n-TiO2, n-ZnO and n-Ag), or their bulk-sized (b-ZnO and b-TiO2) or ionic (i-Ag) counterparts, and genome-wide gene expression changes were studied at low-toxic concentrations (<15% cytotoxicity). TiO2 materials were nontoxic in MTT assay, inducing only minor transcriptional changes. ZnO and Ag elicited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, wherein ionic and particulate effects were synergistic with respect to n-ZnO-induced cytotoxicity. In gene expression analyzes, 6 h and 24 h samples formed two separate hierarchical clusters. N-ZnO and n-Ag shared only 3.1% and 24.6% differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when compared to corresponding control. All particles, except TiO2, activated various metallothioneins. At 6 h, n-Zn, b-Zn and n-Ag induced various immunity related genes associating to pattern recognition (including toll-like receptor), macrophage maturation, inflammatory response (TNF and IL-1beta), chemotaxis (CXCL8) and leucocyte migration (CXCL2-3 and CXCL14). After 24 h exposure, especially n-Ag induced the expression of genes related to virus recognition and type I interferon responses. These results strongly suggest that in addition to ionic effects mediated by metallothioneins, n-Zn and n-Ag induce expression of genes involved in several innate and adaptive immunity associated pathways, which are known to play crucial role in immuno-regulation. This raises the concern of safe use of metal oxide and metal nanoparticle products, and their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Lam Poon
- a School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Harri Alenius
- b Department of Bacteriology and Immunology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Joseph Ndika
- b Department of Bacteriology and Immunology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Vittorio Fortino
- d Institute of Biotechnology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Vesa Kolhinen
- e Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Arūnas Meščeriakovas
- f Department of Environmental Science , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Mingfu Wang
- a School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Dario Greco
- d Institute of Biotechnology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,g Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Anna Lähde
- f Department of Environmental Science , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- f Department of Environmental Science , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | | | - Hani El-Nezami
- a School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.,h Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- b Department of Bacteriology and Immunology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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Bargagli E, Lavorini F, Pistolesi M, Rosi E, Prasse A, Rota E, Voltolini L. Trace metals in fluids lining the respiratory system of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and diffuse lung diseases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 42:39-44. [PMID: 28595790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis and an undefined etiopathogenesis. Oxidative stress contributes to alveolar injury and fibrosis development and, because transition metals are essential to the functioning of most proteins involved in redox reactions, a better knowledge of metal concentrations and metabolism in the respiratory system of IPF patients may provide a valuable complementary approach to prevent and manage a disease which is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed in later stages. The present review summarizes and discusses literature data on the elemental composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), induced sputum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from patients affected by IPF and healthy subjects. Available data are scanty and the lack of consistent methods for the collection and analysis of lung and airways lining fluids makes it difficult to compare the results of different studies. However, the elemental composition of BAL samples from IPF patients seems to have a specific profile that can be distinguished from that of patients with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD) or control subjects. Suggestions are given towards standard sampling and analytical procedures of BAL samples, in the aim to assess typical element concentration patterns and their potential role as biomarkers of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antje Prasse
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emilia Rota
- Environmental Sciences Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Voltolini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
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34
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Li H, Lu YF, Chen H, Liu J. Dysregulation of metallothionein and circadian genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:192-202. [PMID: 27997226 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1256300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major threat to human health, and disruption of circadian clock genes is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. This study examined the dysregulation of metallothioneins and circadian genes in achieved human HCC (n = 24), peri-HCC tissues (n = 24) as compared with normal human livers (n = 36). Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed. Real-time RT-qPCR was performed to determine the expression of genes of interest. The results demonstrated the downregulation of metallothionein-1 (MT-1), MT-2, and metal transcription factor-1 (MFT-1) in human HCC as compared with Peri-HCC and normal tissues. MTs are a biomarker for HCC and have typical circadian rhythms; the expression of major circadian clock genes was also determined. HCC produced a dramatic decrease in the expression of core clock genes, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) and brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1), and decreased the expression of the clock feedback control genes, Periods (Per1, Per2) and Cryptochromes (Cry1, Cry2). On the other hand, the expression of clock target genes nuclear orphan receptor factor protein (Nr1d1) and D-box-binding protein (Dbp) was upregulated as compared with Peri-HCC and normal livers. Peri-HCC also had mild alterations in these gene expressions. In summary, the present study clearly demonstrated the dysregulation of MTs and circadian clock genes in human HCC, which could provide the information of targeting MT and circadian clock in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- a Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education , Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Yuan-Fu Lu
- a Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education , Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Hong Chen
- b The Institute of Organ Transplantation , The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Liu
- a Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education , Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
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35
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Milosavljevic V, Haddad Y, Merlos Rodrigo MA, Moulick A, Polanska H, Hynek D, Heger Z, Kopel P, Adam V. The Zinc-Schiff Base-Novicidin Complex as a Potential Prostate Cancer Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163983. [PMID: 27727290 PMCID: PMC5058503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells control energy metabolism by chelating intracellular zinc. Thus, zinc delivery has been a popular therapeutic approach for prostate cancer. Here, we propose the use of the membrane-penetrating peptide Novicidin connected to zinc-Schiff base as a carrier vehicle for the delivery of zinc to prostate cells. Mass spectrometry, electrochemistry and spectrophotometry confirmed the formation/stability of this complex and provided insight regarding the availability of zinc for complex interactions. This delivery system showed minor toxicity in normal PNT1A cells and high potency towards PC3 tumor cells. The complex preferentially penetrated PC3 tumor cells in contrast to confinement to the membranes of PNT1A. Furthermore, zinc uptake was confirmed in both cell lines. Molecular analysis was used to confirm the activation of zinc stress (e.g., ZnT-1) and apoptosis (e.g., CASP-1). Our results strongly suggest that the zinc-Schiff base-Novicidin complex has great potential as a novel anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Amitava Moulick
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Hana Polanska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
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36
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Mammalian Metallothionein-2A and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091483. [PMID: 27608012 PMCID: PMC5037761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian metallothionein-2A (MT2A) has received considerable attention in recent years due to its crucial pathophysiological role in anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, detoxification and anti-inflammation. For many years, most studies evaluating the effects of MT2A have focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS), as second messengers that lead to oxidative stress injury of cells and tissues. Recent studies have highlighted that oxidative stress could activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and MT2A, as a mediator of MAPKs, to regulate the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the molecule mechanism of MT2A remains elusive. A deeper understanding of the functional, biochemical and molecular characteristics of MT2A would be identified, in order to bring new opportunities for oxidative stress therapy.
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37
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Fujie T, Murakami M, Yoshida E, Yasuike S, Kimura T, Fujiwara Y, Yamamoto C, Kaji T. Transcriptional Induction of Metallothionein by Tris(pentafluorophenyl)stibane in Cultured Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1381. [PMID: 27563876 PMCID: PMC5037661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells cover the luminal surface of blood vessels and contribute to the prevention of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding, inducible protein, which protects cells from the toxicity of heavy metals and active oxygen species. Endothelial MT is not induced by inorganic zinc. Adequate tools are required to investigate the mechanisms underlying endothelial MT induction. In the present study, we found that an organoantimony compound, tris(pentafluorophenyl)stibane, induces gene expression of MT-1A and MT-2A, which are subisoforms of MT in bovine aortic endothelial cells. The data reveal that MT-1A is induced by activation of both the MTF-1-MRE and Nrf2-ARE pathways, whereas MT-2A expression requires only activation of the MTF-1-MRE pathway. The present data suggest that the original role of MT-1 is to protect cells from heavy metal toxicity and oxidative stress in the biological defense system, while that of MT-2 is to regulate intracellular zinc metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Fujie
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Masaki Murakami
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Eiko Yoshida
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Shuji Yasuike
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- Depertment of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanakamachi, Neyagawa 572-8508, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
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