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Kairys V, Baranauskiene L, Kazlauskiene M, Zubrienė A, Petrauskas V, Matulis D, Kazlauskas E. Recent advances in computational and experimental protein-ligand affinity determination techniques. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:649-670. [PMID: 38715415 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2349169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Modern drug discovery revolves around designing ligands that target the chosen biomolecule, typically proteins. For this, the evaluation of affinities of putative ligands is crucial. This has given rise to a multitude of dedicated computational and experimental methods that are constantly being developed and improved. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors reassess both the industry mainstays and the newest trends among the methods for protein - small-molecule affinity determination. They discuss both computational affinity predictions and experimental techniques, describing their basic principles, main limitations, and advantages. Together, this serves as initial guide to the currently most popular and cutting-edge ligand-binding assays employed in rational drug design. EXPERT OPINION The affinity determination methods continue to develop toward miniaturization, high-throughput, and in-cell application. Moreover, the availability of data analysis tools has been constantly increasing. Nevertheless, cross-verification of data using at least two different techniques and careful result interpretation remain of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Kazlauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Hatch A, Hage DS. Analysis of drug interactions with serum proteins and related binding agents by affinity capillary electrophoresis: A review. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2302-2323. [PMID: 36250426 PMCID: PMC10098505 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules such as serum proteins can interact with drugs in the body and influence their pharmaceutical effects. Specific and precise methods that analyze these interactions are critical for drug development or monitoring and for diagnostic purposes. Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is one technique that can be used to examine the binding between drugs and serum proteins, or other agents found in serum or blood. This article will review the basic principles of ACE, along with related affinity-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods, and examine recent developments that have occurred in this field as related to the characterization of drug-protein interactions. An overview will be given of the various formats that can be used in ACE and CE for such work, including the relative advantages or weaknesses of each approach. Various applications of ACE and affinity-based CE methods for the analysis of drug interactions with serum proteins and other binding agents will also be presented. Applications of ACE and related techniques that will be discussed include drug interaction studies with serum agents, chiral drug separations employing serum proteins, and the use of CE in hybrid methods to characterize drug binding with serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Arden Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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3
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Mlčochová H, Ratih R, Michalcová L, Wätzig H, Glatz Z, Stein M. Comparison of mobility shift affinity capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis frontal analysis for binding constant determination between human serum albumin and small drugs. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1724-1734. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mlčochová
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Lower Saxony Germany
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ratih Ratih
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Lower Saxony Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Surabaya Surabaya East Java Indonesia
| | - Lenka Michalcová
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Lower Saxony Germany
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Lower Saxony Germany
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Stein
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Lower Saxony Germany
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4
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Interaction of esomeprazole with insulin detemir and human albumin: A potential cause of hypoglycemia. Biophys Chem 2022; 285:106809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Davoine C, Pardo A, Pochet L, Fillet M. Fragment Hit Discovery and Binding Site Characterization by Indirect Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis: Application to Factor XIIa. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14802-14809. [PMID: 34694784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based lead discovery is a usual strategy in drug discovery to identify innovative lead compounds. The success of this approach strongly relies on the capacity to detect weak binders and characterize their binding site. NMR and X-ray crystallography are the conventional technologies used to tackle this challenge. However, their large protein consumption and the cost of equipment reduce their accessibility. Here, an affinity capillary electrophoresis methodology was developed that enables the detection of mM binders, the determination of dissociation constants, and the characterization of the fragment binding site. On the basis of multiple equilibrium theory, dissociation constants in the μM-mM range were determined, and a new methodology is proposed to establish graphically if two fragments bind the same protein pocket. The applicability of this methodology was demonstrated experimentally on coagulation factor XIIa by evaluating pairs of fragments with expected behavior. This study reinforces the significance of using affinity capillary electrophoresis to gather valuable information for medicinal chemistry projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Davoine
- Namur Medicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC─NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36 Tour 4 +3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alissia Pardo
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36 Tour 4 +3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lionel Pochet
- Namur Medicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC─NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36 Tour 4 +3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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6
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Rozenski J, Asfaw AA, Van Schepdael A. Overview of in-capillary enzymatic reactions using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:57-73. [PMID: 34510496 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the research that has recently been performed on in-capillary enzymatic reactions integrated with capillary electrophoresis. The manuscript is subdivided in homogeneous and heterogeneous approaches. The main homogeneous techniques are Electrophoretically Mediated Microanalysis, At-inlet and Transverse Diffusion of Laminar Flow Profiles. The main heterogeneous ones are Immobilized MicroEnzyme Reactors with enzymes grafted on either non-magnetic or magnetic particles. The overview covers the period from 2018 to early 2021. The applications range from drug discovery over natural products to food, beverage and pesticide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Rozenski
- Department ofPharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adissu Alemayehu Asfaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Soltermann F, Struwe WB, Kukura P. Label-free methods for optical in vitro characterization of protein-protein interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16488-16500. [PMID: 34342317 PMCID: PMC8359934 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are involved in the regulation and function of the majority of cellular processes. As a result, much effort has been aimed at the development of methodologies capable of quantifying protein-protein interactions, with label-free methods being of particular interest due to the associated simplified workflows and minimisation of label-induced perturbations. Here, we review recent advances in optical technologies providing label-free in vitro measurements of affinities and kinetics. We provide an overview and comparison of existing techniques and their principles, discussing advantages, limitations, and recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Soltermann
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordUK
| | - Weston B. Struwe
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordUK
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordUK
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8
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Davoine C, Fillet M, Pochet L. Capillary electrophoresis as a fragment screening tool to cross-validate hits from chromogenic assay: Application to FXIIa. Talanta 2021; 226:122163. [PMID: 33676706 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a partial-filling affinity capillary electrophoresis (pf-ACE) method was developed for the cross-validation of fragment hits revealed by chromogenic factor XIIa (FXIIa) assay. Chromogenic assay produces false positives, mainly due to spectrophotometric interferences and sample purity issues. pf-ACE was selected as counter-screening technology because of its separative character and the fact that the target does not have to be attached or tagged. The effects of protein plug length, applied voltage and composition of the running buffer were examined and optimized. Detection limit in terms of dissociation constant was estimated at 400 μM. The affinity evaluation was performed close to physiological conditions (pH 7.4, ionic strength 0.13 mol L-1) in a poly (ethylene oxide)-coated capillary of 75 μm internal diameter x 33 cm length with an applied voltage of 3 kV. This method uncovered chromogenic assay's false positives due to zinc contamination. Moreover, pf-ACE supported the evaluation of compounds absorbing at 405 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Davoine
- Namur Medicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC - NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium; Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Place du 20 Août 7, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Place du 20 Août 7, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - L Pochet
- Namur Medicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC - NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
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9
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Recent advances in the determination of unbound concentration and plasma protein binding of drugs: Analytical methods. Talanta 2021; 225:122052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Sursyakova VV, Levdansky VA, Rubaylo AI. Determining binding constants for 1:1 and 1:2 inclusion complexes of ester betulin derivatives with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:700-707. [PMID: 33253428 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The complexation of ester betulin derivatives with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was studied by mobility shift affinity CE. Electrophoretic mobility for triangular peaks was calculated using the parameter a1 of the Haarhoff-Van der Linde function instead of the peak top time. Dependences of the viscosity corrected electrophoretic mobility on HP-β-CD concentration were not described on the basis of only complexes with 1:1 stoichiometry due to the fact that these binding curves did not reach a plateau. However, the dependences were well described taking into account both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes. The presence of higher order equilibria was also revealed by x-reciprocal plots. The values of apparent binding constant logarithm, obtained for the first time, for 1:1 and 1:2 HP-β-CD complexes of betulin 3,28-diphthalate and betulin 3,28-disuccinate with 95% confidence interval limits in brackets are the same within error and are equal to 4.85 (4.73-4.95), 8.56 (7.75-8.82), 4.92 (4.86-4.97), and 8.54 (8.23-8.72) at 25°C, respectively. These values for 1:1 and 1:2 HP-β-CD complexes of betulin 3,28-disulfate at 25°C are 4.61 (4.57-4.64) and 7.11 (6.57-7.34), respectively. The binding constants for betulin 3,28-disulfate agree with the previously obtained results from the separation in the thermostatted capillary segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V Sursyakova
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Levdansky
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Rubaylo
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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11
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Ahmed AAEH, Korany MA, Khalil MM. Electrochemical determination of verapamil hydrochloride using carbon nanotubes/TiO2 nanocomposite based potentiometric sensors in surface water and urine samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Arter WE, Levin A, Krainer G, Knowles TPJ. Microfluidic approaches for the analysis of protein-protein interactions in solution. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:575-585. [PMID: 32266673 PMCID: PMC7242286 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration and characterisation of the human proteome is a key objective enabling a heightened understanding of biological function, malfunction and pharmaceutical design. Since proteins typically exhibit their behaviour by binding to other proteins, the challenge of probing protein-protein interactions has been the focus of new and improved experimental approaches. Here, we review recently developed microfluidic techniques for the study and quantification of protein-protein interactions. We focus on methodologies that utilise the inherent strength of microfluidics for the control of mass transport on the micron scale, to facilitate surface and membrane-free interrogation and quantification of interacting proteins. Thus, the microfluidic tools described here provide the capability to yield insights on protein-protein interactions under physiological conditions. We first discuss the defining principles of microfluidics, and methods for the analysis of protein-protein interactions that utilise the diffusion-controlled mixing characteristic of fluids at the microscale. We then describe techniques that employ electrophoretic forces to manipulate and fractionate interacting protein systems for their biophysical characterisation, before discussing strategies that use microdroplet compartmentalisation for the analysis of protein interactions. We conclude by highlighting future directions for the field, such as the integration of microfluidic experiments into high-throughput workflows for the investigation of protein interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Arter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Aviad Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Georg Krainer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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13
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Li M, Shen H, Zhou Z, He W, Su P, Song J, Yang Y. Controllable and high‐performance immobilized enzyme reactor: DNA‐directed immobilization of multienzyme in polyamidoamine dendrimer‐functionalized capillaries. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:335-344. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zixin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenting He
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ping Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing P. R. China
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14
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2017–mid 2019). Electrophoresis 2019; 41:10-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czechia
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15
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Wang QY, Dong X, Yang J, Zhen XT, Ye LH, Chu C, Wang B, Hu YH, Zheng H, Cao J. Solid acids assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction of alkaloids by capillary electrophoresis coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3579-3588. [PMID: 31617304 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of three alkaloids is important because quantitative study is a means of assessing the reliability of the experimental method, and three alkaloids of peimine, peiminine, and peimisine are main active ingredients in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. An effective method based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction was developed for the extraction of alkaloid compounds in Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus. Target analytes were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The optimized experimental condition was that 50 mg Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus was blended homogeneously with 10 mg citric acid for 5 min. Two hundred microliters of water acidized by 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid (pH = 4.5) was selected to elute tested alkaloids. The results demonstrated that the investigated method had low limits of detection (1.32-1.59 ng/mL), good recoveries (86.63-98.12%), and reproducibility (relative standard deviations of peak areas < 0.87%). The proposed matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was successfully applied for the extraction of alkaloids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Wang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Han Hu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Identification of eupatilin and ginkgolide B as p38 ligands from medicinal herbs by surface plasmon resonance biosensor-based active ingredients recognition system. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 171:35-42. [PMID: 30965219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Screening of bioactive ligands for a certain protein target from medicinal herbs is a highly important yet challenging task during drug discovery process. In this study, a surface plasmon resonance biosensor-based active ingredient recognition system (SPR-AIRS) was applied to screen p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) ligands from herbal extracts. After p38 protein was immobilized on a SPR chip and the suitability of SPR-AIRS was validated, thirty-four p38-related medicinal herbs were selected and pre-screened. Two medicinal herbs having high response signal with p38-immobilized chip, Folium Ginkgo and Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, were injected into SPR system for ligand fishing. Among them, two active compounds, eupatilin (EPT) and ginkgolide B (GKB), were identified as p38 ligands, and then the KD values of EPT and GKB were measured as 21.68 ± 2.21 and 44.71 ± 1.80 μM, respectively. They can inhibit p38 activities significantly and bind to the ATP binding site on p38. Furthermore, EPT and GKB can inhibit cell proliferation (IC50 = 30.31 ± 6.84 and 42.97 ± 0.83 μM), induce apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest against K562 cell line. This is the first time that EPT and GKB are reported as effective p38 binding ligands. These results prove that SPR-AIRS could be an effective method to screen active compounds acting on a specific protein from complex systems.
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17
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Schejbal J, Šefraná Š, Řemínek R, Glatz Z. Capillary electrophoresis integrated immobilized enzyme reactor for kinetic and inhibition assays of β-secretase as the Alzheimer's disease drug target. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1067-1076. [PMID: 30663871 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis integrated immobilized enzyme reactors are becoming an increasingly popular alternative for enzyme kinetic and inhibition assays thanks to their unique set of features including cost effectiveness, repeated use of the enzyme, minuscule sample consumption, rapid analysis time and easy automation. In this work we present the development and application of a capillary electrophoresis integrated immobilized enzyme reactor based on magnetic particles for kinetic and inhibition studies of β-secretase, a key enzyme in the development of Alzheimer's disease and a promising drug target. We document the optimization of the immobilization procedure, characterization of immobilized β-secretase, optimization of a mutually compatible incubation protocol and separation method as well as the production of the capillary electrophoresis integrated immobilized enzyme reactor. The applicability of the capillary electrophoresis integrated immobilized enzyme reactor was demonstrated by kinetic assay with an unlabelled substrate and by inhibition assays using three structurally different reference inhibitors. The resulting kinetic and inhibition parameters clearly support the applicability of the herein presented method as well as document the fundamental phenomena which need to be taken in account when comparing the results to other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schejbal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Šefraná
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Řemínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Nys G, Fillet M. Microfluidics contribution to pharmaceutical sciences: From drug discovery to post marketing product management. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:348-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Farcaş E, Pochet L, Fillet M. Transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles as a generic capillary electrophoresis method for in-line nanoreactor mixing: Application to the investigation of antithrombotic activity. Talanta 2018; 188:516-521. [PMID: 30029407 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument was used for the generation of a robust and reliable nanoreactor for enzymatic assays in the context of antithrombotic drug screening. The activity of the screened molecules was monitored in a quick and fully automated fashion using only few nanoliters of reactants. To achieve this goal, the targeted enzyme (thrombin) and the chromogenic substrate with or without the screened inhibitor were injected as separate plugs. The mixing of the reactants was then realized using electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) or fast transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP) procedure. The latest provided better mixing performance and was chosen to investigate the inhibitory potency of a fragment library. This very straightforward and fast CE activity assay showed results in good accordance with a previously developed CE affinity assay that confirms the potential of CE at the early stages of drug discovery, providing not only an efficient nanoscale bioreactor but also a selective and integrated separation device.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farcaş
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - L Pochet
- Namur Medicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC - NARILIS), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - M Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Belgium.
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Olabi M, Stein M, Wätzig H. Affinity capillary electrophoresis for studying interactions in life sciences. Methods 2018; 146:76-92. [PMID: 29753786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) analyzes noncovalent interactions between ligands and analytes based on changes in their electrophoretic mobility. This technique has been widely used to investigate various biomolecules, mainly proteins, polysaccharides and hormones. ACE is becoming a technique of choice to validate high throughput screening results, since it is very predictively working in realistic and relevant media, e.g. in body fluids. It is highly recommended to incorporate ACE as a powerful analytical tool to properly prepare animal testing and preclinical studies. The interacting molecules can be found free in solution or can be immobilized to a solid support. Thus, ACE is classified in two modes, free solution ACE and immobilized ACE. Every ACE mode has advantages and disadvantages. Each can be used for a variety of applications. This review covers literature of scopus and SciFinder data base in the period from 2016 until beginning 2018, including the keywords "affinity capillary electrophoresis", "immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis", "immunoassay capillary electrophoresis" and "immunosorbent capillary electrophoresis". More than 200 articles have been found and 112 have been selected and thoroughly discussed. During this period, the data processing and the underlying calculations in mobility shift ACE (ms ACE), frontal analysis ACE (FA ACE) and plug-plug kinetic capillary electrophoresis (ppKCE) as mostly applied free solution techniques have substantially improved. The range of applications in diverse free solution and immobilized ACE techniques has been considerably broadened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais Olabi
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Stein
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Schejbal J, Glatz Z. Immobilized-enzyme reactors integrated with capillary electrophoresis for pharmaceutical research. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:323-335. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schejbal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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Muhammad S, Xu G, Wei F, Ma Y, Ma Y, Song Y, Shi M, Xu X, Cen Y, Hu Q. Determination of Verapamil HCl in Pharmaceutical Preparations by a Fluorescent Nano Probe Based on CdTe/CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E358. [PMID: 29084166 PMCID: PMC5707575 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An analytical technique based on fluorescence quenching of CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) was developed to quantify verapamil in commercially available preparations. Various reaction parameters were optimized and the method developed was validated. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests at a 5% significance level were performed to justify the significance of the variation in observations. The linear range of the verapamil concentration was 0.25-5 µg/mL while the limit of detection was 20 µg/mL. Recovery and relative standard deviations were not more than ±10% of the actual amount and <5.9%, respectively. Foreign materials, common metal ions and pharmaceutical excipients of dosage forms caused little interference. To verify the application of the analytical method, the quantity of verapamil in commercially available dosage forms was measured. Verapamil content in the tablets and injections was not more than ±10% of the stated amount and it conformed to the specifications of both the British and the United States pharmacopoeias. In the case of statistical analysis, p-value was <0.05 in almost all levels of all parameters except for the optimized level of system. It can be concluded from the results that the designed method is simple, reliable, cost effective, selective, rapid and sensitive enough to be used for quantitative measurement of the verapamil HCl in dosage forms for quality control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Muhammad
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guanhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fangdi Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yujie Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunsu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yueyue Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Menglan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoman Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yao Cen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Farcaş E, Bouckaert C, Servais AC, Hanson J, Pochet L, Fillet M. Partial filling affinity capillary electrophoresis as a useful tool for fragment-based drug discovery: A proof of concept on thrombin. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 984:211-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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