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Manero-Azua A, Pereda A, Llano-Rivas I, Garin I, Perez de Nanclares G. Incidental finding at methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA): how to proceed? Front Genet 2023; 14:1274056. [PMID: 37854056 PMCID: PMC10580081 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1274056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Since the advent of new generation sequencing, professionals are aware of the possibility of obtaining findings unrelated to the pathology under study. However, this possibility is usually forgotten in the case of studies aimed at a single gene or region. We report a case of a 16-month-old girl with clinical suspicion of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). Methods: Following the international SRS consensus, methylation alterations and copy number variations (CNVs) at 11p15 region and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 were analysed and discarded by MS-MLPA. Results: Unexpectedly, the 11p15 region MS-MLPA showed a decrease in the signal of a copy number reference probe. Deletions affecting a single probe are inconclusive. So, we faced the ethical dilemma of whether it was appropriate to confirm this alteration with independent techniques and to offer a diagnostic possibility that was in no way related to clinical suspicion. Fortunately, in this particular case, the informed consent had not been specific to a particular pathology but to any disorder associated with growth failure. Performed alternative studies allowed the final diagnosis of 22q deletion syndrome. Conclusion: We demonstrate the importance of informing patients about the possibility of obtaining incidental findings in genetic techniques (not only in next generation sequencing) during pre-test genetic counselling consultations. In addition, we highlight the relevance of including in the informed consent the option of knowing these unexpected incidental findings as in some cases, this will help to elucidate the definitive diagnosis and provide the correct follow-up and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Africa Manero-Azua
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi) Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi) Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Isabel Llano-Rivas
- Service of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Intza Garin
- Service of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi) Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
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2
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van der Kaay DCM, Rochtus A, Binder G, Kurth I, Prawitt D, Netchine I, Johannsson G, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Comprehensive genetic testing approaches as the basis for personalized management of growth disturbances: current status and perspectives. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220277. [PMID: 36064195 PMCID: PMC9578069 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of high-throughput and deep sequencing methods in routine genetic diagnostics has significantly improved the diagnostic yield in patient cohorts with growth disturbances and becomes increasingly important as the prerequisite of personalized medicine. They provide considerable chances to identify even rare and unexpected situations; nevertheless, we must be aware of their limitations. A simple genetic test in the beginning of a testing cascade might also help to identify the genetic cause of specific growth disorders. However, the clinical picture of genetically caused growth disturbance phenotypes can vary widely, and there is a broad clinical overlap between different growth disturbance disorders. As a consequence, the clinical diagnosis and therewith connected the decision on the appropriate genetic test is often a challenge. In fact, the clinician asking for genetic testing has to weigh different aspects in this decision process, including appropriateness (single gene test, stepwise procedure, comprehensive testing), turnaround time as the basis for rapid intervention, and economic considerations. Therefore, a frequent question in that context is 'what to test when'. In this review, we aim to review genetic testing strategies and their strengths and limitations and to raise awareness for the future implementation of interdisciplinary genome medicine in diagnoses, treatment, and counselling of growth disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Rochtus
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Baba N, Lengyel A, Pinti E, Yapici E, Schreyer I, Liehr T, Fekete G, Eggermann T. Microdeletions in 1q21 and 8q12.1 depict two additional molecular subgroups of Silver-Russell syndrome like phenotypes. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:19. [PMID: 35562807 PMCID: PMC9107271 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a genetic disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, relative macrocephaly at birth, body asymmetry and typical facial features. Clinical and molecular heterogeneity is described in SRS. Common causes are loss of methylation of the imprinting center 1 in 11p15 and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7. Other genetic alterations include disturbances of imprinted regions in 14q32, 7q32 and 11p15 as well as submicroscopic deletions and duplications. Single nucleotide variants in genes like IGF2, HMGA2, PLAG1, CDKN1C have also been identified in patients with SRS phenotypes. However, routine molecular diagnostics usually focus on 11p15 and chromosome 7, while less frequent causes are not systematically addressed. Results Here we report two patients with SRS features in which molecular karyotyping revealed microdeletions in 1q21 and 8q12.1 respectively. In a 3.5-year-old girl with postnatal growth restriction, feeding difficulties, relative macrocephaly and distinct SRS features a 2 Mb deletion in 1q21.1q21.2 was identified. Our second case is a 1.5-year-old boy with intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, feeding difficulties and distinct facial features with a 77 kb deletion in 8q12.1 affecting PLAG1 as the only protein-encoding gene with known function. Conclusions The 1q21 region has not yet been assigned as an SRS region, although six patients with the same deletion and SRS features including relative macrocephaly have been described before. This new case adds to the evidence that distal 1q21 should be annotated as an SRS candidate region. The PLAGL1 alteration is the smallest deletion in 8q12.1 ever reported in a patient with SRS phenotype and it finally confirms that PLAG1 is the SRS causing gene in 8q12.1. To increase the diagnostic yield in patients with suspected SRS, we recommend both molecular karyotyping and next generation sequencing-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Baba
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.,Praxis Für Humangenetik, Zentrum Für Ambulante Medizin, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Lengyel
- 2Nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Pinti
- 2Nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elzem Yapici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isolde Schreyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.,Praxis Für Humangenetik, Zentrum Für Ambulante Medizin, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - György Fekete
- 2Nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Cottrell E, Cabrera CP, Ishida M, Chatterjee S, Greening J, Wright N, Bossowski A, Dunkel L, Deeb A, Basiri IA, Rose SJ, Mason A, Bint S, Ahn JW, Hwa V, Metherell LA, Moore GE, Storr HL. Rare CNVs provide novel insights into the molecular basis of GH and IGF-1 insensitivity. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 183:581-595. [PMID: 33055295 PMCID: PMC7592635 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Copy number variation (CNV) has been associated with idiopathic short stature, small for gestational age and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). It has not been extensively investigated in growth hormone insensitivity (GHI; short stature, IGF-1 deficiency and normal/high GH) or previously in IGF-1 insensitivity (short stature, high/normal GH and IGF-1). DESIGN AND METHODS Array comparative genomic hybridisation was performed with ~60 000 probe oligonucleotide array in GHI (n = 53) and IGF-1 insensitivity (n = 10) subjects. Published literature, mouse models, DECIPHER CNV tracks, growth associated GWAS loci and pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify key biological pathways/novel candidate growth genes within the CNV regions. RESULTS Both cohorts were enriched for class 3-5 CNVs (7/53 (13%) GHI and 3/10 (30%) IGF-1 insensitivity patients). Interestingly, 6/10 (60%) CNV subjects had diagnostic/associated clinical features of SRS. 5/10 subjects (50%) had CNVs previously reported in suspected SRS: 1q21 (n = 2), 12q14 (n = 1) deletions and Xp22 (n = 1), Xq26 (n = 1) duplications. A novel 15q11 deletion, previously associated with growth failure but not SRS/GHI was identified. Bioinformatic analysis identified 45 novel candidate growth genes, 15 being associated with growth in GWAS. The WNT canonical pathway was enriched in the GHI cohort and CLOCK was identified as an upstream regulator in the IGF-1 insensitivity cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our cohort was enriched for low frequency CNVs. Our study emphasises the importance of CNV testing in GHI and IGF-1 insensitivity patients, particularly GHI subjects with SRS features. Functional experimental evidence is now required to validate the novel candidate growth genes, interactions and biological pathways identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cottrell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Miho Ishida
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sumana Chatterjee
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James Greening
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil Wright
- The University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, Sheffield, UK
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Leo Dunkel
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Asma Deeb
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Stephen J Rose
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to H L Storr;
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5
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Crippa M, Bonati MT, Calzari L, Picinelli C, Gervasini C, Sironi A, Bestetti I, Guzzetti S, Bellone S, Selicorni A, Mussa A, Riccio A, Ferrero GB, Russo S, Larizza L, Finelli P. Molecular Etiology Disclosed by Array CGH in Patients With Silver-Russell Syndrome or Similar Phenotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:955. [PMID: 31749829 PMCID: PMC6843062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinting disorder primarily caused by genetic and epigenetic aberrations on chromosomes 11 and 7. SRS is a rare growth retardation disorder often misdiagnosed due to its heterogeneous and non-specific clinical features. The Netchine–Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS) is the recommended tool for differentiating patients into clinical SRS or unlikely SRS. However, the clinical diagnosis is molecularly confirmed only in about 60% of patients, leaving the remaining substantial proportion of SRS patients with unknown genetic etiology. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 34 Italian patients with SRS or SRS-like features scored according to the NH-CSS and without any SRS-associated (epi)genetic alterations was analyzed by high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in order to identify potentially pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs). Results and Discussion: In seven patients, making up 21% of the initial cohort, five pathogenic and two potentially pathogenic CNVs were found involving distinct genomic regions either previously associated with growth delay conditions (1q24.3-q25.3, 17p13.3, 17q22, and 22q11.2-q11.22) and with SRS spectrum (7p12.1 and 7p15.3-p14.3) or outlined for the first time (19q13.42), providing a better definition of reported and as yet unreported SRS overlapping syndromes. All the variants involve genes with a defined role in growth pathways, and for two genes mapping at 7p, IGF2BP3 and GRB10, the association with SRS turns out to be reinforced. The deleterious effect of the two potentially pathogenic variants, comprising GRB10 and ZNF331 genes, was explored by targeted approaches, though further studies are needed to validate their pathogenic role in the SRS etiology. In conclusion, we reconfirm the utility of performing a genome-wide scan to achieve a differential diagnosis in patients with SRS or similar features and to highlight novel chromosome alterations associated with SRS and growth retardation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Crippa
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- Clinic of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sironi
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bestetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Russo
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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6
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Homma TK, Krepischi ACV, Furuya TK, Honjo RS, Malaquias AC, Bertola DR, Costa SS, Canton AP, Roela RA, Freire BL, Kim CA, Rosenberg C, Jorge AAL. Recurrent Copy Number Variants Associated with Syndromic Short Stature of Unknown Cause. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 89:13-21. [PMID: 29130988 DOI: 10.1159/000481777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Genetic imbalances are responsible for many cases of short stature of unknown etiology. This study aims to identify recurrent pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) in patients with syndromic short stature of unknown cause. METHODS We selected 229 children with short stature and dysmorphic features, developmental delay, and/or intellectual disability, but without a recognized syndrome. All patients were evaluated by chromosomal microarray (array-based comparative genomic hybridization/single nucleotide polymorphism array). Additionally, we searched databases and previous studies to recover recurrent pathogenic CNVs associated with short stature. RESULTS We identified 32 pathogenic/probably pathogenic CNVs in 229 patients. By reviewing the literature, we selected 4 previous studies which evaluated CNVs in cohorts of patients with short stature. Taken together, there were 671 patients with short stature of unknown cause evaluated by chromosomal microarray. Pathogenic/probably pathogenic CNVs were identified in 87 patients (13%). Seven recurrent CNVs, 22q11.21, 15q26, 1p36.33, Xp22.33, 17p13.3, 1q21.1, 2q24.2, were observed. They are responsible for about 40% of all pathogenic/probably pathogenic genomic imbalances found in short stature patients of unknown cause. CONCLUSION CNVs seem to play a significant role in patients with short stature. Chromosomal microarray should be used as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of growth disorders, especially for syndromic short stature of unknown cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais K Homma
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM42, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C V Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (IB-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane K Furuya
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental LIM24, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia do Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (CTO/ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel S Honjo
- Unidade de Genetica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra C Malaquias
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora R Bertola
- Unidade de Genetica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (IB-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire A Roela
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental LIM24, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia do Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (CTO/ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna L Freire
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM42, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chong A Kim
- Unidade de Genetica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (IB-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM42, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Tümer Z, López-Hernández JA, Netchine I, Elbracht M, Grønskov K, Gede LB, Sachwitz J, den Dunnen JT, Eggermann T. Structural and sequence variants in patients with Silver-Russell syndrome or similar features-Curation of a disease database. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:345-364. [PMID: 29250858 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disorder involving prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, and the term SRS-like is broadly used to describe individuals with clinical features resembling SRS. The main molecular subgroups are loss of methylation of the distal imprinting control region (H19/IGF2:IG-DMR) on 11p15.5 (50%) and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (5%-10%). Through a comprehensive literature search, we identified 91 patients/families with various structural and small sequence variants, which were suggested as additional molecular defects leading to SRS/SRS-like phenotypes. However, the molecular and phenotypic data of these patients were not standardized and therefore not comparable, rendering difficulties in phenotype-genotype comparisons. To overcome this challenge, we curated a disease database including (epi)genetic phenotypic data of these patients. The clinical features are scored according to the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS), which has recently been accepted as standard by consensus. The structural and sequence variations are reviewed and where necessary redescribed according to recent recommendations. Our study provides a framework for both research and diagnostic purposes through facilitating a standardized comparison of (epi)genotypes with phenotypes of patients with structural/sequence variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lene Bjerring Gede
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jana Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Human Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Inoue T, Nakamura A, Fuke T, Yamazawa K, Sano S, Matsubara K, Mizuno S, Matsukura Y, Harashima C, Hasegawa T, Nakajima H, Tsumura K, Kizaki Z, Oka A, Ogata T, Fukami M, Kagami M. Genetic heterogeneity of patients with suspected Silver-Russell syndrome: genome-wide copy number analysis in 82 patients without imprinting defects. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:52. [PMID: 28515796 PMCID: PMC5433143 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by pre- and postnatal growth failure and dysmorphic features. Recently, pathogenic copy number variations (PCNVs) and imprinting defects other than hypomethylation of the H19-differentially methylated region (DMR) and maternal uniparental disomy chromosome 7 have been reported in patients with the SRS phenotype. This study aimed to clarify the frequency and clinical features of patients with SRS phenotype caused by PCNVs. Methods We performed array comparative genomic hybridization analysis using a catalog array for 54 patients satisfying the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS) (SRS-compatible) and for 28 patients presenting with three NH-CSS items together with triangular face and/or fifth finger clinodactyly and/or brachydactyly (SRS-like) without abnormal methylation levels of 9 DMRs related to known imprinting disorders. We then investigated the clinical features of patients with PCNVs. Results Three of the 54 SRS-compatible patients (5.6%) and 2 of the 28 SRS-like patients (7.1%) had PCNVs. We detected 3.5 Mb deletion in 4p16.3, mosaic trisomy 18, and 3.77–4.00 Mb deletion in 19q13.11-12 in SRS-compatible patients, and 1.41–1.97 Mb deletion in 7q11.23 in both SRS-like patients. Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) were identified in two patients and moderate to severe global developmental delay was observed in four patients. Conclusions Of the patients in our study, 5.6% of SRS-compatible and 7.1% of SRS-like patients had PCNVs. All PCNVs have been previously reported for genetic causes of contiguous deletion syndromes or mosaic trisomy 18. Our study suggests patients with PCNVs, who have a phenotype resembling SRS, show a high tendency towards CHDs and/or apparent developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kagiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392 Japan
| | - Yoshika Matsukura
- Department of Pediatrics, The Japan Baptist Hospital, 47 Yamanomoto-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8273 Japan
| | - Chie Harashima
- Department of Pediatrics, The Japan Baptist Hospital, 47 Yamanomoto-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8273 Japan
| | - Tatsuji Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Hisakazu Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Kumi Tsumura
- Tsumura Family Clinic, Kumi Shounika, 858-1 Watarihashi-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-0004 Japan
| | - Zenro Kizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, 15-749 Honmachi Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-0981 Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
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9
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Eggermann K, Bliek J, Brioude F, Algar E, Buiting K, Russo S, Tümer Z, Monk D, Moore G, Antoniadi T, Macdonald F, Netchine I, Lombardi P, Soellner L, Begemann M, Prawitt D, Maher ER, Mannens M, Riccio A, Weksberg R, Lapunzina P, Grønskov K, Mackay DJG, Eggermann T. EMQN best practice guidelines for the molecular genetic testing and reporting of chromosome 11p15 imprinting disorders: Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1377-87. [PMID: 27165005 PMCID: PMC5027690 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic testing for the 11p15-associated imprinting disorders Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (SRS, BWS) is challenging because of the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of the affected imprinted regions. With the growing knowledge on the molecular basis of these disorders and the demand for molecular testing, it turned out that there is an urgent need for a standardized molecular diagnostic testing and reporting strategy. Based on the results from the first external pilot quality assessment schemes organized by the European Molecular Quality Network (EMQN) in 2014 and in context with activities of the European Network of Imprinting Disorders (EUCID.net) towards a consensus in diagnostics and management of SRS and BWS, best practice guidelines have now been developed. Members of institutions working in the field of SRS and BWS diagnostics were invited to comment, and in the light of their feedback amendments were made. The final document was ratified in the course of an EMQN best practice guideline meeting and is in accordance with the general SRS and BWS consensus guidelines, which are in preparation. These guidelines are based on the knowledge acquired from peer-reviewed and published data, as well as observations of the authors in their practice. However, these guidelines can only provide a snapshot of current knowledge at the time of manuscript submission and readers are advised to keep up with the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Algar
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Monash Health and Hudson Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gudrun Moore
- Fetal Growth and Developmental Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL-ICH, London, UK
| | - Thalia Antoniadi
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiona Macdonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics – ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Deborah JG Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Õunap K. Silver-Russell Syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Opposite Phenotypes with Heterogeneous Molecular Etiology. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:110-21. [PMID: 27587987 DOI: 10.1159/000447413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are 2 clinically opposite growth-affecting disorders belonging to the group of congenital imprinting disorders. The expression of both syndromes usually depends on the parental origin of the chromosome in which the imprinted genes reside. SRS is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation with various additional clinical features such as hemihypertrophy, relative macrocephaly, fifth finger clinodactyly, and triangular facies. BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with many additional clinical features such as macroglossia, organomegaly, and an increased risk of childhood tumors. Both SRS and BWS are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and for clinical diagnosis, different diagnostic scoring systems have been developed. Six diagnostic scoring systems for SRS and 4 for BWS have been previously published. However, neither syndrome has common consensus diagnostic criteria yet. Most cases of SRS and BWS are associated with opposite epigenetic or genetic abnormalities in the 11p15 chromosomal region leading to opposite imbalances in the expression of imprinted genes. SRS is also caused by maternal uniparental disomy 7, which is usually identified in 5-10% of the cases, and is therefore the first imprinting disorder that affects 2 different chromosomes. In this review, we describe in detail the clinical diagnostic criteria and scoring systems as well as molecular causes in both SRS and BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Õunap
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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11
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Sachwitz J, Meyer R, Fekete G, Spranger S, Matulevičienė A, Kučinskas V, Bach A, Luczay A, Brüchle NO, Eggermann K, Zerres K, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. NSD1 duplication in Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS): molecular karyotyping in patients with SRS features. Clin Genet 2016; 91:73-78. [PMID: 27172843 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a growth retardation syndrome characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, relative macrocephaly and protruding forehead, body asymmetry and feeding difficulties. Nearly 50% of cases show a hypomethylation in 11p15.5, in 10% maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 is present. A significant number of patients with SRS features also exhibit chromosomal aberrations. We analyzed 43 individuals referred for SRS genetic testing by molecular karyotyping. Pathogenic variants could be detected in five of them, including a NSD1 duplication in 5q35 and a 14q32 microdeletion. NSD1 deletions are detectable in overgrowth disorders (Sotos syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome), whereas NSD1 duplications are associated with growth retardation. The 14q32 deletion is typically associated with Temple syndrome (TS14), but the identification of a patient in our cohort reflects the clinical overlap between TS14 and SRS. As determination of molecular subtypes is the basis for a directed counseling and therapy, the identification of pathogenic variants in >10% of the total cohort of patients referred for SRS testing and in >16% of characteristic individuals with the characteristic SRS phenotype confirms the need to apply molecular karyotyping in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Meyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Fekete
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Spranger
- Praxis für Humangenetik, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Matulevičienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Bach
- HSK Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - A Luczay
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N O Brüchle
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Eggermann T, Brioude F, Russo S, Lombardi MP, Bliek J, Maher ER, Larizza L, Prawitt D, Netchine I, Gonzales M, Grønskov K, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mannens M, Chrzanowska K, Walasek MK, Begemann M, Soellner L, Eggermann K, Tenorio J, Nevado J, Moore GE, Mackay DJG, Temple K, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Ogata T, Weksberg R, Algar E, Lapunzina P. Prenatal molecular testing for Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes: a challenge for molecular analysis and genetic counseling. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:784-93. [PMID: 26508573 PMCID: PMC4867462 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes (BWS/SRS) are two imprinting disorders (IDs) associated with disturbances of the 11p15.5 chromosomal region. In BWS, epimutations and genomic alterations within 11p15.5 are observed in >70% of patients, whereas in SRS they are observed in about 60% of the cases. In addition, 10% of the SRS patients carry a maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 11p15.5. There is an increasing demand for prenatal testing of these disorders owing to family history, indicative prenatal ultrasound findings or aberrations involving chromosomes 7 and 11. The complex molecular findings underlying these disorders are a challenge not only for laboratories offering these tests but also for geneticists counseling affected families. The scope of counseling must consider the range of detectable disturbances and their origin, the lack of precise quantitative knowledge concerning the inheritance and recurrence risks for the epigenetic abnormalities, which are hallmarks of these developmental disorders. In this paper, experts in the field of BWS and SRS, including members of the European network of congenital IDs (EUCID.net; www.imprinting-disorders.eu), put together their experience and work in the field of 11p15.5-associated IDs with a focus on prenatal testing. Altogether, prenatal tests of 160 fetuses (122 referred for BWS, 38 for SRS testing) from 5 centers were analyzed and reviewed. We summarize the current knowledge on BWS and SRS with respect to diagnostic testing, the consequences for prenatal genetic testing and counseling and our cumulative experience in dealing with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria P Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Marie Gonzales
- Department of Medical Genetics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universitie, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krystyna Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Insitute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata K Walasek
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Insitute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lukas Soellner
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jair Tenorio
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Fetal Growth and Developmental group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL-ICH, London, UK
| | - Deborah JG Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampto; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampto; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamastu, Japan
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Algar
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Monash Health and Hudson Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Sachwitz J, Strobl-Wildemann G, Fekete G, Ambrozaitytė L, Kučinskas V, Soellner L, Begemann M, Eggermann T. Examinations of maternal uniparental disomy and epimutations for chromosomes 6, 14, 16 and 20 in Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotypes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:20. [PMID: 26969265 PMCID: PMC4787016 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a growth retardation disorder with a very broad molecular and clinical spectrum. Whereas the association of SRS with imprinting disturbances of chromosomes 11p15.5 and 7 is generally accepted, there are controversial discussions on the involvement of other molecular changes. The recent reports on the occurrence of maternal uniparental disomies of chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 (upd(6, 16, 20)mat), as well as 14q32 imprint alterations in patients with SRS phenotypes raise the question on the involvement of these mutations in the etiology of SRS. Methods A cohort of 54 growth retarded patients with SRS features was screened for aberrant methylation patterns of chromsomes 6, 14, 16 and 20. Results One carrier of a 14q32 epimutation was identified whereas epimutations and maternal UPD for chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 were excluded. Conclusions Our data and those from the literature confirm that 14q32 disturbances significantly contribute to the mutation spectrum in this cohort. Furthermore, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 can be observed, but are rare. In case they occur they can be regarded as causative for clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - György Fekete
- II. Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Eggermann T, Perez de Nanclares G, Maher ER, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay DJG, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Netchine I. Imprinting disorders: a group of congenital disorders with overlapping patterns of molecular changes affecting imprinted loci. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:123. [PMID: 26583054 PMCID: PMC4650860 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital imprinting disorders (IDs) are characterised by molecular changes affecting imprinted chromosomal regions and genes, i.e. genes that are expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. Recent years have seen a great expansion in the range of alterations in regulation, dosage or DNA sequence shown to disturb imprinted gene expression, and the correspondingly broad range of resultant clinical syndromes. At the same time, however, it has become clear that this diversity of IDs has common underlying principles, not only in shared molecular mechanisms, but also in interrelated clinical impacts upon growth, development and metabolism. Thus, detailed and systematic analysis of IDs can not only identify unifying principles of molecular epigenetics in health and disease, but also support personalisation of diagnosis and management for individual patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France ; 3APHP, Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Irène Netchine
- Endocrinology and diabetology for children and reference center for rare disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France
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15
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Müller A, Soellner L, Binder G, Begemann M, Eggermann T. No major contribution of IGF2 variants to the etiology of sporadic 11p15-associated imprinting disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:283-4. [PMID: 26447000 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Müller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Childreńs Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Azzi S, Salem J, Thibaud N, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Lieber E, Netchine I, Harbison MD. A prospective study validating a clinical scoring system and demonstrating phenotypical-genotypical correlations in Silver-Russell syndrome. J Med Genet 2015; 52:446-53. [PMID: 25951829 PMCID: PMC4501172 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple clinical scoring systems have been proposed for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). Here we aimed to test a clinical scoring system for SRS and to analyse the correlation between (epi)genotype and phenotype. Subjects and methods Sixty-nine patients were examined by two physicians. Clinical scores were generated for all patients, with a new, six-item scoring system: (1) small for gestational age, birth length and/or weight ≤−2SDS, (2) postnatal growth retardation (height ≤−2SDS), (3) relative macrocephaly at birth, (4) body asymmetry, (5) feeding difficulties and/or body mass index (BMI) ≤−2SDS in toddlers; (6) protruding forehead at the age of 1–3 years. Subjects were considered to have likely SRS if they met at least four of these six criteria. Molecular investigations were performed blind to the clinical data. Results The 69 patients were classified into two groups (Likely-SRS (n=60), Unlikely-SRS (n=9)). Forty-six Likely-SRS patients (76.7%) displayed either 11p15 ICR1 hypomethylation (n=35; 58.3%) or maternal UPD of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) (n=11; 18.3%). Eight Unlikely-SRS patients had neither ICR1 hypomethylation nor mUPD7, whereas one patient had mUPD7. The clinical score and molecular results yielded four groups that differed significantly overall and for individual scoring system factors. Further molecular screening led identifying chromosomal abnormalities in Likely-SRS-double-negative and Unlikely-SRS groups. Four Likely-SRS-double negative patients carried a DLK1/GTL2 IG-DMR hypomethylation, a mUPD16; a mUPD20 and a de novo 1q21 microdeletion. Conclusions This new scoring system is very sensitive (98%) for the detection of patients with SRS with demonstrated molecular abnormalities. Given its clinical and molecular heterogeneity, SRS could be considered as a spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Azzi
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Salem
- MAGIC Foundation, RSS/SGA Research & Education Fund, Oak Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathalie Thibaud
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Eli Lieber
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Eggermann T, Netchine I, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay D, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Maher ER. Congenital imprinting disorders: EUCID.net - a network to decipher their aetiology and to improve the diagnostic and clinical care. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:23. [PMID: 25784961 PMCID: PMC4362648 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (IDs) are a group of eight rare but probably underdiagnosed congenital diseases affecting growth, development and metabolism. They are caused by similar molecular changes affecting regulation, dosage or the genomic sequence of imprinted genes. Each ID is characterised by specific clinical features, and, as each appeared to be associated with specific imprinting defects, they have been widely regarded as separate entities. However, they share clinical characteristics and can show overlapping molecular alterations. Nevertheless, IDs are usually studied separately despite their common underlying (epi)genetic aetiologies, and their basic pathogenesis and long-term clinical consequences remain largely unknown. Efforts to elucidate the aetiology of IDs are currently fragmented across Europe, and standardisation of diagnostic and clinical management is lacking. The new consortium EUCID.net (European network of congenital imprinting disorders) now aims to promote better clinical care and scientific investigation of imprinting disorders by establishing a concerted multidisciplinary alliance of clinicians, researchers, patients and families. By encompassing all IDs and establishing a wide ranging and collaborative network, EUCID.net brings together a wide variety of expertise and interests to engender new collaborations and initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074 Germany ; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France ; UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universites, Paris, F-75012 France ; Pediatric Endocrinology, 3APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, 75012 France
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, 2600 Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Karin Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, 2600 Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy ; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276 Paris France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276 Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY UK
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Eggermann T, Binder G, Brioude F, Maher ER, Lapunzina P, Cubellis MV, Bergadá I, Prawitt D, Begemann M. CDKN1C mutations: two sides of the same coin. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:614-22. [PMID: 25262539 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) negatively regulates cellular proliferation and it has been shown that loss-of-function mutations in the imprinted CDKN1C gene (11p15.5) are associated with the overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). With recent reports of gain-of-function mutations of the PCNA domain of CDKN1C in growth-retarded patients with IMAGe syndrome or Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), its key role for growth has been confirmed. Thereby, the last gap in the spectrum of molecular alterations in 11p15.5 in growth-retardation and overgrowth syndromes could be closed. Recent functional studies explain the strict association of CDKN1C mutations with clinically opposite phenotypes and thereby contribute to our understanding of the function and regulation of the gene in particular and epigenetic regulation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University Children's Hospital, Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Molekulare Pädiatrie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Canton APM, Costa SS, Rodrigues TC, Bertola DR, Malaquias AC, Correa FA, Arnhold IJP, Rosenberg C, Jorge AAL. Genome-wide screening of copy number variants in children born small for gestational age reveals several candidate genes involved in growth pathways. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:253-62. [PMID: 24878679 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of prenatal-onset short stature with postnatal persistence is heterogeneous. Submicroscopic chromosomal imbalances, known as copy number variants (CNVs), may play a role in growth disorders. OBJECTIVE To analyze the CNVs present in a group of patients born small for gestational age (SGA) without a known cause. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 51 patients with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation associated with dysmorphic features and/or developmental delay, but without criteria for the diagnosis of known syndromes, were selected. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization was performed using DNA obtained from all patients. The pathogenicity of CNVs was assessed by considering the following criteria: inheritance; gene content; overlap with genomic coordinates for a known genomic imbalance syndrome; and overlap with CNVs previously identified in other patients with prenatal-onset short stature. RESULTS In 17 of the 51 patients, 18 CNVs were identified. None of these imbalances has been reported in healthy individuals. Nine CNVs, found in eight patients (16%), were categorized as pathogenic or probably pathogenic. Deletions found in three patients overlapped with known microdeletion syndromes (4q, 10q26, and 22q11.2). These imbalances are de novo, gene rich and affect several candidate genes or genomic regions that may be involved in the mechanisms of growth regulation. CONCLUSION Pathogenic CNVs in the selected patients born SGA were common (at least 16%), showing that rare CNVs are probably among the genetic causes of short stature in SGA patients and revealing genomic regions possibly implicated in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P M Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia S Costa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane C Rodrigues
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora R Bertola
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra C Malaquias
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Correa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivo J P Arnhold
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GeneticaLaboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° Andar Sala 5340, CEP 01246-903 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genetica e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de GeneticaInstituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUnidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Fokstuen S, Kotzot D. Chromosomal rearrangements in patients with clinical features of Silver-Russell syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1595-605. [PMID: 24664587 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by pre- and postnatal growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, asymmetry, and a triangular facial gestalt. In 5-10% of the patients the phenotype is caused by maternal UPD 7, and 38-64% of the patients present with hypomethylation at the imprinting center region 1 (ICR1) on 11p15.5. The etiology of the remaining cases is so far not known and various (sub-)microscopic chromosome aberrations with a phenotype resembling SRS have been published, especially duplication 11p15 (n = 15), deletion 12q14 (n = 19), ring chromosome 15, deletion 15qter, and various other mostly unique chromosomal aberrations (n = 30). In this study the phenotypes of these chromosomal aberrations were revisited and compared with the phenotypes of maternal UPD 7 and hypomethylation at ICR1 on 11p15.5. In some patients with a unique chromosomal aberration even the hallmarks of SRS were missing. Patients with duplication 11p15 show a more variable occipitofrontal head circumference at birth, a higher frequency of intellectual disability, and additional anomalies not reported in SRS. Deletion 12q14 is characterized by less severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation and less impressive relative macrocephaly. Patients with ring chromosome 15 and deletion 15qter have no relative macrocephaly (mostly even microcephaly) and more severe intellectual disability. Finally, deletion 15qter lacks the triangular facial gestalt. In summary, as SRS seems not an adequate diagnosis in many of these patients, diagnosis should focus on the chromosomal aberration than on SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv Fokstuen
- Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Palumbo O, Mattina T, Palumbo P, Carella M, Perrotta CS. A de novo 11p13 Microduplication in a Patient with Some Features Invoking Silver-Russell Syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2013; 5:11-8. [PMID: 24550760 DOI: 10.1159/000356459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) show an intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction associated with a variable spectrum of additional features. Genetic or epigenetic alterations on chromosomes 7 and 11 can be detected in several SRS patients; however, a large fraction of cases remains with unknown genetic etiology. Here, we describe the clinical and molecular findings of a patient with a phenotype invoking SRS showing intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, psychomotor retardation, relative macrocephaly, slightly triangular face with pointed chin, clinodactyly, and a slight body asymmetry, in whom single-nucleotide polymorphism oligonucleotide array analysis led to the identification of a de novo 11p13 duplication containing many genes that could be functionally related with the observed clinical features. Many deletions of chromosome 11p13, resulting in WAGR (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genital anomalies, mental retardation) syndrome, have been described, while only few duplications spanning the same region have been reported so far. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case presenting a SRS carrier of an 11p13 duplication. We propose candidate genes for the observed traits, and in particular, we discuss the possible role of the involvement of 2 noncoding RNAs in the etiology of the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - T Mattina
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy ; Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Carella
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - C S Perrotta
- Medical Genetics Unit, P.O. Vittorio Emanuele III, Gela, Italy
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Spengler S, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Begemann M, Hennes P, Zerres K, Eggermann T. Haploinsufficiency of ANKRD11 (16q24.3) Is Not Obligatorily Associated with Cognitive Impairment but Shows a Clinical Overlap with Silver-Russell Syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2013; 4:246-9. [PMID: 23885231 DOI: 10.1159/000351765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdeletions in 16q24.3 are associated with intellectual disability and a specific phenotype, e.g. short stature and a prominent forehead. The 16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome shows a broad phenotypic overlap with the KBG syndrome, which is caused by mutations within the ANKRD11 gene. Furthermore, both KBG and the 16q24.3 microdeletion syndromes show clinical findings reminiscent of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), an imprinting disorder characterized by severe primordial growth retardation. In a cohort of patients referred as SRS, we previously identified a 16q24.3 deletion, but at that time, only patients with larger imbalances in 16q24.3 and intellectual disability had been published. Considering the recent description of the ANKRD11 gene as the causative factor for the 2 16q24.3-associated disorders, we now classified our patient as a 16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome patient exhibiting some characteristic features but normal intelligence. Our case illustrates the broad clinical spectrum associated with microdeletions, and we confirm that the 16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome is a further microdeletion syndrome with very variable expressivity. Indeed, our case is the first 16q24.3 patient of normal intelligence, but we assume that this variant is present in further mentally healthy probands which have not yet been tested. In conclusion, the detection of the 16q24.3 deletion in a proband of unremarkable intellectual capacities once again illustrates the need to perform molecular karyotyping in dysmorphic patients with normal intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spengler
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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