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Speyer LG, Auyeung B, Murray AL. Longitudinal Invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Ages 4 to 16 in the ALSPAC Sample. Assessment 2022:10731911221128948. [PMID: 36254666 PMCID: PMC10363935 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221128948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been widely used to study children's psychosocial development longitudinally; however, such analyses assume longitudinal measurement invariance, that is, they presuppose that symptom manifestations are measured comparably across different ages. Violations of this assumption could bias longitudinal analyses and should therefore be empirically tested. This study tested longitudinal measurement invariance within a confirmatory factor analysis framework in the U.K.-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 13,988). Results indicated that SDQ scores showed configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance across ages 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 16, supporting its use for comparing variances, covariances, and means over time within a latent variable model as well as using observed scores. At age 4, configural invariance was not supported, indicating that mental health symptoms as measured by the SDQ manifest differently at this age, thus necessitating caution when comparing symptoms as measured by SDQ scores at this age to later ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- University of Cambridge, UK.,The University of Edinburgh, UK
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2
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Speyer LG, Hall HA, Ushakova A, Murray AL, Luciano M, Auyeung B. Longitudinal effects of breast feeding on parent-reported child behaviour. Arch Dis Child 2021; 106:355-360. [PMID: 33168523 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shorter breastfeeding duration has been linked to a range of difficulties in children. However, evidence linking shorter breastfeeding duration to child behavioural problems has been inconclusive. Owing to an almost exclusive focus on early childhood in previous research, little is known about breastfeeding effects on behaviour throughout childhood and adolescence. This study examines the longitudinal effect of breast feeding on parent-reported behaviour in children aged 3-14. DESIGN Data come from the Millennium Cohort Study, a large, prospective, UK birth cohort study. PARTICIPANTS 11 148 children, their parents and teachers. METHODS This study maps the effect of breastfeeding duration on parent-reported child behaviour longitudinally, using latent growth curve modelling and on teacher-reported child behaviour using multiple regression analyses. Breastfeeding duration was assessed through parent interviews when the child was 9 months old. Children's behavioural development was measured using parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) at 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years and teacher-reported SDQs at 7 and 11 years. RESULTS Breast feeding was associated with fewer parent-reported behavioural difficulties at all ages even after adjusting for potential confounders (<2 months: B=-0.22, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.04; 2-4 months: B=-0.53, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.32; 4-6 months: B=-1.07, 95% CI -1.33 to -0.81; >6 months: B=-1.24, 95% CI -1.44 to -1.04; B=adjusted mean difference of raw SDQ scores at age 3, reference: never breast fed). CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence supporting links between breastfeeding duration and children's socioemotional behavioural development. Potential implications include intervention strategies encouraging breast feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Gabriela Speyer
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hildigunnur Anna Hall
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anastasia Ushakova
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Aja Louise Murray
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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3
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Strain JJ, Love TM, Yeates AJ, Weller D, Mulhern MS, McSorley EM, Thurston SW, Watson GE, Mruzek D, Broberg K, Rand MD, Henderson J, Shamlaye CF, Myers GJ, Davidson PW, van Wijngaarden E. Associations of prenatal methylmercury exposure and maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid status with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 7 years of age: results from the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:304-313. [PMID: 33330939 PMCID: PMC7851824 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish is a primary source of protein and n-3 PUFA but also contains methylmercury (MeHg), a naturally occurring neurotoxicant to which, at sufficient exposure levels, the developing fetal brain is particularly sensitive. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between prenatal MeHg and maternal status of n-3 and n-6 PUFA with neurodevelopment, and to determine whether PUFA might modify prenatal MeHg associations with neurodevelopment. METHODS We examined the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2 (NC2) at age 7 y. We used a sophisticated and extensive neurodevelopmental test battery that addressed 17 specific outcomes in multiple neurodevelopmental domains: cognition, executive and psychomotor function, language development, behavior, scholastic achievement, and social communication. Analyses were undertaken on 1237 mother-child pairs with complete covariate data (after exclusions) and a measure of at least 1 outcome. We examined the main and interactive associations of prenatal MeHg exposure (measured as maternal hair mercury) and prenatal PUFA status (measured in maternal serum at 28 weeks' gestation) on child neurodevelopmental outcomes using linear regression models. We applied the Bonferroni correction to account for multiple comparisons and considered P values <0.0029 to be statistically significant. RESULTS Prenatal MeHg exposure and maternal DHA and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) (AA) status were not significantly associated with any neurodevelopmental outcomes. Findings for 4 outcomes encompassing executive function, cognition, and linguistic skills suggested better performance with an increasing maternal n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (P values ranging from 0.004 to 0.05), but none of these associations were significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. No significant interaction between MeHg exposure and PUFA status was present. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between prenatal MeHg exposure or maternal DHA and AA status with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 7 y. The roles of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in child neurodevelopment need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- JJ Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food & Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Tanzy M Love
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alison J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food & Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Weller
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food & Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food & Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sally W Thurston
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gene E Watson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mruzek
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karin Broberg
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Metals and Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthew D Rand
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Gary J Myers
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Philip W Davidson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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4
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Sass L, Bjarnadóttir E, Stokholm J, Chawes B, Vinding RK, Mora-Jensen ARC, Thorsen J, Noergaard S, Ebdrup BH, Jepsen JRM, Fagerlund B, Bønnelykke K, Lauritzen L, Bisgaard H. Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment in Childhood-A Randomized Clinical Trial. Child Dev 2021; 92:1624-1635. [PMID: 33506965 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A double-blind randomized controlled trial of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation or matching placebo during third trimester of pregnancy was conducted within the COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort consisting of 736 women and their children. The objective was to determine if maternal n-3 LCPUFA pregnancy supplementation affects offspring neurodevelopment until 6 years. Neurodevelopment was evaluated in 654 children assessing age of motor milestone achievement, language development, cognitive development, general neurodevelopment, and emotional and behavioral problems. Maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy improved early language development and reduced the impact of emotional and behavioral problems. The n-3 LCPUFA supplementation was in boys associated with the earlier achievement of gross motor milestones, improved cognitive development, and a reduced impact of emotional and behavioral problems.
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5
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Vrijkotte TGM, Smeets J, de Rooij SR, Bosch JA. Maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status during early pregnancy: Association with child behavioral problems and the role of autonomic nervous system activity. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3338-3345. [PMID: 33218766 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prenatal environment, including availability of critical nutrients, has a profound impact on offspring development. The present study examined the association between maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) status during pregnancy and later child behavioral problems at the age of 5-6 years. In light of evidence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation in some behavioral problems, study further tested if the above association is statistically mediated by cardiac ANS activity. METHODS Data was collected as part of the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development-study and complete data were available for 1717 mothers and their offspring. Maternal LC-PUFA status was assessed during early pregnancy (mean gestation = 12.7, SD = 2.5 weeks) and quantified as levels of docosahexenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as well as the ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids. Child emotional problems and peer problems (internalizing problems), as well as conduct problems and inattention/hyperactivity (externalizing problems), were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as rated by the mother and teacher at 5-6 years. Child cardiac respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), pre-ejection period (PEP), and heart rate (HR) were utilized as measures of ANS activity at 5-6 years. RESULTS The results confirmed an association between maternal LC-PUFA status and internalizing behavioral problems as rated by the mother, as shown for DHA (β = -0.11;p < 0.01), EPA (β = -0.22;p < 0.05), and n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA (β = 0.17;p < 0.01). Statistical mediation was only demonstrated for HR. No associations were observed between LC-PUFA status and externalizing behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS The present results are consistent with a role of maternal LC-PUFA status in internalizing behavioral problems as rated by the mother. These results were not observed when problem behavior was rated by the teacher. Analyses did not yield strong evidence supporting ANS activity as a possible mediator in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J Smeets
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S R de Rooij
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A Bosch
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Robinson SL, Oliveros H, Mora-Plazas M, Marín C, Lozoff B, Villamor E. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in middle childhood and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in adolescence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:481-490. [PMID: 31383976 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the associations of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in middle childhood with externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in adolescence. SUBJECTS/METHODS Using gas-liquid chromatography, we quantified n-3 and n-6 PUFA in serum samples of 444 Colombian schoolchildren aged 5-12 years at the time of enrollment into a cohort study. After a median 6 years, adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were determined with the Youth Self Report (YSR) questionnaire. We estimated adjusted mean behavior problem score differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between quartiles of each PUFA using multivariable linear regression. We also considered as exposures the Δ6-desaturase (D6D) and Δ5-desaturase (D5D) enzyme activity indices. RESULTS Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was positively associated with externalizing problems; every standard deviation (SD) of DHA concentration was associated with an adjusted one unit higher externalizing problem score (95% CI: 0.1, 1.9). The D5D enzyme activity index was inversely related to externalizing problem scores. Alpha-linolenic acid concentration was positively associated with internalizing problem scores, whereas adrenic acid was inversely related to this outcome. CONCLUSIONS Serum PUFA in middle childhood were related to behavior problems in adolescence. Some of these associations might reflect the role of D5D enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Constanza Marín
- Universidad de la Sabana, Chia, Colombia.,Foundation for Research in Nutrition and Health, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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7
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Tore EC, Gielen M, Antoniou EE, de Groot RHM, Godschalk RWL, Southwood TR, Smits L, Stratakis N, van de Wurff ISM, Zeegers MP. The association of maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy with social competence and problem behaviours at 7 years of age: The MEFAB cohort. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 144:1-9. [PMID: 31088621 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prenatal exposure to maternal n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might influence the development of social competence and internalizing and externalizing behaviours of the child, because of the numerous functions of PUFAs within the nervous system. METHODS To analyse the association of selected maternal PUFAs (i.e., AA, EPA, DHA, total n-6, total n-3, and the n-6:n-3 ratio) measured during gestation with childhood social competence and problem behaviours, we examined 311 mother-child pairs from the Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth (MEFAB) cohort. For each woman, PUFA-specific changes in relative concentrations were calculated by identifying the best-fitting curve of PUFA concentration by linear splines of gestational age. The associations of changes in maternal PUFAs in early and late pregnancy with childhood social competence, total problems, internalizing and externalizing behaviours, measured with the Child Behaviour Checklist 4/18 at age 7, were investigated with linear regression analyses adjusted for maternal and children's socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS In late gestation (i.e., from gestational week 30), an increase in AA was associated with higher social competence, while a decrease in total n-6 was associated with lower externalizing behaviours. No other significant associations were found. DISCUSSION In this prospective study, increasing maternal AA and decreasing total n-6 were associated with improved social competence and externalizing behaviours, respectively, in 7-year old children. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of the identified associations is modest and further investigations are warranted to clarify the relationship between maternal AA and total n-6 during pregnancy and childhood social and behavioural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Tore
- Department of Complex Genetics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - M Gielen
- Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E E Antoniou
- Department of Complex Genetics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - R H M de Groot
- Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Welten Institute, Research Centre for Learning, Teaching, and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - R W L Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T R Southwood
- Institute of Child Health, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Smits
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - N Stratakis
- Department of Complex Genetics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 90032, Los Angeles, USA
| | - I S M van de Wurff
- Welten Institute, Research Centre for Learning, Teaching, and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - M P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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8
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Jackson C, Barrett DW, Shumake J, Gonzales E, Gonzalez-Lima F, Lane MA. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid intake during neurodevelopment does not affect pup behavior related to depression, novelty, or learning. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:812. [PMID: 30442183 PMCID: PMC6238316 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previously, we showed that consumption of a diet supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3FAs) for two rounds of gestation and lactation increased the ability of rat dams to cope with stress when compared to dams that ingested a diet lacking n-3FAs. The objective of this study was to determine if the diets of these dams affected the behavior of their pups later in life. To isolate the neurodevelopmental effects of n-3FAs, pups from the second gestation were weaned to a diet adequate in n-3FAs. Pup testing began at 8 weeks of age and consisted of the forced swim, open field, and hole board tests to examine depression-related behavior, reaction to novelty, and learning and memory, respectively. Results Given the considerable difference in the n-3FA content of the maternal diet, we expected a large effect size, however with the exception of rearing duration, maternal diet did not affect behavior in any of the tests conducted. These results suggest that maternal n-3FA supplementation during neurodevelopment likely does not affect offspring behavior when a diet adequate in n-3FA is provided post-weaning. Rather, we hypothesize that brain n-3FAs at the time of testing confer altered behavior and corroborate the need for additional research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3915-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Jackson
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Douglas W Barrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elisa Gonzales
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michelle A Lane
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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Beeckman K, Frith L, Gottfreðsdóttir H, Bernloehr A. Measuring antenatal care use in Europe: is the content and timing of care in pregnancy tool applicable? Int J Public Health 2017; 62:583-590. [PMID: 28280864 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-0959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Measuring of antenatal care utilisation is important from a public health perspective. The Content and Timing of care in Pregnancy tool (CTP) focuses on the care process and includes aspects on quality of care. The aim of the study is to gain insight in the applicability of the CTP tool across Europe. METHODS National guidelines for routine antenatal care were examined, analysing the degree to which the four items in the CTP tool were included in these guidelines. RESULTS From the 30 countries, 22 had a national guideline for routine antenatal care. The CTP tool is applicable in over 60% of the European countries with a national guideline. CONCLUSIONS The CTP tool can be used to measure antenatal care delivery in Europe. The tool is useful to evaluate the care process, focusing on rates of interventions as the closest approximation to the delivery of health care, with a focus on content of visits rather than simply the number of visits. Together with indicators measuring structure and outcome of health care, conclusions about the quality of care can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Beeckman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Nursing and Midwifery Research unit, Vrije Universtiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium. .,Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery research group, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Lucy Frith
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helga Gottfreðsdóttir
- Faculty of Nursing-Department of Midwifery, University of Iceland Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Annette Bernloehr
- Hannover Medical School, Midwifery Research and Education Unit, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Mujica-Coopman MF, Franco-Sena AB, Farias DR, Vaz JS, Brito A, Kac G, Lamers Y. Vitamin B-6 Status in Unsupplemented Pregnant Women Is Associated Positively with Serum Docosahexaenoic Acid and Inversely with the n-6-to-n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio. J Nutr 2017; 147:170-178. [PMID: 28031376 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.239483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B-6-deficient diets decrease plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations in healthy adults. These fatty acids (FAs) are important for fetal neurodevelopment, but the relation between vitamin B-6 status and circulating polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) during pregnancy is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the relation between plasma pyridoxal 5' phosphate (PLP; the active form of vitamin B-6) and serum DHA, EPA, AA, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic, and α-linolenic acid concentrations during pregnancy. METHODS A prospective cohort study in 186 healthy pregnant Brazilian women (aged 20-40 y) who were not using supplements was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Participants were enrolled in the first trimester of pregnancy (5-13 gestational weeks) and were followed up twice between 20-26 and 30-36 wk of gestation. Longitudinal linear mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate the associations between 1) first-trimester PLP and PUFA concentrations across pregnancy and 2) ΔPLP (i.e., difference between third- and first-trimester plasma PLP concentrations) and PUFA concentrations across pregnancy. Models were adjusted for gestational week, first-trimester body mass index, smoking habit, and dietary intakes of vitamin B-6, fish, total fat, and PUFAs. RESULTS Plasma PLP concentrations (median, IQR) substantially declined during pregnancy from 35.8 nmol/L (28.6-44.3 nmol/L) in the first trimester to 21.0 nmol/L (15.8-26.3 nmol/L) in the second trimester, and 16.8 nmol/L (12.9-20.3 nmol/L) in the third trimester (both P < 0.0001). Changes in plasma PLP concentrations across trimesters were positively associated with serum DHA concentrations (β = 0.252, P = 0.012) and inversely associated with serum n-6-to-n-3 (ω-6-to-ω-3) FA ratio (β = -0.010; P = 0.015), after adjustments for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Maternal vitamin B-6 status during pregnancy was positively associated with the circulating concentration of DHA and inversely associated with n-6:n-3 FAs in Brazilian women who were not taking vitamin supplements. Further study is required to determine the impact of poor vitamin B-6 status on fetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Mujica-Coopman
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana B Franco-Sena
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Emília de Jesus Ferreiro Nutrition School, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayana R Farias
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Vaz
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and
| | - Alex Brito
- USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
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11
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Metherel AH, Stark KD. The stability of blood fatty acids during storage and potential mechanisms of degradation: A review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 104:33-43. [PMID: 26802940 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids in blood samples, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are susceptible to degradation through peroxidation reactions during long-term storage. Storage of blood samples is necessary in almost all studies and is crucial for larger clinical studies and in field research settings where it is not plausible for analytical infrastructure. Despite this, PUFA stability during blood storage is often overlooked. This review introduces and discusses lipid peroxidation and popular strategies employed to prevent or minimize peroxidation reactions during fatty acid analysis. Further, an in-depth examination of fatty acid stability during storage of blood is discussed in detail for all blood fractions including plasma/serum, erythrocytes and whole blood stored both in cryovials and on chromatography paper before discussing the associated mechanisms of degradation during storage. To our knowledge this is the first review of its kind and will provide researchers with the necessary information to confidently store blood samples for fatty acid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Metherel
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ken D Stark
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Saccone G, Saccone I, Berghella V. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish oil supplementation during pregnancy: which evidence? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:2389-97. [PMID: 26382010 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1086742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide evidence-based recommendations for omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy through a systematic review of level-1 data published on this topic. METHODS We reviewed all randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) including women who were randomized to treatment with either omega-3 supplementation or control (placebo or no treatment) during pregnancy and analyzed all the outcomes reported in the trials, separately. We planned to evaluate the effect of omega-3 on: preterm birth (PTB); pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); gestational diabetes; perinatal mortality; small for gestational age (SGA) and birth weight; infant eye and brain development; and postpartum depression. RESULTS We identified 34 RCTs including 14 106 singletons and 2578 twins. These level-1 data showed that omega-3 was not associated with prevention of PTB, PE, IUGR, gestational diabetes, SGA, post-partum depression or better children development. Data about birth weight, perinatal mortality and childhood cognitive outcome were limited. Women with gestational diabetes who received omega-3 had significantly lower serum C-reactive protein concentrations, low incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns and decreased newborns' hospitalization rate. CONCLUSIONS There was not enough evidence to support the routine use of omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy. Given the 73% significant decrease in perinatal death in the singleton gestations who started omega-3 supplementation ≤ 20 weeks, further research is needed. Large RCTs in multiple gestations and longer follow-up are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Saccone
- a Department of Neuroscience , Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Irene Saccone
- b Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy , and
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- c Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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13
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Steenweg-de Graaff JCJ, Tiemeier H, Basten MGJ, Rijlaarsdam J, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Roza SJ. Maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy and child problem behavior: the Generation R Study. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:489-97. [PMID: 25521921 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega 3 (n-3) and 6 (n-6) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and the n-3:n-6 ratio are important for brain development. Whether maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy affects risk of problem behavior in later childhood is unclear. METHODS Within a population-based cohort, we measured maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations and n-3:n-6-ratio in mid-pregnancy. Child emotional and behavioral problems at 6 y of age were assessed by parents (child behavior checklist), teachers (teacher report form), and combined parent/teacher report. RESULTS Higher maternal DHA and n-3:n-6 ratio were associated with fewer child emotional problems using parent (odds ratio (OR)DHA = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 0.96; P = 0.02 and OR(n-3:n-6) = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.96; P = 0.01; n = 5,307) and combined parent/teacher scores (ORDHA = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.95; P = 0.01 and OR(n-3:n-6) = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92; P < 0.01; n = 2,828). Higher AA was associated with more child behavioral problems using teacher (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; P = 0.04; n = 3,365) and combined parent/teacher scores (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22; P = 0.02; n = 2,827). Maternal EPA was not associated with child problem behavior. CONCLUSION Indications of associations of maternal LC-PUFA status with child emotional and behavioral problems were found. Future research is needed to identify LC-PUFA-sensitive periods of fetal brain development by including multiple assessments of prenatal LC-PUFA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien C J Steenweg-de Graaff
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje G J Basten
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Rijlaarsdam
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine J Roza
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Strain JJ, Yeates AJ, van Wijngaarden E, Thurston SW, Mulhern MS, McSorley EM, Watson GE, Love TM, Smith TH, Yost K, Harrington D, Shamlaye CF, Henderson J, Myers GJ, Davidson PW. Prenatal exposure to methyl mercury from fish consumption and polyunsaturated fatty acids: associations with child development at 20 mo of age in an observational study in the Republic of Seychelles. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:530-7. [PMID: 25733638 PMCID: PMC4340059 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish is a rich source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) but also contains the neurotoxicant methyl mercury (MeHg). PUFAs may modify the relation between prenatal MeHg exposure and child development either directly by enhancing neurodevelopment or indirectly through the inflammatory milieu. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the associations of prenatal MeHg exposure and maternal PUFA status with child development at 20 mo of age. DESIGN The Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2 is an observational study in the Republic of Seychelles, a high-fish-eating population. Mothers were enrolled during pregnancy and their children evaluated at 20 mo of age by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II), the MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised. There were 1265 mother-child pairs with complete data. RESULTS Prenatal MeHg exposure had no direct associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Significant interactions were found between MeHg and PUFAs on the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the BSID-II. Increasing MeHg was associated with lower PDI but only in children of mothers with higher n-6/n-3. Among mothers with higher n-3 PUFAs, increasing MeHg was associated with improved PDI. Higher maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was associated with improved CDI total gestures (language development) but was significantly adversely associated with the Mental Development Index (MDI), both with and without MeHg adjustment. Higher n-6:n-3 ratios were associated with poorer scores on all 3 CDI outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We found no overall adverse association between prenatal MeHg exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, maternal PUFA status as a putative marker of the inflammatory milieu appeared to modify the associations of prenatal MeHg exposure with the PDI. Increasing DHA status was positively associated with language development yet negatively associated with the MDI. These findings may indicate the existence of an optimal DHA balance with respect to arachidonic acid for different aspects of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Strain
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Alison J Yeates
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Sally W Thurston
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Gene E Watson
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Tanzy M Love
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Tristram H Smith
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Kelley Yost
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Donald Harrington
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Conrad F Shamlaye
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Juliette Henderson
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Gary J Myers
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
| | - Philip W Davidson
- From the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster (JJS, AJY, MSM, and EMM); the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (EvW, SWT, GEW, TML, THS, KY, DH, GJM, and PWD); and the Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles (CFS and JH)
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Early life influences on cognition, behavior, and emotion in humans: from birth to age 20. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 10:315-31. [PMID: 25287547 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1372-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The long-lasting effects of fetal exposure to early life influences (ELI) such as maternal anxiety, stress, and micronutrient deficiencies as well as mediating and moderating factors are quite well established in animal studies, but remain unclear in humans. Here, we report about effects on cognition, behavior, and emotion in offspring aged 5-20 years old in two prospective longitudinal birth cohorts.
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Hale MW, Spencer SJ, Conti B, Jasoni CL, Kent S, Radler ME, Reyes TM, Sominsky L. Diet, behavior and immunity across the lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 58:46-62. [PMID: 25524877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that perinatal events can set an organism on a life-long trajectory for either health or disease, resilience or risk. One early life variable that has proven critical for optimal development is the nutritional environment in which the organism develops. Extensive research has documented the effects of both undernutrition and overnutrition, with strong links evident for an increased risk for obesity and metabolic disorders, as well as adverse mental health outcomes. Recent work has highlighted a critical role of the immune system, in linking diet with long term health and behavioral outcomes. The present review will summarize the recent literature regarding the interactions of diet, immunity, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bruno Conti
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Kent
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Morgan E Radler
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa M Reyes
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luba Sominsky
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Pietrantoni E, Del Chierico F, Rigon G, Vernocchi P, Salvatori G, Manco M, Signore F, Putignani L. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy: a potential tool to prevent membrane rupture and preterm labor. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8024-36. [PMID: 24810692 PMCID: PMC4057716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are required to maintain the fluidity, permeability and integrity of cell membranes. Maternal dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs during pregnancy has beneficial effects, including increased gestational length and reduced risk of pregnancy complications. Significant amounts of ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are transferred from maternal to fetal blood, hence ensuring high levels of DHA in the placenta and fetal bloodstream and tissues. Fetal DHA demand increases exponentially with gestational age, especially in the third trimester, due to fetal development. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), a daily intake of DHA is recommended during pregnancy. Omega-3 PUFAs are involved in several anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving and anti-oxidative pathways. Several placental disorders, such as intrauterine growth restriction, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm-PROM (pPROM), are associated with placental inflammation and oxidative stress. This pilot study reports on a preliminary evaluation of the significance of the daily DHA administration on PROM and pPROM events in healthy pregnant women. Further extensive clinical trials will be necessary to fully elucidate the correlation between DHA administration during pregnancy and PROM/pPROM occurrence, which is related in turn to gestational duration and overall fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pietrantoni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense, 87, Rome 00151, Italy.
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Rigon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense, 87, Rome 00151, Italy.
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | - Guglielmo Salvatori
- Unit of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | - Melania Manco
- Scientific Directorate, Research Unit for Multifactorial Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense, 87, Rome 00151, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, Rome 00165, Italy.
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