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Bacorn M, Romero-Soto HN, Levy S, Chen Q, Hourigan SK. The Gut Microbiome of Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122460. [PMID: 36557713 PMCID: PMC9783902 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been shown to play a critical role in maintaining a healthy state. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is involved in modulating disease severity and potentially contributes to long-term outcomes in adults with COVID-19. Due to children having a significantly lower risk of severe illness and limited sample availability, much less is known about the role of the gut microbiome in children with COVID-19. It is well recognized that the developing gut microbiome of children differs from that of adults, but it is unclear if this difference contributes to the different clinical presentations and complications. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the gut microbiome in children with COVID-19, with gut microbiome dysbiosis being found in pediatric COVID-19 but specific taxa change often differing from those described in adults. Additionally, we discuss possible mechanisms of how the gut microbiome may mediate the presentation and complications of COVID-19 in children and the potential role for microbial therapeutics.
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Wong WS, Sabu P, Deopujari V, Levy S, Shah AA, Clemency N, Provenzano M, Saadoon R, Munagala A, Baker R, Baveja R, Mueller NT, Dominguez-Bello MG, Huddleston K, Niederhuber JE, Hourigan SK. Prenatal and Peripartum Exposure to Antibiotics and Cesarean Section Delivery Are Associated with Differences in Diversity and Composition of the Infant Meconium Microbiome. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E179. [PMID: 32012716 PMCID: PMC7074690 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The meconium microbiome may provide insight into intrauterine and peripartum exposures and the very earliest intestinal pioneering microbes. Prenatal antibiotics have been associated with later obesity in children, which is thought to be driven by microbiome dependent mechanisms. However, there is little data regarding associations of prenatal or peripartum antibiotic exposure, with or without cesarean section (CS), with the features of the meconium microbiome. In this study, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on bacterial DNA of meconium samples from 105 infants in a birth cohort study. After multivariable adjustment, delivery mode (p = 0.044), prenatal antibiotic use (p = 0.005) and peripartum antibiotic use (p < 0.001) were associated with beta diversity of the infant meconium microbiome. CS (vs. vaginal delivery) and peripartum antibiotics were also associated with greater alpha diversity of the meconium microbiome (Shannon and Simpson, p < 0.05). Meconium from infants born by CS (vs. vaginal delivery) had lower relative abundance of the genus Escherichia (p < 0.001). Prenatal antibiotic use and peripartum antibiotic use (both in the overall analytic sample and when restricting to vaginally delivered infants) were associated with differential abundance of several bacterial taxa in the meconium. Bacterial taxa in the meconium microbiome were also differentially associated with infant excess weight at 12 months of age, however, sample size was limited for this comparison. In conclusion, prenatal and peripartum antibiotic use along with CS delivery were associated with differences in the diversity and composition of the meconium microbiome. Whether or not these differences in the meconium microbiome portend risk for long-term health outcomes warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S.W. Wong
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Priya Sabu
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Varsha Deopujari
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Shira Levy
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Ankit A. Shah
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA;
| | - Nicole Clemency
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Marina Provenzano
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Reem Saadoon
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Akhil Munagala
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Robin Baker
- Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Rajiv Baveja
- Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Noel T. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | | | - Kathi Huddleston
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
- College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - John E. Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
- Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Suchitra K. Hourigan
- Inova Children’s Hospital, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
- Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
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Hazrati S, Huddleston K, Sadat-Hossieny S, Tilman LW, Fuller A, Deeken JF, Wong WSW, Niederhuber JE, Hourigan SK. Association of Ancestral Genetic Admixture and Excess Weight at Twelve Months of Age. Child Obes 2020; 16:59-64. [PMID: 31596604 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective: Understanding the influence of genetically determined ancestry may give insight into the disparities of obesity seen in different ethnic groups beginning at a very early age. Aim: To investigate the relationship between children's ancestral genetic proportions and excess weight at 12 months of age. Methods: Eight hundred twenty-one 12-month-old children were included in this cross-sectional study. Their genetic admixture was estimated using the ancestry and kinship tool kit by projecting the samples into the 1000 Genomes principal component database. Weight-for-length percentile (WFLP) at 12 months of age was categorized as <95th percentile or ≥95th percentile. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of admixture proportions, including European (EUR), admixed American (AMR), African (AFR), South Asian (SAS), and East Asian (EAS) populations, with WFLP categories, adjusting for maternal education, birth weight, frequency of breastfeeding, and juice consumption. Results: Eight hundred twenty-one children were included; WFLP <95th percentile = 671 (81.7%) and WFLP ≥95th percentile = 150 (18.3%). Crude ORs showed that the EUR admixture was protective [OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.27-0.74)], whereas AMR [OR 3.85 (95% CI 1.92-7.70)] and AFR [OR 5.70 (95% CI 2.19-14.85)] admixtures were positively associated with excess weight. After adjusting for confounding variables, only the AFR admixture was associated with WFLP ≥95th percentile [OR 7.38 (95% CI 2.31-23.59)]. Conclusions: AFRs remain associated with early excess weight after accounting for confounding variables, suggesting that this ancestral genetic background may contribute to the differences seen in early childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Hazrati
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | | | | | | | - Alma Fuller
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | - John F Deeken
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | - Wendy S W Wong
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA.,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Suchitra K Hourigan
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA.,Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, VA.,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Fairfax, VA
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Connolly AM, Zaidman CM, Golumbek PT, Cradock MM, Flanigan KM, Kuntz NL, Finkel RS, McDonald CM, Iannaccone ST, Anand P, Siener CA, Florence JM, Lowes LP, Alfano LN, Johnson LB, Nicorici A, Nelson LL, Mendell JR. Twice‐weekly glucocorticosteroids in infants and young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2019; 59:650-657. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Connolly
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA 63110
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA
| | - Craig M. Zaidman
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA 63110
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA
| | - Paul T. Golumbek
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA 63110
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA
| | - Mary M. Cradock
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA
| | - Kevin M. Flanigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's HospitalOhio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Nancy L. Kuntz
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Richard S. Finkel
- Department of PediatricsNemours Children's Hospital Orlando Florida USA
| | - Craig M. McDonald
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of California, Davis Medical Center Sacramento California USA
| | - Susan T. Iannaccone
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Pallavi Anand
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA 63110
| | - Catherine A. Siener
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA 63110
| | - Julaine M. Florence
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis St Louis Missouri USA 63110
| | - Linda P. Lowes
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's HospitalOhio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Lindsay N. Alfano
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's HospitalOhio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Linda B. Johnson
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of California, Davis Medical Center Sacramento California USA
| | - Alina Nicorici
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of California, Davis Medical Center Sacramento California USA
| | - Leslie L. Nelson
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Jerry R. Mendell
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's HospitalOhio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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Hazrati S, Khan F, Huddleston K, De La Cruz F, Deeken JF, Fuller A, Wong WSW, Niederhuber JE, Hourigan SK. Clinical and social factors associated with excess weight in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White children. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:256-261. [PMID: 30643189 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanic children are disproportionately affected by obesity, with this disparity starting at a young age, and there is a paucity of data comparing factors associated with excess weight in the first year of life in Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic populations. METHODS Excess weight was defined as weight-for-length ≥95th percentile. The associations of potential risk factors were compared by ethnicity stratification. RESULTS Of the 1009 children, 302 (30.0%) were Hispanic and 707 (70.0%) were non-Hispanic White. The rate of excess weight was 30.1% and 13.6% among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White children, respectively. Factors associated with excess weight for non-Hispanic White children were higher than recommended weight gain during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 1.8 (1.2-3.1)), higher paternal body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.1 (1.02-1.15)), higher birth weight (OR 1.001 (1.001-1.002)), and lower breast milk feedings at 6 months (OR 0.98 (0.96-0.98)). Factors associated with excess weight for Hispanic children were lower maternal education (OR 2.37 (1.1-4.5)) and lower breast milk feedings at 6 months (OR 0.98 (0.96-0.99)). CONCLUSION There are differential risk factors associated with excess weight at 12 months between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White children. Identification of differential factors in different ethnicities may allow for more targeted anticipatory guidance reduce obesity in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Hazrati
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA.
| | - Farah Khan
- Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | | | | | - John F Deeken
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Alma Fuller
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Wendy S W Wong
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA
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