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Xie J, Xiong S, Li Y, Xia B, Li M, Zhang Z, Shi Z, Peng Q, Li C, Lin L, Liao D. Phenolic acids from medicinal and edible homologous plants: a potential anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345002. [PMID: 38975345 PMCID: PMC11224438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been shown to trigger a wide range of chronic diseases, particularly inflammatory diseases. As a result, the focus of research has been on anti-inflammatory drugs and foods. In recent years, the field of medicinal and edible homology (MEH) has developed rapidly in both medical and food sciences, with 95% of MEH being associated with plants. Phenolic acids are a crucial group of natural bioactive substances found in medicinal and edible homologous plants (MEHPs). Their anti-inflammatory activity is significant as they play a vital role in treating several inflammatory diseases. These compounds possess enormous potential for developing anti-inflammatory drugs and functional foods. However, their development is far from satisfactory due to their diverse structure and intricate anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the various types, structures, and distribution of MEHP phenolic acids that have been identified as of 2023. We also analyze their anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanisms in inflammatory diseases through NF-κB, MAPK, NLRP3, Nrf2, TLRs, and IL-17 pathways. Additionally, we investigate their impact on regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and immune responses. This analysis lays the groundwork for further exploration of the anti-inflammatory structure-activity relationship of MEHP phenolic acids, aiming to inspire structural optimization and deepen our understanding of their mechanism, and provides valuable insights for future research and development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Xie
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Suhui Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bohou Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxian Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Yang Q, Meng D, Zhang Q, Wang J. Advances in research on the anti-tumor mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1334915. [PMID: 38515577 PMCID: PMC10955345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1334915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The dry root of the soybean plant Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, Astragali Radix (AR) has a long medicinal history. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), the natural macromolecule that exhibits immune regulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and other pharmacological activities, is an important active ingredient extracted from AR. Recently, APS has been increasingly used in cancer therapy owing to its anti-tumor ability as it prevents the progression of prostate, liver, cervical, ovarian, and non-small-cell lung cancer by suppressing tumor cell growth and invasion and enhancing apoptosis. In addition, APS enhances the sensitivity of tumors to antineoplastic agents and improves the body's immunity. This macromolecule has prospects for broad application in tumor therapy through various pathways. In this article, we present the latest progress in the research on the anti-tumor effects of APS and its underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide novel theoretical support and reference for its use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qinyuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Huang XF, Xue Y, Yong L, Wang TT, Luo P, Qing LS. Chemical derivatization strategies for enhancing the HPLC analytical performance of natural active triterpenoids. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:295-307. [PMID: 38618252 PMCID: PMC11010456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids widely exist in nature, displaying a variety of pharmacological activities. Determining triterpenoids in different matrices, especially in biological samples holds great significance. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become the predominant method for triterpenoids analysis due to its exceptional analytical performance. However, due to the structural similarities among botanical samples, achieving effective separation of each triterpenoid proves challenging, necessitating significant improvements in analytical methods. Additionally, triterpenoids are characterized by a lack of ultraviolet (UV) absorption groups and chromophores, along with low ionization efficiency in mass spectrometry. Consequently, routine HPLC analysis suffers from poor sensitivity. Chemical derivatization emerges as an indispensable technique in HPLC analysis to enhance its performance. Considering the structural characteristics of triterpenoids, various derivatization reagents such as acid chlorides, rhodamines, isocyanates, sulfonic esters, and amines have been employed for the derivatization analysis of triterpenoids. This review comprehensively summarized the research progress made in derivatization strategies for HPLC detection of triterpenoids. Moreover, the limitations and challenges encountered in previous studies are discussed, and future research directions are proposed to develop more effective derivatization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Yong
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Wu J, Deng S, Yu X, Wu Y, Hua X, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Identify production area, growth mode, species, and grade of Astragali Radix using metabolomics "big data" and machine learning. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155201. [PMID: 37976693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragali Radix (AR) is a widely used herbal medicine. The quality of AR is influenced by several key factors, including the production area, growth mode, species, and grade. However, the markers currently used to distinguish these factors primarily focus on secondary metabolites, and their validation on large-scale samples is lacking. PURPOSE This study aims to discover reliable markers and develop classification models for identifying the production area, growth mode, species, and grade of AR. METHODS A total of 366 batches of AR crude slices were collected from six provinces in China and divided into learning (n = 191) and validation (n = 175) sets. Three ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods were developed and validated for determining 22 primary and 10 secondary metabolites in AR methanol extract. Based on the quantification data, seven machine learning algorithms, such as Nearest Neighbors and Gradient Boosted Trees, were applied to screen the potential markers and build the classification models for identifying the four factors associated with AR quality. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that secondary metabolites (e.g., astragaloside IV, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and ononin) played a crucial role in evaluating AR quality, particularly in identifying the production area and species. Additionally, fatty acids (e.g., behenic acid and lignoceric acid) were vital in determining the growth mode of AR, while amino acids (e.g., alanine and phenylalanine) were helpful in distinguishing different grades. With both primary and secondary metabolites, the Nearest Neighbors algorithm-based model was constructed for identifying each factor of AR, achieving good classification accuracy (>70%) on the validation set. Furthermore, a panel of four metabolites including ononin, astragaloside II, pentadecanoic acid, and alanine, allowed for simultaneous identification of all four factors of AR, offering an accuracy of 86.9%. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential of integrating large-scale targeted metabolomics and machine learning approaches to accurately identify the quality-associated factors of AR. This study opens up possibilities for enhancing the evaluation of other herbal medicines through similar methodologies, and further exploration in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shaoqian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hua
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Testing, Wuxi Center for Drug Safety Control, Wuxi, 214028, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhang MQ, Sun KX, Guo X, Chen YY, Feng CY, Chen JS, Barreira JCM, Prieto MA, Sun JY, Zhang JD, Li NY, Liu C. The antihyperuricemia activity of Astragali Radix through regulating the expression of uric acid transporters via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116770. [PMID: 37308029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR) is the dry root of the leguminous plants Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Beg. var. mongholicus (Beg) Hsiao, and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge., being used as a medicinal and edible resource. AR is used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to treat hyperuricemia, but this particular effect is rarely reported, and the associated mechanism of action is still need to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To research the uric acid (UA)-lowering activity and mechanism of AR and the representative compounds through the constructed hyperuricemia mouse and cellular models. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, the chemical profile of AR was analysed by UHPLC-QE-MS, as well as the mechanism of action of AR and the representative compounds on hyperuricemia was studied through the constructed hyperuricemia mouse and cellular models. RESULTS The main compounds in AR were terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. Mice group treated with the highest AR dosage showed significantly lower (p < 0.0001) serum uric acid (208 ± 9 μmol/L) than the control group (317 ± 11 μmol/L). Furthermore, UA increased in a dose-dependence manner in urine and faeces. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen standards, as well as xanthine oxidase in mice liver, decreased (p < 0.05) in all cases, indicating that AR could relieve acute hyperuricemia. UA reabsorption protein (URAT1 and GLUT9) was down-regulated in AR administration groups, while the secretory protein (ABCG2) was up-regulated, indicating that AR could promote the excretion of UA by regulating UA transporters via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. CONCLUSION This study validated the activity, and revealed the mechanism of AR in reducing UA, which provided experimental and clinical basis for the treatment of hyperuricemia with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Xu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Cai-Yun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Joao C M Barreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jin-Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Jian-Dong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Ning-Yang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
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Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Sonfack CS, Fofié CK, Fodem C, Ndjenda II MK, Dongmo AB, Nguelefack TB. Antihypertensive effect of the stem bark aqueous extract of Garcinia lucida Vesque (Clusiaceae) in L-NAME-treated rats: Contribution of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21896. [PMID: 38034670 PMCID: PMC10685198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia lucida is used in Cameroonian folk medicine to handle a variety of ailments, including arterial hypertension. This study aimed at determining the phytochemical profile and the antihypertensive effect of the stem bark aqueous extract of G. lucida (AEGL). AEGL was subjected to LC-MS analysis, and its effect (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day; by gavage) was evaluated against Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 40 mg/kg)-induced hypertension in adult male Wistar rats for four consecutive weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored weekly using tail-cuff plethysmography. The vasorelaxant effect of cumulative concentrations (3-10-30-100-300 μg/mL) of AEGL was examined on endothelium-intact and denuded thoracic aorta rings which were precontracted with KCl (90 mM) or norepinephrine (NE; 10-5 M), and in the absence or presence of L-NAME (10-4 M), indomethacin (10-5 M), methylene blue (10-6 M), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 5 × 10-6 M), glibenclamide (10 × 10-6 M) or propranolol (5 × 10-6 M). The influence of AEGL on the response to NE, KCl, and CaCl2 was also investigated. Six compounds, including Garcinia biflavonoids GB1 and GB2, were identified. AEGL prevented the development of hypertension (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) without affecting the heart rate. AEGL induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of aortic rings precontracted with NE (EC50 = 7.915 μg/mL) that was significantly inhibited by the removal of the endothelium, L-NAME, or methylene blue (p < 0.05-0.001). Indomethacin, propranolol, TEA, and glibenclamide did not affect AEGL-evoked vasorelaxation. Preincubation of aortic rings with AEGL reduced the magnitude of contraction elicited by CaCl2 but did not alter that of KCl or NE. AEGL possesses an antihypertensive effect that is mediated by both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. The activation of the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway accounts for the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. These pharmacological effects of AEGL could be attributed to the presence of the Garcinia biflavonoids GB1 and GB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvine Pami Nguelefack-Mbuyo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Christelle Stéphanie Sonfack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Cameroon
| | - Christian Kuété Fofié
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Chamberlin Fodem
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Magloire Kanyou Ndjenda II
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Alain Bertrand Dongmo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Cameroon
| | - Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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Wang L, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Chen K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Wang B, Ye M, Qiao X. Characterization and structure-based protein engineering of a regiospecific saponin acetyltransferase from Astragalus membranaceus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5969. [PMID: 37749089 PMCID: PMC10519980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylation contributes to the bioactivity of numerous medicinally important natural products. However, little is known about the acetylation on sugar moieties. Here we report a saponin acetyltransferase from Astragalus membranaceus. AmAT7-3 is discovered through a stepwise gene mining approach and characterized as the xylose C3'/C4'-O-acetyltransferse of astragaloside IV (1). To elucidate its catalytic mechanism, complex crystal structures of AmAT7-3/1 and AmAT7-3A310G/1 are obtained, which reveal a large active pocket decided by a specific sequence AADAG. Combining with QM/MM computation, the regiospecificity of AmAT7-3 is determined by sugar positioning modulated by surrounding amino acids including #A310 and #L290. Furthermore, a small mutant library is built using semi-rational design, where variants A310G and A310W are found to catalyze specific C3'-O and C4'-O acetylation, respectively. AmAT7-3 and its variants are also employed to acetylate other bioactive saponins. This work expands the understanding of saponin acetyltransferases, and provide efficient catalytic tools for saponin acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Sarimahmut M, Celikler S. Plants from Northwestern Anatolia Display Selective Cytotoxicity and Induce Mitotic Catastrophe: A Study on Anticancer and Genotoxic Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300460. [PMID: 37477635 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Anatolia is rich in floristic diversity with a high rate of endemism. Eight plant species from northwestern Anatolia were evaluated for their anti-growth properties in two malignant (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and a non-malignant (MCF-10A) breast cell lines. The two most active extracts, Achillea multifida (AME) and Astragalus sibthorpianus (ASE), induced apoptotic cell death in all cell lines. The major phenolic compounds in AME were identified as chlorogenic acid, and catechins in ASE. ASE displayed selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, with DNA damage repair in non-malignant cells contributing to its selectivity. Conversely, AME induced DNA damage in a time-dependent manner and displayed a dual dose-dependent biological activity, resulting in mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis at different doses. Most plant species exhibited moderate to strong cytotoxicity, highlighting their medicinal and economic potential and the need for their protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sarimahmut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Serap Celikler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
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Liu Q, Li J, Gu M, Kong W, Lin Z, Mao J, Zhang M, Jiang L, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu J. High-Throughput Phytochemical Unscrambling of Flowers Originating from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. by Applying the Intagretive Plant Metabolomics Method Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:6115. [PMID: 37630367 PMCID: PMC10458299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao (MO) and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. (ME) are two primary sources of the Astragalus herb, also known as "Huangqi" in China, which is widely applied to treat hypertension, glomerulonephritis, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. As two different sources of the Astragalus herb, the chemical profiles of MO and ME may be different. Previous studies showed abundant differences in chemical composition between MO and ME. Therefore, the by-products of MO and ME, such as Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao flower (MOF) and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. flower (MEF), may have different phytochemical profiles. In this paper, a metabolomics method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to analyze the components of MOF and MEF. Consequently, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that MOF and MEF could be separated clearly. In total, 31 chemical markers differentiating MOF and MEF were successfully identified, including 22 flavonoids, 8 isoflavones and 1 benzopyran. Among them, the contents of 18 components, including Calycosin, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin, Rutin, Kaempferol, Formononetin, Isomucronulatol and Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin in MEF, were significantly higher than in MOF. In turn, the contents of another 13 components, covering Biochanin A, Tectoridin, Isomucronulatol-7-O-glucoside, Liquiritin, Rhamnetin, etc., were lower in the MEF group than that in the MOF group. It is worth noting that flavonoids, especially flavonoid glycosides, were the primary active chemical ingredients in MOF and MEF. The 18 ingredients in MEF with a higher level carried out diverse activities, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor activities, which led us to speculate that MEF may have greater pharmacological effects and potential development prospects than MOF. The present results displayed that the contents of ingredients in the two different species of plants were radically different, and there was significant uniqueness to the components of MOF and MEF. Our study not only provides helpful chemical information for further quality assessment and active mechanism research of MOF and MEF but also offers scientific support for the resource utilization of MOF and MEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Jinghui Li
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Wanying Kong
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhao Lin
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Liyan Jiang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Can Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Jicheng Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
- The Research Institute of Astragalus Industry, Qiqihar Academy of Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China
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10
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Meng Y, Sui X, Pan X, Zhang X, Sui H, Xu T, Zhang H, Liu T, Liu J, Ge P. Density-oriented deep eutectic solvent-based system for the selective separation of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus under ultrasound-assisted conditions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106522. [PMID: 37451008 PMCID: PMC10368916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The water extraction and ethanol precipitation method is an extraction method based on the solubility characteristics of polysaccharides that offers wide applicability in the extraction and separation of plant polysaccharides. However, this method leads to large amounts of proteins, nucleic acids, pigments, and other impurities in the polysaccharides products, which makes downstream purification complicated and time-consuming. In this study, a green, high-density natural deep eutectic solvents was used for the high-purity extraction and separation of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao roots under ultrasound-assisted conditions. In this study, 16 different natural deep eutectic solvents were designed to screen the best solvent for extracting Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs). Based on the yield and recovery of APSs, a natural deep eutectic solvents composed of choline chloride and oxalic acid with a molar ratio of 1:2 was selected. The related factors affecting polysaccharides extraction and solvent precipitation were investigated. To improve the operating methodology, single-factor trials, a Plackett-Burman design, and a Box-Behnken design were used. The optimal extraction process conditions were obtained as follows: water content of 55%, liquid-solid ratio of 24 mL/g, ultrasonic irradiation time of 54 min, ultrasonic irradiation temperature of 50 °C, ultrasonic irradiation power of 480 W, ethanol precipitation time of 24 h, and ethanol concentration of 75%. Under optimal extraction conditions, the recovery of APSs was 61.4 ± 0.6 mg/g. Considering the special matrix characteristics of A. membranaceus var. Mongholicus roots, physical-technology-based ultrasonic waves promote penetration, and the mass transfer function also solves the bottleneck of high-viscosity deep eutectic solvents in the extraction stage. In comparison with the conventional method, the proposed method based on deep eutectic solvents isolation can significantly increase APSs recovery, which is beneficial to simplifying the process of polysaccharides purification by using solvent properties to separate extracts and reduce impurities in APSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Xu Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Huimin Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China; Basic Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China.
| | - Jicheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Pengling Ge
- Basic Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China
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11
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Ye J, Huang Y, Jiang X, Shen P, Zhang C, Zhang J. Research on the interaction of astragaloside IV and calycosin in Astragalus membranaceus with HMGB1. Chin Med 2023; 18:81. [PMID: 37403077 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a lethal late inflammatory mediator, contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory and infectious diseases. Astragaloside IV and calycosin as active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus, possess potent regulatory ability on HMGB1-induced inflammation, however, the interaction between these two phytochemicals and HMGB1 has not been elucidated yet. METHODS To further investigate the interaction of astragaloside IV, calycosin with HMGB1 protein, surface plasma resonance (SPR) and a series of spectroscopic methods, including UV spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), were used. Molecular docking was also carried out to predict the atomic level's binding modes between two components and HMGB1. RESULTS Astragaloside IV and calycosin were found to be able to bind HMGB1 directly and affect the secondary structure and environment of the chromogenic amino acids of HMGB1 to different extents. In silico, astragaloside IV and calycosin showed a synergistic effect by binding to the two independent domains B-box and A-box in HMGB1, respectively, where hydrogen and hydrophobicity bonds were regarded as the crucial forces. CONCLUSION These findings showed that the interaction of astragaloside IV and calycosin with HMGB1 impaired its proinflammatory cytokines function, providing a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of A. membranaceus in treating aseptic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ye
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewa Jiang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Shen
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24# St. Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Dong M, Li J, Yang D, Li M, Wei J. Biosynthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Flavonoids, Triterpene Saponins and Polysaccharides Derived from Astragalus membranaceus. Molecules 2023; 28:5018. [PMID: 37446680 PMCID: PMC10343288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus), a well-known traditional herbal medicine, has been widely used in ailments for more than 2000 years. The main bioactive compounds including flavonoids, triterpene saponins and polysaccharides obtained from A. membranaceus have shown a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological effects. These bioactive compounds have a significant role in protecting the liver, immunomodulation, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cardiovascular activities. The flavonoids are initially synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway, followed by catalysis with corresponding enzymes, while the triterpenoid saponins, especially astragalosides, are synthesized through the universal upstream pathways of mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP), and the downstream pathway of triterpenoid skeleton formation and modification. Moreover, the Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) possesses multiple pharmacological activities. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins, and the structural features of polysaccharides in A. membranaceus. We further systematically summarized the pharmacological effects of bioactive ingredients in A. membranaceus, which laid the foundation for the development of clinical candidate agents. Finally, we proposed potential strategies of heterologous biosynthesis to improve the industrialized production and sustainable supply of natural products with pharmacological activities from A. membranaceus, thereby providing an important guide for their future development trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyin Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.D.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinjuan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Delong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.D.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Bai Y, Wei W, Yao C, Wu S, Wang W, Guo DA. Advances in the chemical constituents, pharmacological properties and clinical applications of TCM formula Yupingfeng San. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105385. [PMID: 36473539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yupingfeng San (YPFS) is a famous and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia in China. It is composed of three Chinese herbs, including Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix. In this review, the relevant references on YPFS were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literatures published from 2000 to 2022 were screened and summarized. The constituents in YPFS could be classified into nine groups according to their structures, including flavonoids, saponins, essential oils, coumarins, lactones, amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, chromones and others. The importance of chemical constituents in YPFS were demonstrated for specific pathological processes including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and pulmonary diseases. This article systematically reviewed the up-to-date information on its chemical compositions, pharmacology and safety, that could be used as essential data and reference for clinical applications of YPFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shifei Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - De-An Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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14
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Bandyopadhyay S, Abiodun OA, Ogboo BC, Kola-Mustapha AT, Attah EI, Edemhanria L, Kumari A, Jaganathan R, Adelakun NS. Polypharmacology of some medicinal plant metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 and host targets: Molecular dynamics evaluation of NSP9 RNA binding protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11467-11483. [PMID: 34370622 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1959401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants as rich sources of bioactive compounds are now being explored for drug development against COVID-19. 19 medicinal plants known to exhibit antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects were manually curated, procuring a library of 521 metabolites; this was virtually screened against NSP9, including some other viral and host targets and were evaluated for polypharmacological indications. Leads were identified via rigorous scoring thresholds and ADMET filtering. MM-GBSA calculation was deployed to select NSP9-Lead complexes and the complexes were evaluated for their stability and protein-ligand communication via MD simulation. We identified 5 phytochemical leads for NSP9, 23 for Furin, 18 for ORF3a, and 19 for IL-6. Ochnaflavone and Licoflavone B, obtained from Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), respectively, were identified to have the highest potential polypharmacological properties for the aforementioned targets and may act on multiple pathways simultaneously to inhibit viral entry, replication, and disease progression. Additionally, MD simulation supports the robust stability of Ochnaflavone and Licoflavone B against NSP9 at the active sites via hydrophobic interactions, H-bonding, and H-bonding facilitated by water. This study promotes the initiation of further experimental analysis of natural product-based anti-COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suritra Bandyopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Blessing Chinweotito Ogboo
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | - Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Ifeanyi Attah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | - Lawrence Edemhanria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa, Nigeria
| | | | - Ravindran Jaganathan
- SriSamraj Health Services Pvt. Ltd, Tindivanam, Tamilnadu, India.,Pre-clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL-RCMP), Malaysia
| | - Niyi S Adelakun
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Bio-Assay and Cheminformatics Unit, Molecular and Simulations, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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15
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Identification of characteristic markers for monofloral honey of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Hsiao: A combined untargeted and targeted MS-based study. Food Chem 2022; 404:134312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Yu X, Xia K, Wu S, Wang Q, Cheng W, Ji C, Yang W, Kang C, Yuan Z, Li Y. Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Six Components in Beagle Dog Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS after Oral Administration of Astragalus Membranaceus Aqueous Extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5488. [PMID: 36001467 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus Membranaceus (AM) is widely applied in Chinese herbal compound formulas for treating various kinds of diseases. However, relative pharmacokinetics (PK) data on AM in non-rodents is still lacking. Here, an UPLC-MS/MS method for determining six main compounds of AM was developed. The chromatographic separation was carried out by a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with gradient elution of water - formic acid (99.98:0.02, v/v), and acetonitrile - formic acid (99.98:0.02, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min within 11 min. Analyses of all compounds were conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with a positive/negative (P/N) ion-switching mode of electrospray ionization (ESI) source in a single run. The analytical method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, etc. The method showed excellent linearity (r > 0.999) over certain concentration ranges. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were evaluated, and the RSD values were less than 12.4%. Furthermore, the validated method was successfully applied to determine the six components in plasma after oral administration of AM aqueous extract to beagle dogs and obtained pharmacokinetic parameters. Together, this study provides a reference for medication in the clinical practice of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Xia
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyang Wu
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiutao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhao Cheng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Ji
- School of pharmaceutical science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Kang
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfei Li
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Bao XF, Cao PH, Zeng J, Xiao LM, Luo ZH, Zou J, Wang CX, Zhao ZX, Zhou ZQ, Zhi H, Gao H. Bioactive pterocarpans from the root of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113249. [PMID: 35609680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eleven undescribed and three known pterocarpans were isolated and identified from the traditional Chinese medicine "Huang-qi", Astragali Radix (the root of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K.Hsiao). The structures of these pterocarpans were determined using spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, quantum chemical calculation, and chemical methods. Pterocarpans, almost exclusively distributed in the family of Leguminosae, are the second largest subgroup of isoflavanoids. However, pterocarpan glycoside number is limited, most of which are glucosides, and only one pterocarpan apioside was isolated from nature. Notably, nine rare apiosyl-containing pterocarpan glycosides were isolated and identified. The hypoglycemic activities of all these compounds were evaluated using α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory assays respectively, and some isolates displayed the α-glucosidase inhibitory function. The antioxidant activities of all compounds were evaluated using the ORAC and DPPH radical scavenging assays, respectively. All compounds exhibited varying degrees of oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and some compounds displayed DPPH radical scavenging ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Bao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Hong Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Min Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Xi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xiang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Qun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zhi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Heterologous Expression of Three Transcription Factors Differently Regulated Astragalosides Metabolic Biosynthesis in Astragalus membranaceus Hairy Roots. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141897. [PMID: 35890531 PMCID: PMC9315567 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus has been used as a highly popular Chinese herbal medicine for centuries. Triterpenoids, namely astragalosides I, II, III, and IV, represent the main active compounds in this plant species. Transcription factors have a powerful effect on metabolite biosynthesis in plants. We investigated the effect of the Arabidopsis MYB12, production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1), and maize leaf color (LC) transcription factors in regulating the synthesis of astragaloside metabolites in A. membranaceus. Overexpression of these transcription factors in hairy roots differentially up-regulated these active compounds. Specifically, the overexpression of LC resulted in the accumulation of astragalosides I–IV. The content of astragalosides I and IV were, in particular, more highly accumulated. Overexpression of MYB12 increased the accumulation of astragaloside I in transgenic hairy roots, followed by astragaloside IV, and overexpression of PAP1 resulted in the increased synthesis of astragalosides I and IV. In addition, we found that overexpression of PAP1 together with LC increased astragaloside III levels. At the transcriptional level, several key genes of the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway, especially HMGR1, HMGR2, and HMGR3, were up-regulated differentially in response to these transcription factors, resulting in astragaloside synthesis in the hairy roots of A. membranaceus. Overall, our results indicated that heterologous expression of Arabidopsis MYB12, PAP1, and maize LC differentially affected triterpenoids biosynthesis, leading to the increased biosynthesis of active compounds in A. membranaceus.
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Ren Y, Gao F, Li B, Yuan A, Zheng L, Zhang Y. A precise efficacy determination strategy of traditional Chinese herbs based on Q-markers: Anticancer efficacy of Astragali radix as a case. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154155. [PMID: 35580440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a "multi-components and multi-efficacy" complex system, traditional Chinese herbs are universally distributed and applied in treating clinical diseases. However, the efficacy deviation and ambiguous clinical location are affected by different effects and content of components caused by uncertain factors in the production process. It further restricts resource allocation and clinical medication and hinders modernization and globalization. In this study, a precise efficacy determination strategy was innovatively proposed, aiming to quantitatively predict the efficacy of herbs and obtain precise medicinal materials. Quality-markers (Q-markers) characterizing the efficacy are conducive to achieving precise efficacy determination. PURPOSE With the anticancer efficacy of Astragali radix (AR) as a case, the present study was designed to establish a methodology for precise efficacy determination based on Q-markers characterizing specific efficacy. METHODS Guided by the basic principles of Q-markers, the potential Q-markers characterizing the anticancer efficacy of AR were screened through molecular simulation and network pharmacology. The activity of Q-markers was evaluated on MDA-MB-231 cells, and the content of Q-markers was determined by HPLC. A quantitative efficacy prediction model of the relationship between the influencing factors and anticancer efficacy was further constructed through the effect-constituents index (ECI) and machine learning and verified by biotechnology, which can be directly applied to predict the efficacy in numerous samples. RESULTS Astragaloside I, astragaloside II, and astragaloside III inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and were successfully quantified in AR samples, reflecting the effectiveness and measurability of Q-markers. Gradient Boost Regression showed the best performance in the quantitative efficacy prediction model with EVtest= 0.815, R2test= 0.802. The results of precise efficacy determination indicated that 1-2-3 (Wuzhai, Shanxi, two years, C segment) sample performed best in 54 batches of AR samples with biased anticancer efficacy. Furthermore, AR samples with higher ECI had higher anticancer efficacy and vice versa. CONCLUSION The precise efficacy determination strategy established in the present study is reliable and proved in the AR case, which is expected to support resource allocation optimization, efficacy stability improvement, and precise clinical medication achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fengfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Beiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Anlei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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20
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Alleviation of liver cirrhosis and associated portal-hypertension by Astragalus species in relation to their UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiles: a mechanistic study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11884. [PMID: 35831335 PMCID: PMC9279505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease characterized by excessive fibrous deposition triggering portal-hypertension (PH); the prime restrainer for cirrhosis-related complications. Remedies that can dually oppose hepatic fibrosis and lower PH, may prevent progression into decompensated-cirrhosis. Different Astragalus-species members have shown antifibrotic and diuretic actions with possible subsequent PH reduction. However, A.spinosus and A.trigonus were poorly tested for eliciting these actions. Herein, A.spinosus and A.trigonus roots and aerial parts extracts were subjected to comprehensive metabolic-fingerprinting using UHPLC-MS/MS resulting in 56 identified phytoconstituents, followed by chemometric untargeted analysis that revealed variable metabolic profiles exemplified by different species and organ types. Consequently, tested extracts were in-vivo evaluated for potential antifibrotic/anticirrhotic activity by assessing specific markers. The mechanistic prospective to induce diuresis was investigated by analyzing plasma aldosterone and renal-transporters gene-expression. Serum apelin and dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase-1 were measured to indicate the overall effect on PH. All extracts amended cirrhosis and PH to varying extents and induced diuresis via different mechanisms. Further, An OPLS model was built to generate a comprehensive metabolic-profiling of A.spinosus and A.trigonus secondary-metabolites providing a chemical-based evidence for their efficacious consistency. In conclusion, A.spinosus and A.trigonus organs comprised myriad pharmacologically-active constituents that act synergistically to ameliorate cirrhosis and associated PH.
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21
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Abstract
To better control the quality of saponins, ensure their biological activity and clinical therapeutic effect, and expand the development and application of saponins, this paper systematically and comprehensively reviews the separation and analytical methods of saponins in the past decade. Since 2010, the electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, CNKI (National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI), Wanfang Med online, and other databases have been searched systematically. As a result, it is found that ionic liquids and high-performance countercurrent chromatography are the most popular extraction and separation techniques for saponins, and the combined chromatography technique is the most widely used method for the analysis of saponins. Liquid chromatography can be used in combination with different detectors to achieve qualitative or quantitative analysis and quality control of saponin compounds in medicinal materials and their preparations. This paper provides the latest valuable insights and references for the analytical methods and continued development and application of saponins.
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22
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Chen J, Zheng Q, Zheng Z, Li Y, Liao H, Zhao H, Guo D, Ma Y. Analysis of the differences in the chemical composition of monascus rice and highland barley monascus. Food Funct 2022; 13:7000-7019. [PMID: 35723016 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monascus rice (MR) and highland barley monascus (HBM), the monascus fermented products, are applied in food and medicine to reduce cholesterol and promote digestion. Due to the fermentation substrates, their compositions are different. However, the exact differences have not been reported to date. By UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis, multiple components of twenty batches of MR and HBM samples were identified. In total, 100 components were confirmed (e.g., monacolins, pigments, decalin derivatives, amino acids). Then, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to filter the components of MR and HBM. In the PCA model, 88.1% of the total variance was uncovered. The OPLS-DA model showed better discrimination between MR and HBM, and the values of R2X, R2Y, and Q2 were 0.837, 0.996, and 0.956, respectively. Based on the value of the variable importance in projection (VIP) and the result of the t-test, 424 components (VIP > 1, p < 0.05) were acquired. Finally, 11 differential components were selected as the characteristic compounds to discriminate between MR and HBM: the content of 9 monacolins (3-hydroxy-3,5-dihydrodehydromonacolin K, monacolin K, dehydromonacolin K, dehydromonacolin J hydroxy acid, monacophenyl, dihydromonacolin J hydroxy acid, monacolin L, dehydromonacolin J, and monacolin R) in HBM was higher than the content in MR, but the content of 2 pigments (ankaflavin and monascin) was lower in HBM and higher in MR. The findings revealed the similarities and differences in the chemical composition between MR and HBM, which is expected to provide a basis for quality control of HBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- National United Engineering Research Center for Tibetan Plateau Microbiology, Tibet, China
| | - Dale Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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23
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Zeng X, Li J, Lyu X, Chen XM, Guo S. Nutritional Characterization and Untargeted Metabolomics of Oyster Mushroom Produced Using Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus Stems and Leaves as Substrates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802801. [PMID: 35185978 PMCID: PMC8853653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus (AMM) is an edible and medicinal material and is commonly used in East Asia. According to the pharmacopeia of China, the dried root of AMM is medicinal. However, the aerial parts of AMM are always directly discarded after harvest. The stems and leaves are also rich in active compounds, including saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides. To rationally use resources, waste products from AMM stems and leaves are useful substrates for edible fungus cultivation. Here, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida) was cultivated on a basal substrate supplemented with AMM stems and leaves (AMM group). The nutritional and chemical composition of the fruiting body were analyzed by metabolomics and chemometrics. Our results showed that AMM addition to the substrate affected the fresh weight, moisture, fat, protein, and element concentrations, and amino acid composition of oyster mushroom. Moreover, 2,156 metabolites were detected and annotated based on the metabolomics data, of which 680 were identified as differentially expressed metabolites. Many active phytometabolites previously identified in AMM herbs were also detected in the metabolomics of oyster mushroom from AMM group, including 46 terpenoids, 21 flavonoids, 17 alkaloids, 14 phenylpropanoids, and 3 fatty acids. In summary, our results imply that oyster mushroom cultured with AMM stems and leaves might have very high nutritional therapy health care value.
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Antioxidant Effect via Bioconversion of Isoflavonoid in Astragalus membranaceus Fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG5276 In Vitro and In Vivo. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus fermented by Lactiplantibacillusplantarum MG5276 (MG5276F-AM) was evaluated in HepG2 cells and in an animal model. HPLC analysis was performed to confirm the bioconversion of the bioactive compounds in A. membranaceus by fermentation. Calycosin and formononetin, which were not detected before fermentation (NF-AM), were detected after fermentation (MG5276F-AM), and its glycoside was not observed in MG5276F-AM. In HepG2 cells, MG5276F-AM alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress by mediating lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels, and upregulated antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In the tBHP-injected mouse model, administration of MG5276F-AM reduced hepatic aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and lipid peroxidation. MG5276F-AM also modulated antioxidant enzymes as well as HepG2 cells. Thus, fermentation of A. membranaceus with L. plantarum MG5276 elevated the isoflavonoid aglycone by hydrolysis of its glycosides, and this bioconversion enhanced antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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25
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Sheng Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Yang B. UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis on Flavonoids Composition in Astragalus membranaceus and Their Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1852. [PMID: 34829723 PMCID: PMC8614773 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a valuable medicinal plant species widely distributed in Asia. Its root is the main medicinal tissue rich in methoxylated flavonoids. Origin can highly influence the chemical composition and bioactivity. To characterize the principal chemicals influenced by origin and provide more information about their antioxidant profile, the extracts of A. membranaceus roots from four origins were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Thirty-four flavonoids, including thirteen methoxylated flavonoids, fifteen flavonoid glycosides and six flavonols, were identified. By principal component analysis, eighteen identified compounds were considered to be principal compounds. They could be used to differentiate A. membranaceus from Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Gansu. The antioxidant activity was analysed by ORAC assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and cell antioxidant activity assay. 'Inner Mongolia' extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. These results were helpful to understand how origin influenced the quality of A. membranaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Bao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Yu X, Nai J, Guo H, Yang X, Deng X, Yuan X, Hua Y, Tian Y, Xu F, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Predicting the grades of Astragali radix using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and machine learning. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:611-616. [PMID: 34765274 PMCID: PMC8572717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR, the dried root of Astragalus) is a popular herbal remedy in both China and the United States. The commercially available AR is commonly classified into premium graded (PG) and ungraded (UG) ones only according to the appearance. To uncover novel sensitive and specific markers for AR grading, we took the integrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches to characterize chemical features of PG and UG samples in a discovery set (n=16 batches). A series of five differential compounds were screened out by univariate statistical analysis, including arginine, calycosin, ononin, formononetin, and astragaloside Ⅳ, most of which were observed to be accumulated in PG samples except for astragaloside Ⅳ. Then, we performed machine learning on the quantification data of five compounds and constructed a logistic regression prediction model. Finally, the external validation in an independent validation set of AR (n=20 batches) verified that the five compounds, as well as the model, had strong capability to distinguish the two grades of AR, with the prediction accuracy > 90%. Our findings present a panel of meaningful candidate markers that would significantly catalyze the innovation in AR grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingxue Nai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Biological Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xuping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yunfei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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27
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Guo L, Sun Y, Ping X, Liu J, Wang X, Qin N. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of
Astragalus membranaceus
aerial parts. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Xueli Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
| | - Nan Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
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28
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Park KR, Park JE, Kim B, Kwon IK, Hong JT, Yun HM. Calycosin-7-O-β-Glucoside Isolated from Astragalus membranaceus Promotes Osteogenesis and Mineralization in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111362. [PMID: 34768792 PMCID: PMC8583672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have received attention in various diseases, such as inflammatory, cancer, and bone diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are critical for forming and repairing bone tissues. Herein, we isolated calycosin-7-O-β-glucoside (Caly) from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, which is one of the most famous medicinal herbs, and investigated the osteogenic activities of Caly in MSCs. Caly did not affect cytotoxicity against MSCs, whereas Caly enhanced cell migration during the osteogenesis of MSCs. Caly increased the expression and enzymatic activities of ALP and the formation of mineralized nodules during the osteogenesis of MSCs. The osteogenesis and bone-forming activities of Caly are mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), phospho-Smad1/5/8, Wnt3a, phospho-GSK3β, and phospho-AKT, inducing the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, Caly-mediated osteogenesis and RUNX2 expression were attenuated by noggin and wortmannin. Moreover, the effects were validated in pre-osteoblasts committed to the osteoblast lineages from MSCs. Overall, our results provide novel evidence that Caly stimulates osteoblast lineage commitment of MSCs by triggering RUNX2 expression, suggesting Caly as a potential anabolic drug to prevent bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Medical Device Research Center, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ji Eun Park
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea; (J.E.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Bomi Kim
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea; (J.E.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Medical Device Research Center, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.H.); (H.-M.Y.); Tel.: +82-02-961-0691 (H.-M.Y.); Fax: +82-02-960-1457 (H.-M.Y.)
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.T.H.); (H.-M.Y.); Tel.: +82-02-961-0691 (H.-M.Y.); Fax: +82-02-960-1457 (H.-M.Y.)
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Yang N, Jiang W, Jiang B, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang H, Guo X, Tang Z. Cotyledon loss of Astragalus membranaceus hindered seedling establishment through mineral element reallocation and carbohydrate depletion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:481-491. [PMID: 34425393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue loss of plants caused by herbivores is very common in nature. As the storage and first photosynthetic organ, the loss of cotyledon severely impacts dicot seedling establishment and the subsequent growth. However, it is still not clear how plants adjust their metabolic strategy in response to cotyledon loss. In this study, we employed ICP-OES, GC and LC-MS to examine the effects of cotyledon removal (RC1: remove one cotyledon, RC2: remove two cotyledon) on mineral element distribution and metabolite changes in a traditional Chinese herbal plant, Astragalus membranaceus. The results showed that cotyledon removal had a greater effect on shoot than root growth. Specifically, RC2 revealed a more serious impact on shoot growth than RC1. Microelement Mn and Na in shoot increased more in RC2 than RC1. Macroelement K and microelement B in root increased in RC2. The metabolite results in shoot showed that sugars related to galactose metabolism reduced while amino acids significantly increased in RC2. In root, sugars related to fructose and mannose metabolism decreased in both RC1 and RC2 while most flavonoids increased in RC2. It can be concluded that cotyledon removal triggered different metabolic strategies in both root and shoot. In shoot, more Mn was absorbed to improve the lowered photosynthetic efficiency. Meanwhile, increased Na may have promoted carbohydrate consumption and amino acid synthesis, thereby maintaining shoot growth. In root, K and B participation in cell division and expansion increased, as well as the delivery and metabolism of carbohydrates, to maintain root system growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wanting Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Harbin Customs Technology Center, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Hongzheng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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Jiao Y, Si Y, Li L, Wang C, Lin H, Liu J, Liu Y, Liu J, Li P, Li Z. Comprehensive phytochemical profiling of American ginseng in Jilin province of China based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4787. [PMID: 34725896 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
American ginseng (AG), the underground part of Panax quinquefolium L., is composed of four morphological regions, including main root (MR), lateral root (LR), fibrous root (FR), and rhizome (RH). In the clinical, MR is the main medicinal region, other regions are rarely attention. Aiming at revealing the chemical composition of AG and making better use of AG, screening analysis and metabolomic analysis were both performed to profile MR, LR, FR, and RH. First, in the systematical screening analysis, a total of 134 compounds (including 122 shared components) with various structural patterns were identified and tentatively characterized. The results indicated that the phytochemicals with various structural types were rich in MR, LR, FR, and RH. Second, 6, 4, 8, and 11 chemical markers were identified from MR, LR, FR, and RH, respectively. Seven triterpene saponins (protopanaxatriol, quinquenoside R1 , ginsenoside Rc, Rk1 , Rg1 , Re, and vinaginsenoside R1 ) might be used for rapid differentiation of four morphological regions. This comprehensive profile study of metabolites illustrated the similarities and differences of phytochemicals in four morphological regions of AG. The results could be used for the quality control of AG and furnish a basis for the further development and utilization of AG sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Si
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongqiang Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junli Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhe Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liang P, Mao L, Ma Y, Ren W, Yang S. A systematic review on Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms and clinical outcomes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114234. [PMID: 34044079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become a severe threat for human health worldwide, however, optimal therapeutic options are still developed. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule (ZL capsule) is mainly composed of Astragalus membranaceus, Leech, Earthworm, Cinnamomum cassia and Sargentodoxa cuneata, having functions of replenishing qi and activating blood, dispelling wind and reducing phlegm. It is an expanded application on the basis of traditional uses of above TCMs, acquiring a satisfactory curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases over twenty years. AIM OF THE STUDY To comprehensively summarize the main components of ZL capsule, understand the mechanisms of ZL capsule, and conclude clinical regimens of ZL capsule for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected network pharmacology technology to analyze main active compounds and predict underlying mechanism of ZL capsule against atherosclerosis. Molecular docking was performed to simulate the interaction pattern between the active components of ZL capsule and putative targets. Further, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar were used to search literatures, with the key words of "Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule", "cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases", "atherosclerosis", "clinical study" and their combinations, mainly from 2000 to 2020. RESULTS Both network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking and animal experiments studies confirmed that mechanisms of ZL capsule plays the role of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by multi-components acting on multi-targets via multi-pathways. Over 1000 clinical cases were benefited from the treatment of ZL capsule, suggesting a holistic concept of "the same therapy for different myocardial and cerebral diseases". CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this systematic review may supply meaningful information for further studies to explore material basis and pharmacodynamics of ZL capsule and also provide a basis for sharing the "Chinese patent medicine" for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Ma
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Li C, Li J, Li Y, Li L, Luo Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhou X, Gong H, Jin X, Liu Y. Isorhamnetin Promotes MKN-45 Gastric Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting PI3K-Mediated Adaptive Autophagy in a Hypoxic Environment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8130-8143. [PMID: 34269571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A tumor-related hypoxic microenvironment can promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, and hypoxic-induced autophagy is the main mechanism of protection against hypoxia in gastric cancer cells. Isorhamnetin (ISO) is a chemical substance derived from plants, mainly from the sea buckthorn. Previous studies have shown that ISO has antitumor effects, but the effects of ISO against gastric cancer in a hypoxic environment are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of ISO against gastric cancer in a hypoxic environment and the mechanisms underlying ISO-induced gastric cancer cell death. The results show that ISO targeted PI3K and blocked the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, significantly inhibiting gastric cancer cell autophagy in a hypoxic environment, inhibiting cell proliferation, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. ISO, a functional food component, is a promising candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yali Luo
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiuzhu Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhou
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxia Gong
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Dun huang Medical and Transformation, Ministry of Education, No. 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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Zan K, Hu X, Li Y, Wang Y, Jin H, Zuo T, Ma S. Simultaneous determination of eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids in various parts of Eupatorium lindleyanum by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and risk assessments based on a real-life exposure scenario. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3237-3247. [PMID: 34240803 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are toxins having hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects on human health. A ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique was developed for the first time for the simultaneous determination of eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including four diastereoisomers (intermedine, lycopsamine, rinderine, and echinatine) and their respective N-oxide forms, in different parts of Eupatorium lindleyanum. The risk assessment method for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Eupatorium lindleyanum was explored using the margin of exposure strategy for the first time based on a real-life exposure scenario. Differences were found in all eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids in various parts of Eupatorium lindleyanum. Besides, the total levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Eupatorium lindleyanum followed the order of root > flower > stem > leaf. Moreover, the risk assessment data revealed that the deleterious effects on human health were unlikely at exposure times of less than 200, 37, and 12 days during the lifetimes of Eupatorium lindleyanum leaves, stems, and flowers, respectively. This study reported both the contents of and risk associated with Eupatorium lindleyanum pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The comprehensive application of the novel ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique alongside the risk assessment approach provided a scientific basis for quality evaluation and rational utilization of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Eupatorium lindleyanum to improve public health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China
| | - Yaolei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China
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Yin M, Chu S, Shan T, Zha L, Peng H. Full-length transcriptome sequences by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:61. [PMID: 34130711 PMCID: PMC8207730 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus mongholicus Bunge is an important medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is rich in isoflavonoids and triterpenoid saponins. Although these active constituents of A. mongholicus have been discovered for a long time, the genetic basis of isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in this plant is virtually unknown because of the lack of a reference genome. Here, we used a combination of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to identify genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites in A. mongholicus. RESULTS In this study, NGS, SMRT sequencing, and targeted compound analysis were combined to investigate the association between isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin content, and specific gene expression in the root, stem, and leaves of A. mongholicus. Overall, 643,812 CCS reads were generated, yielding 121,107 non-redundant transcript isoforms with an N50 value of 2124 bp. Based on these highly accurate transcripts, 104,756 (86.50%) transcripts were successfully annotated by any of the seven databases (NR, NT, Swissprot, KEGG, KOG, Pfam and GO). Levels of four isoflavonoids and four astragalosides (triterpenoid saponins) were determined. Forty-four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis and 44 DEGs from 16 gene families that encode enzymes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis were identified. Transcription factors (TFs) associated with isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis, including 72 MYBs, 53 bHLHs, 64 AP2-EREBPs, and 11 bZIPs, were also identified. The above transcripts showed different expression trends in different plant organs. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important genetic information on the A. mongholicus genes that are essential for isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis, and provides a basis for developing the medicinal value of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhen Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Research Unit of DAO-DI Herbs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU57, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Tingyu Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Liangping Zha
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Huasheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Research Unit of DAO-DI Herbs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU57, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Lakshmanan DK, Ravichandran G, Elangovan A, Jeyapaul P, Murugesan S, Thilagar S. Cissus quadrangularis (veldt grape) attenuates disease progression and anatomical changes in mono sodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee osteoarthritis in the rat model. Food Funct 2021; 11:7842-7855. [PMID: 32812575 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) stem has interesting nutritional and pharmacological properties to promote the health of the skeletal system. It is a well-recognized plant in the conventional system of medicine in India for treating bone and joint-associated complications. This study focuses on identifying the active constituents from the stem and root extracts of CQ and validating its anti-osteoarthritic activity by the in vivo model. Notable levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found in the ethanol extracts of both CQ stem (CQSE) and root (CQRE), among other solvent fractions. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of these selective extracts resulted in different classes of active compounds from both positive and negative ionization modes. By analyzing their mass spectra and fragmentation pattern, 25 active compounds were identified. The CQSE and CQRE extracts, along with the standard drug (naproxen), were further tested in mono-sodium iodoacetate-induced experimental OA animals. The modulatory effects of the test extracts were assessed by haematology, synovial and cartilage marker profiling, radiology and histopathological analysis. The in vivo findings from the biochemical and physiological studies have led to the conclusion that the CQSE extract is a good choice for the management of OA. The results were substantially better than CQ root extract and naproxen drug-treated groups. Thus, CQS has bioactive constituents, which could facilitate recovery from joint tissue damage, cellular metabolism and associated risk factors attributable to dysfunctions in OA incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Lakshmanan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India.
| | - Guna Ravichandran
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India.
| | - Abbirami Elangovan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India.
| | - Preethi Jeyapaul
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Selvakumar Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Sivasudha Thilagar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India.
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Ny V, Houška M, Pavela R, Tříska J. Potential benefits of incorporating Astragalus membranaceus into the diet of people undergoing disease treatment: An overview. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Su HF, Shaker S, Kuang Y, Zhang M, Ye M, Qiao X. Phytochemistry and cardiovascular protective effects of Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix). Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1999-2038. [PMID: 33464616 DOI: 10.1002/med.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix) is an herbal tonic widely used in China and many other countries. It is derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and shows potent cardiovascular protective effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed 189 small molecules isolated from the two Astragalus species and discussed the interspecies chemical differences. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Huang-Qi and its major bioactive compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers 171 references published between February 1983 and March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sharpkate Shaker
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Han X, Zhou Y, Ni X, Chu S, Cheng M, Tan L, Zha L, Peng H. Programmed cell death during the formation of rhytidome and interxylary cork in roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae). Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1400-1413. [PMID: 33455029 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role throughout the lives of plants, it is regarded as a highly regulated and active process of plant cell death during the times of biotic or abiotic stress. This study aims to provide developmental anatomical characteristics of the interxylary cork formation in the roots of Astragalus. membranaceus var. mongholicus, and to subsequently show cytomorphological evidence that PCD is involved in the development of rhytidome and interxylary cork. The developmental anatomy of rhytidome and interxylary cork of the perennial fresh main root of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was studied using light microscopy, whereas the PCD in the development of rhytidome and interxylary cork was studied using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Histologically, it was observed that the parenchyma cells of secondary phloem and xylem in roots recovered their meristematic ability, and later developed into rhytidome and interxylary cork. Cytologically, ultrastructural characteristics such as nucleus malformation, vacuole disappearance, mitochondrial degeneration, and vesicle filling were observed. In roots, the nucleus of the phloem parenchyma cells were terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive from the pre-rhytidome stage to the formation of rhytidome stage and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI)-negative during the mature rhytidome stage. The TUNEL assay of the xylem parenchyma cells showed positive characteristics from the early stage of interxylary cork formation to the interxylary cork formation stage, whereas DAPI-negative characteristics were observed in the mature interxylary cork. Gel electrophoresis showed that DNA cleavage was random. Our results indicated that the formation of the rhytidome and interxylary cork involved the PCD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Han
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yafu Zhou
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, China
| | - Xilu Ni
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of North-western China; Key Lab for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in North-western China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming'en Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Tan
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangping Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huasheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Research Unit of DAO-DI Herbs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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39
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Liu F, Pei S, Li W, Wang X, Liang C, Yang R, Zhang Z, Yao X, Fang D, Xie S, Sun H. Characterization of Formononetin Sulfonation in SULT1A3 Overexpressing HKE293 Cells: Involvement of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 in Excretion of Sulfate. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:614756. [PMID: 33510641 PMCID: PMC7836013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Formononetin is one of the main active compounds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Astragalus membranaceus. However, disposition of formononetin via sulfonation pathway remains undefined. Here, expression-activity correlation was performed to identify the contributing of SULT1A3 to formononetin metabolism. Then the sulfonation of formononetin and excretion of its sulfate were investigated in SULT1A3 overexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells (or HKE-SULT1A3 cells) with significant expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4). As a result, formononetin sulfonation was significantly correlated with SULT1A3 protein levels (r = 0.728; p < 0.05) in a bank of individual human intestine S9 fractions (n = 9). HEK-SULT1A3 cells catalyzed formononetin formation of a monosulfate metabolite. Sulfate formation of formononetin in HEK-SULT1A3 cell lysate followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax = 13.94 pmol/min/mg and Km = 6.17 μM). Reduced activity of MRP4 by MK-571 caused significant decrease in the excretion rate (79.1%–94.6%) and efflux clearance (85.3%–98.0%) of formononetin sulfate, whereas the BCRP specific inhibitor Ko143 had no effect. Furthermore, silencing of MRP4 led to obvious decrease in sulfate excretion rates (>32.8%) and efflux clearance (>50.6%). It was worth noting that the fraction of dose metabolized (fmet), an indicator of the extent of drug sulfonation, was also decreased (maximal 26.7%) with the knockdown of MRP4. In conclusion, SULT1A3 was of great significance in determining sulfonation of formononetin. HEK-SULT1A3 cells catalyzed formononetin formation of a monosulfate. MRP4 mainly contributed to cellular excretion of formononetin sulfate and further mediated the intracellular sulfonation of formononetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanye Liu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuhua Pei
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhansheng Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Sharifi-Rad M, Pohl P, Epifano F, Álvarez-Suarez JM. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Astragalus tribuloides Delile. Root Extract: Characterization, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2383. [PMID: 33260441 PMCID: PMC7760762 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Today, the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a promising strategy in material science and nanotechnology. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized through the high-efficient, cost-effective green and facile process, using the Astragalus tribuloides Delile. root extract as a bioreduction and capping agent at room temperature. UV-Vis spectroscopy was applied for the investigation of the reaction proceedings. To characterize the greenly synthesized AgNPs, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were utilized. In addition, the total phenolics and flavonoids contents, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of the greenly synthesized AgNPs and the A. tribuloides root extract were evaluated. The results indicated that the AgNPs had spherical morphology and crystalline structure with the average size of 34.2 ± 8.0 nm. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents of the greenly synthesized AgNPs were lower than those for the A. tribuloides root extract. The resultant AgNPs exhibited the appropriate antioxidant activity (64%) as compared to that for the A. tribuloides root extract (47%). The antibacterial test approved the higher bactericidal activity of the resulting AgNPs on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in comparison to the A. tribuloides root extract. Considering the anti-inflammatory activity, the greenly synthesized AgNPs showed a stranger effect than the A. tribuloides root extract (82% versus 69% at 500 μg/mL). Generally, the AgNPs that were fabricated by using the A. tribuloides root extract had appropriate antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities and, therefore, can be considered as a promising candidate for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Italy;
| | - José M. Álvarez-Suarez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
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Sarikurkcu C, Zengin G. Polyphenol Profile and Biological Activity Comparisons of Different Parts of Astragalus macrocephalus subsp. finitimus from Turkey. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080231. [PMID: 32824439 PMCID: PMC7464095 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The members of the genus Astragalus have great interest as traditional drugs in several folk systems including Turkey. In this sense, the present paper was aimed to explore the biological properties and chemical profiles of different parts (aerial parts, leaves, flowers, stems, and roots) of A. macrocephalus subsp. finitimus. Antioxidant (radical quenching, reducing power, and metal chelating) and enzyme inhibitory (α-amylase and tyrosinase) effects were investigated for biological properties. Regarding chemical profiles, individual phenolic compounds were detected by LC-MS, as well as total amounts. The leaves extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant abilities when compared with other parts. However, flowers extract had the best metal chelating ability. Hyperoside, apigenin, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids were identified as main compounds in the tested parts. Regarding enzyme inhibitory properties, tyrosinase inhibitory effects varied from IC50: 1.02 to 1.41 mg/mL. In addition, the best amylase inhibition effect was observed by leaves (3.36 mg/mL), followed by aerial parts, roots, stems, and flowers. As a result, from multivariate analysis, the tested parts were classified in three cluster. Summing up the results, it can be concluded that A. macrocephalus subsp. finitimus could be a precious source of natural bioactive agents in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-332-223-2781
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