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Gholap AD, Sayyad SF, Hatvate NT, Dhumal VV, Pardeshi SR, Chavda VP, Vora LK. Drug Delivery Strategies for Avobenzone: A Case Study of Photostabilization. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031008. [PMID: 36986867 PMCID: PMC10059943 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several developments and research methods are ongoing in drug technology and chemistry research to elicit effectiveness regarding the therapeutic activity of drugs along with photoprotection for their molecular integrity. The detrimental effect of UV light induces damaged cells and DNA, which leads to skin cancer and other phototoxic effects. The application of sunscreen shields to the skin is important, along with recommended UV filters. Avobenzone is widely used as a UVA filter for skin photoprotection in sunscreen formulations. However, keto-enol tautomerism propagates photodegradation into it, which further channelizes the phototoxic and photoirradiation effects, further limiting its use. Several approaches have been used to counter these issues, including encapsulation, antioxidants, photostabilizers, and quenchers. To seek the gold standard approach for photoprotection in photosensitive drugs, combinations of strategies have been implemented to identify effective and safe sunscreen agents. The stringent regulatory guidelines for sunscreen formulations, along with the availability of limited FDA-approved UV filters, have led many researchers to develop perfect photostabilization strategies for available photostable UV filters, such as avobenzone. From this perspective, the objective of the current review is to summarize the recent literature on drug delivery strategies implemented for the photostabilization of avobenzone that could be useful to frame industrially oriented potential strategies on a large scale to circumvent all possible photounstable issues of avobenzone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner 422608, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadikali F Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner 422608, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navnath T Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vilas V Dhumal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar R Pardeshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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2
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Lima PJM, da Silva RM, Neto CACG, Gomes E Silva NC, Souza JEDS, Nunes YL, Sousa Dos Santos JC. An overview on the conversion of glycerol to value-added industrial products via chemical and biochemical routes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2794-2818. [PMID: 33481298 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol is a common by-product of industrial biodiesel syntheses. Due to its properties, availability, and versatility, residual glycerol can be used as a raw material in the production of high value-added industrial inputs and outputs. In particular, products like hydrogen, propylene glycol, acrolein, epichlorohydrin, dioxalane and dioxane, glycerol carbonate, n-butanol, citric acid, ethanol, butanol, propionic acid, (mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols), cynamoil esters, glycerol acetate, benzoic acid, and other applications. In this context, the present study presents a critical evaluation of the innovative technologies based on the use of residual glycerol in different industries, including the pharmaceutical, textile, food, cosmetic, and energy sectors. Chemical and biochemical catalysts in the transformation of residual glycerol are explored, along with the factors to be considered regarding the choice of catalyst route used in the conversion process, aiming at improving the production of these industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jéssyca Morais Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rhonyele Maciel da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - IEDS, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Cleiton Sousa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - IEDS, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE, Brazil
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3
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Moi S, Shekh S, Reddy KKA, Dhurjad P, Sonti R, Gowd KH. Peptide Cysteine Thiols Act as Photostabilizer of Avobenzone through Stabilising the Transition State of Keto-enol Tautomerization. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:911-919. [PMID: 35975619 DOI: 10.1111/php.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photostabilizers have been used to impart stability to an FDA-approved chemical UV-A filter avobenzone against the UV-A radiations and sunlight. The thiol group of glutathione plays a critical role in imparting the photostabilization activity of glutathione on avobenzone. The current report aims to evaluate the photostabilization activity of multiple thiols containing cysteine peptides on avobenzone. Cysteine-tripeptide and cysteine-pentapeptide were chemically synthesized and characterized using mass spectrometry. Synthetic peptides were assessed for their photostabilization activity on the enolic-form of the avobenzone under natural sunlight using UV-spectroscopy in both protic and aprotic solvents. Unlike glutathione which has pronounced activity in protic solvents, cysteine-pentapeptide exhibits similar photoprotection activity in both protic and aprotic solvents. Computational calculations using DFT suggest that peptide cysteine thiols may assist in the reversal of the photoketonization process of avobenzone thereby exhibiting the photoprotection activity to the enolic-form of avobenzone. Peptide cysteine thiols lower the activation energy barrier of keto-to-enol tautomerization of avobenzone by 30 kcal/mol by assisting the proton shuttle through a six-membered transition state. The current report emphasizes the applications of peptide thiols in cosmetics and may help in the development of peptides as aesthetic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Moi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamasoddin Shekh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - K Kasi Amarnath Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Dhurjad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
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4
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Al-Saeedi FMAA, Dahmash EZ. In Vitro Assessment of Sunscreen Efficacy Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy on Synthetic Skin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:73. [PMID: 35149892 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are several methods for assessing the sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreen products, there is no standard and reliable in vitro method. Each test entails limitations and drawbacks. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the employability of FTIR as an alternative and quick method to evaluate the efficacy of various sunscreen formulations, their concentrations, and the timing of their application. Infrared radiation has longer wavelengths than ultraviolet, penetrates deeply into the skin, and hence enables the understanding of sunscreens' ability to block the transmission of radiation. The FTIR transmission using synthetic skin to study the effect of sunscreen agents (oxybenzone, octyl methoxycinnamate, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO)) was conducted in the range 450-4000cm-1. Comparison studies were made at the peak of 805cm-1. After 2 h of sunscreen application, using the maximum concentrations, the FTIR peak at wavenumber 805cm-1 demonstrated a significant reduction of transmission from 96.55 to 60.09%, 57.59%, 32.02%, and 37.1% for oxybenzone, octyl methoxycinnamate, TiO2, and ZnO respectively (P<0.05). A significant reduction in transmission was observed (P<0.05) with increasing sunscreen concentrations after 2 h of application. Nevertheless, the upper limit of concentration showed no appreciable change from the middle level of concentration, and hence it is cost-effective to employ the middle concentration. Inorganic sunscreens showed a higher protection level than organic. Fixed-dose combinations of sunscreens showed an enhanced effect yet were not synergistic. In conclusion, the use of FTIR spectroscopy with synthetic skin is a quick and user-friendly technique that enables the assessment of the efficacy of sunscreen formulations.
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Martins TEA, Pinto CASDO, Oliveira ACD, Lima FV, Velasco MVR, Rodrigues LNC, Baby AR. RP-HPLC simultaneous quantification of rutin, avobenzone, and octyl methoxycinnamate in the presence of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD). BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabiana Vieira Lima
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Guan LL, Lim HW, Mohammad TF. Sunscreens and Photoaging: A Review of Current Literature. Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:819-828. [PMID: 34387824 PMCID: PMC8361399 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens have been on the market for many decades as a means of protection against ultraviolet-induced erythema. Over the years, evidence has also shown their efficacy in the prevention of photoaging, dyspigmentation, DNA damage, and photocarcinogenesis. In the USA, most broad-spectrum sunscreens provide protection against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and short-wavelength ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. Evidence suggests that visible light and infrared light may play a role in photoaging and should be considered when choosing a sunscreen. Currently, there is a paucity of US FDA-approved filters that provide protection against long UVA (> 370 nm) and none against visible light. Additionally, various sunscreen additives such as antioxidants and photolyases have also been reported to protect against and possibly reverse signs of photoaging. This literature review evaluates the utility of sunscreen in protecting against photoaging and further explores the requirements for an ideal sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna L Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Henry Ford Medical Center-New Center One, 3031 W. Grand Boulevard, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Henry Ford Medical Center-New Center One, 3031 W. Grand Boulevard, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tasneem F Mohammad
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Henry Ford Medical Center-New Center One, 3031 W. Grand Boulevard, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Ginzburg AL, Blackburn RS, Santillan C, Truong L, Tanguay RL, Hutchison JE. Zinc oxide-induced changes to sunscreen ingredient efficacy and toxicity under UV irradiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1273-1285. [PMID: 34647278 PMCID: PMC8550398 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreen safety and efficacy is generally evaluated based upon the properties of the individual chemicals in a formulation. However, the photostability of sunscreens has been shown to be highly dependent on the mixture of chemicals present. To better understand how sunscreen formulation influences stability, and to establish a foundation for probing the influence of zinc oxide additives, we formulated five different small-molecule based ultraviolet-filter (UV-filter) mixtures with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 15. These mixtures contained active ingredients approved in either the United States or European Union and were designed to represent formulations of actual products on the market. We evaluated the photostability and toxicity of these mixtures in the absence and presence of zinc oxide after UV exposure for two hours. Changes in UV absorbance were minimal for all five small-molecule-based mixtures without zinc oxide. The presence of either micro- or nano-sized zinc oxide caused significant small-molecule photodegradation and the degraded mixtures exhibited higher levels of toxicity in embryonic zebrafish assays. This study suggests that caution must be taken when formulating sunscreens containing both zinc oxide and small-molecule UV-filters to avoid unintended consequences during use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora L Ginzburg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Richard S Blackburn
- Sustainable Materials Research Group, School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Claudia Santillan
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - James E Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
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Finding Nano: Challenges Involved in Monitoring the Presence and Fate of Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has increasingly been used as an inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filter for sun protection. However, nano-TiO2 may also pose risks to the health of humans and the environment. Thus, to adequately assess its potential adverse effects, a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour and fate of TiO2 in different environments is crucial. Advances in analytical and modelling methods continue to improve researchers’ ability to quantify and determine the state of nano-TiO2 in various environments. However, due to the complexity of environmental and nanoparticle factors and their interplay, this remains a challenging and poorly resolved feat. This paper aims to provide a focused summary of key particle and environmental characteristics that influence the behaviour and fate of sunscreen-derived TiO2 in swimming pool water and natural aquatic environments and to review the current state-of-the-art of single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) approaches to detect and characterise TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous media. Furthermore, it critically analyses the capability of existing fate and transport models to predict environmental TiO2 levels. Four particle and environmental key factors that govern the fate and behaviour of TiO2 in aqueous environments are identified. A comparison of SP-ICP-MS studies reveals that it remains challenging to detect and characterise engineered TiO2 nanoparticles in various matrices and highlights the need for the development of new SP-ICP-MS pre-treatment and analysis approaches. This review shows that modelling studies are an essential addition to experimental studies, but they still lack in spatial and temporal resolution and mostly exclude surface transformation processes. Finally, this study identifies the use of Bayesian Network-based models as an underexplored but promising modelling tool to overcome data uncertainties and incorporates interconnected variables.
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Sunscreens and their usefulness: have we made any progress in the last two decades? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:189-244. [PMID: 33721254 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens have now been around for decades to mitigate the Sun's damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation which, although essential for the existence of life, is a recognized prime carcinogen. Accordingly, have suncreams achieved their intended purposes towards protection against sunburns, skin photo-ageing and the like? Most importantly, however, have they provided the expected protection against skin cancers that current sunscreen products claim to do? In the last two decades, there have been tens, if not hundreds of studies on sunscreens with respect to skin protection against UVB (280‒320 nm)-traditionally sunscreens with rather low sun protection factors (SPF) were intended to protect against this type of radiation-and UVA (320‒400 nm) radiation; a distinction between SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) is made. Many of the studies of the last two decades have focused on protection against the more skin-penetrating UVA radiation. This non-exhaustive article reviews some of the important facets of what is currently known about sunscreens with regard (i) to the physical UV filters titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) and the mostly photo-unstable chemical UVB/UVA filters (e.g., octinoxate (OMC) and avobenzone (AVO), among others), (ii) to novel chemical sunscreen agents, (iii) to means that minimize the breakdown of chemical filters and improve their stability when exposed to UV sunlight, (iv) to SPF factors, and (v) to a short discussion on non-melanoma skin cancers and melanoma. Importantly, throughout the article we allude to the safety aspects of sunscreens and at the end ask the question: do active ingredients in sunscreen products pose a risk to human health, and what else can be done to enhance protection? Significant loss of skin protection from two well-known commercial suncreams when exposed to simulated UV sunlight. Cream I: titanium dioxide, ethylhexyl triazone, avobenzone, and octinoxate; Cream II: octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate.
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Abstract
Several topical products have been developed to avoid the harmful effects from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as sunscreens. Research for actives from natural sources is increasing due to the fact that chemical filters could induce adverse events. The microalgae Botryococcus braunii has potential interest in cosmetic applications. Specialized literature reported that B. braunii aqueous extract induced a reduction in skin dehydration and collagen production and promoted antioxidant activity. This research aimed to produce B. braunii biomass and to investigate its contribution regarding photoprotection. Formulations containing B. braunii dry biomass, with or without UV filters into vehicles composed of an emulsifying polymer or a self-emulsifying base, were evaluated in vitro by means of photoprotective activity and photostability. B. braunii dry biomass did not provide adequate photoprotection efficacy; however, it was observed that the self-emulsifying base promoted better sun protection factor (SPF) in comparison with the emulsifying polymer.
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Egambaram OP, Kesavan Pillai S, Ray SS. Materials Science Challenges in Skin UV Protection: A Review. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:779-797. [PMID: 31886889 DOI: 10.1111/php.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UV radiation is one of the critical environmental stress factors for human skin, which can trigger various problems such as pruritus, burning, erythema, premature skin aging and skin cancer. Hence, UV protection has become an indispensable daily routine and the use of topical sunscreen products is rapidly increasing. However, there are emerging concerns over the efficiency and safety of existing chemical and physical UV filters used in consumer products. Furthermore, there is no universally approved method for assessing sun protection efficiency regardless of the immediate end user need to develop safer sunscreen products that afford broad-spectrum photoprotection. It is evident that the current organic and inorganic UV filters have significant unfavorable impacts on human, environmental, and marine safety. Therefore, effective alternative UV filters should be established. This article comprehensively reviews the properties, safety, health and ecological concerns of various UV filters including TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as well as the limitations of the testing protocols and guidelines provided by major regulatory bodies. The photoreactivity of UV filters used in sunscreen remains a major challenge, and it is crucial to develop new sunscreen ingredients, which not only protect the consumer, but also the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orielia Pria Egambaram
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Ansari MA, Murali M, Prasad D, Alzohairy MA, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, Udayashankar AC, Singh SB, Asiri SMM, Ashwini BS, Gowtham HG, Kalegowda N, Amruthesh KN, Lakshmeesha TR, Niranjana SR. Cinnamomum verum Bark Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Potentiality. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E336. [PMID: 32092985 PMCID: PMC7072335 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum plant extract mediated propellant chemistry route was used for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Prepared samples were confirmed for their nano regime using advanced characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction and microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The energy band gap of the green synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO)-nanoparticles (NPs) were found between 3.25-3.28 eV. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy shows the presence of Zn-O bond within the wave number of 500 cm-1. SEM images show the specific agglomeration of particles which was also confirmed by TEM studies. The green synthesized ZnO-NPs inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 µg mL-1 and 62.5 µg mL-1, respectively. The results indicate the prepared ZnO-NPs can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent against harmful pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Daruka Prasad
- Department of Physics, B.M.S. Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 064, India;
| | - Mohammad A. Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru- 570 006, Karnataka, India; (A.C.U.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sarah Mousa Maadi Asiri
- Department of Biophysics, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Hittanahallikoppal Gajendramurthy Gowtham
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Thimappa Ramachandrappa Lakshmeesha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru- 570 006, Karnataka, India; (A.C.U.); (S.B.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, India
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13
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Kim JH, Choi J, Choi S, Kim W, Lee S. Study on the Dependence of Sun Protection Factor on Particle Size Distribution of Mica Using Gravitational Field‐Flow Fractionation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of ChemistryHannam University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Choi
- Department of Food TechnologyEngineering and Nutrition, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Seongho Choi
- Department of ChemistryHannam University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Woonjung Kim
- Department of ChemistryHannam University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of ChemistryHannam University Daejeon Republic of Korea
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14
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Daneluti ALM, Neto FM, Ruscinc N, Lopes I, Robles Velasco MV, Do Rosário Matos J, Baby AR, Kalia YN. Using ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 to limit cutaneous penetration and transdermal permeation of organic UV filters. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118633. [PMID: 31437563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Avobenzone (AVO), oxybenzone (OXY), and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), are widely used UV filters. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporation in mesoporous silica (SBA-15) on their cutaneous deposition and permeation. Stick formulations containing "free" and "incorporated" UV filters (SF1 and SF2, respectively) were prepared and characterized with respect to their physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties. Cutaneous delivery experiments using porcine skin with quantification by UHPLC-MS/MS, demonstrated that skin deposition of AVO and OXY after application of SF2 for 6 and 12 h was significantly lower than that from SF1 at each time-point (Student t-test, p < 0.05): e.g. OXY permeation across the skin was 30-, 12- and 1.5-fold lower after 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively, following application of SF2. Cutaneous biodistribution profiles of AVO and OXY to 800 µm evidenced a significant decrease in the amounts in the viable epidermis and dermis. In contrast, deposition of the more lipophilic OMC was not significantly different (p ˃ 0.05). In vitro photoprotective efficacy results demonstrated that adsorption/entrapment of UV filters enhanced the sun protection factor by 94%. In conclusion, SBA-15, an innovative mesoporous material, increased photoprotection by UV filters while reducing their cutaneous penetration and transdermal permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nádia Ruscinc
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lopes
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Al Alamein AMA, Elwy HM, El-Din SHS. Univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of avobenzone and octinoxate in pure form and in cosmetic formulations: A comparative study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 206:37-47. [PMID: 30077895 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple, economic and precise spectrophotometric and chemometric techniques were used to determine UV filters namely; avobenzone (AV) and octinoxate (OCT) simultaneously in pure form and in cosmetic formulations in concentration range (2-10 μg·mL-1) for both drugs. The spectrophotometric technique includes five different methods; Method (A) is first derivative (D1) spectrophotometry at 380.6 nm for AV and 276.2 nm for OCT, Method (B) is first derivative of ratio spectra (DR1) at 352.8 nm for AV and 312.2 nm for OCT, Method (C) is ratio difference spectrophotometry (RD) at 356 nm and nm 347.2 nm for AV and at 311.6 nm and 281 nm for OCT, Method (D) is mean centering spectrophotometry (MCR) at 356 nm for AV and 301.8 nm for OCT and method (E) is modified Vierordt's method which involves absorbance measurement at 358 nm for AV and 309.2 nm for OCT and determination of the concentration of x and y from the two simultaneous equations. The chemometric technique includes multivariate calibration methods; partial least squares (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR) using the absorption spectra. The proposed methods were applied for determination of (AV) and (OCT) simultaneously in pure form and in cosmetic formulations. These methods were validated according to ICH guidelines.
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16
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Novel benzophenone-3 derivatives with promising potential as UV filters: Relationship between structure, photoprotective potential and phototoxicity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:200-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Kawakami CM, Máximo LNC, Fontanezi BB, da Silva RS, Gaspar LR. Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB) as additive to the UV filter avobenzone in cosmetic sunscreen formulations - Evaluation of the photochemical behavior and photostabilizing effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 99:299-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Hornos Carneiro MF, Barbosa F. Gold nanoparticles: A critical review of therapeutic applications and toxicological aspects. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2016; 19:129-48. [PMID: 27282429 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1168762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold (Au) compounds have been utilized as effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of some inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, Au compound use has become limited due to associated high incidence of side effects. Recent development of nanomaterials for therapeutic use with Au-containing drugs is improving the beneficial actions and reducing toxic properties of these agents. Lower toxicity in conjunction with anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects was reported to occur with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) treatment. However, despite this therapeutic potential, safety of AuNP remains to be determined, since the balance between therapeutic properties and development of adverse effects is not well established. Several variables that drive this benefit-risk balance, including physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles such as size, shape, surface area, and chemistry, are poorly described in the scientific literature. Moreover, therapeutic and toxicological data were obtained employing nonstandardized or poorly described protocols with different experimental settings (animal species/cell type, route and time of exposure). In contrast, effective and safe application of AuNP may be established only after elucidation of various physicochemical properties of each specific AuNP, and determination of respective kinetics and interaction of compound with target tissue. This critical review conveys the state of the art, the therapeutic use, and adverse effects mediated by AuNP, with primary emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic potential, highlighting the limitations/gaps in the scientific literature concerning important points: (i) selection of experimental designs (in vitro and in vivo models) and (ii) consideration of different physicochemical properties of AuNP that are often disregarded in many scientific publications. In addition, prospects and future needs for research in this area are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
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