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Panebianco S, van Wijk E, Yan Y, Cirvilleri G, Continella A, Modica G, Musumarra A, Pellegriti MG, Scordino A. Applications of Delayed Luminescence for tomato fruit quality assessment across varied Sicilian cultivation zones. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286383. [PMID: 37262025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The food industry places significant emphasis on ensuring quality and traceability as key components of a healthy diet. To cater to consumer demands, researchers have prioritized the development of analytical techniques that can rapidly and non-invasively provide data on quality parameters. In this study, we propose to use the Delayed Luminescence (DL), an ultra-weak and photo-induced emission of optical photons, as a tool for a rapid evaluation of quality profile associated with fruit ripening, in support of traditional analysis methods. Delayed Luminescence measurements have been performed on cherry tomatoes, with and without the PGI "Pomodoro di Pachino" certification, harvested from two different growing areas of south-eastern Sicily (Italy). Then, DL emissions were correlated with soluble solid content and titratable acidity values, which are known to affect the flavor, the commerciality and the maturity degree of tomato fruits. In addition, we evaluated the changes in the DL parameters with respect to the geographical origin of the cherry tomatoes, with the aim of testing the possibility of applying the technique for identification purposes. The signals of Delayed Luminescence appeared to be good indicators of the macromolecular structure of the biological system, revealing structural changes related to the content of total soluble solids present in the juice of tomatoes analyzed, and they appeared unsuitable for authenticating vegetable crops, since the differences in the photon yields emitted by tomato Lots were not related to territory of origin. Thus, our results suggest that DL can be used as a nondestructive indicator of important parameters linked to tomato fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvina Panebianco
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eduard van Wijk
- Department of Biophotonics, Meluna Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Biophotonics, Meluna Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gabriella Cirvilleri
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Continella
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Modica
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agatino Musumarra
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Agata Scordino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
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Osman AG, Avula B, Katragunta K, Ali Z, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Elderberry Extracts: Characterization of the Polyphenolic Chemical Composition, Quality Consistency, Safety, Adulteration, and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress- and Inflammation-Induced Health Disorders. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073148. [PMID: 37049909 PMCID: PMC10096080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderberry is highly reputed for its health-improving effects. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the consumption of berries is linked to enhancing human health and preventing or delaying the onset of chronic medical conditions. Compared with other fruit, elderberry is a very rich source of anthocyanins (approximately 80% of the polyphenol content). These polyphenols are the principals that essentially contribute to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and the health benefits of elderberry fruit extract. These health effects include attenuation of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory disorders, as well as anti-diabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and immuno-stimulatory effects. Sales of elderberry supplements skyrocketed to $320 million over the year 2020, according to an American Botanical Council (ABC) report, which is attributable to the purported immune-enhancing effects of elderberry. In the current review, the chemical composition of the polyphenolic content of the European elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and the American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), as well as the analytical techniques employed to analyze, characterize, and ascertain the chemical consistency will be addressed. Further, the factors that influence the consistency of the polyphenolic chemical composition, and hence, the consistency of the health benefits of elderberry extracts will be presented. Additionally, adulteration and safety as factors contributing to consistency will be covered. The role of elderberry in enhancing human health alone with the pharmacological basis, the cellular pathways, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed health benefits of elderberry fruit extracts will be also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Osman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Du J, Deng T, Cao B, Wang Z, Yang M, Han J. The application and trend of ultra-weak photon emission in biology and medicine. Front Chem 2023; 11:1140128. [PMID: 36874066 PMCID: PMC9981976 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1140128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-weak bioluminescence, also known as ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), is one of the functional characteristics of biological organisms, characterized by specialized, low-energy level luminescence. Researchers have extensively studied UPE for decades, and the mechanisms by which UPE is generated and its properties have been extensively investigated. However, there has been a gradual shift in research focus on UPE in recent years toward exploring its application value. To better understand the application and trend of UPE in biology and medicine, we have conducted a review of relevant articles in recent years. Among the several topics covered in this review is UPE research in biology and medicine (including traditional Chinese medicine), primarily focused on UPE as a promising non-invasive tool for diagnosis and oxidative metabolism monitoring as well as a potential tool for traditional Chinese medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baorui Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Osman A, Chittiboyina AG, Avula B, Ali Z, Adams SJ, Khan IA. Quality Consistency of Herbal Products: Chemical Evaluation. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:163-219. [PMID: 37392312 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The widespread utility of herbal products has been rising considerably worldwide, including both developed and developing countries, leading to the rapid growth of their availability in the United States and globally. This substantial increase in consumption of herbal products has witnessed the emergence of adverse effects upon oral administration of certain of these products, and thus has raised safety concerns. The adverse effects caused by the consumption of certain botanical medicines occur primarily as a result of the poor quality of plant raw materials or the finished products, which inherently may affect safety and/or efficacy. The poor quality of some herbal products can be attributed to a lack of proper quality assurance and quality control. A high demand for herbal products that surpasses production, combined with a desire for maximizing profits, along with a lack of rigorous quality control within some manufacturing facilities have led to the emergence of quality inconsistencies. The underlying causes for this involve the misidentification of plant species, or their substitution, adulteration, or contamination with harmful ingredients. Analytical assessments have revealed there to be frequent and significant compositional variations between marketed herbal products. The inconsistency of the quality of herbal products can be ascribed essentially to the inconsistency of the botanical raw material quality used to manufacture the products. Thus, the quality assurance and the quality control of the botanical raw materials is may contribute significantly to improving the quality and consistency of the quality of the end products. The current chapter focuses on the chemical evaluation of quality and consistency of herbal products, including botanical dietary supplements. Different techniques, instruments, applications, and methods used in identifying, quantifying, and generating chemical fingerprints and chemical profiles of the ingredients of the herbal products will be described. The strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques available will be addressed. Limitations of the other approaches including morphological or microscopic analysis and DNA-based analysis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Osman
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sebastian J Adams
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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Yang M, Pang J, Zhang Z, Fu J, Fan H, Zhang Y, Min L, Zhou B, Han J. K Value: An Indicator that can Characterize the Cold and Hot Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:877102. [PMID: 35645823 PMCID: PMC9133557 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.877102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The cold and hot properties of Chinese medicines are an important concept to represent the function of drugs, and are also a unique classification method of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The method reflects an herb’s therapeutic properties and guides reasonable clinical prescription. However, the present key problem is the lack of an objective and quantitative evaluation index for the cold and hot properties of Chinese herbs. Delayed luminescence (DL) is the long-term afterglow of biological systems after illumination with light, which can reflect differences in herbal materials prepared under different conditions. We aim to use S. obliquus as an indicator organism to characterize the differences between the cold and hot properties of Chinese herbs. Methods: Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) was used as an indicator organism to characterize the differences between the cold and hot properties of Chinese herbs. The decoction solution of different properties of Chinese herbs was added to S. obliquus culture medium; then, the delayed luminescence (DL) of S. obliquus after the addition of decoctions of different properties of Chinese herbs was measured to obtain information on the effect of different properties of Chinese herbs on S. obliquus. Many DL parameters were calculated, and ROC curve analysis was applied with the aim of finding a suitable parameter that can characterize the differences in cold and hot properties of Chinese herbs. Results: Our results show that the K value is a sensitive parameter that can reflect the differences of cold and hot properties of Chinese herbs, thus providing new insights into the cold and hot properties of Chinese herbs. Conclusions: DL measurement of S. obliquus after addition of different properties of Chinese herbs could be a novel and promising method to study the cold and hot properties of Chinese herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxiang Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jialei Fu
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lingyuan Min
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Baochen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxiang Han,
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Chen C, Wang B, Li J, Xiong F, Zhou G. Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Metabolites in Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher to Determine Geographical Origins and Network Pharmacology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927336. [PMID: 35845631 PMCID: PMC9277180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher, has been used for the treatment of septic shock, analgesia, motion sickness, and anesthesia in traditional Tibetan medicine for 2,000 years. However, the chemical metabolites and geographical traceability and their network pharmacology are still unknown. A total of 71 samples of A. tanguticus were analyzed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer in combination with chemometrics developed for the discrimination of A. tanguticus from different geographical origins. Then, network pharmacology analysis was used to integrate the information of the differential metabolite network to explore the mechanism of pharmacological activity. In this study, 29 metabolites were identified, including tropane alkaloids, hydroxycinnamic acid amides and coumarins. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 49.5% of the total variance, and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed good discrimination (R2Y = 0.921 and Q2 = 0.839) for A. tanguticus samples. Nine differential metabolites accountable for such variations were identified through variable importance in the projection (VIP). Through network pharmacology, 19 components and 20 pathways were constructed and predicted for the pharmacological activity of A. tanguticus. These results confirmed that this method is accurate and effective for the geographic classification of A. tanguticus, and the integrated strategy of metabolomics and network pharmacology can explain well the "multicomponent--multitarget" mechanism of A. tanguticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Guoying Zhou
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Luo D, He M, Li J, Du H, Mao Q, Pei N, Zhong G, Ouyang H, Yang S, Feng Y. Integrating the rapid constituent profiling strategy and multivariate statistical analysis for herb ingredients research, with Chinese official rhubarb and Tibetan rhubarb as an example. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Lan JL, Ruan YP, Mao ZJ, You LY, Chen Z. Q-marker Prediction Analysis of Rhubarb in Fengyin Decoction Based on Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211038792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fengyin Decoction (FYD) is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of epilepsy and wind paralysis. However, the potential antiepileptic active component in rhubarb (which is the most effective Chinese medicine in FYD) has not been defined. In this study, we analyzed and predicted the potential quality marker (Q-marker) of rhubarb in FYD based on fingerprint and network pharmacology. The fingerprints of FYD and rhubarb were established to analyze the transmission law of active components. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to study quantitatively the active components obtained by different extraction methods of FYD. Combined with network pharmacological analysis, a “components-targets-pathways” network was constructed to predict the potential Q-marker. Eight peaks were identified by FYD fingerprint: aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, cinnamaldehyde, 6-gingerol, and glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt. The determination of the 8 active components in FYD with different extraction methods suggested that rhubarb anthraquinone may be a potential antiepileptic active component. Twelve core components, 19 targets, and 21 pathways of rhubarb were screened by network pharmacology, which further demonstrated that rhubarb played a role mainly through these components, targets, and pathways. We preliminarily predicted that compounds such as rhubarb anthraquinones were a potential Q-marker. The UPLC fingerprint and the content determination method of the 8 components established in this study were effective and feasible. The findings in this study may provide a reference for further study of quality control of FYD and lay a theoretical foundation for the study of its action mechanism. In addition, our study may provide a novel idea for the study of the Q-marker of other classical compound traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-le Lan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou PR China
| | - Ye-ping Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou PR China
| | - Zhu-jun Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou PR China
| | - Li-yan You
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou PR China
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Xiong F, Nie X, Yang L, Wang L, Li J, Zhou G. Non-target metabolomics revealed the differences between Rh. tanguticum plants growing under canopy and open habitats. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33639841 PMCID: PMC7913229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheum tanguticum (Rh. tanguticum) is an important traditional Chinese medicine plant, "Dahuang", which contains productive metabolites and occupies wide habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Plants occupying wide habitats usually vary in phenotypes such as in morphology and metabolism, thereby developing into different ecotypes. Under canopy and open habitats are a pair of dissimilar habitats which possess Rh. tanguticum plants. However, few studies have focused on the effect of habitats on Rh. tanguticum growth, particularly combining morphological and metabolic changes. This study focused on Rh. tanguticum plants growing in under canopy and open habitats where morphology and metabolism changes were quantified using non-target metabolism methods. RESULTS The obtained results indicated that the two dissimilar habitats led to Rh. tanguticum developing into two distinct ecotypes where the morphology and metabolism were simultaneously changed. Under canopy habitats bred morphologically smaller Rh. tanguticum plants which had a higher level of metabolites (22 out of 31) which included five flavonoids, four isoflavonoids, and three anthracenes. On the other hand, the open habitats produced morphologically larger Rh. tanguticum plants having a higher level of metabolites (9 out of 31) including four flavonoids. 6 of the 31 metabolites were predicted to have effect targets, include 4 represent for under canopy habitats and 2 for open habitats. Totally, 208 targets were connected, among which 42 were communal targets for both under canopy and open habitats represent compounds, and 100 and 66 were unique targets for under canopy superior compounds and open habitats superior compounds, respectively. In addition, aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, sennoside A and sennoside B were all more accumulated in under canopy habitats, and among which aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were significantly higher in under canopy habitats. CONCLUSIONS This study determined that Rh. tanguticum growing in under canopy and in open habitats developed into two distinct ecotypes with morphological and metabolic differences. Results of network pharmacology study has indicated that "Dahuang" coming from different habitats, such as under canopy and open habitats, are different in effect targets and thus may have different medicinal use. According to target metabolomics, under canopy habitats may grow better "Dahuang".
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuqing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Nature Protected Area Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lucun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China.
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Sun M, Wu H, He M, Jia Y, Wang L, Liu T, Hui L, Li L, Wei S, Van Wijk E, Van Wijk R, Tsim KWK, Li C, Wang M. Integrated assessment of medicinal rhubarb by combination of delayed luminescence and HPLC fingerprint with emphasized on bioactivities based quality control. Chin Med 2020; 15:72. [PMID: 32684945 PMCID: PMC7362467 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To promote herbal medicine depends largely on its quality. Chromatographic fingerprint is a frequent approach for quality assessment of herbs however with challenges on robust and reproducibility. To develop rapid, cheap and comprehensive measurements as complementary tools for herbal quality control are still urgently needed. Moreover, biological activities are essential for herbal quality, and should be taken into consideration with emphasized in quality control. Methods In this research, HPLC fingerprint and delayed luminescence (DL, a rapid and systematic tool) were used to measure the rhubarb samples of multiple species. Statistics were explored to classify these rhubarb samples using data obtained from two analytic methods. In addition, DL properties were linked to specific chemical components which may reflect bioactivities of rhubarb using Spearman's rank correlation. Moreover, mice model was used to evaluate the cathartic effect between rhubarb samples stratifying by two analytic methods. Results We found that there was no significant difference of chemical fingerprints and DL signals among the different species of medicinal rhubarb. However, our results show a high similarity between HPLC fingerprint analysis and DL measurements in classification of these rhubarb samples into two sub-groups. In addition, the two sub-groups of rhubarb samples that may have different cathartic activities. Conclusion This approach provides new leads for development of herbal quality assessment based on bioactivity. In conclusion, integrated assessment by measuring HPLC fingerprint and DL with emphasized on bioactivity may provide novel strategy for herbal quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117 China.,SKL of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22 Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Min He
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Yusheng Jia
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lixue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Lianqiang Hui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Li Li
- Capital Medical University subsidiary Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23 Backstreet of Art Gallery, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010 China.,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, No. 13 Shuiche Alley Xinjiekou, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035 China
| | - Shengli Wei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan South Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Eduard Van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Koppelsedijk 1-a, 4191LC, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland Van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Koppelsedijk 1-a, 4191LC, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D,, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.,SU BioMedicine, Post Bus 546, 2300 AM Leiden, The Netherlands.,Shenzhen HUAKAI TCM and Natural Medicine Research Center, NO. 2, Boya Building, Zone A, Dawang Cultural and Creative Industrial Park, Wutong Mountain, No. 197, Kengbei Village, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518114 China
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Jia Y, Sun M, Shi Y, Zhu Z, van Wijk E, van Wijk R, van Andel T, Wang M. A comparative study of aged and contemporary Chinese herbal materials by using delayed luminescence technique. Chin Med 2020; 15:6. [PMID: 31969930 PMCID: PMC6964100 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-0287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigation of aged Chinese herbal materials will help us to understand their use and sources in ancient time and broaden the historical perspective of Chinese material medica. To reach this aim, the basic understanding of aged herbal materials, including physical and chemical characters, is of great importance. Delayed luminescence (DL) technique was developed as a rapid, direct, systemic, objective and sample loss-free tool to characterize the properties of Chinese herbal materials. In this study, we measured DL values in aged Chinese herbal materials that were transported from Asia to Europe during the 20th century and stored in Naturalis Biodiversity Center and the Utrecht University museum, and compared these with modern material of the same species. METHODS A hyperbolic function was used to extract four properties from the DL curves of Chinese herbal material from 1900, the 1950s and recently harvested products. Statistical tools, including the Student's t test, One-way analysis of variance and Principal Component Analysis, were used to differentiate the DL properties of aged and contemporary collections of Glycyrrhiza spp. Curcuma aromatica Salisb., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Alpinia officinarum Hance and Acorus calamus L. RESULTS Our results showed that DL properties were significantly different between historical and contemporary Chinese herbal materials. Changes in DL values were species-dependent: the effects of storage time of DL properties were specific for each species. These outcomes help us not only in the identification of historical Chinese medicine products but also provides valuable data of the effect of storage time on herbal materials. CONCLUSION The simple, direct, rapid, and inexpensive measurements offered by DL provide a novel tool to assess the taxonomic identity of Chinese and other herbal materials and assess the differences in chemical properties with increasing storage time. Our results contribute to the further development of novel digital tools for the quality control of herbal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Jia
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22 Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Eduard van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Koppelsedijk 1-a, 4191 LC Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Koppelsedijk 1-a, 4191 LC Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
| | - Tinde van Andel
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- SU BioMedicine, Post Bus 546, 2300 AM Leiden, The Netherlands
- Shenzhen Huakai Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen, 518114 China
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Wang CY, Tang L, Li L, Zhou Q, Li YJ, Li J, Wang YZ. Geographic Authentication of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves Using Multivariate Analysis and Preliminary Study on the Compositional Response to Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32140161 PMCID: PMC7042207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To explore the influences of different cultivated areas on the chemical profiles of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EUL) and rapidly authenticate its geographical origins, 187 samples from 13 provinces in China were systematically investigated using three data fusion strategies (low, mid, and high level) combined with two discrimination model algorithms (partial least squares discrimination analysis; random forest, RF). RF models constructed by high-level data fusion with different modes of different spectral data (Fourier transform near-infrared spectrum and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform mid-infrared spectrum) were most suitable for identifying EULs from different geographical origins. The accuracy rates of calibration and validation set were 92.86% and 93.44%, respectively. In addition, climate parameters were systematically investigated the cluster difference in our study. Some interesting and novel information could be found from the clustering tree diagram of hierarchical cluster analysis. The Xinjiang Autonomous Region (Region 5) located in the high latitude area was the only region in the middle temperate zone of all sample collection areas in which the samples belonged to an individual class no matter their distance in the tree diagram. The samples were from a relatively high elevation in the Shennongjia Forest District in Hubei Province (>1200 m), which is the main difference from the samples from Xiangyang City (78 m). Thus, the sample clusters from region 9 are different from the sample clusters from other regions. The results would provide a reference for further research to those samples from the special cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Li Tang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of A & F Science and Technology, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde, China
| | - Li Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - You-Ji Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Jing Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Yuan-Zhong Wang,
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Yuan-Zhong Wang,
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Sun M, Wang S, Jing Y, Li L, He M, Jia Y, van Wijk E, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang M. Application of delayed luminescence measurements for the identification of herbal materials: a step toward rapid quality control. Chin Med 2019; 14:47. [PMID: 31673280 PMCID: PMC6819577 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal materials are widely used as medicinal products, dietary supplements, food, and spices. With increased consumption, the safety, quality, and efficacy of herbal materials are becoming more relevant. The authenticity of herbal materials plays an important role in herbal quality control, and there is an urgent need to develop a simple, direct, objective, rapid, and inexpensive measurement tool for the identification of herbal materials for the purpose of quality control. METHODS Delayed luminescence (DL) was used to measure authentic and counterfeit herbal materials. A hyperbolic function was used to extract four properties from the DL curves of the herbal materials. Statistical tools, including Student's t test and Principal Component Analysis, were used to differentiate authentic and counterfeit herbal materials based on the DL properties. RESULTS Our results showed that authentic and counterfeit herbal materials could be identified based on the DL properties as follows: (a) authentic versus counterfeit materials; (b) authentic versus adulterated materials; (c) authentic versus sulfur-fumigated materials; as well as (d) authentic versus dyed materials. CONCLUSION The simple, direct, rapid, and inexpensive measurements offered by DL potentially offer a novel technique for the identification of Chinese herbal materials. However, the establishment of a valid database will be the next step toward the possible application of this technique, which would contribute significantly to the development of a novel digital tool for the quality control of herbal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117 China
- Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, 2333 BE The Netherlands
- SKL of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22 Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, 2333 BE The Netherlands
- SKL of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22 Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yong Jing
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Li Li
- Capital Medical University Subsidiary Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23, Backstreet of Art Gallery, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010 China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shuiche Alley Xinjiekou, No. 13, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035 China
| | - Min He
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117 China
- Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, 2333 BE The Netherlands
| | - Yusheng Jia
- Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, 2333 BE The Netherlands
| | - Eduard van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Koppelsedijk 1-a, 4191 LC Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
| | - Yitao Wang
- SKL of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22 Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Mei Wang
- Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, 2333 BE The Netherlands
- SU BioMedicine, Postbus 546, 2300AM, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Shenzhen Huakai Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen, 518114 China
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Shen T, Yu H, Wang YZ. Assessing Geographical Origin of Gentiana Rigescens Using Untargeted Chromatographic Fingerprint, Data Fusion and Chemometrics. Molecules 2019; 24:E2562. [PMID: 31337159 PMCID: PMC6680800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentiana rigescens Franchet, which is famous for its bitter properties, is a traditional drug of chronic hepatitis and important raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry in China. In the study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled with diode array detector (DAD) and chemometrics, were used to investigate the chemical geographical variation of G. rigescens and to classify medicinal materials, according to their grown latitudes. The chromatographic fingerprints of 280 individuals and 840 samples from rhizomes, stems, and leaves of four different latitude areas were recorded and analyzed for tracing the geographical origin of medicinal materials. At first, HPLC fingerprints of underground and aerial parts were generated while using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. After the preliminary data exploration, two supervised pattern recognition techniques, random forest (RF) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were applied to the three HPLC fingerprint data sets of rhizomes, stems, and leaves, respectively. Furthermore, fingerprint data sets of aerial and underground parts were separately processed and joined while using two data fusion strategies ("low-level" and "mid-level"). The results showed that classification models that are based OPLS-DA were more efficient than RF models. The classification models using low-level data fusion method built showed considerably good recognition and prediction abilities (the accuracy is higher than 99% and sensibility, specificity, Matthews correlation coefficient, and efficiency range from 0.95 to 1.00). Low-level data fusion strategy combined with OPLS-DA could provide the best discrimination result. In summary, this study explored the latitude variation of phytochemical of G. rigescens and developed a reliable and accurate identification method for G. rigescens that were grown at different latitudes based on untargeted HPLC fingerprint, data fusion, and chemometrics. The study results are meaningful for authentication and the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, Institute of Herb Biotic Resources, School of Life and Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresouces in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- College of Chemistry, Biological and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yu'xi 653100, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, Institute of Herb Biotic Resources, School of Life and Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresouces in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Sun M, He M, Korthout H, Halima M, Kim HK, Yan Y, van Wijk E, van Wijk R, Guo C, Wang M. Characterization of ginsenoside extracts by delayed luminescence, high-performance liquid chromatography, and bioactivity tests. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1138-1146. [PMID: 30768081 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside extracts are often used as raw materials for various pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food supplement products. Development of a direct, rapid, cheap, and comprehensive measurement tool for the quality assessment of ginsenoside extracts, and indeed all herbal extracts, is urgently needed. In addition, a bioactivity-based assessment should be linked with quality control. In this report, we try to develop a novel quality control tool using ginsenoside extracts as an example. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect nine principal ginsenosides in 11 batches of ginsenoside extracts. Delayed luminescence (DL) was used to analyze the same ginsenoside extract samples. DL measurements showed the same results in terms of differentiating 11 ginsenoside extract samples compared with chemical analysis, and DL properties could be closely linked to index ginsenosides in the quality control of ginsenoside extracts. Next, a zebrafish tail-fin amputation model was used to study differences in anti-inflammatory effect between the ginsenoside extract batches. The results indicate that both chemical analysis and DL measurements could partially reflect biological activity. Thus, DL may serve as a rapid, direct, sensitive, and systemic tool for studying the overall properties of ginsenoside extracts. Our proposal for linking bioactivities as a tool for evaluation of the quality of ginsenoside extracts opens a new direction for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Xiong F, Nie X, Zhao X, Yang L, Zhou G. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and active compounds of rhubarb from Qinghai plateau. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2874-2882. [PMID: 30460686 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf is one of the plants generically known as rhubarb, a culinary vegetable that has long been used as a herbal remedy both in China and Europe. Increasing demand for rhubarb has triggered the overexploitation of Rh. tanguticum. Cultivation is therefore necessary for quality control and protection of wild resources. Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in cultivation. This study aimed to explore how nitrogen fertilizer affects the growth and quality of rhubarb on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. RESULTS Nitrogen fertilizer promoted growth but had no significant influence on the active compounds of Rh. tanguticum. Generally, the N2 (150 kg ha-1 ) and N3 (225 kg ha-1 ) levels showed the most improved growth indexes, with no significant differences between them. The growth index and the amounts of eight of the nine studied active compounds in Rh. tanguticum increased from each year to the next and differed among growth stages. The contents of the active compounds were higher at the green stage and lower at the growth stage, which was opposite to the seasonal trends in root dry matter ratio. Gallic acid levels decreased with the growth of the plant. CONCLUSION The N2 level (150 kg ha-1 ) was the recommended nitrogen fertilizer level in this study. It was revealed that seasonal changes rather than nitrogen fertilizer influenced active compounds in the root of Rh. tanguticum. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China
| | - Lucun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China
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Determination of Bitterness of Andrographis Herba Based on Electronic Tongue Technology and Discovery of the Key Compounds of Bitter Substances. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123362. [PMID: 30572573 PMCID: PMC6321225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographis Herba (AH), the dry aerial segments of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, is a common herbal remedy with bitter properties in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Although bitterness is one of the features representing Chinese medicine, it has not been implemented as an index to assess the quality and efficacy of TCM because of peoples' subjectivity to taste. In this study, 30 batches of AH with different commercial classifications (leaves, stems, or mixtures of both) were collected. Bitterness of AH was quantified by electronic tongue technology. Meanwhile, chemical compositions were characterized through establishing high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints. The result indicated that the radar curves of the bitterness from different AH commercial classifications displayed different taste fingerprint information. Based on six taste factors, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) score three-dimensional (3D) plot exhibited a clear grouping trend (R²X, 0.912; Q², 0.763) among the three different commercial classifications. Six compounds (Peaks 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8) with positive correlation to bitterness were discovered by a Spearman correlation analysis. Peaks 2, 6, 7, 8 were identified as andrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, and dehydroandrographolide, respectively. The electronic tongue can be used to distinguish AH samples with different commercial classifications and for quality evaluation.
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Ge Y, Sun M, Salomé-Abarca LF, Wang M, Choi YH. Investigation of species and environmental effects on rhubarb roots metabolome using 1H NMR combined with high performance thin layer chromatography. Metabolomics 2018; 14:137. [PMID: 30830440 PMCID: PMC6208752 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pharmacological activities of medicinal plants are reported to be due to a wide range of metabolites, therein, the concentrations of which are greatly affected by many genetic and/or environmental factors. In this context, a metabolomics approach has been applied to reveal these relationships. The investigation of such complex networks that involve the correlation between multiple biotic and abiotic factors and the metabolome, requires the input of information acquired by more than one analytical platform. Thus, development of new metabolomics techniques or hyphenations is continuously needed. OBJECTIVES Feasibility of high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) were investigated as a supplementary tool for medicinal plants metabolomics supporting 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. METHOD The overall metabolic difference of plant material collected from two species (Rheum palmatum and Rheum tanguticum) in different geographical locations and altitudes were analyzed by 1H NMR- and HPTLC-based metabolic profiling. Both NMR and HPTLC data were submitted to multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square analysis. RESULTS The NMR and HPTLC profiles showed that while chemical variations of rhubarb are in some degree affected by all the factors tested in this study, the most influential factor was altitude of growth. The metabolites responsible for altitude differentiation were chrysophanol, emodin and sennoside A, whereas aloe emodin, catechin, and rhein were the key species-specific markers. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated the potential of HTPLC as a supporting tool for metabolomics due to its high profiling capacity of targeted metabolic groups and preparative capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Ge
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Luis F Salomé-Abarca
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- SU Biomedicine, Postbus 546, 2300 AM, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Sun M, Chang WT, Van Wijk E, He M, Van Wijk R, Wang M. Application of delayed luminescence method on measuring of the processing of Chinese herbal materials. Chin Med 2018; 13:43. [PMID: 30159006 PMCID: PMC6109338 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the principle of tradition Chinese medicine, the processing refers to various techniques that alter the overall properties of herbal materials to meet the requirements of therapeutic applications. However, the standards of quality control and scientific standard operation protocol for processing manufacturing are largely unknown and there is a huge demand for the development of scientific tools for evaluating the quality during and after the processing. The key challenge in evidence-based medicine is to characterize the processing of herbal materials from system-based perspective. METHODS Delayed luminescence (DL) as a rapid, direct, systemic tool was used to characterize the properties of raw and processed materials of Rehmanniae radix and Ginseng radix et rhizome. Hyperbolic function was used to extract four parameters from DL curves of herbal materials. Statistical tools, including one-way analysis of variance and principal component analysis, were used to differentiate raw and processed herbal materials. RESULTS Our results showed DL properties were able to reliably identify raw and processed materials of Rehmanniae radix and Ginseng radix et rhizoma, respectively. In addition, the results indicated that after four cycles of processing for Rehmanniae radix, there was no much significant change in DL parameters which resembles the results obtained from chemical analyses (after five cycles) using 1HNMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in previous studies. CONCLUSION DL may serve as a fast, robust and sensitive tool for evaluating processing on herbs and may be used as part of a comprehensive platform for assessing the quality of herbal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- Leiden University European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Eduard Van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Koppelsedijk 1-a, 4191 LC Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Gasthuislingelaan 33, 4002 AG Tiel, The Netherlands
| | - Min He
- Leiden University European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland Van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Koppelsedijk 1-a, 4191 LC Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Gasthuislingelaan 33, 4002 AG Tiel, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- Leiden University European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- SU BioMedicine, Postbus 546, 2300 AM Leiden, The Netherlands
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Feng SX, Li MM, Zhao D, Li XH, Zhang L, Wang Z, Gao NN. Simultaneous Determination of 10 Anthraquinones in Rhubarb Based on HPLC-Q-HR/MS. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(17)60120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zhu TT, Wu L, Wang XL, Zhu H, Zhu XC, Zhou QG, Liu X, Cai BC. Investigation on relationships between chemical spectrum and bioeffect of prepared rhubarb decoction in rats by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS method coupled with gray correlation analysis. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Application of Spontaneous Photon Emission in the Growth Ages and Varieties Screening of Fresh Chinese Herbal Medicines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2058120. [PMID: 28250790 PMCID: PMC5307126 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2058120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultraweak photon emission emitted by all living organisms has been confirmed to be a noninvasive indicator for their physiological and pathological characteristics. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of spontaneous photon emission (SPE) and the contents of specific active compounds of roots and flowers buds of several fresh Chinese herbal medicines (natural medicines) with different growth ages and varieties. The results revealed that the contents of specific active compounds from same species herbs with different growth ages and varieties were significantly different, and this difference could be reflected by their SPE. Because the contents of specific bioactive constituents in Chinese herbs are closely related to their quality and curative effect, the SPE measurement technique may contribute to the quality control of Chinese herbal medicine in the future.
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Characterization of the therapeutic properties of Chinese herbal materials by measuring delayed luminescence and dendritic cell-based immunomodulatory response. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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