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Kautzmann C, Castanha E, Aloísio Johann Dammann C, Andersen Pereira de Jesus B, Felippe da Silva G, de Lourdes Borba Magalhães M, Turnes Pasini Deolindo C, Pinto Kempka A. Roasted yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) infusions in bovine milk model before and after in vitro digestion: Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, protein-polyphenol interactions and bioactive peptides. Food Res Int 2024; 183:114206. [PMID: 38760137 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Yerba mate is increasingly acknowledged for its bioactive properties and is currently being incorporated into various food and pharmaceutical products. When roasted, yerba mate transforms into mate tea, consumed as a hot aqueous infusion, and has gained popularity. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, protein-polyphenol interactions, antioxidant activity, and bioactive peptides in roasted yerba mate infusions, utilizing whole, semi-skimmed, and skimmed bovine milk models. The phytochemical profile of roasted yerba mate was analyzed in infusions with water and milk (whole, semi-skimmed, and skimmed), before and after in vitro digestion, identifying 18 compounds that exhibited variations in composition and presence among the samples. Bioavailability varied across different milk matrices, with milk being four times more efficient as a solvent for extraction. Gastric digestion significantly impacted (p < 0.05) the release of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid and rutin, with only chlorogenic acid remaining 100 % bioavailable in the infusion prepared with skimmed milk. Protein-polyphenol interaction did not influence protein digestion in different infusions, as there was a similarity in the hydrolysis pattern during the digestive process. Changes in antioxidant activity during digestion phases, especially after intestinal digestion in milk infusions, were related to alterations in protein structures and digestive interactions. The evaluation of total phenolic compounds highlighted that skimmed milk infusion notably preserved these compounds during digestion. Peptidomic analysis identified 253, 221, and 191 potentially bioactive peptides for whole, semi-skimmed, and skimmed milk-digested infusions, respectively, with a focus on anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, presenting a synergistic approach to promote health benefits. The selection of milk type is crucial for comprehending the effects of digestion and interactions in bioactive compound-rich foods, highlighting the advantages of consuming plant infusions prepared with milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kautzmann
- Santa Catarina State University. Department of Food Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil.
| | - Eliezer Castanha
- Santa Catarina State University. Department of Food Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Turnes Pasini Deolindo
- MinistryofAgriculture, Livestock, and FoodSupply, Federal Agricultural Defense Laboratory, São José, SC, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Food Science and Technology, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Aniela Pinto Kempka
- Santa Catarina State University. Department of Food Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil.
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2
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Zhu J, Chen A, Ma H, Cheng YY, Song K. Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Eucommia ulmoides pollen using Respond Surface Methodology and its biological activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301308. [PMID: 38163260 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids, known for their abundance in Eucommia ulmoides pollen, possess diverse biological functions, including antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and anti-tumor properties. This study aims to establish effective parameters for flavonoid extraction from Eucommia ulmoides pollen using a microwave-assisted method, characterize the flavonoid composition of the extracted material, and explore its biological activities. Building upon the initial results from single-factor experiments, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction parameters. The inhibitory effect of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was evaluated by CCK assay and Live/dead staining. Simultaneously, the extract's scavenging ability against DPPH free radicals and its antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. The results demonstrated that the flavonoid yield reached 3.28 g per 100 g of pollen, closely aligning with the predicted value. The IC50 for flavonoid-mediated DPPH radical scavenging was 0.04 mg/mL. The extract exhibited a robust inhibitory effect on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Concurrently, the extract displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In addition, six kinds of flavonoids have been identified by UPLC-TOF-MS/MS technology, providing further support to the study on the anti-oxidation and anti-tumor mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides pollen extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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3
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Wang X, Shen C, Chen T, Zhou X, Li Y. Geographical equations of Swertia mussotii bioactivities: evidence from the western Sichuan region of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1112164. [PMID: 37448873 PMCID: PMC10338117 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Swertia mussotii is the most authentic raw material used in Tibetan medicine in China for its various bioactivities. This natural medicine resource is at risk of being exhausted due to the double interference of climate change and anthropogenic over-collection. Little is known about habitat characteristics and the crucial environmental factors that influence the levels of active ingredients. The goal of this study is to understand the variability in the bioactive compound content of a wide range of wild S. mussotii as it adapts to changing environmental conditions. The target compound content of the whole plant material was analyzed with the environmental explanatory variables of the field sample sites using a constrained ordination method for their correlation analysis. The results show that 16.3 percent of the sampled wild S. mussotii populations with the highest bioactive content can be grouped into the elite type. The most prominent environmental variables affecting the content of major bioactive products include altitude, aspect, soil TK content, Fe content, and C/N and N/P ratios. Altitude and aspect put indirect effects that are mediated by plant height and density, N/P ratio puts a direct effect, while soil TK content, Fe content and C/N ratio have both direct and indirect effects on the bioactivity of S. mussotii. In addition to the total negative effects of altitude and C/N ratio, the remaining factors play a driving role. These findings demonstrate variation by geographical conditions across S. mussotii accessions for physiologic responses and secondary compounds in wild populations. The knowledge gained from this study can be used for environmental and plant physiology research, efficient collection of naturally active compounds, and conservation strategies for rare natural plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xining, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xining, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xining, China
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Lim YJ, Kwon SJ, Eom SH. Red and blue light-specific metabolic changes in soybean seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128001. [PMID: 36938020 PMCID: PMC10014548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red and blue artificial light sources are commonly used as photosynthetic lighting in smart farm facilities, and they can affect the metabolisms of various primary and secondary metabolites. Although the soybean plant contains major flavonoids such as isoflavone and flavonol, using light factors to produce specific flavonoids from this plant remains difficult because the regulation of light-responded flavonoids is poorly understood. In this study, metabolic profiling of soybean seedlings in response to red and blue lights was evaluated, and the isoflavone-flavonol regulatory mechanism under different light irradiation periods was elucidated. Profiling of metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, organic acids, free sugars, alcohol sugars, and sugar acids, revealed that specific flavonol, isoflavone, and phenolic acid showed irradiation time-dependent accumulation. Therefore, the metabolic gene expression level and accumulation of isoflavone and flavonol were further investigated. The light irradiation period regulated kaempferol glycoside, the predominant flavonol in soybeans, with longer light irradiation resulting in higher kaempferol glycoside content, regardless of photosynthetic lights. Notably, blue light stimulated kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-dirhamnosyl)-galactoside accumulation more than red light. Meanwhile, isoflavones were controlled differently based on isoflavone types. Malonyl daidzin and malonyl genistin, the predominant isoflavones in soybeans, were significantly increased by short-term red light irradiation (12 and 36 h) with higher expressions of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, which contributed to the increased total isoflavone level. Although most isoflavones increased in response to red and blue lights, daidzein increased in response only to red light. In addition, prolonged red light irradiation downregulated the accumulation of glycitin types, suggesting that isoflavone's structural specificity results in different accumulation in response to light. Overall, these findings suggest that the application of specific wavelength and irradiation periods of light factors enables the regulation and acquisition of specialized metabolites from soybean seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Lim
- Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Kwon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Unraveling the Difference in the Composition/Content of the Aroma Compounds in Different Tobacco Leaves: For Better Use. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3293899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition/content of aroma compounds in tobacco leaves in the different producing areas varies too much, and it is very meaningful to develop advanced analysis techniques to investigate the composition/content-producing area correlation. Here, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS) was used to analyze the composition/content of aroma compounds in tobacco samples from eight different producing areas. With this technique, ion mobility spectrum, differential ion mobility spectrum, and fingerprint spectrum were constructed for two-dimensional analysis. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) and similarity analysis were performed for the eight tobacco samples. The results showed that the GC-IMS can detect 197 volatile aroma compounds in tobacco leaves and 75 of them are well identified. The fingerprint spectrum directly showed the difference in the composition/content of volatile aroma compounds in tobacco leaves from different producing areas. PCA and similarity analysis can clearly distinguish tobacco samples from different producing areas. This work demonstrated that the application of GC-IMS in analyzing the composition/content of aroma compounds in tobacco leaves is efficient. GC-IMS is a very powerful tool to give a direct and visual comparison of the composition/content of aroma compounds in tobacco leaves from different producing areas. The relationship between the composition/content of aroma compounds and producing areas could be established by this advanced technology. This work offers the possibility of planting or grading tobacco with different taste and smell more precisely in the future.
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6
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Fractionation and Extraction Optimization of Potentially Valuable Compounds and Their Profiling in Six Varieties of Two Nicotiana Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228105. [PMID: 36432206 PMCID: PMC9694777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasingly urgent call to shift industrial processes from fossil fuel feedstock to sustainable bio-based resources. This change becomes of high importance considering new budget requirements for a carbon-neutral economy. Such a transformation can be driven by traditionally used plants that are able to produce large amounts of valuable biologically relevant secondary metabolites. Tobacco plants can play a leading role in providing value-added products in remote areas of the world. In this study, we propose a non-exhaustive list of compounds with potential economic interest that can be sourced from the tobacco plant. In order to optimize extraction methodologies, we first analyzed their physico-chemical properties using rapid solubility tests and high-resolution microfractionation techniques. Next, to identify an optimal extraction for a selected list of compounds, we compared 13 different extraction method-solvent combinations. We proceeded with profiling some of these compounds in a total of six varieties from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica species, identifying the optimal variety for each. The estimated expected yields for each of these compounds demonstrate that tobacco plants can be a superior source of valuable compounds with diverse applications beyond nicotine. Among the most interesting results, we found high variability of anatabine content between species and varieties, ranging from 287 to 1699 µg/g. In addition, we found that CGA (1305 µg/g) and rutin (7910 µg/g) content are orders of magnitude lower in the Burley variety as compared to all others.
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Domínguez-Rodríguez G, Marina ML, Plaza M. In vitro assessment of the bioavailability of bioactive non-extractable polyphenols obtained by pressurized liquid extraction combined with enzymatic-assisted extraction from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pomace. Food Chem 2022; 385:132688. [PMID: 35305433 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro digestion and absorption simulation processes of non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs) obtained by pressurized liquid extraction combined with enzymatic-assisted extraction with Promod enzyme (PLE-EAE) from the residue of conventional extraction of sweet cherry pomace were studied. In general, total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents decreased in each phase of the digestion. However, the antioxidant capacity increased when the digestion process progressed. In addition, the highest total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents and antioxidant capacity were obtained in the absorbed fraction. NEPs from PLE-EAE extract, digestive fractions, absorbed and unabsorbed fractions were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole Exactive-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS). Fifteen NEPs were identified in the intestinal fraction and five in the absorbed fraction after the digestion process. Results obtained in this study define for the first time the bioavailability of antioxidant NEPs obtained from sweet cherry pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona. Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid, Spain
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona. Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid, Spain.
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8
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The Content of Phenolic Compounds and Organic Acids in Two Tagetes patula Cultivars Flowers and Its Dependence on Light Colour and Substrate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020527. [PMID: 35056846 PMCID: PMC8779752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The main focus of the study was to determine the content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and organic acids in the flowers of Tagetes patula ‘Petite Gold’ and ‘Petite Orange’. The growth of the plants was assessed depending on the cultivation conditions. The above plants were illuminated with white light, whereas the ‘Petite Gold’ ones with white light enhanced with blue or red light. Both cultivars grew in a two-level-mineral compounds organic substrate. The research showed that the French marigold flowers were rich in phenolic compounds and organic acids. The ‘Petite Gold’ flowers had more bioactive compounds compared with the ‘Petite Orange’ flowers. Three flavonoids, 10 phenolic acids and seven organic acids were found in the ‘Petite Gold’ flowers. The artificial lighting used during the cultivation of the plants showed diversified influence on the content of organic compounds in their flowers. The measurements of the plants’ morphological traits and the number of inflorescences showed that illumination with red light resulted in a better effect. Large plants with numerous inflorescences grew in the substrate with a lower content of nutrients.
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9
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Yousaf MJ, Hussain A, Hamayun M, Iqbal A. Exposure of Brassica to Red Light Antagonizes Low Production of IAA in Leaf Through Root Signaling Under Stress Conditions. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:874-885. [PMID: 34870857 DOI: 10.1111/php.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant leaf is highly sensitive to various growth promoting and restraining components. This sensitivity is normally caused by the alteration of different phyto-hormones (predominately by IAA), when the plants exposed to certain environmental conditions. We exposed the hydroponically grown Brassica campestris seedlings (7 days old) to red and green light in order to observe its effect on IAA secretion at leaf. The evaluated data showed that red light antagonized the low production of IAA in leaf by initiating the root signaling through flavonoids production and high redox activity. The study also explored the link between the differential phytohormonal response and biotic or abiotic stress elimination in leaf through root signaling under green or red light. The results exhibited that the biotic (P. syringae or F. alni) or abiotic stresses (100 mM AgNO3 or 100 mM tert-butyl alcohol) inhibited flavonoids at the roots and resisted the restoration of IAA at the leaf. However, under green light where IAA was not inhibited, the stresses could not produce flavonoid at the root and further passing the signals to leaf. The results concluded that the growth and photosynthetic rates of the seedlings were improved under red light exposure through flavonoid inducing stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
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Abou El-Dis GR, Zavdetovna KL, Nikolaevich AA, Abdelazeez WMA, Arnoldovna TO. Influence of light on the accumulation of anthocyanins in callus culture of Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Sunt Blue Giant. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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11
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Zou X, BK A, Rauf A, Saeed M, Al-Awthan YS, A. Al-Duais M, Bahattab O, Hamayoon Khan M, Suleria HAR. Screening of Polyphenols in Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum) and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activity in Different Tobacco Varieties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25361-25371. [PMID: 34632194 PMCID: PMC8495694 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is an herbaceous plant originating from South America and processed into cigarettes for consumption. Polyphenols are considered vital components of tobacco in view of their contribution to antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the phenolic compounds in different tobacco varieties by applying cold extraction with methanol and distilled water. The extracts were screened for phenolic compound diversity and distribution as well as their antioxidant potential in different tobacco varieties. The results showed that the methanolic extract of tobacco SP-28 exhibited the highest value in the total phenolic content (24.82 ± 0.07 mg GAE/gd.w.) and total flavonoid content (4.42 ± 0.01 mg QE/gd.w.), while the water extract of tobacco SN-2 exhibited the highest value in the total condensed tannin (1.12 ± 0.03 mg CE/gd.w.). The radical scavenging capacities of tobacco SP-28 were relatively high in DPPH (18.20 ± 0.01 mg AAE/gd.w.) and FRAP (3.02 ± 0.10 mg AAE/gd.w.), whereas the ABTS value was the highest in tobacco SN-2 (37.25 ± 0.03 mg AAE/gd.w.), and the total antioxidant capacity was the highest in tobacco SN-1 (7.43 ± 0.18 mg AAE/gd.w.). LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS identified a total of 49 phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids (14), flavonoids (30), and other polyphenols (5) in four different tobacco varieties. Tobacco SP-28 showed the highest number of phenolic compounds, especially enriched in flavones. Our study highlights the antioxidant potential of tobacco extracts and reveals the phenolic distribution among different tobacco varieties that could support tobacco utilization in different pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinda Zou
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amrit BK
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23430, Anbar-23561 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department
of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi 23430, Anbar-23561 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Yahya S. Al-Awthan
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Duais
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry
Unit, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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12
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Stiller A, Garrison K, Gurdyumov K, Kenner J, Yasmin F, Yates P, Song BH. From Fighting Critters to Saving Lives: Polyphenols in Plant Defense and Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8995. [PMID: 34445697 PMCID: PMC8396434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are a group of specialized metabolites in plants that largely aid in plant defense by deterring biotic stressors and alleviating abiotic stress. Polyphenols offer a wide range of medical applications, acting as preventative and active treatments for diseases such as cancers and diabetes. Recently, researchers have proposed that polyphenols may contribute to certain applications aimed at tackling challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the beneficial impacts of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, could potentially help prepare society for future pandemics. Thus far, most reviews have focused on polyphenols in cancer prevention and treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the critical roles that polyphenols play in both plant chemical defense and human health based on the most recent studies while highlighting prospective avenues for future research, as well as the implications for phytochemical-based applications in both agricultural and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bao-Hua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (A.S.); (K.G.); (K.G.); (J.K.); (F.Y.); (P.Y.)
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Potential of Pre-Harvest Wastes of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Crops, Grown for Smoke Products, as Source of Bioactive Compounds (Phenols and Flavonoids). SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco cultivation is characterized by high amounts of waste biomasses whose disposal frequently represents a complex and expensive problem. A study was conducted to evaluate thepotential of pre-harvest light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco waste biomasses as a source of bioactive compounds (nutraceutical ingredients) such as polyphenols. Pre-harvest waste materials (topping fresh materials and residual stalks at final harvest) were collected to determine dry matter, total polyphenols content (TPC; Folin assay), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-60-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols quali-quantitative profiles obtained by Orbitrap Q Exactive of both tobacco types were also determined. Total pre-harvest waste biomass amounted to 3956.9 and 1304.4 kg d.w. ha−1 in light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco types, respectively. Polyphenols content, expressed as g kg−1 dry weight (d.w.), ranged between 4.6 and 15.7 g kg−1 d.w. and was generally greater in leaves than in stalks. Considering both leaves and stalks, the light air-cured (Burley) tobacco crop yielded 22.1 kg ha−1 of polyphenols, while the dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco yielded 12.0 kg ha−1. DPPH and ABTS were significantly greater in leaves than in stalks waste biomass in both types of tobacco. The most abundant components were quinic and chlorogenic acids, rutin, and luteolin rutinoside.
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14
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Secure and Sustainable Sourcing of Plant Tissues for the Exhaustive Exploration of Their Chemodiversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245992. [PMID: 33352821 PMCID: PMC7766005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main challenge of plant chemical diversity exploration is how to develop tools to study exhaustively plant tissues. Their sustainable sourcing is a limitation as bioguided strategies and dereplication need quite large amounts of plant material. We examine if alternative solutions could overcome these difficulties by obtaining a secure, sustainable, and scalable source of tissues able to biosynthesize an array of metabolites. As this approach would be as independent of the botanical origin as possible, we chose eight plant species from different families. We applied a four steps culture establishment procedure, monitoring targeted compounds through mass spectrometry-based analytical methods. We also characterized the capacities of leaf explants in culture to produce diverse secondary metabolites. In vitro cultures were successfully established for six species with leaf explants still producing a diversity of compounds after the culture establishment procedure. Furthermore, explants from leaves of axenic plantlets were also analyzed. The detection of marker compounds was confirmed after six days in culture for all tested species. Our results show that the first stage of this approach aiming at easing exploration of plant chemodiversity was completed, and leaf tissues could offer an interesting alternative providing a constant source of natural compounds.
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Kramberger K, Barlič-Maganja D, Bandelj D, Baruca Arbeiter A, Peeters K, Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Jenko Pražnikar Z. HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Comparison of the Hydroalcoholic and Water Extracts from Two Helichrysum italicum Species. Metabolites 2020; 10:E403. [PMID: 33053777 PMCID: PMC7600872 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean plant Helichrysum italicum represents a rich source of versatile bioactive compounds with potential benefits for human health. Despite extensive research on the plant's active constituents, little attention has yet been paid to characterizing the relationship between its intra-specific genetic diversity and metabolite profile. The study aimed to determine metabolic profile of H. italicum ssp. italicum (HII) and ssp. tyrrhenicum (HIT) cultivated on the experimental plantation in Slovenia and to compare the chemical composition of extracts regarding the solvent extraction process. Extracts were prepared upon conventional extract preparation procedures: maceration with 50 % methanol or ethanol and cold or hot water infusion and analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection-Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS). One hundred compounds were identified in the samples, among them several isomers and derivatives were reported for the first time, while caffeoylquinic acids and pyrones were the most abundant. Semi-quantitative comparison revealed that the extraction procedure had a greater impact on the chemical profile than genetic variability. All HIT extracts showed a higher total phenolic content compared to HII, while the antioxidant potential evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil test was not proportionally higher. In addition, hot water extracts proved to be comparably active as alcoholic ones, confirming high commercial potential of Helichrysum italicum as herbal functional beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Barlič-Maganja
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Kelly Peeters
- InnoRenew CoE, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
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Kaltbach P, Ballert S, Kabrodt K, Schellenberg I. New HPTLC methods for analysis of major bioactive compounds in mate (Ilex paraguariensis) tea. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wang J, Hao F, Song K, Jin W, Fu B, Wei Y, Shi Y, Guo H, Liu W. Identification of a Novel NtLRR-RLK and Biological Pathways That Contribute to Tolerance of TMV in Nicotiana tabacum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:996-1006. [PMID: 32196398 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-19-0343-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection can causes serious damage to tobacco crops. To explore the approach of preventing TMV infection of plants, two tobacco cultivars with different resistances to TMV were used to analyze transcription profiling before and after TMV infection. The involvement of biological pathways differed between the tolerant variety (Yuyan8) and the susceptible variety (NC89). In particular, the plant-virus interaction pathway was rapidly activated in Yuyan8, and specific resistance genes were enriched. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis detected large quantities of antiviral substances in the tolerant Yuyan8. A novel Nicotiana tabacum leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase (NtLRR-RLK) gene was identified as being methylated and this was verified using bisulfite sequencing. Transient expression of TMV-green fluorescent protein in pRNAi-NtLRR-RLK transgenic plants confirmed that NtLRR-RLK was important for susceptibility to TMV. The specific protein interaction map generated from our study revealed that levels of BIP1, E3 ubiquitin ligase, and LRR-RLK were significantly elevated, and all were represented at node positions in the protein interaction map. The same expression tendency of these proteins was also found in pRNAi-NtLRR-RLK transgenic plants at 24 h after TMV inoculation. These data suggested that specific genes in the infection process can activate the immune signal cascade through different resistance genes, and the integration of signal pathways could produce resistance to the virus. These results contribute to the overall understanding of the molecular basis of plant resistance to TMV and in the long term could identify new strategies for prevention and control virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengsheng Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kunfeng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Fu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiqun Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yan S, Niu Z, Yan H, Zhang A, Liu G. Influence of Soil Organic Carbon on the Aroma of Tobacco Leaves and the Structure of Microbial Communities. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:931-942. [PMID: 31982968 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The soil organic carbon is associated with the plant quality and the microbial community structure. In the present study, carbon fertilizers were applied to paddy soil to elucidate the relationship between soil carbon and neutral aroma substances in both tobacco and soil microbiome by transcriptome sequencing and 16S rDNA-based analysis, respectively. Our results showed that (1) the increase in soil carbon content was closely correlated with the abundance of microorganisms belonging to two classes (which could potentially affect tobacco plants), namely Gammaproteobacteria and Chloroflexia, (2) soil carbon apparently affected tobacco neutral aroma substances, and (3) soil carbon improved neutral aroma substances by affecting the transcriptional processes of sesquiterpenoid and chlorophyll biosyntheses. These results suggest that increased soil carbon-especially active organic carbon-resulted in desirable improvements in aroma substances in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yan
- Department of Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhengyang Niu
- Department of Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haitao Yan
- Department of Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Aigai Zhang
- Department of Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guoshun Liu
- Department of Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Chen S, Li X, Liu X, Wang N, An Q, Ye XM, Zhao ZT, Zhao M, Han Y, Ouyang KH, Wang WJ. Investigation of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and the Effects of Alfalfa Flavonoids on Growth Performance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8569237. [PMID: 32104541 PMCID: PMC7035581 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8569237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoids were extracted from alfalfa using ethanol assisted with ultrasonic extraction and purified by D101 macroporous resin column chromatography. The chemical composition and content of ethanol elution fractions (EEFs) were assessed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite-sodium hydroxide colorimetric method. The in vitro antioxidant activity of two EEFs was conducted by scavenging DPPH free radical, and the main antioxidants of 75% EEFs were screened using DPPH-UHPLC. Moreover, the in vivo antioxidant activity of 75% EEFs and the growth performance of broilers were studied. The results showed that the content of 30% and 75% EEFs was 26.20% and 62.57%. Fifteen compounds were identified from 75% EEFs, and five of them were reported in alfalfa for the first time. The scavenging activity of 75% and 30% EEFs (200 μg/mL) against DPPH was 95.51% and 78.85%. The peak area of 5,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone and hyperoside was decreased by 82.69% and 76.04%, which exhibited strong scavenging capacities. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) level of three treated groups against the normal control group (NC) fed with basal diet significantly increased by 3.89-24.49%, 0.53-7.39%, and 0.79-11.79%, respectively. While the malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 0.47-18.27%. Compared with the NC, the feed to gain ratio (F : G) of three treated groups was lowered by 2.98-16.53% and survival rate of broilers significantly increased. Consequently, 75% EEFs extracted from alfalfa exhibited powerful antioxidant activities and might be a potential feed additive to poultry and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qi An
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xi Mei Ye
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zi Tong Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yi Han
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ke Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wen Jun Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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20
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Chen S, Li X, Liu X, Wang N, An Q, Ye XM, Zhao ZT, Zhao M, Han Y, Ouyang KH, Wang WJ. Investigation of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and the Effects of Alfalfa Flavonoids on Growth Performance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8569237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids were extracted from alfalfa using ethanol assisted with ultrasonic extraction and purified by D101 macroporous resin column chromatography. The chemical composition and content of ethanol elution fractions (EEFs) were assessed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite-sodium hydroxide colorimetric method. The in vitro antioxidant activity of two EEFs was conducted by scavenging DPPH free radical, and the main antioxidants of 75% EEFs were screened using DPPH-UHPLC. Moreover, the in vivo antioxidant activity of 75% EEFs and the growth performance of broilers were studied. The results showed that the content of 30% and 75% EEFs was 26.20% and 62.57%. Fifteen compounds were identified from 75% EEFs, and five of them were reported in alfalfa for the first time. The scavenging activity of 75% and 30% EEFs (200 μg/mL) against DPPH was 95.51% and 78.85%. The peak area of 5,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone and hyperoside was decreased by 82.69% and 76.04%, which exhibited strong scavenging capacities. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) level of three treated groups against the normal control group (NC) fed with basal diet significantly increased by 3.89-24.49%, 0.53-7.39%, and 0.79-11.79%, respectively. While the malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 0.47-18.27%. Compared with the NC, the feed to gain ratio (F : G) of three treated groups was lowered by 2.98-16.53% and survival rate of broilers significantly increased. Consequently, 75% EEFs extracted from alfalfa exhibited powerful antioxidant activities and might be a potential feed additive to poultry and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qi An
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xi Mei Ye
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zi Tong Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yi Han
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ke Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wen Jun Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Kaminski KP, Goepfert S, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC. Production of Valuable Compounds in Tobacco. THE TOBACCO PLANT GENOME 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29493-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Extraction and Determination of Polar Bioactive Compounds from Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Using Supercritical Techniques. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244608. [PMID: 31888264 PMCID: PMC6943590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to select parameters for supercritical extraction with CO2 of Medicago sativa L., considered as functional food, in quarter-technical plant, providing the highest concentration of bioactive polar constituents and simultaneously maintaining the highest efficiency of the process. For the purpose of optimization, mathematical statistics was used. Qualitative analysis of products was performed with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The SFC analysis revealed a proper separation of flavonoids and phenolics acids for dedicated TFC and TPC optimal parameters. The obtained results have proved that it is a possibility to extract polar compounds with non-polar solvent under higher values of pressure and temperature and to enrich product with desired group of bioactive compounds with proper optimization. The proposed extraction technique allows to obtain on an industrial scale, using an environmentally friendly solvent, a preparation rich in biologically active nutrients that can be implemented in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Zhang X, Bian Z, Li S, Chen X, Lu C. Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Compound Profiles, Antioxidant Capacities, and Expressions of Phenolic Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Soybean Microgreens Grown under Different Light Spectra. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13577-13588. [PMID: 31730344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diode (LED) based light sources, which can selectively and quantitatively provide different spectra, have been frequently applied to manipulate plant growth and development. In this study, the effects of different LED light spectra on the growth, phenolic compounds profile, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptional changes in genes regulating phenolic biosynthesis in soybean microgreens were investigated. The results showed that light illumination decreased the seedling length and yield but increased phenolic compound content. Blue light and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) induced significant increases in total phenolic and total flavonoid content, as compared with the white light control. Sixty-six phenolic compounds were identified in the soybean samples, of which isoflavone, phenolic acid, and flavonol were the main components. Ten phenolic compounds obtained from the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were reflecting the effect of light spectra. The antioxidant capacity was consistent with the phenolic metabolite levels, which showed higher levels under blue light and UV-A compared with the control. The highest transcript levels of phenolic biosynthesis-related genes were observed under blue light and UV-A. The transcript levels of GmCHI, GmFLS, and GmIOMT were also upregulated under far-red and red light. Taken together, our findings suggested that the application of LED light could pave a green and effective way to produce phenolic compound-enriched soybean microgreens with high nutritional quality, which could stimulate further investigations for improving plant nutritional value and should have a wide impact on maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences , Nottingham Trent University , Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham , NG25 0QF , U.K
| | - Zhonghua Bian
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences , Nottingham Trent University , Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham , NG25 0QF , U.K
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Industrial Crops , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences , Nottingham Trent University , Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham , NG25 0QF , U.K
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Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Effects of the Light Quality, Light Intensity, and Photoperiod on Phlorizin Accumulation in Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. is an important medicinal plant species grown in southern China, with phlorizin as its main active substance. The effects of light conditions on phlorizin biosynthesis in L. polystachyus remain unclear. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptomes of L. polystachyus plants cultivated under diverse light qualities, light intensities, and photoperiods. The light treatments resulted in 5977–8027 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were functionally annotated based on the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Genes encoding transcription factors from 89 families were differentially expressed after the light treatments, implying these transcription factors are photoresponsive. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) are the key enzymes for the accumulation of phlorizin. The transcription levels of PAL2, PAL, 4CL1 (DN121614), 4CLL7, and 4CL1 (DN102161) were positively correlated with phlorizin accumulation, suggesting that these genes are important for phlorizin biosynthesis. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the phlorizin content. Phlorizin accumulated in response to the green light treatment and following appropriate decreases in the light intensity or appropriate increases in the duration of the light exposure. The green light, 2000 lx, and 3000 lx treatments increased the PAL activity of L. polystachyus, but the regulatory effects of the light intensity treatments on PAL activity were relatively weak. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the light-induced transcriptome of L. polystachyus. The study results may form the basis of future studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying phlorizin biosynthesis in L. polystachyus. Moreover, this study may be relevant for clarifying the regulatory effects of light on the abundance of bioactive components in medicinal plants.
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Sun G, Strebl M, Merz M, Blamberg R, Huang FC, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Glucosylation of the phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine modulates the levels of pathogen-responsive metabolites in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:20-37. [PMID: 31124249 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme promiscuity, a common property of many uridine diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that convert small molecules, significantly hinders the identification of natural substrates and therefore the characterization of the physiological role of enzymes. In this paper we present a simple but effective strategy to identify endogenous substrates of plant UGTs using LC-MS-guided targeted glycoside analysis of transgenic plants. We successfully identified natural substrates of two promiscuous Nicotiana benthamiana UGTs (NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25), orthologues of pathogen-induced tobacco UGT (TOGT) from Nicotiana tabacum, which is involved in the hypersensitive reaction. While in N. tabacum, TOGT glucosylated scopoletin after treatment with salicylate, fungal elicitors and the tobacco mosaic virus, NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25 produced glucosides of phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine, which may strengthen cell walls to prevent the intrusion of pathogens, and flavonols after agroinfiltration of the corresponding genes in N. benthamiana. Enzymatic glucosylation of fractions of a physiological aglycone library confirmed the biological substrates of UGTs. In addition, overexpression of both genes in N. benthamiana produced clear lesions on the leaves and led to a significantly reduced content of pathogen-induced plant metabolites such as phenylalanine and tryptophan. Our results revealed some additional biological functions of TOGT enzymes and indicated a multifunctional role of UGTs in plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Sun
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Strebl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Robert Blamberg
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Fong-Chin Huang
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Song Q, Xia X, Ji C, Chen D, Lu Y. Optimized flash extraction and UPLC-MS analysis on antioxidant compositions of Nitraria sibirica fruit. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:379-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eichhorn Bilodeau S, Wu BS, Rufyikiri AS, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. An Update on Plant Photobiology and Implications for Cannabis Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:296. [PMID: 31001288 PMCID: PMC6455078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent developments in plant photobiology and lighting systems for horticultural crops, as well as potential applications for cannabis (Cannabis sativa and C. indica) plant production. The legal and commercial production of the cannabis plant is a relatively new, rapidly growing, and highly profitable industry in Europe and North America. However, more knowledge transfer from plant studies and horticultural communities to commercial cannabis plant growers is needed. Plant photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis are influenced by light wavelength, intensity, and photoperiod via plant photoreceptors that sense light and control plant growth. Further, light properties play a critical role in plant vegetative growth and reproductive (flowering) developmental stages, as well as in biomass, secondary metabolite synthesis, and accumulation. Advantages and disadvantages of widespread greenhouse lighting systems that use high pressure sodium lamps or light emitting diode (LED) lighting are known. Some artificial plant lighting practices will require improvements for cannabis production. By manipulating LED light spectra and stimulating specific plant photoreceptors, it may be possible to minimize operation costs while maximizing cannabis biomass and cannabinoid yield, including tetrahydrocannabinol (or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and cannabidiol for medicinal and recreational purposes. The basics of plant photobiology (photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis) and electrical lighting systems are discussed, with an emphasis on how the light spectrum and lighting strategies could influence cannabis production and secondary compound accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark Lefsrud
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lv H, Fu CS, Hu HX, Wang XN, Ren DM, Lou HX, Shen T. Chemical constituents from the calyxes of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Liu Y, Fang S, Yang W, Shang X, Fu X. Light quality affects flavonoid production and related gene expression in Cyclocarya paliurus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 179:66-73. [PMID: 29334625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the responses of plant growth and secondary metabolites to differential light conditions is very important to optimize cultivation conditions of medicinal woody plants. As a highly valued and multiple function tree species, Cyclocarya paliurus is planted and managed for timber production and medical use. In this study, LED-based light including white light (WL), blue light (BL), red light (RL), and green light (GL) were used to affect leaf biomass production, flavonoid accumulation and related gene expression of one-year C. paliurus seedlings in controlled environments. After the treatments of 60 days, the highest leaf biomass appeared in the treatment of WL, while the lowest leaf biomass was found under GL. Compared to WL, the total flavonoid contents of C. paliurus leaves were significantly higher in BL, RL, and GL, but the highest values of selected flavonoids (kaempferol, isoquercitrin and quercetin) were observed under BL. Furthermore, the greatest yields of total and selected flavonoids in C. paliurus leaves per seedling were also achieved under BL, indicating that blue light was effective for inducing the production of flavonoids in C. paliurus leaves. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between leaf flavonoid content and relative gene expression of key enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL; 4-coumaroyl CoA-ligase, 4CL; and chalcone synthase, CHS) in the upstream, which converting phenylalanine into the flavonoid skeleton of tetrahydroxy chalcone. It is concluded that manipulating light quality may be potential mean to achieve the highest yields of flavonoids in C. paliurus cultivation, however this needs to be further verified by more field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Wanxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xulan Shang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Fu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
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Wang Y, Tong Y, Chu H, Chen X, Guo H, Yuan H, Yan D, Zheng B. Effects of different light qualities on seedling growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Dendrobium officinale. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang X, Cao J, Dai X, Xiao J, Wu Y, Wang Q. Total flavonoid concentrations of bryophytes from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province (China): Phylogeny and ecological factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173003. [PMID: 28263997 PMCID: PMC5338819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids in bryophytes may have great significance in phylogeny and metabolism research. However, to date there has been little research on bryophyte metabolites, especially flavonoids. To redress this somewhat, we determined flavonoid concentrations of bryophytes from Tianmu Mountain through a colorimetric assay and considered the factors influencing the results. This is the first time that the flavonoid contents of bryophytes have been examined in detail. The results revealed a range of total flavonoid concentrations in 90 samples collected from Tianmu Mountain from 1.8 to 22.3 mg/g (w/w). The total flavonoid contents of liverworts were generally higher than those of mosses; acrocarpous mosses had generally higher values than that of pleurocarpous mosses. The total flavonoid contents of bryophytes growing at lower light levels were general higher than those growing in full-sun. The total flavonoid contents of epiphytic bryophytes were highest, while those of aquatic bryophytes were the lowest. Total flavonoid contents of species growing at low-latitudes were much higher than those at high-latitude individuals. In conclusion, total flavonoid contents of bryophytes have some connection with plant phylogeny; more flavonoids might be contained in relatively primitive bryophytes. Meanwhile, the effects of ecological factors on total flavonoid contents of bryophytes exist; light and habitat (especially tree habitat and river habitat) might be representative factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Insititute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiling Dai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yuhuan Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanxi Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Analysis of flavonoids and antioxidants in extracts of ferns from Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang Province (China). INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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