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Photo-activated proflavine degrades protein and impairs enzyme activity: Involvement of hydroxyl radicals. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:78-86. [PMID: 35024344 PMCID: PMC8724948 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of hydroxyl radical (·OH) increased by proflavine upon illumination with fluorescent light. Proflavine resulted in oxidative modifications and degradation of protein and enzyme structure. The addition of Cu (II) augmented photo-illuminated proflavine to generate hydroxyl radicals. Proflavine-induced hydroxyl radicals have a deleterious influence on protein and enzyme activity.
Proflavine is a well-known antiseptic and bacteriostatic drug, however, it has the potential to be hazardous and mutagenic. Proflavine enters cells and intercalates between DNA base pairs, resulting in mutation and replication inhibition. Previously several investigators demonstrated that photo-activated proflavine generated double-stranded DNA breakage and protein structural alterations. The present study investigated the role of hydroxyl radical (·OH) due to activation of proflavine in the breakdown of protein and enzyme by photo-activated proflavine. The results show that the formation of hydroxyl radicals increased as the photo-illumination period increased, as did the concentrations of proflavine and Cu (II). As demonstrated by SDS-PAGE, the excess of free radicals due to proflavine resulted in oxidative modifications and degradation of BSA protein and trypsin enzyme. Additionally, with an increase in Cu (II) concentration, photo-illuminated proflavine induced a considerable loss of enzyme activity and also accelerated the degradation of the enzyme. Bathocuproine, a particular Cu (I)-sequestering agent, prevented protein degradation and enzyme inactivation. Hydroxyl radical scavengers inhibited the protein-damaging process, indicating that hydroxyl radicals play a substantial role in protein damage. The tryptophan moiety was quenched by proflavine, demonstrating that it binds to proteins and enzymes, changing their structure and activity. As a result, this study helps to better understand proflavine's deleterious influence on protein and enzyme degradation by oxygen-free radicals.
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Gaurav M, Natesh A, Arundhati A, Mariam D. Biochemical aspects of hemoglobin-xenobiotic interactions and their implications in drug discovery. Biochimie 2021; 191:154-163. [PMID: 34474139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin, a homodimeric globular protein, is found predominantly in red blood cells and in a small amount in blood plasma. Along with binding to certain native molecules, it also interacts with various xenobiotics. The present review aims at studying these interactions and the resultant tangible impact on the structure and function of the protein if any. The review also encompasses various analytical and computational approaches which are routinely used to study these interactions. A detailed discussion on types of interaction exhibited by individual xenobiotics has been included herein. Additionally, the effects of xenobiotic binding on the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin have been reviewed. These insights would be of great value in drug design and discovery. Envisaging probable interactions of designed ligands with hemoglobin would help improvise the process of drug development. This would also open up new avenues for studying hemoglobin-mediated drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehta Gaurav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, India
| | - Ahuja Natesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, India
| | - Abhyankar Arundhati
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, India
| | - Degani Mariam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, India.
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Kostjukova LO, Leontieva SV, Kostjukov VV. The vibronic absorption spectra and electronic states of proflavine in aqueous solution. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nedu ME, Tertis M, Cristea C, Georgescu AV. Methylene Blue and Proflavine as Intraarterial Marker for Functional Perforazome-Comparative Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:147. [PMID: 33669636 PMCID: PMC7922966 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is both a dye and a medicine known and used for a long time including as lymphatic tracer in melanoma and breast cancer for revealing sentinel lymph nodes. Proflavine (PRO) is an acriflavine dye, used as bacteriostatic disinfectant against many gram-positive bacteria that was also successfully applied to evaluate morphopathological changes in tissues. This study was performed on a group of twenty-eight Wistar rats and had as its main objective the in vivo evaluation of the use of MB and PRO as perforator tracers. The two dyes proved to be effective functional perforasome tracers with medium inflammatory infiltrate in the skin of the island perforator flap which heals perfectly at 14 days with complete absence of the inflammatory reaction. At the same injected amount, PRO seems to determine a greater inflammatory reaction compared with MB, but in smaller concentration, the inflammatory response is absent in the case of PRO. In conclusion, both substances tested within this in vivo study are good functional perforasome tracers, but PRO has the advantage of the absence of inflammatory reaction when using lower concentrations, while preserving unalerted its efficiency as tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eliza Nedu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-E.N.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Valentin Georgescu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-E.N.); (A.V.G.)
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Nedu ME, Tertis M, Cristea C, Georgescu AV. Comparative Study Regarding the Properties of Methylene Blue and Proflavine and Their Optimal Concentrations for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040223. [PMID: 32326607 PMCID: PMC7235860 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue and proflavine are fluorescent dyes used to stain nucleic acid from the molecular level to the tissue level. Already clinically used for sentinel node mapping, detection of neuroendocrine tumors, methemoglobinemia, septic shock, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and photodynamic inactivation of RNA viruses, the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect of methylene blue has been demonstrated in different in vitro and in vivo studies. Proflavine was used as a disinfectant and bacteriostatic agent against many gram-positive bacteria, as well as a urinary antiseptic involved in highlighting cell nuclei. At the tissue level, the anti-inflammatory effects of methylene blue protect against pulmonary, renal, cardiac, pancreatic, ischemic-reperfusion lesions, and fevers. First used for their antiseptic and antiviral activity, respectively, methylene blue and proflavine turned out to be excellent dyes for diagnostic and treatment purposes. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that both dyes are efficient as perfusion and tissue tracers and permitted to evaluate the minimal efficient concentration in different species, as well as their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. This review aims to identify the optimal concentrations of methylene blue and proflavine that can be used for in vivo experiments to highlight the vascularization of the skin in the case of a perforasome (both as a tissue tracer and in vascular mapping), as well as their effects on tissues. This review is intended to be a comparative and critical presentation of the possible applications of methylene blue (MB) and proflavine (PRO) in the surgical field, and the relevant biomedical findings from specialized literature to date are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eliza Nedu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 46-50 Viilor St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-E.N.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-597256
| | - Alexandru Valentin Georgescu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 46-50 Viilor St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-E.N.); (A.V.G.)
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Wang Y, Wang J, Huang S, Liu C, Fu Y. Evaluating the effect of aminoglycosides on the interaction between bovine serum albumins by atomic force microscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:28-35. [PMID: 31063788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and determination of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) plays an important role in molecular biological science. In this study, the effect of aminoglycosides (AGs: streptomycin, gentamycin, lincomycin and clindamycin) on interactions between bovine serum albumin (BSA) was evaluated employing imaging and probing adhesion event by AFM. Multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking were supplementary to investigate the acting forces of the effect. AFM measurements revealed the aggregation of BSA grains and changes of adhesion forces at single molecule level. With adhesion forces between BSA pairs decomposed by Poisson method, specific forces in streptomycin, gentamycin, lincomycin and climdamycin were obviously decreased with the rate of 33.1%, 26.4%, 32.3% and 31.3% while non-specific forces slightly decreased with 5.5%, 3.3%, 4.0% and 7.7%. Combined with results of multi-spectroscopy as well as molecular docking, the whole determination showed AGs affected PPIs by multiple forces, where the hydrogen bonding and hydration effect were the main reasons. The binding of drugs and proteins acted by hydrogen bonding affected the interaction forces between BSA. Consequently, AFM was proposed to be an effective and precise tool in application including evaluating the effects of exogenous compounds on biomacromolecular interactions and rapid screening of drug candidates to avoid potential damages in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Chundong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yuna Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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Mokaberi P, Reyhani V, Amiri-Tehranizadeh Z, Saberi MR, Beigoli S, Samandar F, Chamani J. New insights into the binding behavior of lomefloxacin and human hemoglobin using biophysical techniques: binary and ternary approaches. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Demonstrates the overlap that had been induced between the fluorescence emission spectrum of Hb and the absorption spectrum of drugs, which has proved that there is a high probability to the occurrence of energy transfer from Hb and LMF in the absence and presence of NRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mokaberi
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Mashhad Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Mashhad
| | - Vida Reyhani
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Mashhad Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Mashhad
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Saberi
- Department of Medical Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
- Mashhad
- Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
- Mashhad
- Iran
| | - Farzaneh Samandar
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Mashhad Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Mashhad
| | - Jamshidkhan Chamani
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Mashhad Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Mashhad
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Millan S, Kumar A, Satish L, Susrisweta B, Dash P, Sahoo H. Insights into the binding interaction between copper ferrite nanoparticles and bovine serum albumin: An effect on protein conformation and activity. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:990-998. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabera Millan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT); Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Aniket Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT); Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Lakkoji Satish
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT); Rourkela Odisha India
| | - B. Susrisweta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT); Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Priyabrat Dash
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT); Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Harekrushna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT); Rourkela Odisha India
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Exploring the effect of 5-Fluorouracil on conformation, stability and activity of lysozyme by combined approach of spectroscopic and theoretical studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 179:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Akram M, Anwar S, Bhat IA, Kabir-ud-Din. In vitro evaluation of the non-covalent interactions of hemoglobin with distinctively modified gemini surfactants: Effect of structural variation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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