1
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Nene LC, Abrahamse H. Design consideration of phthalocyanines as sensitizers for enhanced sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy of cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1077-1097. [PMID: 38486981 PMCID: PMC10935510 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality globally. Conventional treatment modalities have demonstrated threatening drawbacks including invasiveness, non-controllability, and development of resistance for some, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy (SPDT) has been developed as an alternative treatment modality which offers a non-invasive and controllable therapeutic approach. SPDT combines the mechanism of action of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which uses ultrasound, and photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses light, to activate a sensitizer and initiate cancer eradication. The use of phthalocyanines (Pcs) as sensitizers for SPDT is gaining interest owing to their ability to induce intracellular oxidative stress and initiate toxicity under SDT and PDT. This review discusses some of the structural prerequisites of Pcs which may influence their overall SPDT activities in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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2
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Magadla A, Mpeta LS, Britton J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activities of phthalocyanine-antibiotic conjugates against bacterial biofilms and interactions with extracellular polymeric substances. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103878. [PMID: 37918559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study sheds light on how to rationally design efficient photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) agents by covalently linking phthalocyanines (Pcs) as photosensitizers with an antibiotic: Ciprofloxacin (CIP). Pcs used are zinc (II) 3-(4-((3,17,23-tris(4-(Benzo(d)thiazol-2-yl] thiol) phthalocyanine-9-yl) oxy) phenyl) propanoic acid (1) and zinc (II) 3-(4-(3,17,23-tris(3-(4-(triphenylphosphine) butyl) benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium bromide phthalocyanine-9-yl) oxy) phenyl) propanoic acid (2). High singlet oxygen quantum yields are observed in the presence of CIP. Square wave voltammetry was used to analyse the Pc-CIP uptake by bacteria biofilms of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumonia) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron spectroscopy were used to study the stability of the biofilms in the presence Pc-CIP complexes and when exposed to light. Raman and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) are used to identify the breakdown of cellular components of the biofilm and penetration of the Pc-CIP into the biofilms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviwe Magadla
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Lekhetho S Mpeta
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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3
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Soy R, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. The photodynamic activity properties of a series of structurally analogous tetraarylporphyrin, chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes and their Sn(IV) complexes. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103815. [PMID: 37777078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of tetraarylporphyrin, -chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes with 4‑methoxy‑meso-aryl rings (1-Por, 1-Chl and 1-NCP) and their Sn(IV) complexes (1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effect of the Sn(IV) ion results in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.67, 0.71 and 0.85 for 1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP, respectively. The photodynamic activities of 1-Por, 1-Chl, 1-NCP, 1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP were determined against MCF-7 breast cancer cells through illumination with Thorlabs 625 or 660 nm (240 or 280 mW.cm-2) light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 20 min. The IC50 values for 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP lie between 1.4 - 6.1 and 1.6 - 4.8 µM upon photoirradiation with the 660 and 625 nm LEDs, respectively, while higher values of >10 µM were obtained for 1-SnPor and the free base dyes. In a similar manner, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP were found to also have significantly higher photodynamic antimicrobial activity against planktonic Gram-(+) Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-(-) Escherichia coli bacteria than the other dyes studied. Upon illumination with Thorlabs 625 and 660 nm LEDs for 75 min, Log10 reduction values of 7.62 and > 2.40-3.69 were obtained with 1 and 5 µM solutions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah Soy
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, SRM University - AP, Amaravati 522502, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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4
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Soy R, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. The Photodynamic Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity Properties of a Series of meso-Tetraarylchlorin Dyes and Their Sn(IV) Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104030. [PMID: 37241769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of tetraarylchlorins with 3-methoxy-, 4-hydroxy- and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl meso-aryl rings (1-3-Chl) and their Sn(IV) complexes (1-3-SnChl) were synthesized and characterized so that their potential utility as photosensitizer dyes for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can be assessed. The photophysicochemical properties of the dyes were assessed prior to in vitro PDT activity studies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells through irradiation with Thorlabs 625 or 660 nm LED for 20 min (240 or 280 mW·cm-2). PACT activity studies were performed against both planktonic bacteria and biofilms of Gram-(+) S. aureus and Gram-(-) E. coli upon irradiation with Thorlabs 625 and 660 nm LEDs for 75 min. The heavy atom effect of the Sn(IV) ion results in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.69-0.71 for 1-3-SnChl. Relatively low IC50 values between 1.1-4.1 and 3.8-9.4 µM were obtained for the 1-3-SnChl series with the Thorlabs 660 and 625 nm LEDs, respectively, during the PDT activity studies. 1-3-SnChl were also found to exhibit significant PACT activity against planktonic S. aureus and E. coli with Log10 reduction values of 7.65 and >3.0, respectively. The results demonstrate that the Sn(IV) complexes of tetraarylchlorins merit further in depth study as photosensitizers in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah Soy
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522502, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Photoantimicrobial activity of Schiff-base Morpholino phthalocyanines against drug resistant micro-organisms in their planktonic and biofilm forms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103519. [PMID: 36931368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is an alternative treatment for the eradication of drug-resistant micro-organisms. One of the advantages of this technique, it that there is no possibility of microbial resistance. Hence, herein, the preparation and characterization of novel neutral and cationic morpholine containing Schiff base phthalocyanines are reported. The cationic complexes (4 and 5) gave moderate singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) of ∼0.2 in aqueous media. Conversely, the neutral complexes generated very low ΦΔ values making them very poor candidates for antimicrobial studies. The cationic phthalocyanines showed excellent photodynamic activity against planktonic cells of all micro-organisms (Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The efficiency of aPDI was shown to be both concentration and light-dose-dependent. Mono biofilms were susceptible when treated with 200 µM of cationic Pcs at 108 J/cm2. However, ∼10% of the mixed biofilm survived after treatment.
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Nene LC, Nyokong T. The in-vitro proliferation-suppression of MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines mediated by differently substituted ionic phthalocyanines in sonodynamic therapy supplemented-photodynamic therapy. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 239:112084. [PMID: 36469974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on the study of the effects of the ultrasonic frequency (MHz) and power (W.cm-2) on the stability, reactive oxygen species yields and cytotoxicity activities of differently substituted ionic phthalocyanines (Pcs) in sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Four ultrasonic parameters were investigated: Par I (1 MHz: 1 W.cm-2), Par II (1 MHz: 2 W.cm-2), Par III (3 MHz: 1 W.cm-2) and Par IV (3 MHz: 2 W.cm-2). A higher degradation of the Pcs was observed with increasing power at the Par II. Two reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in the ultrasound treated Pcs: singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. Due to minimal degradation of most Pcs, Par I was chosen for SDT, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photo-sonodynamic therapy (PSDT) against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 and Henrietta Lacks cancer cell lines. PSDT generally showed improved therapeutic efficacies of the Pcs compared to the SDT and PDT mono treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, P.O. 94, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, P.O. 94, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.
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7
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Enhancement of the in vitro anticancer photo-sonodynamic combination therapy activity of cationic thiazole-phthalocyanines using gold and silver nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Photodynamic Therapy of Aluminum Phthalocyanine Tetra Sodium 2-Mercaptoacetate Linked to PEGylated Copper-Gold Bimetallic Nanoparticles on Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031902. [PMID: 36768224 PMCID: PMC9915188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports for the first time on the synthesis, characterization, and photodynamic therapy efficacy of the novel aluminium (III) chloride 2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-tetrakis-(sodium 2-mercaptoacetate) phthalocyanine (AlClPcTS41) when alone and when conjugated to PEGylated copper-gold bimetallic nanoparticles (PEG-CuAuNPs) as photosensitizers on colon cancer cells (Caco-2). The novel AlClPcTS41 was covalently linked to the PEG-CuAuNPs via an amide bond to form AlClPcTS41-PEG-CuAuNPs. The amide bond was successfully confirmed using FTIR while the crystal structures were studied using XRD. The morphological and size variations of the PEG-CuAuNPs and AlClPcTS41-PEG-CuAuNPs were studied using TEM, while the hydrodynamic sizes and polydispersity of the particles were confirmed using DLS. The ground state electron absorption spectra were also studied and confirmed the typical absorption of metallated phthalocyanines and their nanoparticle conjugates. Subsequently, the subcellular uptake, cellular proliferation, and PDT anti-tumor effect of AlClPcTS41, PEG-CuAuNPs, and AlClPcTS41-PEG-CuAuNPs were investigated within in vitro Caco-2 cells. The designed AlClPcTS41 and AlClPcTS41-PEG-CuAuNPs demonstrated significant ROS generation abilities that led to the PDT effect with a significantly decreased viable cell population after PDT treatment. These results demonstrate that the novel AlClPcTS41 and AlClPcTS41-PEG-CuAuNPs had remarkable PDT effects against Caco-2 cells and may trigger apoptosis cell death pathway, indicating the potential of the AlClPcTS41 and AlClPcTS41-PEG-CuAuNPs in enhancing the cytotoxic effect of PDT treatment.
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Sindelo A, Sen P, Nyokong T. Photodynamic inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using pyrrolidinium containing Schiff base phthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Sindelo A, Nene L, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy with asymmetrical cationic or neutral metallophthalocyanines conjugated to amino-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles (spherical or pyramidal) against planktonic and biofilm microbial cultures. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103160. [PMID: 36244683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of neutral zinc and indium substituted mercaptobenzothiazole substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their respective cationic derivatives are presented. The phthalocyanines were further covalently linked to two differently shaped amino-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs): namely nanospheres (NH2-ZnONSp), and nanopyramids (NH2-ZnONPy), to form corresponding nanoconjugates. The photophysicochemical properties of each nanocomposite were determined, and the Pc-ZnONPs produced high singlet oxygen quantum yields. The photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activity was determined using planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). The conjugates of the cationic Pc derivatives with ZnONPy produced the highest log reduction values (∼ 8 and above) with the complete elimination of all planktonic cells at 0.45 kJ/cm2 for S. aureus and at 0.9 kJ/cm2 for E. coli, and C. albicans. For biofilms log reduction values >3 for both S. aureus and E. coli were obtained. The conjugates of the cationic Pc derivatives with NH2-ZnONPy showed great potential in eradicating mixed microbial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azole Sindelo
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle Nene
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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11
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Nene LC, Buthelezi K, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. The in vitro photo-sonodynamic combinatorial therapy activity of cationic and zwitterionic phthalocyanines on MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Nene LC, Magadla A, Nyokong T. Enhanced mitochondria destruction on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines in vitro using triphenyl-phosphonium-labelled phthalocyanines in ultrasound-assisted photodynamic therapy activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112553. [PMID: 36084362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the therapeutic activities of new triphenyl-phosphonium-labelled phthalocyanines (Pcs), the 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(N-(N-butyl-4-triphenyl-phosphonium)- pyridine-4-yloxy) Zn(II) Pc (3) and 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(N-(N-butyl-4-triphenyl-phosphonium)-morpholino) Zn(II) Pc (4) upon exposure to light, ultrasound and the combination of light and ultrasound. Two types of ROS were detected: the singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals. For light irradiations, only the 1O2 was detected. An increase in the ROS generation was observed for samples treated with the combination of light and ultrasound compared to the light and ultrasound mono-treatments. The in vitro anticancer activity through photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic (SDT) therapy for the Pcs were also determined and compared to the photo-sonodynamic combination therapy (PSDT). The two cancer cell lines used for the in vitro studies included the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer and Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) cervical cancer cell lines. The SDT treatments showed improved therapeutic efficacy on the cancer cells for both the Pcs compared to PDT. PSDT showed better therapeutic efficacy compared to both the PDT and SDT mono-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, P.O. 94, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Aviwe Magadla
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, P.O. 94, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, P.O. 94, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.
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13
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Demirbaş Ü, Pişkin M, Durmuş M, Kantekin H. Metal or metal-free phthalocyanines containing morpholine substituents: synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysicochemical properties. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Demirbaş
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Pişkin
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Food Processing, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Halit Kantekin
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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14
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Mgidlana S, Managa M, Nyokong T. Asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanines conjugated to metal tungstate nanoparticles for photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sithi Mgidlana
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Muthumuni Managa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), Florida Campus, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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15
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Zhao D, Ouyang A, Wang X, Zhang W, Cheng G, Lv B, Liu W. Synthesis, crystal structure and biological evaluation of thyroid cancer targeting photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Sindelo A, Mafukidze DM, Nyokong T. Fabrication of asymmetrical morpholine phthalocyanines conjugated chitosan-polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for improved photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activity. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Polyelectrolyte wrapped methylation morpholine-phthalocyanine@gold nanorod for synergistic photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy photodegradation of DNA. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Sen P, Mack J, Nyokong T. Indium phthalocyanines: Comparative photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Spesia MB, Durantini EN. Evolution of Phthalocyanine Structures as Photodynamic Agents for Bacteria Inactivation. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100292. [PMID: 35018719 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine derivatives have been proposed as photosensitizers for the treatment of several microbial infections. In this review, the progress in the structures of phthalocyanines was analyzed, considering that these compounds can easily functionalize and can form complexes with various metal ions. In this sense, different substituents were used to increase the interaction with the microorganisms, improving their photodynamic inactivation. Furthermore, these photosensitizers absorb strongly at phototherapeutic window, emit red fluorescence, and efficiently produce the formation of reactive oxygen species. Subsequently, the influence of binding, bacteria types, cell density, washing effect, and media on photoinactivation was remarked to elimination of microbes. Finally, photokilling of bacterial biofilm by phthalocyanines and the mechanism of action were discussed. Therefore, this review brings together the main features of phthalocyanines as antimicrobial phototherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Spesia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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20
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Baigorria E, Durantini JE, Martínez SR, Milanesio ME, Palacios YB, Durantini AM. Potentiation Effect of Iodine Species on the Antimicrobial Capability of Surfaces Coated with Electroactive Phthalocyanines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8559-8570. [PMID: 35005911 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The spreading of different infections can occur through direct contact with glass surfaces in commonly used areas. Incorporating the use of alternative therapies in these materials seems essential to reduce and also avoid bacterial resistance. In this work, the capability to kill microbes of glass surfaces coated with two electroactive metalated phthalocyanines (ZnPc-EDOT and CuPc-EDOT) is assessed. The results show that both of these materials are capable of producing reactive oxygen species; however, the polymer with Zn(II) (ZnPc-PEDOT) has a singlet oxygen quantum yield 8-fold higher than that of the Cu(II) containing analogue. This was reflected in the in vitro experiments where the effectiveness of the surfaces was tested in bacterial suspensions, monitoring single microbe inactivation upon attachment to the polymers, and eliminating mature biofilms. Furthermore, we evaluated the use of an inorganic salt (KI) to potentiate the photodynamic inactivation mediated by an electropolymerized surface. The addition of the salt improved the efficiency of phototherapy at least two times for both polymers; nevertheless, the material coated with ZnPc-PEDOT was the only one capable of eliminating >99.98% of the initial microbes loading under different circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Baigorria
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sol R Martínez
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E Milanesio
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yohana B Palacios
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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21
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Nene LC, Nyokong T. Photo-sonodynamic combination activity of cationic morpholino-phthalocyanines conjugated to nitrogen and nitrogen-sulfur doped graphene quantum dots against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102573. [PMID: 34628070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we explore the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation abilities of cationic morpholino-substituted-phthalocyanine (Pc) conjugated to nitrogen (NGQDs) and nitrogen-sulfur (NSGQDs) doped-graphene quantum dots upon irradiation with light for photodynamic therapy (PDT), ultrasound for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and the combination of both in photo-sonodynamic therapy (PSDT). The in vitro cytotoxicity studies were conducted using the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 cells). For PDT treatments, only the 1O2 was detected for all the sensitizers, whereas both the 1O2 and •OH radicals were evident after SDT and PSDT treatments. An increase in the 1O2 generation was observed for the conjugates compared to the GQDs and the Pc alone. However, the •OH radicals were reduced in the conjugates compared to the GQDs and the Pc alone. The NGQDs generally showed better ROS generation efficacy compared to the NSGQDs, alone and in the conjugates. The combination therapy also shows improved efficacy compared to the monotherapies for the Pcs and Pc-GQDs conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, P.O. 94, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, P.O. 94, Makhanda, South Africa.
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22
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Ribeiro CP, Lourenço LM. Overview of cationic phthalocyanines for effective photoinactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Synthesis and properties of tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines containing cyclohexylphenoxy-groups on the periphery. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Sen P, Nwahara N, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial activity of benzimidazole substituted phthalocyanine when conjugated to Nitrogen Doped Graphene Quantum Dots against Staphylococcus aureus. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, peripherally benzimidazole unit substituted ZnPc (1) and its conjugation to nitrogen doped graphene quantum dot (NGQD) as potential phthalocyanine support via π-π stacking have been presented and fully characterized. The bottom-up solution-based synthesized NGQDs was conjugated non-covalently to zinc phthalocyanine to form NGQDs-Pc nanoconjugates. The photophysical and photochemical properties of both such as absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence life time, singlet oxygen quantum yields, triplet state quantum yields and exited state lifetimes were investigated in solutions. We observed a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yields with a corresponding increase in the triplet quantum yield and singlet oxygen quantum yield of the nanoconjugates in comparison to the phthalocyanine complex alone. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activities (PACT) of ZnPc alone and its nanoconjugate were determined towards Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Sen
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Nnamdi Nwahara
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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25
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Amphiphilic tricationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine provides effective photodynamic action to eradicate broad-spectrum microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:939-953. [PMID: 34255302 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel tricationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivative, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+, was synthesized by ring expansion reaction of boron(III) [2,9(10),16(17)-trinitrosubphthalocyaninato]chloride. First, the reaction of this subphthalocyanine with 2,3-naphthalenedicarbonitrile and Zn(CH3COO)2 catalyzed by 8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene was used to obtain the A3B-type nitrophthalocyanine. After reduction of nitro groups with Na2S and exhaustive methylation of amino groups, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was formed in good yields. In addition, the tetracationic analog (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ was synthesized to compare their properties. The absorption and fluorescence spectra showed the Q-bands and the red emission, respectively, which are characteristic of the Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivatives in N,N-dimethylformamide. Furthermore, photodynamic activity sensitized by these compounds was studied in the presence of different molecular probes to sense the formation of reactive oxygen species. (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ efficiently produced singlet molecular oxygen and also it sensitized the formation of superoxide anion radical in the presence of NADH, while the photodynamic activity of (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ was very poor, possibly due to the partial formation of aggregates. Furthermore, the decomposition of L-tryptophan induced by (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was mainly mediated by a type II mechanism. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation sensitized by these phthalocyanines was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, as representative microbial cells. In cell suspensions, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was rapidly bound to microbial cells, showing bioimages with red fluorescence emission. After 5 min of irradiation with visible light, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was able to completely eliminate S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, using 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μM phthalocyanine, respectively. In contrast, a low photoinactivation activity was found with (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ as a photosensitizer. Therefore, the amphiphilic tricationic phthalocyanine (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ is a promising photosensitizing structure for application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial phototherapeutic agent.
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26
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Karaca H, Delibaş NÇ, Sağlam S, Pişkin H, Sezer S, Hökelek T, Teker M. Metallophthalocyanines derived with phenyl sulfide by bridging triazole using click chemistry: Synthesis, Computational Study, Redox Chemistry and Catalytic Activity. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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The antibacterial and antifungal properties of neutral, octacationic and hexadecacationic Zn phthalocyanines when conjugated to silver nanoparticles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102361. [PMID: 34052420 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and characterization of novel octacationic and hexadecacationic Pcs is reported. With the aim of enhancing singlet oxygen generation efficiencies and hence antimicrobial activities, these Pcs (including their neutral counterpart) are conjugated to Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). The obtained results show that the conjugate composed of the neutral Pc has a higher loading of Pcs as well as a greater singlet oxygen quantum yield enhancement (in the presence of AgNPs) in DMSO. The antimicrobial efficiencies of the Pcs and their conjugates were evaluated and compared on S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. The cationic Pcs possess better activity than the neutral Pc against all the microorganisms with the hexadecacationic Pc being the best. This work therefore demonstrates that increase in the number of cationic charges on the reported Pcs results in enhanced antimicrobial activities, which is maintained even when conjugated to Ag nanoparticles. The high activity and lack of selectivity of the cationic Pcs when conjugated to Ag NPs against different microorganisms make them good candidates for real life antimicrobial treatments.
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KALKAN BURAT A, PEKBELGİN KARAOĞLU HR. Photophysical properties of a newly synthesized unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.870010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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29
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Babu B, Ochappan T, Asraf Ali T, Mack J, Nyokong T, Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman M. Photodynamic activity and photoantimicrobial chemotherapy studies of ferrocene-substituted 2-thiobarbituric acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127922. [PMID: 33705910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A ferrocene-substituted thiobarbituric acid (FT) has been synthesized to explore its photophysical properties and photodynamic and photoantimicrobial chemotherapy activities. FT has an intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band at ca. 575 nm. The ferrocene moiety of FT undergoes photooxidation to form a ferrocenium species which in turn produces hydroxyl radical in an aqueous environment, which was confirmed via the bleaching reaction of p-nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO). FT exhibits efficient PDT activity against MCF-7 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 5.6 μM upon irradiation with 595 nm for 30 min with a Thorlabs M595L3 LED (240 mW cm-2). Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by FT shows significant activity with log reduction values of 6.62 and 6.16 respectively, under illumination for 60 min at 595 nm. These results demonstrate that ferrocene-substituted thiobarbituric acids merit further study for developing novel bioorganometallic PDT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Tamil Nadu 624 302, India; Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Thivagar Ochappan
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Tamil Nadu 624 302, India
| | - Thaslima Asraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Tamil Nadu 624 302, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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30
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Sen P, Nyokong T. Promising photodynamic antimicrobial activity of polyimine substituted zinc phthalocyanine and its polycationic derivative when conjugated to nitrogen, sulfur, co-doped graphene quantum dots against Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102300. [PMID: 33894371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a most important problem facing the treatment of infectious diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment strategy, considered to be cost-effective and feasible. For this purpose, octa-imine substituted ZnPc (3) have been prepared and conjugated to nitrogen, sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots (N,S-GQDs) through π-π stacking. The photophysical and photochemical properties of Pc alone and and Pc-conjugated to the GQD nanomaterial such as absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence life time, singlet oxygen quantum yields, triplet state quantum yields and exited state lifetimes were investigated in solutions before in vitro cell studies. The PACT activity of prepared structures was investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Our results suggest that the in the case of conjugation of zinc Pc to N,S-GQDs, photodynamic inactivation increased with the 100 % reduction percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Sen
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
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31
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Nene LC, Sindelo A, Britton J, Nyokong T. Effect of ultrasonic frequency and power on the sonodynamic therapy activity of cationic Zn(II) phthalocyanines. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111397. [PMID: 33611149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the sonodynamic activity of cationic phthalocyanines (Pcs) and the effect of the variation of two parameters: ultrasound frequency and power (Par I (1 MHz, 1 W cm-2), Par II (1 MHz, 2 W cm-2), Par III (3 MHz, 1 W cm-2) and Par IV (3 MHz, 2 W cm-2)) on the efficiency of their reactive oxygen species generation and cancer eradication in vitro thereof. Where Par stands for the various combinations of these parameters. Four Pcs were investigated with substituents bearing diethylamine, ortho- and para-pyridine and morpholine groups. Overall, the para-pyridine and morpholine Pcs showed substantial sono-activity in the various ultrasound parameters with Par I and IV generally showing better singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals generation confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In some cases, very high hydroxyl radicals' generation was observed at Par II. Furthermore, the fragmentation of the Pcs after Par II treatments was confirmed using UV-vis and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The reactive species generation efficacy decreased at Par III for all samples. Ultrasound assisted cytotoxicity of the Pcs was confirmed in vitro using the human (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Azole Sindelo
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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32
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Al-Raqa SY, Khezami K, Kaya EN, Durmuş M. A novel water soluble axially substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine bearing quaternized 4-(4-pyridinyl)phenol groups: Synthesis, characterization, photophysicochemical properties and BSA/DNA binding behavior. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Mapukata S, Britton J, Osifeko OL, Nyokong T. The improved antibacterial efficiency of a zinc phthalocyanine when embedded on silver nanoparticle modified silica nanofibers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102100. [PMID: 33212269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the fabrication and modification of electrospun polymer free silica nanofibers (SiO2 NFs) with the aim of creating heterogeneous antibacterial catalysts. The optical and photophysical properties of the obtained NFs i.e. bare SiO2, Ag-SiO2, Pc-SiO2 and Pc@Ag-SiO2 NFs (Pc = phthalocyanine) were compared and reported. The singlet oxygen quantum yields of the Pc-SiO2 and Pc@Ag-SiO2 NFs were also quantified and found to be 0.08 and 0.12, respectively, in water. All the modified SiO2 NFs were found to possess photoactivity against S. aureus with the most effective being the Pc@Ag-SiO2 NFs due to the synergy between the Pc and Ag nanoparticles. The bare SiO2 NFs do not exhibit any antibacterial activity while the Ag-SiO2 and Pc@Ag-SiO2 NFs were found to also exhibit dark toxicity. The generated photocatalysts are attractive because they are active against bacteria and they are easily retrievable post-application. The nanocatalysts reported herein are therefore feasible candidates for real-life antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivuyisiwe Mapukata
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Olawale L Osifeko
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.
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34
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Ağırtaş MS. Fluorescence properties in different solvents and synthesis of axially substituted silicon phthalocyanine bearing bis-4-tritylphenoxy units. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this present study, a new axially bis-4-tritylphenoxy substituted silicon phthalocyanine compound was synthesized and characterized using infrared, mass, electronic absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fluorescence and absorption spectra studies of the disubstituted silicon phthalocyanine complex were conducted on the chloroform, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran solutions. The findings of the fluorescence studies demonstrated that the compound has fluorescence spectra in the different solvents. The effects of the substitution with axially bis-4-tritylphenoxy functionalized groups on these parameters were also compared with the previously synthesized axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines. These results proved that the compound has different fluorescence properties in the different solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, 65080, Van, Turkey
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35
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Gorduk S. Investigation of photophysicochemical properties of non-peripherally tetra-substituted metal-free, Mg(II), Zn(II) and In(III)CI phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Highly soluble HOPEMP-functionalized phthalocyanines for photodynamic activity: Photophysical, photochemical and aggregation properties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Beraldo H. Pharmacological applications of non-radioactive indium(III) complexes: A field yet to be explored. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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38
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Mafukidze DM, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy of a dimethylamino-functionalized asymmetric zinc(II) phthalocyanine and its quaternized derivative against Staphylococcus aureus when supported on asymmetric polystyrene polymer membranes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Gorduk S. Octa-substituted metallophthalocyanines bearing (2,3-dihydrobenzo-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methoxy and chloro groups: Synthesis, characterization and photophysicochemical studies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis and characterization of novel 4-chloro-5-((2,3-dihydrobenzo-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and its peripherally octa-substituted Zn(II) (Pc-Zn), In(III) (PcInCI) and Mg(II) (Pc-Mg) phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives are reported for the first time. FT-IR, elemental analysis, UV-vis, NMR and MS techniques were used for characterization studies of the compounds. Aggregation properties of the compounds were evaluated in DMF, DMSO and THF solvents in different concentrations, and the compounds did not tend to aggregate in these solvents. In addition, photophysicochemical properties such as fluorescence, photodegradation and singlet oxygen quantum yield of the compounds were examined in DMSO, DMF and THF solvents to show the potential use of these novel compounds as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The effects of zinc, indium and magnesium metals, octa substitutions in peripheral positions and different types of solvents on photophysicochemical properties were investigated. The singlet oxygen quantum yield values of compounds ranged from 0.27 to 0.77 in different solvents. As a result of the photophysicochemical properties, these compounds can be considered as potential candidates for PDT, applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Gorduk
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
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40
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Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of photochemical properties of tetra-substituted zinc phthalocyanines bearing 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl moiety with different linker heteroatoms. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Revuelta-Maza MÁ, González-Jiménez P, Hally C, Agut M, Nonell S, de la Torre G, Torres T. Fluorine-substituted tetracationic ABAB-phthalocyanines for efficient photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111957. [PMID: 31864170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of new amphiphilic phthalocyanines (Pcs), the study of their singlet oxygen generation capabilities, and biological assays to determine their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. In particular, Pcs with an ABAB geometry (where A and B refer to differently substituted isoindole constituents) have been synthesized. These molecules are endowed with bulky bis(trifluoromethylphenyl) groups in two facing isoindoles, which hinder aggregation and favour singlet oxygen generation, and pyridinium or alkylammonium moieties in the other two isoindoles. In particular, two water-soluble Pc derivatives (PS-1 and PS-2) have proved to be efficient in the photoinactivation of S. aureus and E. coli, selected as models of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Sen P, Nyokong T. A novel axially palladium(II)-Schiff base complex substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine: Synthesis, characterization, photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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43
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Grammatikova NE, George L, Ahmed Z, Candeias NR, Durandin NA, Efimov A. Zinc phthalocyanine activated by conventional indoor light makes a highly efficient antimicrobial material from regular cellulose. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A phthalocyanine-cellulose material quickly inactivates drug-resistant microbes under indoor light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijo George
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - Zafar Ahmed
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - Nuno R. Candeias
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - Nikita A. Durandin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
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