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Zhang G, Yang F, Li J, Chen S, Kong Y, Mo C, Leng X, Liu Y, Xu Y, Wang Y. A quinazoline derivative suppresses B cell hyper-activation and ameliorates the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159075. [PMID: 37256224 PMCID: PMC10225574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant autoreactive B cell responses contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Currently, there is no safe and effective drug for intervention of SLE. Quinazoline derivative (N4-(4-phenoxyphenethyl)quinazoline-4,6-diamine, QNZ) is a NF-κB inhibitor and has potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, it is unclear whether QNZ treatment can modulate B cell activation and SLE severity. Methods: Splenic CD19+ B cells were treated with QNZ (2, 10, or 50 nM) or paeoniflorin (200 μM, a positive control), and their activation and antigen presentation function-related molecule expression were examined by flow cytometry. MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice were randomized and treated intraperitoneally with vehicle alone, 0.2 mg/kg/d QNZ or 1 mg/kg/d FK-506 (tacrolimus, a positive control) for 8 weeks. Their body weights and clinical symptoms were measured and the frequency of different subsets of splenic and lymph node activated B cells were quantified by flow cytometry. The degrees of kidney inflammation and glycogen deposition were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and PAS staining. The levels of serum autoantibodies and renal IgG, complement C3 deposition were examined by ELISA and immunofluorescence. Results: QNZ treatment significantly inhibited the activation and antigen presentation-related molecule expression of B cells in vitro. Similarly, treatment with QNZ significantly mitigated the SLE activity by reducing the frequency of activated B cells and plasma cells in MRL/lpr mice. Conclusion: QNZ treatment ameliorated the severity of SLE in MRL/lpr mice, which may be associated with inhibiting B cell activation, and plasma cell formation. QNZ may be an excellent candidate for the treatment of SLE and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhang Kong
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Leng
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yantang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Jing J, Zhu C, Gong R, Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Research progress on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of atherosclerosis: A promising natural immunotherapeutic adjuvant. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 36610225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of lipid metabolism. Abnormal deposition of low-density lipoproteins in the arterial wall stimulates the activation of immune cells, including the adhesion and infiltration of monocytes, the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and lymphocytes, and the activation of their functions. The complex interplay between immune cells coordinates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation and plays a key role in the progression of AS. Therefore, targeting immune cell activity may lead to the development of more selective drugs with fewer side effects to treat AS without compromising host defense mechanisms. At present, an increasing number of studies have found that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate the function of immune cells in multiple ways to against AS, showing great potential for the treatment of AS and promising clinical applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of immune cell action in AS lesions and the potential targets and/or pathways for immune cell regulation by the active ingredients of TCM to promote the understanding of the immune system interactions of AS and provide a relevant basis for the use of active ingredients of TCM as natural adjuvants for AS immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Peripheral Vascular Disease Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Li Y, Yin S, Chen X, Shi F, Wang J, Yang H. The inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin on reactive oxygen species alleviates the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways in macrophages. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35920812 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) has been proven to possess a protective effect in some inflammatory diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Macrophages play central roles in inflammatory responses and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage is an ideal model for studying the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of drugs. Thus, it was used to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PF in this study. The results showed that PF markedly attenuated the activation of NF-κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38) signalling pathways induced by LPS exposure. In addition, PF pretreatment dose-dependently suppressed the production of cytokines and the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Concomitantly, PF pretreatment dramatically inhibited the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) without affecting the phagocytosis of macrophages. Furthermore, it has proved the scavenging effect of PF on ROS was involved in the anti-inflammatory process. This study provides a novel aspect to the understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Shaojie Yin
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, PR China.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Feifei Shi
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, PR China
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Saurin S, Meineck M, Erkel G, Opatz T, Weinmann-Menke J, Pautz A. Drug Candidates for Autoimmune Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:503. [PMID: 35631330 PMCID: PMC9143092 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the immunosuppressive drugs used in the clinic to prevent organ rejection or to treat autoimmune disorders were originally isolated from fungi or bacteria. Therefore, in addition to plants, these are valuable sources for identification of new potent drugs. Many side effects of established drugs limit their usage and make the identification of new immunosuppressants necessary. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of natural products with potent anti-inflammatory activities that have been tested successfully in different models of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Some of these candidates already have passed first clinical trials. The anti-inflammatory potency of these natural products was often comparable to those of established drugs, and they could be used at least in addition to standard therapy to reduce their dose to minimize unwanted side effects. A frequent mode of action is the inhibition of classical inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, in combination with downregulation of oxidative stress. A drawback for the therapeutic use of those natural products is their moderate bioavailability, which can be optimized by chemical modifications and, in addition, further safety studies are necessary. Altogether, very interesting candidate compounds exist which have the potential to serve as starting points for the development of new immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Saurin
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Myriam Meineck
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erkel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Technical University, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Xu L, Wang H, Yu QQ, Ge JR, Zhang XZ, Mei D, Liang FQ, Cai XY, Zhu Y, Shu JL, Tai Y, Wei W, Zhang LL. The monomer derivative of paeoniflorin inhibits macrophage pyroptosis via regulating TLR4/ NLRP3/ GSDMD signaling pathway in adjuvant arthritis rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108169. [PMID: 34607227 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the effect of monomer derivative of paeoniflorin (MDP) on macrophage pyroptosis mediated by TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathway in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats. METHOD Wistar rats were divided into normal group, AA model group, MDP (50 mg/kg) group and MTX (0.5 mg/kg) group. The expression of TLR4, NLRP3 and GSDMD in macrophage were detected by immunofluorescence assay. The expression of TLR4 and the ratio of macrophage pyroptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The cytokine levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA. The expressions of proteins related to macrophage pyroptosis were detected by western blot. RESULTS MDP has a therapeutic effect on rats AA by reducing the secondary inflammation and improving pathological changes. The results of X-ray imaging and ultrasound images showed that MDP could inhibit bone erosion, soft tissue swelling, and joint space narrowing. Macrophage pyroptosis was found in secondary inflammation of AA rats. The expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, and GSDMD-N in macrophage were increased, the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were enhanced, and the morphology of pyroptosis could be observed. MDP could inhibit macrophage polarization and macrophage pyroptosis, and down-regulated the cytokine levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in AA rats. MDP could regulate the M1/M2 ratio, decreased the ratio of macrophage pyroptosis and down-regulated the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, and GSDMD-N in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Abnormal activation of TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathway may be involved in macrophage pyroptosis in AA rats. The therapeutic effect of MDP on AA rats is related to the inhibition of macrophage pyroptosis by regulating the TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qian-Qian Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin-Ru Ge
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dan Mei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fa-Qin Liang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin-Ling Shu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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6
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Tang X, Liu Z, Yang Z, Xu S, Wang M, Chen X, Wen Z, Huang R. The Effect of Chinese Medicine Compound in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis on the Level of Rheumatoid Factor and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:686360. [PMID: 34276376 PMCID: PMC8278104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.686360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the current evidence whether Chinese medicine compound (CMC) can reduce the serum levels of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP). Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), and Wanfang data. We then performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the CMC therapy methods. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020216284. Results: In total, 65 studies were eligible for inclusion, including 6099 patients. The result of the meta-analysis showed that compared with common Western medicine therapy, CMC monotherapy or combined with Western medicine was able to reduce serum RF (SMD= -0.85, 95%CI -1.04 to -0.67) and anti-CCP (SMD= -0.56, 95%CI -0.79 to -0.32) levels to some extent. In the efficacy meta-analysis, a greater number of CMC-treated patients achieved the efficacy criteria after a period of treatment, where the relative risk (RR) was 1.20 [1.08, 1.33] for achieving ACR20, 1.57 [1.38, 1.78] for ACR50, and 2.21 [1.72, 2.84] for ACR70. At the same time, there was a statistically significant difference in the effective rate of the patient's TCM symptoms (RR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.19-1.26). Conclusions: Through this meta-analysis and systematic review, we found that CMC for the treatment of RA is effective in reducing RF and anti-CCP levels and might have better clinical efficacy than Western medicine monotherapy. Some active components are responsible for this efficacy and worth further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengmei Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Maojie Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehuai Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyue Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Huang D, Li Z, Chen Y, Fan Y, Yu T. Paeoniflorin reduces the inflammatory response of THP-1 cells by up-regulating microRNA-124 : Paeoniflorin reduces the inflammatory response of THP-1 cells through microRNA-124. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:623-631. [PMID: 33779948 PMCID: PMC8131308 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of macrophages and the release of inflammatory cytokines are the main reasons for the progress of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MicroRNA (miRNA)-124 is involved in the regulation of macrophages and is a key regulator of inflammation and immunity. OBJECTIVE To explore whether paeoniflorin (PF) regulates the biological functions of macrophages depends on miR-124. METHODS RT-PCR, WB, ELISA, CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to evaluate that PF regulated the biological functions of THP-1 cells through miR-124. RESULTS PF significantly inhibited the proliferation while promotes the apoptosis of THP-1 cells, and inhibited the release of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1βin THP-1 cells. RT-PCR results shown that PF up-regulated the expression of miR-124 in THP-1 cells. Functional recovery experiments showed that compared with the LPS + mimic-NC group, LPS + miR-124 mimic significantly inhibited the proliferation and the release of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, but promoted the apoptosis of THP-1 cells. In addition, compared with the LPS + PF + inhibitor-NC group, LPS + PF + miR-124 inhibitor significantly promoted the proliferation and the release of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, but inhibited the apoptosis of THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS By down-regulating miR-124, PF inhibits the proliferation and inflammation of THP-1 cells, and promotes the apoptosis of THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyun Huang
- Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huangyan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huangyan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Dermatology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dingqiao Campus, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Wang F, Luo Y, Zhang L, Younis M, Yuan L. Down-regulation of LncRNA 2900052N01Rik inhibits LPS-induced B cell function in vitro. Cell Immunol 2021; 363:104321. [PMID: 33773377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
B cells play a crucial role in immune responses. The main functions include B cell protective antibody production, inflammation reduction, activation and proliferation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to act as important regulators of many pathological processes. However, few lncRNAs have been reported to affect B cell function. In this study, we explored the expression and role of lncRNA 2900052N01Rik (lnc-290) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cells purified from mouse spleens in vitro. Here, we confirmed that lnc-290 was highly expressed in B cells stimulated by LPS. Knockdown of lnc-290 inhibited the expression of CD69/CD86 and the growth of B cells. Moreover, down-regulated lnc-290 reduced B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production in vitro. In addition, we found that lnc-290 regulated LPS-induced B cell activation via the NF-κB/ERK pathways. Interestingly, abnormal lnc-290 expression did not alter the B cell activation or proliferation induced by IL-4 or CD40/CD40L. Accordingly, these results indicated, for the first time, that lnc-290 down-regulation inhibits LPS-induced B cell proliferation, activation and differentiation by blocking the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway. Together, the in vitro data demonstrate that lnc-290 participated in the inflammation and tissue damage mediated by LPS-activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Muhammad Younis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Liudi Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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9
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Zhou YX, Gong XH, Zhang H, Peng C. A review on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110505. [PMID: 32682112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing pharmacological evidence supports that paeoniflorin, a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside isolated from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Shaoyao in Chinese), has a wide range of medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, anticonvulsive, analgesic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidepressant-like, antitumoral, and immune-regulatory activities; as well as enhancing cognition and attenuating learning impairment. In addition to pharmacodynamic studies, information on pharmacokinetics is also significant for the further development and utilization of paeoniflorin. The present review focuses on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of paeoniflorin, especially main pharmacological activities of paeoniflorin on inflammation and immune function. According to the findings obtained both in vitro and in vivo, a broad application prospect has been opened for paeoniflorin. However, further studies are needed to clarity the direct molecular mechanisms and key targets underlying the beneficial effects of paeoniflorin on inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 207:107452. [PMID: 31836457 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas has been used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for more than 1000 years in China. Total glycoside of paeony (TGP) is extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the major active component of TGP. Our research group has done a lot of work in the pharmacological mechanisms of Pae and found that Pae possessed extensive anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. Pae could inhibit inflammation in the animal models of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental arthritis, psoriatic mice and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and so on. Pae modulates the functions and activation of immune cells, decreases inflammatory medium production, and restores abnormal signal pathway. Pae could balance the subsets of immune cells through inhibiting abnormal activated cell subsets and restoring regulatory cell subsets. Pae could regulate signaling pathways (GPCR pathway, MAPKs /NF-κB patway, PI3K /Akt /mTOR pathway, JAK2 /STAT3 pathway, TGFβ /Smads, and etc.). TGP is composed of Pae, hydroxyl-paeoniflorin, paeonin, albiflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin etc. Pae accounts for more than 40% of TGP. Like Pae, TGP has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. TGP has been widely used to treat autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and etc. in China. Furthermore, TGP has some superior features with immune regulation, gentle effect, many indications and few adverse drug reactions. These findings suggest that TGP may be a promising anti-inflammatory and immune drug with soft regulation and has more superiority in the treatment of AIDs. Currently, TGP is used for the treatment of RA, SLE and other AIDs in more than 1000 hospitals in China, which obtained great social and economic benefits.
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Xin Q, Yuan R, Shi W, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Cong W. A review for the anti-inflammatory effects of paeoniflorin in inflammatory disorders. Life Sci 2019; 237:116925. [PMID: 31610201 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders result from abnormal immune response and their incidence has increased recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover new treatments for inflammatory disorders. In recent years, the natural products contained in Chinese herbs have attracted much attention worldwide owing to their anti-inflammatory effects. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a bioactive compound purified from the Chinese herb Paeonia lactiflora and reports have recently emerged suggesting the great potential of P. lactiflora as an agent to counter inflammatory disorders. The anti-inflammatory effects of PF have been revealed by in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments of different inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and asthma. This review systematically describes the recent progress of studies on the mechanism of PF and its therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Weili Shi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengchuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China; Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
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Paeoniflorin inhibits Th1 and Th17 cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues to produce anti-arthritis activities. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1193-1203. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chen J, Zhang M, Zhu M, Gu J, Song J, Cui L, Liu D, Ning Q, Jia X, Feng L. Paeoniflorin prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the IRE1α/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:2386-2397. [PMID: 29594285 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated inflammation is a critical molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Hence, strategies for alleviating ER stress-induced inflammation may be essential for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Paeoniflorin (PF), a bioactive compound from Paeonia lactiflora Pallas is known for its functional properties against vascular inflammation. However, to date, PF-mediated protection against ER stress-dependent inflammation has not been identified. Herein, we investigate the protective effect of PF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury and explore its underlying mechanism. The result of the cell viability assay indicates that PF promotes the cell survival rate in LPS-stimulated HUVECs. In addition, the LPS-induced over-production of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)) and ER stress markers (78 kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)) are significantly decreased by PF and the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutric acid (4-PBA). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay implies that the ultrastructural abnormalities in ER are reversed by PF treatment, which is similar to the protective effect of 4-PBA. Impressively, we find that the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is significantly activated and contributes to the progress of LPS-induced HUVEC injury by promoting inflammatory cytokine production. IRE1α siRNA, AEBSF (ATF6 inhibitor), GSK2656157 (PERK inhibitor), PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) and thapsigargin (TG, IRE1 activator) are used to confirm the role of the IRE1α/NF-κB pathway in PF-mediated protection against LPS-induced HUVEC injury. Our findings indicate that PF has an inhibitory effect on endothelial injury. To summarize, PF might be a potential therapeutic agent to inhibit ER stress-associated vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
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Wang Z, Yu G, Liu Z, Zhu J, Chen C, Liu RE, Xu R. Paeoniflorin inhibits glioblastoma growth in vivo and in vitro: a role for the Triad3A-dependent ubiquitin proteasome pathway in TLR4 degradation. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:887-897. [PMID: 29740218 PMCID: PMC5931203 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s160292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paeoniflorin, a polyphenolic compound derived from Radix Paeoniae Alba (Paeonia lactiflora), has exhibited anticancer activity in various human cancers, including glioblastoma. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of this compound have not been fully elucidated. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and progression, and high TLR4 expression in glioblastoma specimens is associated with a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate whether paeoniflorin suppresses glioblastoma via inhibition of TLR4 expression. Methods CCK-8 experiments and clone formation assay were performed to detect the cell proliferation. Western blotting was used to analyze protein expression levels. Detection of Triad3A binding with TLR4 was assessed by the immunoprecipitation. Orthotopic xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of paeoniflorin in vivo. MST was used to analyze the interaction between paeoniflorin and TLR4 protein. Results In our study, we found that paeoniflorin effectively inhibited glioblastoma growth and suppressed TLR4 protein levels, as well its downstream effectors both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, when overexpressed TLR4 in glioblastoma abolished the effects of paeoniflorin on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, we found that paeoniflorin decreased TLR4 protein through ubiquitination proteasome pathway (UPP)-mediated degradation in glioblastoma cells. Mechanistically, paeoniflorin promoted Triad3A to conjugate with TLR4, resulting in degradation. In addition, Triad3A-shRNA abolished paeoniflorin-enhanced UPP-mediated TLR4 degradation. Finally, we found that paeoniflorin could directly bind with TLR4 protein as assessed by MST assay. Conclusion Our study is the first to identify a novel mechanism for the antitumor activity of paeoniflorin, specifically: it decreases tumor growth by directly targeting TLR4 and modulating the TLR4/Triad3A-dependent axis, leading to TLR4 protein degradation and inhibition of glioblastoma cell progression in vitro and in vivo. Our current findings indicate that paeoniflorin is a potential glioblastoma therapeutic agent due to its Triad3A-dependent ubiquitin degradation of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-En Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xu H, Cai L, Zhang L, Wang G, Xie R, Jiang Y, Yuan Y, Nie H. Paeoniflorin ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis via suppressing nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway in osteoclast differentiation. Immunology 2018; 154:593-603. [PMID: 29453823 PMCID: PMC6050213 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in several autoimmune diseases. Osteoclast, the only somatic cell with bone resorbing capacity, was the direct cause of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its mouse model, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of PF on CIA mice, and explore the mechanism of PF in bone destruction. We demonstrated that PF treatment significantly ameliorated CIA through inflammatory response inhibition and bone destruction suppression. Furthermore, PF treatment markedly decreased osteoclast number through the altered RANKL/RANK/OPG ratio and inflammatory cytokines profile. Consistently, we found that osteoclast differentiation was significantly inhibited by PF through down-regulation of nuclear factor-κB activation in vitro. Moreover, we found that PF suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation by decreasing its translocation to the nucleus in osteoclast precursor cells. Taken together, our new findings provide insights into a novel function of PF in osteoclastogenesis and demonstrate that PF would be a new therapeutic modality as a natural agent for RA treatment and other autoimmune conditions with bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyShanghai Children's Medical CentreShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guojue Wang
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rongli Xie
- Department of General SurgeryRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanyang Yuan
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Nie
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Huangqin-Tang and Ingredients in Modulating the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7016468. [PMID: 28690663 PMCID: PMC5485339 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7016468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. Current therapies in UC cause limitations, and herb medicine provides an important choice for UC treatment. Huangqin-Tang (HQT) is a well-known classical traditional Chinese herbal formula and has been used in China for thousands of years. A large number of pharmacological studies demonstrated HQT and its ingredients to be effective in treating UC. Though the therapeutic effect has been evaluated, comprehensive up-to-date reviews in this field are not yet available. Here we aim to review our current understanding of HQT and its ingredients in treating UC and how the agents modulate the main pathogenesis of the disease, including the intestinal environment, immune imbalance, inflammatory pathways, and oxidative stress. The summary on this issue may provide better understanding of HQT and its ingredients in treating UC and possibly help in promoting its clinical application.
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Shao YX, Xu XX, Li YY, Qi XM, Wang K, Wu YG, Meng XM. Paeoniflorin inhibits high glucose-induced macrophage activation through TLR2-dependent signal pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:377-386. [PMID: 27566204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniflorin(PF), extracted from the root peeled of Paeonia lactiflora Pall(Family: Ranunculaceae), has therapeutic potential in many animal models of inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Although the anti-inflammatory efficacy of PF has been well illustrated in several animal models, whether it could attenuate diabetic nephropathy and detailed mechanisms are still obscure. Till now, accumulating evidence has proposed the pivotal role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in renal inflammation in diabetic patients. In this setting, the current study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of PF on high glucose-induced activation of toll like-receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling in macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were isolated from male Tlr2tm1kir (TLR2-/-) mice and wild-type littermates (C57BL/6JWT). The level of TLR2 and activation of downstream signaling were evaluated in response to 30mmol/L high glucose (HG)-containing medium. Macrophages behaviors, which include cell viability, migration and inflammatory cytokines production, were also determined. RESULTS PF suppressed HG-induced production of TLR2, activation of downstream signaling and synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). PF could further inhibit MyD88-dependent pathway in HG-induced models in which TLR2 was knocked out. Moreover, deletion of TLR2 inhibited the HG-induced activation of MyD88-dependent pathway, but not TIR domain containing adapter inducing interferon-β (Trif) signal pathway in BMDMs. As HG stimulation polarizes macrophages into M1 phenotype, treatment of PF or knockout of TLR2 significantly reduces M1 markers on the membrane of macrophages. Additionally, levels of inflammatory cytokines and iNOS were remarkably reduced in response to PF or TLR2 deficiency. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data demonstrated that HG activated macrophages primarily through TLR2-dependent mechanisms which aggravated the severity of renal inflammation and eventually contributed to DN. Additionally, PF might be applied as a potential therapeutic agent in the battle against progressive DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Shao
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xin-Xing Xu
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Qi
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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The effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin on intestinal absorption of paeoniflorin using the everted rat gut sac model. J Nat Med 2016; 71:198-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhai T, Sun Y, Li H, Zhang J, Huo R, Li H, Shen B, Li N. Unique immunomodulatory effect of paeoniflorin on type I and II macrophages activities. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 130:143-50. [PMID: 26852260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that macrophages are divided into M1 "pro-inflammatory" macrophages and M2 "anti-inflammatory" macrophages and an uncontrolled macrophage polarization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of different diseases. As the main substance of total glucosides of peony, paeoniflorin (PF), has been widely used to treat autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases for years. Mechanistically, PF has been found to alter activities of many immune cells, which could further reduce inflammation and tissue damage. However, whether and how PF affects macrophages activities in vitro remains unknown. In current study, using M1 and M2 cells generated from mouse bone marrow precursors, we explored the role of PF in regulating M1/M2 cells activity in vitro. The results showed that PF inhibited LPS-induced M1 activity by reducing iNOS expression and NO production via decreasing LPS/NF-κB signaling pathway; whereas, PF enhanced IL-4-provoked M2 function by up-regulating Arg-1 production and activity via increasing IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway. Our new finding indicates that PF can suppress M1 cells activity and enhance M2 cells function simultaneously, which could help to ameliorate autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Zhai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Rheumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Huidan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfen Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haichuan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Changning, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihua Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningli Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Systems pharmacology-based dissection of mechanisms of Chinese medicinal formula Bufei Yishen as an effective treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15290. [PMID: 26469778 PMCID: PMC4606809 DOI: 10.1038/srep15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work adopted a systems pharmacology-based approach to provide new insights into the active compounds and therapeutic targets of Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, we established a rat model of cigarette smoke- and bacterial infection-induced COPD to validate the mechanisms of BYF action that were predicted in systems pharmacology study. The systems pharmacology model derived 216 active compounds from BYF and 195 potential targets related to various diseases. The compound-target network showed that each herbal drug in the BYF formula acted on similar targets, suggesting potential synergistic effects among these herbal drugs. The ClueGo assay, a Cytoscape plugin, revealed that most targets were related to activation of MAP kinase and matrix metalloproteinases. By using target-diseases network analysis, we found that BYF had great potential to treatment of multiple diseases, such as respiratory tract diseases, immune system, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we found that BYF had the ability to prevent COPD and its comorbidities, such as ventricular hypertrophy, in vivo. Moreover, BYF inhibited the inflammatory cytokine, and hypertrophic factors expression, protease-antiprotease imbalance and the collagen deposition, which may be the underlying mechanisms of action of BYF.
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