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Siggins C, Pan JA, Löffler AI, Yang Y, Shaw PW, Balfour PC, Epstein FH, Gan LM, Kramer CM, Keeley EC, Salerno M. Cardiometabolic biomarker patterns associated with cardiac MRI defined fibrosis and microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1334226. [PMID: 38500750 PMCID: PMC10945015 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1334226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex disease process influenced by metabolic disorders, systemic inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and microvascular dysfunction. The goal of our study is to identify potential relationships between plasma biomarkers and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging markers in patients with HFpEF. Methods Nineteen subjects with HFpEF and 15 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled and underwent multiparametric CMR and plasma biomarker analysis using the Olink® Cardiometabolic Panel (Olink Proteomics, Uppsala, Sweden). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to characterize CMR and biomarker variables that differentiate the subject groups into two principal components. Orthogonal projection to latent structures by partial least squares (OPLS) analysis was used to identify biomarker patterns that correlate with myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) and extracellular volume (ECV) mapping. Results A PLS-DA could differentiate between HFpEF and normal controls with two significant components explaining 79% (Q2 = 0.47) of the differences. For OPLS, there were 7 biomarkers that significantly correlated with ECV (R2 = 0.85, Q = 0.53) and 6 biomarkers that significantly correlated with MPR (R2 = 0.92, Q2 = 0.32). Only 1 biomarker significantly correlated with both ECV and MPR. Discussion Patients with HFpEF have unique imaging and biomarker patterns that suggest mechanisms associated with metabolic disease, inflammation, fibrosis and microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Siggins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Pan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Adrián I. Löffler
- UCHealth Heart and Vascular Clinic, Greeley Medical Center, Greeley, CO, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter W. Shaw
- New England Heart and Vascular Institute, Catholic Medical Center, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - Pelbreton C. Balfour
- Baptist Heart & Vascular Institute, Baptist Health Care, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher M. Kramer
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ellen C. Keeley
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael Salerno
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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2
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Ohm B, Moneke I, Jungraithmayr W. Targeting cluster of differentiation 26 / dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26/DPP4) in organ fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2846-2861. [PMID: 36196001 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26)/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an exopeptidase that is expressed as a transmembrane protein in many organs but also present in a circulating soluble form. Beyond its enzymatic and costimulatory activity, CD26/DPP4 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic fibrotic diseases across many organ types, such as liver cirrhosis, kidney fibrosis and lung fibrosis. Organ fibrosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and there are no causative therapies that can effectively attenuate the progress of the disease. Growing evidence suggests that inhibiting CD26/DPP4 can modulate the profibrotic tissue microenvironment and thus reduce fibrotic changes within affected organs. This review summarizes the role of CD26/DPP4 in fibroproliferative disorders and highlights new opportunities for an antifibrotic treatment by CD26/DPP4 inhibition. As a major advantage, CD26/DPP4 inhibitors have been in safe and routine clinical use in type 2 diabetes for many years and thus qualify for repurposing to repurpose as a promising therapeutic against fibrosis. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Ohm
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Moneke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Chen SY, Kong XQ, Zhang KF, Luo S, Wang F, Zhang JJ. DPP4 as a Potential Candidate in Cardiovascular Disease. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5457-5469. [PMID: 36147690 PMCID: PMC9488155 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s380285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease has become a global health concern. The occurrence of cardiovascular disease is the result of long-term interaction of many risk factors, one of which is diabetes. As a novel anti-diabetic drug, DPP4 inhibitor has been proven to be cardiovascular safe in five recently completed cardiovascular outcome trials. Accumulating studies suggest that DPP4 inhibitor has potential benefits in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, calcified aortic valve disease, coronary atherosclerosis, and heart failure. On the one hand, in addition to improving blood glucose control, DPP4 inhibitor is involved in controlling cardiovascular risk factors. On the other hand, DPP4 inhibitor directly regulates the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases through a variety of mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of DPP4 in cardiovascular disease, aiming to discuss DPP4 inhibitor as a potential option for cardiovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Quan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Heart Centre, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Fan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Heart Centre, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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4
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Torrecillas-Baena B, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Quesada-Gómez JM, Dorado G, Casado-Díaz A. Influence of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) on Mesenchymal Stem-Cell (MSC) Biology: Implications for Regenerative Medicine - Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:56-76. [PMID: 34677817 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a ubiquitous protease that can be found in membrane-anchored or soluble form. Incretins are one of the main DPP4 substrates. These hormones regulate glucose levels, by stimulating insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon production. Because DPP4 levels are high in diabetes, DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) drugs derived from gliptin are widespread used as hypoglycemic agents for its treatment. However, as DPP4 recognizes other substrates such as chemokines, growth factors and neuropeptides, pleiotropic effects have been observed in patients treated with DPP4i. Several of these substrates are part of the stem-cell niche. Thus, they may affect different physiological aspects of mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC). They include viability, differentiation, mobilization and immune response. MSC are involved in tissue homeostasis and regeneration under both physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, such cells and their secretomes have a high clinical potential in regenerative medicine. In this context, DPP4 activity may modulate different aspects of MSC regenerative capacity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the effect of different DPP4 substrates on MSC. Likewise, how the regulation of DPP4 activity by DPP4i can be applied in regenerative medicine. That includes treatment of cardiovascular and bone pathologies, cutaneous ulcers, organ transplantation and pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, among others. Thus, DPP4i has an important clinical potential as a complement to therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. They involve enhancing the differentiation, immunomodulation and mobilization capacity of MSC for regenerative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERFES, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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5
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Montoro-Molina S, Quesada A, O'Valle F, Morales NM, de Gracia MDC, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Osuna A, Wangensteen R, Vargas F. The Long-Term Study of Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:502-513. [PMID: 34237745 DOI: 10.1159/000516843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The age-related increase in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) is associated to cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and renal injury. Here, we investigated for the first time the urinary enzymatic activities of glutamil aminopeptidase (GluAp), alanyl aminopeptidase (AlaAp), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), and Klotho urinary levels, proteins that are strongly expressed in the kidney, as early biomarkers of renal injury in SHRs. METHODS Male SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied from 2 to 8 months old. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), the heart rate (HR), metabolic variables, and urinary markers were measured monthly. At the end of the study, a histopathological evaluation of the kidney was performed. RESULTS Kidneys of SHR did not develop signs of relevant histopathological changes, but showed increased glomerular area and cellularity. Plasma creatinine was decreased, and creatinine clearance was augmented in SHR at the end of the study. Urinary excretion of Klotho was higher in SHR at 5 and 8 months old, whereas plasma Klotho levels were similar to WKY. GluAp, AlaAp, and DPP4 urinary activities were increased in SHR throughout the time-course study. A positive correlation between glomerular area and cellularity with creatinine clearance was observed. Urinary GluAp, AlaAp, DPP4, and Klotho showed positive correlations with SBP. CONCLUSIONS GluAp, AlaAp, DPP4, and Klotho in the urine are useful tools for the evaluation of renal damage at early stages, before the whole histopathological and biochemical manifestations of renal disease are established. Moreover, these observations may represent a novel and noninvasive diagnostic approach to assess the evolution of kidney function in hypertension and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Quesada
- Servicio de Nefrología, Unidad Experimental, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica e Instituto de Biomedicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Martín Morales
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica e Instituto de Biomedicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Osuna
- Servicio de Nefrología, Unidad Experimental, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Félix Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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6
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Jungraithmayr W, Yamada Y, Haberecker M, Breuer E, Schuurmans M, Dubs L, Itani S, Janker F, Weder W, Schmitt-Opitz I, Jang JH. CD26 as a target against fibrous formation in chronic airway rejection lesions. Life Sci 2021; 278:119496. [PMID: 33894269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation (Tx) is the clinical result of chronic airway rejection lesions (CARL), histomorphologically described as either obliterative remodeling of small airways or alveolar fibroelastosis, or as a combination of both. We here investigated the CD26-inhibitory effect on CD26-expressing CARL. MAIN METHODS CARL were induced by BALB/c → C57BL/6 mouse Tx under mild immunosuppression. CARL-related pro-fibrotic mediators were determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting (WB), EMT and ERK markers by WB. CD26 co-expression by immunofluorescence. CD26 was inhibited by Vildagliptin, gene depleted by CD26-/- mice. Primary lung fibroblasts were employed for ex vivo analyses. Samples from lung transplant patients with CLAD were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS CARL revealed a significantly higher expression of profibrotic proteins vs. normal lungs (p < 0.05). CD26 and EMT co-expressed in CARL with significantly higher Vimentin, Slug, Hif-1α, α-SMA expression vs. normal lungs (p < 0.05). Vildagliptin decreased the expression of α-SMA and N-cadherin in wild type (WT) lung fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Primary lung fibroblasts from WT and CD26-/- mice treated with TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and FGF showed a reduction of EMT protein expression, proliferation, and reduced activation of ERK in CD26-/- mice vs. WT mice. CD26-positive cells were found in patient samples with CLAD in areas of loose fibrosis, but not in areas of dense fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE CD26 is expressed in CARL-developing lung transplants and CD26-inhibition downregulates fibrosis-forming mediators and fibroblast proliferation. CD26 thus qualifies as a target to attenuate the development of CARL mainly via modulation of ERK and the EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Martina Haberecker
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Breuer
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Macé Schuurmans
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linus Dubs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saria Itani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Janker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jae-Hwi Jang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Tadic M, Sala C, Saeed S, Grassi G, Mancia G, Rottbauer W, Cuspidi C. New antidiabetic therapy and HFpEF: light at the end of tunnel? Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1137-1146. [PMID: 33843015 PMCID: PMC9197886 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New antidiabetic therapy that includes sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showed significant benefit on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus, and this was particularly confirmed for SGLT2 inhibitors in subjects with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Their role on patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is still not elucidated, but encouraging results coming from the clinical studies indicate their beneficial role. The role of GLP-1R agonists and particularly DPP-4 inhibitors is less clear and debatable. Findings from the meta-analyses are sending positive message about the use of GLP-1R agonists in HFrEF therapy and revealed the improvement of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in HFpEF. Nevertheless, the relevant medical societies still consider their effect as neutral or insufficiently investigated in HF patients. The impact of DPP-4 inhibitors in HF is the most controversial due to conflicting data that range from negative impact and increased risk of hospitalization due to HF, throughout neutral effect, to beneficial influence on LV diastolic dysfunction. However, this is a very heterogeneous group of medications and some professional societies made clear discrepancy between saxagliptin that might increase risk of HF hospitalization and those DPP-4 inhibitors that have no effect on hospitalization. The aim of this review is to summarize current clinical evidence about the effect of new antidiabetic medications on LV diastolic function and their potential benefits in HFpEF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Tadic
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Carla Sala
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano and Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS Policlinico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sahrai Saeed
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Milano and Policlinico Di Monza, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Wolfang Rottbauer
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cesare Cuspidi
- Clinica Medica, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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8
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Kawanami D, Takashi Y, Takahashi H, Motonaga R, Tanabe M. Renoprotective Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020246. [PMID: 33562528 PMCID: PMC7915260 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4 inhibitors reduce glucose levels by inhibiting degradation of incretins. DPP-4 is a ubiquitous protein with exopeptidase activity that exists in cell membrane-bound and soluble forms. It has been shown that an increased renal DPP-4 activity is associated with the development of DKD. A series of clinical and experimental studies showed that DPP-4 inhibitors have beneficial effects on DKD, independent of their glucose-lowering abilities, which are mediated by anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress properties. In this review article, we highlight the current understanding of the clinical efficacy and the mechanisms underlying renoprotection by DPP-4 inhibitors under diabetic conditions.
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9
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Cuijpers I, Papageorgiou A, Carai P, Herwig M, Mügge A, Klein T, Hamdani N, Jones EAV, Heymans S. Linagliptin prevents left ventricular stiffening by reducing titin cleavage and hypophosphorylation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:729-741. [PMID: 33295687 PMCID: PMC7812306 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an escalating problem worldwide, causing left ventricular stiffening, an early characteristic of diastolic dysfunction for which no treatment exists. As diastolic dysfunction and stiffening in MetS patients are associated with increased circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) levels, we investigated whether the clinically approved DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin reduces left ventricular stiffness in MetS-induced cardiac disease. Sixteen-week-old obese ZSF1 rats, displaying the MetS and left ventricular stiffness, received linagliptin-supplemented or placebo diet for four weeks. Linagliptin significantly reduced obesity, hyperlipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia and improved left ventricular relaxation. This improved relaxation was related to decreased cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte passive stiffness (Fpassive ). The reduced Fpassive was the result of titin isoform switching from the stiff N2B to the more flexible N2BA and increased phosphorylation of total titin and specifically its N2Bus region (S4080 and S3391). Importantly, DPP-4 directly cleaved titin in vitro, resulting in an increased Fpassive , which was prevented by simultaneous administration of linagliptin. In conclusion, linagliptin improves left ventricular stiffness in obese ZSF1 rats by preventing direct DPP4-mediated titin cleavage, as well as by modulating both titin isoform levels and phosphorylation. Reducing left ventricular stiffness by administering linagliptin might prevent MetS-induced early diastolic dysfunction in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Cuijpers
- Center for Molecular and Vascular BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of CardiologyCARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Anna‐Pia Papageorgiou
- Center for Molecular and Vascular BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of CardiologyCARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Paolo Carai
- Center for Molecular and Vascular BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Melissa Herwig
- Molecular Cardiology and Experimental CardiologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Department of CardiologySt. Josef‐HospitalRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Institute of PhysiologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Molecular Cardiology and Experimental CardiologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Department of CardiologySt. Josef‐HospitalRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberachGermany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Molecular Cardiology and Experimental CardiologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Department of CardiologySt. Josef‐HospitalRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Institute of PhysiologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- Center for Molecular and Vascular BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of CardiologyCARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Center for Molecular and Vascular BiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of CardiologyCARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Holland Heart HouseICIN‐Netherlands Heart InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
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10
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Gopal K, Chahade JJ, Kim R, Ussher JR. The Impact of Antidiabetic Therapies on Diastolic Dysfunction and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:603247. [PMID: 33364978 PMCID: PMC7750477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.603247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than previously recognized, while often being characterized by diastolic dysfunction in the absence of systolic dysfunction. This likely contributes to why heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is enriched in people with T2DM vs. heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Due to revised mandates from major health regulatory agencies, all therapies being developed for the treatment of T2DM must now undergo rigorous assessment of their cardiovascular risk profiles prior to approval. As such, we now have data from tens of thousands of subjects with T2DM demonstrating the impact of major therapies including the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes. Evidence to date suggests that both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists improve cardiovascular outcomes, whereas DPP-4 inhibitors appear to be cardiovascular neutral, though evidence is lacking to determine the overall utility of these therapies on diastolic dysfunction or diabetic cardiomyopathy in subjects with T2DM. We herein will review the overall impact SLGT2 inhibitors, GLP-1R agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors have on major parameters of diastolic function, while also highlighting the potential mechanisms of action responsible. A more complete understanding of how these therapies influence diastolic dysfunction will undoubtedly play a major role in how we manage cardiovascular disease in subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jadin J Chahade
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ryekjang Kim
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Chen C, Huang Y, Zeng Y, Lu X, Dong G. Targeting the DPP-4-GLP-1 pathway improves exercise tolerance in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:311. [PMID: 31870322 PMCID: PMC6927173 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-01275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most significant manifestation of heart failure is exercise intolerance. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), widely used anti-diabetic drugs, could improve exercise tolerance in heart failure patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS An electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was carried out through March 8th, 2019, for eligible trials. Only randomized controlled studies were included. The primary outcome was exercise tolerance [6-min walk test (6MWT) and peak O2 consumption], and the secondary outcomes included quality of life (QoL), adverse events (AEs) and all-cause death. RESULT After the literature was screened by two reviewers independently, four trials (659 patients) conducted with heart failure patients with or without type 2 diabetes met the eligibility criteria. The results suggested that targeting the DPP-4-GLP-1 pathway can improve exercise tolerance in heart failure patients [MD 24.88 (95% CI 5.45, 44.31), P = 0.01] without decreasing QoL [SMD -0.51 (95% CI -1.13, 0.10), P = 0.10]; additionally, targeting the DPP-4-GLP-1 pathway did not show signs of increasing the incidence of serious AEs or mortality. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 RAs improve exercise tolerance in heart failure patients. Although the use of these drugs for heart failure has not been approved by any organization, they may be a better choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with heart failure. Furthermore, as this pathway contributes to the improvement of exercise tolerance, it may be worth further investigation in exercise-intolerant patients with other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcong Chen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Public Health, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongmei Zeng
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity&Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiyan Lu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqing Dong
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Harper SC, Johnson J, Borghetti G, Zhao H, Wang T, Wallner M, Kubo H, Feldsott EA, Yang Y, Joo Y, Gou X, Sabri AK, Gupta P, Myzithras M, Khalil A, Franti M, Houser SR. GDF11 Decreases Pressure Overload-Induced Hypertrophy, but Can Cause Severe Cachexia and Premature Death. Circ Res 2019; 123:1220-1231. [PMID: 30571461 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Possible beneficial effects of GDF11 (growth differentiation factor 11) on the normal, diseased, and aging heart have been reported, including reversing aging-induced hypertrophy. These effects have not been well validated. High levels of GDF11 have also been shown to cause cardiac and skeletal muscle wasting. These controversies could be resolved if dose-dependent effects of GDF11 were defined in normal and aged animals as well as in pressure overload-induced pathological hypertrophy. OBJECTIVE To determine dose-dependent effects of GDF11 on normal hearts and those with pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve- to 13-week-old C57BL/6 mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. One-week post-TAC, these mice received rGDF11 (recombinant GDF11) at 1 of 3 doses: 0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg for up to 14 days. Treatment with GDF11 increased plasma concentrations of GDF11 and p-SMAD2 in the heart. There were no significant differences in the peak pressure gradients across the aortic constriction between treatment groups at 1 week post-TAC. Two weeks of GDF11 treatment caused dose-dependent decreases in cardiac hypertrophy as measured by heart weight/tibia length ratio, myocyte cross-sectional area, and left ventricular mass. GDF11 improved cardiac pump function while preventing TAC-induced ventricular dilation and caused a dose-dependent decrease in interstitial fibrosis (in vivo), despite increasing markers of fibroblast activation and myofibroblast transdifferentiation (in vitro). Treatment with the highest dose (5.0 mg/kg) of GDF11 caused severe body weight loss, with significant decreases in both muscle and organ weights and death in both sham and TAC mice. CONCLUSIONS Although GDF11 treatment can reduce pathological cardiac hypertrophy and associated fibrosis while improving cardiac pump function in pressure overload, high doses of GDF11 cause severe cachexia and death. Use of GDF11 as a therapy could have potentially devastating actions on the heart and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavonn C Harper
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jaslyn Johnson
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Giulia Borghetti
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences (H.Z.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tao Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Markus Wallner
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (M.W.)
| | - Hajime Kubo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric A Feldsott
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yijun Yang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yunichel Joo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xinji Gou
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abdel Karim Sabri
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research (P.G., M.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT
| | - Maria Myzithras
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Research (P.G., M.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- Research Beyond Borders (A.K., M.F.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT
| | - Michael Franti
- Research Beyond Borders (A.K., M.F.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT
| | - Steven R Houser
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.J., G.B., T.W., M.W., H.K., E.A.F., Y.Y., Y.J., X.G., A.K.S., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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13
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Yamaguchi T, Watanabe A, Tanaka M, Shiota M, Osada-Oka M, Sano S, Yoshiyama M, Miura K, Kitajima S, Matsunaga S, Tomita S, Iwao H, Izumi Y. A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, linagliptin, attenuates cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction independently of DPP-4. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 139:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Kobara Y, Hasegawa H, Hirose M, Takano H, Kobayashi Y. Analysis of the Correlation between the Myocardial Expression of DPP-4 and the Clinical Parameters of Patients with Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2018; 59:1303-1311. [PMID: 30369565 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used as antidiabetic drugs. We recently reported that DPP-4 inhibition has beneficial effects on heart failure (HF) mice model. Furthermore, we confirmed that myocardial DPP-4 activity was significantly increased in HF mice compared with non-HF mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of myocardial CD26 (DPP-4) expression and its association to clinical parameters in HF patients.Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) specimens (n = 33) were obtained from HF patients who were admitted to Chiba University Hospital from June 2006 to July 2012. EMB specimens were fixed in formaldehyde and stained with Masson's trichrome staining or with anti-CD26 antibody. Patients were divided into the high CD26 density (CD26-H) or low CD26 density groups (CD26-L). DPP-4 density was compared with blood brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and echocardiographic parameters at one year after EMB. Although there were no significant differences in echocardiographic parameters between the CD26-H group and CD26-L group, blood BNP levels were higher in the CD26-H group than in the CD26-L group at one year after EMB. Multivariate regression analysis showed that CD26 density was also an independent determinant of blood BNP levels at one year after EMB.The level of myocardial CD26 expression might be a predictive marker of prognosis in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kobara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masanori Hirose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Takano
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
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