1
|
Cao QY, Li Z. Evolving of treatment options for cerebral infarction. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:6534-6537. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i32.6534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we comment on a recent article which addressed the therapeutic effect of aspirin plus edaravone in patients with cerebral infarction (CI). Herein, we outline the progress in therapy of CI. Apart from thrombolysis, aspirin is the most effective treatment for CI. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, reduces endothelial cell damage and delays neuronal cell death. Aspirin plus edaravone mitigates damage to brain tissue by different mechanisms, thereby expediting the reinstation of neurological function. However, the nephrotoxic effect of edaravone, along with gastrointestinal bleeding associated with aspirin, may restrict this combination therapy. Although clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy and mechanical thrombectomy, patients receiving these treatments experience modest efficacy and many adverse events. Moreover, interest in exploring natural medicines for CI is increasing, and they appear to have a high potential to protect against CI. The evolution of therapeutic strategies is expected to improve clinical outcomes of patients with CI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Yue Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Q, Ni P, Wang Y, Huo P, Zhang X, Wang S, Xiao F, Li Y, Feng W, Yuan J, Zhang T, Li Q, Fan B, Kan Y, Li Z, Qi Y, Xing J, Yang Z, Cheng H, Gao X, Feng X, Xue M, Liu Y, Luo Y, Lu Z, Zhao Y. DDAH1 promotes neurogenesis and neural repair in cerebral ischemia. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2097-2118. [PMID: 38799640 PMCID: PMC11119513 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons in neural stem cell (NSC) niches can evoke adult neurogenesis (AN) and restore impaired brain function after injury, such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the relevant mechanism by which ChAT+ neurons develop in NSC niches is poorly understood. Our RNA-seq analysis revealed that dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), a hydrolase for asymmetric NG,NG-dimethylarginine (ADMA), regulated genes responsible for the synthesis and transportation of acetylcholine (ACh) (Chat, Slc5a7 and Slc18a3) after stroke insult. The dual-luciferase reporter assay further suggested that DDAH1 controlled the activity of ChAT, possibly through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). KC7F2, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, abolished DDAH1-induced ChAT expression and suppressed neurogenesis. As expected, DDAH1 was clinically elevated in the blood of AIS patients and was positively correlated with AIS severity. By comparing the results among Ddah1 general knockout (KO) mice, transgenic (TG) mice and wild-type (WT) mice, we discovered that DDAH1 upregulated the proliferation and neural differentiation of NSCs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) under ischemic insult. As a result, DDAH1 may promote cognitive and motor function recovery against stroke impairment, while these neuroprotective effects are dramatically suppressed by NSC conditional knockout of Ddah1 in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Pinfei Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Peiyun Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fuyao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Feng
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juntao Yuan
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Boyu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuhao Kan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhirui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yimiao Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junfei Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenghong Yang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haixiao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinran Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cadenas-Garrido P, Schonvandt-Alarcos A, Herrera-Quintana L, Vázquez-Lorente H, Santamaría-Quiles A, Ruiz de Francisco J, Moya-Escudero M, Martín-Oliva D, Martín-Guerrero SM, Rodríguez-Santana C, Aragón-Vela J, Plaza-Diaz J. Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:127. [PMID: 38275652 PMCID: PMC10812581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant defenses in biological systems ensure redox homeostasis, regulating baseline levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Oxidative stress (OS), characterized by a lack of antioxidant defenses or an elevation in ROS and RNS, may cause a modification of biomolecules, ROS being primarily absorbed by proteins. As a result of both genome and environment interactions, proteomics provides complete information about a cell's proteome, which changes continuously. Besides measuring protein expression levels, proteomics can also be used to identify protein modifications, localizations, the effects of added agents, and the interactions between proteins. Several oxidative processes are frequently used to modify proteins post-translationally, including carbonylation, oxidation of amino acid side chains, glycation, or lipid peroxidation, which produces highly reactive alkenals. Reactive alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, are added to cysteine (Cys), lysine (Lys), or histidine (His) residues by a Michael addition, and tyrosine (Tyr) residues are nitrated and Cys residues are nitrosylated by a Michael addition. Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases as a result of oxidative damage to the brain, which may be especially vulnerable due to the large consumption of dioxygen. Therefore, the current methods applied for the detection, identification, and quantification in redox proteomics are of great interest. This review describes the main protein modifications classified as chemical reactions. Finally, we discuss the importance of redox proteomics to health and describe the analytical methods used in redox proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cadenas-Garrido
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (P.C.-G.); (A.S.-A.); (A.S.-Q.); (J.R.d.F.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Ailén Schonvandt-Alarcos
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (P.C.-G.); (A.S.-A.); (A.S.-Q.); (J.R.d.F.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Lourdes Herrera-Quintana
- Department of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.H.-Q.); (H.V.-L.); (C.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Héctor Vázquez-Lorente
- Department of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.H.-Q.); (H.V.-L.); (C.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia Santamaría-Quiles
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (P.C.-G.); (A.S.-A.); (A.S.-Q.); (J.R.d.F.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Jon Ruiz de Francisco
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (P.C.-G.); (A.S.-A.); (A.S.-Q.); (J.R.d.F.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Marina Moya-Escudero
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (P.C.-G.); (A.S.-A.); (A.S.-Q.); (J.R.d.F.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - David Martín-Oliva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Sandra M. Martín-Guerrero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - César Rodríguez-Santana
- Department of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.H.-Q.); (H.V.-L.); (C.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Health Sciences, Area of Physiology, Building B3, Campus s/n “Las Lagunillas”, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan G, Liu M, Liu J, Huang Y, Mu W. Traditional Chinese medicines treat ischemic stroke and their main bioactive constituents and mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024; 38:411-453. [PMID: 38051175 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. Unfortunately, none of the treatments effectively provide functional benefits to patients with IS, although many do so by targeting different aspects of the ischemic cascade response. The advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in preventing and treating IS are obvious in terms of early treatment and global coordination. The efficacy of TCM and its bioactive constituents has been scientifically proven over the past decades. Based on clinical trials, this article provides a review of commonly used TCM patent medicines and herbal decoctions indicated for IS. In addition, this paper also reviews the mechanisms of bioactive constituents in TCM for the treatment of IS in recent years, both domestically and internationally. A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies will hopefully provide new ideas to address the threat of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genhao Fan
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao L, Zheng L. A Review on Bioactive Anthraquinone and Derivatives as the Regulators for ROS. Molecules 2023; 28:8139. [PMID: 38138627 PMCID: PMC10745977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are bioactive natural products, which are often found in medicinal herbs. These compounds exert antioxidant-related pharmacological actions including neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammation, anticancer, hepatoprotective effects and anti-aging, etc. Considering the benefits from their pharmacological use, recently, there was an upsurge in the development and utilization of anthraquinones as reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulators. In this review, a deep discussion was carried out on their antioxidant activities and the structure-activity relationships. The antioxidant mechanisms and the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of both natural and synthesized compounds were furtherly explored and demonstrated. Due to the specific chemical activity of ROS, antioxidants are essential for human health. Therefore, the development of reagents that regulate the imbalance between ROS formation and elimination should be more extensive and rational, and the exploration of antioxidant mechanisms of anthraquinones may provide new therapeutic tools and ideas for various diseases mediated by ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin 301636, China;
| | - Lin Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu A, Li W, Cai J, Wen Z, Wang K, Chen Y, Li X, Guan D, Duan C. Screening of key functional components of Taohong Siwu Decoction on ischemic stroke treatment based on multiobjective optimization approach and experimental validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:178. [PMID: 37264383 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription in the treatment of ischemic stroke. There are thousands of chemical components in THSWD. However, the key functional components are still poorly understood. This study aimed to construct a mathematical model for screening of active ingredients in TCM prescriptions and apply it to THSWD on ischemic stroke. METHODS Botanical drugs and compounds in THSWD were acquired from multiple public TCM databases. All compounds were initially screened by ADMET properties. SEA, HitPick, and Swiss Target Prediction were used for target prediction of the filtered compounds. Ischemic stroke pathological genes were acquired from the DisGeNet database. The compound-target-pathogenic gene (C-T-P) network of THSWD was constructed and then optimized using the multiobjective optimization (MOO) algorithm. We calculated the cumulative target coverage score of each compound and screened the top compounds with 90% coverage. Finally, verification of the neuroprotective effect of these compounds was performed with the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. RESULTS The optimized C-T-P network contains 167 compounds, 1,467 predicted targets, and 1,758 stroke pathological genes. And the MOO model showed better optimization performance than the degree model, closeness model, and betweenness model. Then, we calculated the cumulative target coverage score of the above compounds, and the cumulative effect of 39 compounds on pathogenic genes reached 90% of all compounds. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that decanoic acid, butylphthalide, chrysophanol, and sinapic acid significantly increased cell viability. Finally, the docking results showed the binding modes of these four compounds and their target proteins. CONCLUSION This study provides a methodological reference for the screening of potential therapeutic compounds of TCM. In addition, decanoic acid and sinapic acid screened from THSWD were found having potential neuroprotective effects first and verified with cell experiments, however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to explore the precise mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieqi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuohua Wen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Daogang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim SK, Ban JY, Kang H, Park SI. Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Chrysophanol Isolated from Cassia tora Seed Extract on Blue-Light-Induced A2E-Loaded Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076676. [PMID: 37047648 PMCID: PMC10095300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Cassia tora (C. tora) species mainly contain anthraquinone, anthraquinone glycoside, and naphthalene derivatives. We investigated the anti-apoptotic effects of C. tora seed extract and its isolated compounds on blue-light-induced lipofuscin (A2E)-loaded human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. For analysis of the C. tora extract, high-performance liquid chromatography method was used. A2E-loaded human retinal pigment epithelial cells and blue light were used to create excessive photo-oxidation to induce cell death. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was used to measure cell cytotoxicity, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in apoptosis was examined to evaluate the mechanism of cell death. C. tora extract, n-hexane fraction, and chrysophanol were found to inhibit apoptotic cell death. Additionally, C. tora extract, n-hexane fraction, and chrysophanol reduced the mRNA expression of genes involved in the apoptosis pathway. C. tora and chrysophanol were considered to inhibit apoptosis and oxidative stress response. The major component of C. tora has a protective effect against apoptosis. The ingredients of C. tora can be used as therapeutic substances or to prevent diseases caused by the excessive oxidation of A2E substances in the retina, such as in age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Ban
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungoo Kang
- Department of Optometry, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Park
- Department of Optometry, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Estuani J, Godinho J, Borges SC, Neves CQ, Milani H, Buttow NC. Global cerebral ischemia followed by long-term reperfusion promotes neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the small intestine in Wistar rats. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102033. [PMID: 36764059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Brain ischemia and reperfusion may occur in several clinical conditions that have high rates of mortality and disability, compromising an individual's quality of life. Brain injury can affect organs beyond the brain, such as the gastrointestinal tract. The present study investigated the effects of cerebral ischemia on the ileum and jejunum during a chronic reperfusion period by examining oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters, and the myenteric plexus in Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS Ischemia was induced by the four-vessel occlusion model for 15 min with 52 days of reperfusion. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were evaluated using biochemical techniques. Gastrointestinal transit time was evaluated, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to examine morpho-quantitative aspects of myenteric neurons. KEY FINDINGS Brain ischemia and reperfusion promoted inflammation, characterized by increases in myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglycosaminidase activity, oxidative stress, and lipid hydroperoxides, decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, a decrease in levels of reduced glutathione, neurodegeneration in the gut, and slow gastrointestinal transit. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic ischemia and reperfusion promoted a slow gastrointestinal transit time, oxidative stress, and inflammation and neurodegeneration in the small intestine in rats. These findings indicate that the use of antioxidant and antiinflammatory molecules even after a long period of reperfusion may be useful to alleviate the consequences of this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Estuani
- Biosciences and Pathophysiology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Godinho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Quaglio Neves
- Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Nilza Cristina Buttow
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, block H79 room 105 A, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ko G, Kim J, Jeon YJ, Lee D, Baek HM, Chang KA. Salvia miltiorrhiza Alleviates Memory Deficit Induced by Ischemic Brain Injury in a Transient MCAO Mouse Model by Inhibiting Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040785. [PMID: 37107160 PMCID: PMC10135292 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has been used in oriental medicine for its neuroprotective effects against cardiovascular diseases and ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic mechanism underlying the effects of SM on stroke using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. Our results showed that SM administration significantly attenuated acute brain injury, including brain infarction and neurological deficits, 3 days after tMCAO. This was confirmed by our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, which revealed a reduction in brain infarction with SM administration, as well as our magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study, which demonstrated the restoration of brain metabolites, including taurine, total creatine, and glutamate. The neuroprotective effects of SM were associated with the reduction in gliosis and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), along with the upregulation of phosphorylated STAT3 in post-ischemic brains. SM also reduced the levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which are markers of lipid peroxidation, induced by oxidative stress upregulation in the penumbra of the tMCAO mouse brain. SM administration attenuated ischemic neuronal injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Additionally, post-ischemic brain synaptic loss and neuronal loss were alleviated by SM administration, as demonstrated by Western blot and Nissl staining. Moreover, daily administration of SM for 28 days after tMCAO significantly reduced neurological deficits and improved survival rates in tMCAO mice. SM administration also resulted in improvement in post-stroke cognitive impairment, as measured by the novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests in tMCAO mice. Our findings suggest that SM provides neuroprotection against ischemic stroke and has potential as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon Ko
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nitric oxide promotes cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulating hypoxia-inducible factor1-α-associated inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 795:137034. [PMID: 36584806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) was one of the key factors to sustain hypoxia-inducible factor-1- α (HIF-1α) activation during hypoxia. However, the mechanism by which NO production promotes upregulation of HIF-1α to cause cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. The present study investigated whether eliminating NO would decrease HIF-1α level, and then reduce the subsequent inflammatory actions as well as neuronal apoptotic death in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Our results revealed that HIF-1α was correlated with 3-NT, a marker for nitrosative/oxidative stress, in the brain of MCAO rats. Treatment with NOS inhibitor L-NAME suppressed HIF-1α/3-NT double-positive cells, suggesting that HIF-1α was correlated with NO overproduction during cerebral I/R. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB p65 were significantly increased and colocalized with HIF-1α in the brain of MCAO rats, all of which could be attenuated by NO inhibition, suggesting that eliminating NO reduced MCAO-induced HIF-1α upregulation, which in turn exerted anti-inflammatory actions. Accordingly, cleaved caspase-3, as well as HIF-1α and TUNEL double-positive cells in ischemic brain were also decreased by L-NAME treatment. These results suggest that NO accumulation after cerebral ischemia leads to HIF-1α upregulation, which may activate pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in neuronal apoptotic death. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of NO-induced cerebral I/R injury.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng L, Meng L, Liang H, Yang J. Sanhua decoction: Current understanding of a traditional herbal recipe for stroke. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1149833. [PMID: 37123364 PMCID: PMC10133510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1149833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both thrombolytic and endovascular therapies are optimal treatment options for patients with acute ischemic stroke, but only less than half of these patients can benefit from these treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of successfully managing ischemic stroke using both herbal and physical therapeutics. Among herbal recipes, Sanhua decoction (SHD) is one of the classical prescriptions for ischemic stroke. The present review aimed to summarize evidence from both clinical and basic research to demonstrate its efficacy in managing ischemic stroke and the potential mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects, which will provide evidence on the therapeutic effect of this herbal recipe and guide future studies on this recipe. SHD is composed of four herbs, Rheum palmatum L. [Polygonaceae], Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson [Magnoliaceae], Citrus × aurantium L. [Rutaceae], Hansenia weberbaueriana (Fedde ex H.Wolff) Pimenov & Kljuykov [Apiaceae]. We found that the majority of clinical studies on SHD are case reports and they showed positive therapeutic effect of SHD on both acute and chronic ischemic stroke. There are over 40 bioactive compounds identified in SHD, but few experimental studies have examined their individual molecular mechanisms. As an extract of SHD, it improves neurological functions through suppressing inflammation, protecting the blood brain barrier from degradation, restoring the number of neural stem cells, inhibiting apoptosis and brain edema, scavenging oxygen free radicals, and regulating the brain-gut axis. These will lay the theoretical foundation for future studies on this prescription and its clinical application. Future research may need to confirm its clinical efficacy in large-scale clinical trials and to disentangle its bioactive compounds and their potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiangong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Linglei Meng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiangong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Huazheng Liang,
| | - Jiandao Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiangong Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiandao Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li L, Wang Y, Zhao L, Ye G, Shi F, Li Y, Zou Y, Song X, Zhao X, Yin Z, Wu X, Li W, Tang H. Sanhuang xiexin decoction ameliorates secondary liver injury in DSS-induced colitis involve regulating inflammation and bile acid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115682. [PMID: 36058478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE SanHuang XieXin decoction (SXD) is a widely applicated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a significant gut-liver axis regulation effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effect and elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms of SXD on liver damage secondary to ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A model of liver damage secondary to UC was induced by drinking 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. These mice were treated with one of three doses of SXD or sulfasalazine (SASP), then liver samples were collected and tested. RESULTS The results reveal that SXD treatment reduced liver cells swelling, and inhibited the accumulation of the hepatic-pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice with colitis. In addition, SXD reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In inflammation regulating, SXD significantly down regulated the protein expression of MyD88 and p-Iκα, but upregulated Iκα. In bile acid metabolism regulating, SXD significantly down regulated the protein expression of FXR, MRP2, BESP and SHP. Therefore, SXD treatment can regulate the TLR4-NF-κB and bile acid metabolism pathways to alleviate liver inflammation and cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that SXD is a potential alternative therapeutic medicine for the treatment of liver damage secondary to colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xu Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xueyuan Wu
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wen Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xia P, Marjan M, Liu Z, Zhou W, Zhang Q, Cheng C, Zhao M, Tao Y, Wang Z, Ye Z. Chrysophanol postconditioning attenuated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced NLRP3-related pyroptosis in a TRAF6-dependent manner. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114197. [PMID: 35932799 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who suffer from post-CA (cardiac arrest) brain injury experience higher mortality and more severe functional disability. Neuroinflammation has been identified as a vital factor in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) following CA. Pyroptosis induces neuronal death by triggering an excessive inflammatory injury. Chrysophanol possesses robust anti-inflammatory features, and it is protective against CIRI. The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of Chrysophanol postconditioning on CIRI-induced pyroptotic cell death, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. CIRI was induced in rats by CA and subsequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and PC12 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to imitate CIRI in vitro. It was found that post-CA brain injury led to a notable cerebral damage revealed by histopathological changes and neurological outcomes. The existence of pyroptosis was also confirmed in in vivo and in vitro CIRI models. Moreover, we further confirmed that Chrysophanol, the main bioactive ingredient of Rhubarb, significantly suppressed expressions of pyroptosis-associated proteins, e.g., NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase-1 and N-terminal GSDMD, and inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Furthermore, NLRP3 overexpression neutralized the neuroprotection of Chrysophanol postconditioning, suggesting that pyroptosis was the major neuronal death pathway modulated by Chrysophanol postconditioning in OGD/R. Additionally, the neuroprotection of Chrysophanol postconditioning was also abolished by gain-of-function analyses of TRAF6. Finally, the results demonstrated that Chrysophanol postconditioning suppressed the interaction between TRAF6 and NLRP3. Taken together, our findings revealed that Chrysophanol postconditioning was protective against CIRI by inhibiting NLRP3-related pyroptosis in a TRAF6-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Murat Marjan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhuoyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wanqing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Minxi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharma A, Bhalla S, Mehan S. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling inhibitor chrysophanol ameliorates neurobehavioural and neurochemical defects in propionic acid-induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1909-1929. [PMID: 35687217 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social and communication deficits as well as repetitive behaviour. Several studies have found that overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways during brain development plays a significant role in autism pathogenesis. Overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway causes neurological disorders by increasing cell death, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a naturally occurring chemical obtained from the plant Rheum palmatum. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective effect of CPH on neurobehavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological alterations in ICV-PPA induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. The effects of ICV-PPA on PI3K/AKT/mTOR downregulation in the brain were studied in autism-like rats. Furthermore, we investigated how CPH affected myelin basic protein (MBP) levels in rat brain homogenate and apoptotic biomarkers such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels in rat brain homogenate and blood plasma samples. Rats were tested for behavioural abnormalities such as neuromuscular dysfunction using an actophotometer, motor coordination using a beam crossing task (BCT), depressive behaviour using a forced swim test (FST), cognitive deficiency, and memory consolidation using a Morris water maze (MWM) task. In PPA-treated rats, prolonged oral CPH administration from day 12 to day 44 of the experimental schedule reduces autistic-like symptoms. Furthermore, in rat brain homogenates, blood plasma, and CSF samples, cellular, molecular, and cell death markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitter levels, and oxidative stress indicators were investigated. The recent findings imply that CPH also restores abnormal neurochemical levels and may prevent autism-like gross pathological alterations, such as demyelination volume, in the rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao X, Qiao D, Guan D, Wang K, Cui Y. Chrysophanol Ameliorates Hemin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Regulating MicroRNA-320-5p/Wnt3a Pathway in HT22 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9399658. [PMID: 35936221 PMCID: PMC9355772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9399658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and neuronal cell apoptosis have been considered as the main pathogenesis factors of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Chrysophanol (CHR) has been proved to have neuroprotective effects, but the role and underlying mechanisms of CHR in ICH remain unclear. HT22 cells were dealt with hemin to mimic an in vitro ICH model and then subjected to treatment with or without CHR. The cell viability, apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress were evaluated by conducting the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining assays, western blot, and corresponding kit, respectively. Further, microRNA-sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, dual-luciferase reporter method, and rescue experiments were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of CHR alleviating hemin-induced ER in HT22 cell. Our data revealed that CHR increased cells viability, antiapoptosis, anti-ER stress, and antioxidative stress under conditions of hemin-induced HT22 cell injury. Mechanically, it was observed that Wnt3a was competitively sponged by miR-320-5p, and CHR activated β-catenin pathway by regulating miR-320-5p/Wnt3a molecular axis. Finally, results from the rescue experiment suggested that CHR inhibited hemin-induced cells apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress through regulating the miR-320-5p/Wnt3a axis in HT22 cells. In conclusion, CHR prevented hemin-induced apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress via inhibiting the miR-320-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in HT22 cells. Our results certified that CHR could be served as a promising treatment for brain damage following ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongge Qiao
- Nursing Department, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongsheng Guan
- Department of Encephalopathy, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinglin Cui
- Department of Encephalopathy, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qi JH, Dong FX, Wang K, Zhang SY, Liu ZM, Wang WJ, Sun FZ, Zhang HM, Wang XL. Feasibility analysis and mechanism exploration of Rhei Radix et Rhizome-Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus (RS) against COVID-19. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35584000 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. As a novel global epidemic, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 brought great suffering and disaster to mankind. Recently, although significant progress has been made in vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, there are still no drugs for treating COVID-19. It is well known that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has achieved excellent efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. As a treasure-house of natural drugs, Chinese herbs offer a promising prospect for discovering anti-COVID-19 drugs.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We proposed that Rhei Radix et Rhizome-Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus (RS) may have potential value in the treatment of COVID-19 patients by regulating immune response, protecting the cardiovascular system, inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors, and blocking virus invasion and replication processes.Aim. We aimed to explore the feasibility and molecular mechanisms of RS against COVID-19, to provide a reference for basic research and clinical applications.Methodology. Through literature mining, it is found that a Chinese herbal pair, RS, has potential anti-COVID-19 activity. In this study, we analysed the feasibility of RS against COVID-19 by high-throughput molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we predicted the molecular mechanisms of RS against COVID-19 based on network pharmacology.Results. We proved the feasibility of RS anti-COVID-19 by literature mining, virtual docking and molecular dynamics simulations, and found that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and 3C-like protease (3 CL pro) were also two critical targets for RS against COVID-19. In addition, we predicted the molecular mechanisms of RS in the treatment of COVID-19, and identified 29 main ingredients, 21 potential targets and 16 signalling pathways. Rhein, eupatin, (-)-catechin, aloe-emodin may be important active ingredients in RS. ALB, ESR1, EGFR, HMOX1, CTSL, and RHOA may be important targets against COVID-19. Platelet activation, renin secretion, ras signalling pathway, chemokine signalling pathway, and human cytomegalovirus infection may be important signalling pathways against COVID-19.Conclusion. RS plays a key role in the treatment of COVID-19, which may be closely related to immune regulation, cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammation, virus invasion and replication processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Qi
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Fang-Xu Dong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Shan-Yu Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Zi-Ming Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Feng-Zhi Sun
- The Pharmacy Department, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Neuroprotective Effect of Chrysophanol as a PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitor in an Experimental Model of Autologous Blood-induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:249-266. [PMID: 35079960 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to predominant, sporadic, and non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway regulated by enzyme-linked receptors and has many biological functions in mammals. It plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, gene expression regulation, and tissue homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain. METHODS In the present study, the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor chrysophanol (CPH) (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, orally) in the improvement of ICH-associated neurological defects in rats was investigated. Autologous blood (20 µL/5 min/unilateral/intracerebroventricular) mimics ICH-like defects involving cellular and molecular dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. The current study also included various behavioral assessments to examine cognition, memory, and motor and neuromuscular coordination. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR as well as myelin basic protein and apoptotic markers, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were examined using ELISA kits. Furthermore, the levels of various neuroinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Additionally, the neurological severity score, brain water content, gross brain pathology, and hematoma size were used to indicate neurological function and brain edema. RESULTS CPH was found to be neuroprotective by restoring neurobehavioral alterations and significantly reducing the elevated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein levels, and modulating the apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in rat brain homogenate. CPH substantially reduced the inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPH administration restored the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and various oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our results show that CPH may be a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming neuronal damage caused by the overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ICH-induced neurological dysfunctions in rats.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jadaun KS, Mehan S, Sharma A, Siddiqui EM, Kumar S, Alsuhaymi N. Neuroprotective Effect of Chrysophanol as a PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitor in an Experimental Model of Autologous Blood-induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Med Sci 2022:10.1007/s11596-022-2522-7. [PMID: 35099677 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to predominant, sporadic, and non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway regulated by enzyme-linked receptors and has many biological functions in mammals. It plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, gene expression regulation, and tissue homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain. METHODS In the present study, the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor chrysophanol (CPH) (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, orally) in the improvement of ICH-associated neurological defects in rats was investigated. Autologous blood (20 µL/5 min/unilateral/intracerebroventricular) mimics ICH-like defects involving cellular and molecular dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. The current study also included various behavioral assessments to examine cognition, memory, and motor and neuromuscular coordination. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR as well as myelin basic protein and apoptotic markers, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were examined using ELISA kits. Furthermore, the levels of various neuroinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Additionally, the neurological severity score, brain water content, gross brain pathology, and hematoma size were used to indicate neurological function and brain edema. RESULTS CPH was found to be neuroprotective by restoring neurobehavioral alterations and significantly reducing the elevated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein levels, and modulating the apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in rat brain homogenate. CPH substantially reduced the inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPH administration restored the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and various oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our results show that CPH may be a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming neuronal damage caused by the overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ICH-induced neurological dysfunctions in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh Jadaun
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Naif Alsuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences - AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin Z, Geng X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Gao X. Rhein Relieves Oxidative Stress in an Aβ 1-42 Oligomer-Burdened Neuron Model by Activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α-Regulated Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746711. [PMID: 34566664 PMCID: PMC8461019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) is an early event of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Emerging evidence has shown that antioxidant therapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of rhein against Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in primary neurons and proposed a potential antioxidant pathway involved. The results suggested that rhein significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, reversed the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential, and protected neurons from oxidative stress-associated apoptosis. Moreover, further study indicated that rhein activated mitochondrial biogenesis accompanied by increased cytochrome C oxidase (CytOx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. CytOx on the respiratory chain inhibited the production of ROS from electron leakage and SOD helped to eliminate excess ROS. Finally, western blot analysis confirmed that rhein remarkedly increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) together with its upstream deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and activated downstream transcription factor nuclear respiratory factor 1, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that rhein activates mitochondrial biogenesis regulated by the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway as an antioxidant defense system against Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced oxidative stress. These findings broaden our knowledge of improving mitochondrial biogenesis as an approach for relieving neuronal oxidative stress in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Geng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xue Z, Zhao K, Sun Z, Wu C, Yu B, Kong D, Xu B. Isorhapontigenin ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating Kinase Cε/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02143. [PMID: 34102010 PMCID: PMC8323036 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isorhapontigenin (ISO) has been shown to have antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of ISO on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (MCAO/R) model and primary cortical neurons were established an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD / R) injury model. After 24 hr of reperfusion, the neurological deficits of the rats were analyzed and HE staining was performed, and the infarct volume was calculated by TTC staining. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat brain tissue, the content of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were detected. Neuronal cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Western blot analysis was determined for protein expression. RESULTS ISO treatment significantly improved neurological scores, reduced infarct volume, necrotic neurons, ROS production, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG levels. At the same time, ISO significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. The neuroprotective effects of ISO can be eliminated by knocking down Nrf2 and HO-1. In addition, knockdown of the PKCε blocked ISO-induced nuclear Nfr2, HO-1 expression. CONCLUSION ISO protected against oxidative damage induced by brain I/R, and its neuroprotective mechanism may be related to the PKCε/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xue
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhenghui Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Bowen Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dongsheng Kong
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Bainan Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiang W, Long Z, Zeng J, Zhu X, Yuan M, Wu J, Wu Y, Liu L. Mechanism of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome Intervention in Cerebral Infarction: A Research Based on Chemoinformatics and Systematic Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6789835. [PMID: 34531920 PMCID: PMC8440083 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6789835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic targets, network modules, and coexpressed genes of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome intervention in cerebral infarction (CI), and to predict significant biological processes and pathways through network pharmacology. To explore the differential proteins of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome intervention in CI, conduct bioinformatics verification, and initially explain the possible therapeutic mechanism of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome intervention in CI through proteomics. METHODS The TCM database was used to predict the potential compounds of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome, and the PharmMapper was used to predict its potential targets. GeneCards and OMIM were used to search for CI-related genes. Cytoscape was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and to screen out core genes and detection network modules. Then, DAVID and Metascape were used for enrichment analysis. After that, in-depth analysis of the proteomics data was carried out to further explore the mechanism of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome intervention in CI. RESULTS (1) A total of 14 Radix Rhei Et Rhizome potential components and 425 potential targets were obtained. The core components include sennoside A, palmidin A, emodin, toralactone, and so on. The potential targets were combined with 297 CI genes to construct a PPI network. The targets shared by Radix Rhei Et Rhizome and CI include ALB, AKT1, MMP9, IGF1, CASP3, etc. The biological processes that Radix Rhei Et Rhizome may treat CI include platelet degranulation, cell migration, fibrinolysis, platelet activation, hypoxia, angiogenesis, endothelial cell apoptosis, coagulation, and neuronal apoptosis. The signaling pathways include Ras, PI3K-Akt, TNF, FoxO, HIF-1, and Rap1 signaling pathways. (2) Proteomics shows that the top 20 proteins in the differential protein PPI network were Syp, Syn1, Mbp, Gap43, Aif1, Camk2a, Syt1, Calm1, Calb1, Nsf, Nefl, Hspa5, Nefh, Ncam1, Dcx, Unc13a, Mapk1, Syt2, Dnm1, and Cltc. Differential protein enrichment results show that these proteins may be related to synaptic vesicle cycle, vesicle-mediated transport in synapse, presynaptic endocytosis, synaptic vesicle endocytosis, axon guidance, calcium signaling pathway, and so on. CONCLUSION This study combined network pharmacology and proteomics to explore the main material basis of Radix Rhei Et Rhizome for the treatment of CI such as sennoside A, palmidin A, emodin, and toralactone. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of biological processes (such as synaptic vesicle cycle, vesicle-mediated transport in synapse, presynaptic endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle endocytosis) and signaling pathways (such as Ras, PI3K-Akt, TNF, FoxO, HIF-1, Rap1, and axon guidance).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Long
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengxia Yuan
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghe Wu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tao T, Liu M, Chen M, Luo Y, Wang C, Xu T, Jiang Y, Guo Y, Zhang JH. Natural medicine in neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Challenges and prospective. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Xie XJ, Li CQ. Chrysophanol Protects Against Acute Heart Failure by Inhibiting JNK1/2 Pathway in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926392. [PMID: 33044948 PMCID: PMC7566230 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute heart failure (AHF) usually requires urgent therapy. Myocardial damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation are major components in the pathology of AHF. This study was designed to investigate the effects of chrysophanol on AHF. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with isoprenaline hydrochloride to construct AHF rat models. AHF rats were treated with normal saline (negative control), chrysophanol, the combination of chrysophanol and SP600125, or benazepril (positive control) using sham rats as blank controls. Echocardiography, histological staining, and enzyme activity analysis were performed to assess the heart functions and myocardial damage. Effects on apoptosis, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammation were evaluated by biochemical analysis, TUNEL staining, and ELISA. RESULTS Chrysophanol improved the parameters of cardiac functions and alleviated the myocardial damage accompanied by the reduction of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Meanwhile, chrysophanol inhibited the myocardial apoptosis along with the upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. AHF-induced abnormal changes of OS parameters (MDA, GPx, CAT, SOD) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-alpha, IFN-γ) were alleviated by chrysophanol. Benazepril treatment showed similar results with chrysophanol, while the addition of SP600125 enhanced the chrysophanol-mediated protection effects in AHF rats. Western blot analysis demonstrated that chrysophanol inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and its upstream/downstream factors. CONCLUSIONS Chrysophanol improved cardiac functions and protected against myocardial damage, apoptosis, OS, and inflammation by inhibiting activation of the JNK1/2 pathway in AHF rat models. These finding indicate that chrysophanol may be a promising approach for treatment of AHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Liu Z, Yan X. Chrysophanol protects PC12 cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-evoked injury by up-regulating miR-216a. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1433-1442. [PMID: 32401588 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1731655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral stroke refers to an acute onset of neurological deficit syndrome. In this research, we attempted to probe into the underlying mechanisms by which chrysophanol (CP) performed its regulatory roles in cerebral stroke. Methods OGD inducement was conducted in PC12 cells to construct a cerebral stroke model. Subsequently, CCK-8 assay, western blot, flow cytometry were utilized to determine cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. qRT-PCR was employed for detecting miR-216a expression level. Afterward, cell transfection was performed to alter miR-216a expression. Further, experiments were conducted to determine the expression of crucial factors participated in PI3 K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways for exploring the underlying mechanisms. Results OGD inducement suppressed cell viability, while promoted cell apoptosis. Besides, it enhanced the expression of proliferation-associated p53, p21, and apoptosis-associated Bax, and Cleaved-caspase-3, while suppressed the expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, CHR exposure ameliorated the effects that OGD-evoked, and elevated the expression of miR-216a, as well as the expression of crucial factors participated in PI3 K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. However, miR-216a silencing markedly reversed the effects triggered by CHR exposure. Conclusion CHR exposure relieved OGD-evoked PC12 cell damage by elevating miR-216a expression and thereby activating of PI3 K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| | - Chuanqian Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| | - Xipeng Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chrysophanol suppresses growth and metastasis
of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via miR-9/PD-L1 axis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:273-286. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
26
|
Zinc causes the death of hypoxic astrocytes by inducing ROS production through mitochondria dysfunction. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41048-019-00098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia triggers a cascade of events that contribute to ischemic brain damages. Zinc release and accumulation has been shown to lead to brain cell death following cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanism underlying remains to be elucidated. Our recently published work showed that suppression of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly reduced ischemic stroke related brain damage within 6 h. Herein, we investigated the relationship between zinc accumulation and mitochondrial-derived ROS production in astrocytes after 3-h hypoxia. We found that inhibition of mitochondrial-derived ROS significantly decreased total amount of ROS generation and cell death in primary astrocytes during hypoxia when zinc was overload. In contrast, the inhibition of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS had less of an effect. Our results also showed that zinc and mitochondria were colocalized in hypoxic astrocytes. Moreover, extracellular zinc addition caused zinc accumulation in the mitochondria and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to mitochondria dysfunction. These findings provide a novel mechanism that zinc accumulation contributes to hypoxia-induced astrocytes death by disrupting mitochondria function, following cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xie L, Tang H, Song J, Long J, Zhang L, Li X. Chrysophanol: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1475-1487. [PMID: 31373015 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chrysophanol is a natural anthraquinone, also known as chrysophanic acid and 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone. It has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical fields. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetic researches of chrysophanol. KEY FINDING Information on chrysophanol was collected from the Internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PM using a combination of keywords including 'pharmacology', 'toxicology' and 'pharmacokinetics'. The literature we collected included from January 2010 to June 2019. Chrysophanol has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antibacterial and antiviral, and regulating blood lipids. However, chrysophanol has obvious hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics indicate that the use of chrysophanol in combination with other drugs can reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. SUMMARY Chrysophanol can be used in many diseases. Future research directions include how the concentration of chrysophanol affects pharmacological effects and toxicity; the mechanism of synergy between chrysophanol and other drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bandookwala M, Thakkar D, Sengupta P. Advancements in the Analytical Quantification of Nitroxidative Stress Biomarker 3-Nitrotyrosine in Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:265-289. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1623010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bandookwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pharmacodynamics of Five Anthraquinones (Aloe-emodin, Emodin, Rhein, Chysophanol, and Physcion) and Reciprocal Pharmacokinetic Interaction in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101898. [PMID: 31108858 PMCID: PMC6571683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Rhubarb anthraquinones—a class of components with neuroprotective function—can be used to alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. (2) Methods: The three pharmacodynamic indicators are neurological function score, brain water content, and cerebral infarction area; UPLC-MS/MS was used in pharmacokinetic studies to detect plasma concentrations at different time points, and DAS software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters in a noncompartmental model. (3) Results: The results showed that the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of one of the five anthraquinone aglycones could be modified by the other four anthraquinones, and the degree of interaction between different anthraquinones was different. The chrysophanol group showed the greatest reduction in pharmacodynamic indicators comparing with other four groups where the rats were administered one of the five anthraquinones, and there was no significant difference between the nimodipine group. While the Aloe-emodin + Physcion group showed the most obvious anti-ischemic effect among the groups where the subjects were administered two of the five anthraquinones simultaneously. Emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, and physcion all increase plasma exposure levels of aloe-emodin, while aloe-emodin lower their plasma exposure levels. (4) Conclusions: This experiment provides a certain preclinical basis for the study of anthraquinone aglycones against cerebral ischemia and a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of interaction between anthraquinones.
Collapse
|
30
|
Neuroprotective Effects of Anthraquinones from Rhubarb in Central Nervous System Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3790728. [PMID: 31223328 PMCID: PMC6541978 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3790728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine; it has been used in China for thousands of years. Rhubarb anthraquinones are the major medicinal ingredients derived from rhubarb including emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, physcion, and danthron. These different anthraquinone derivatives alone or in combination play a therapeutic role in central nervous system diseases (CNSD), such as cerebral ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and others. We review the experimental studies on these six anthraquinones in the treatment of CNSD by consulting literature published in the last 20 years in PubMed and then give a future perspective on it. In the end of this paper some deficiencies related to these studies also have been pointed out.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yuan J, Hong H, Zhang Y, Lu J, Yu Y, Bi X, Wang J, Ye J. Chrysophanol attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:695-705. [PMID: 30977566 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a common pathological change found in various cardiovascular diseases. Although it has long been recognized as an important risk factor responsible for heart failure, there is still a lack of effective treatments in clinic. Chrysophanol is a natural compound with multiple biological activities and protective roles in the cardiovascular system. However, its potential effect on cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. In the current study, we found that chrysophanol could protect against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. Increase of cell surface and hypertrophic marker expression induced by ISO in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was downregulated by chrysophanol. Moreover, chrysophanol ameliorated the abnormal changes of cardiac structure and function in rats subjected to ISO injection, as shown by echocardiography and morphometry measurements. Further mechanistical investigation demonstrated that chrysophanol inhibited phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induced by ISO. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 and transcription of downstream genes promoted by ISO treatment were also remarkably suppressed by chrysophanol. Taken together, our findings revealed that chrysophanol attenuated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Chrysophanol may be a potential candidate compound for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophy-related cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqi Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Youhui Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Bi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|