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Kaur B, Kumar N, Kumari L, Gupta AP, Sharma R, Chopra K, Saxena S. In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential along with p.o. pharmacokinetic profile of key bioactive phytocompounds of Snow Mountain Garlic: a comparative analysis vis-à-vis normal garlic. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1871-1886. [PMID: 38564091 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Snow mountain garlic (SMG) is a trans-Himalayan medicinal plant used in the traditional medicine system for several ailments, including inflammatory arthritis. Research studies are insufficient to validate its folk medicinal applications. In the present study, the comparative abundance of its key bioactive phytocompounds, viz., S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), alliin, and S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMC) against normal garlic were assessed using the LC-MS/MS-MRM method. In addition, the study also explored the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency of crude extract of SMG and purified signature phytocompounds (i.e., SMC, SAC, and alliin) in comparison with normal garlic and dexamethasone in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The LC-MS/MS-MRM study revealed significant differences among SMG and normal garlic, viz., alliin 22.8-fold higher in SMG, and SMC could be detected only in SMG. In the bioassays, SMG extract and purified signature phytocompounds significantly downregulated oxidative damage in activated macrophages, boosting endogenous antioxidants' activity. SMG extract-treated macrophages significantly suppressed NF-κB expression and related inflammatory indicators such as cytokines, COX-2, iNOS, and NO. Notably, the observed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities of SMG extract were comparable to signature phytocompounds and dexamethasone. In addition, SAC being uniformly found in SMG and normal garlic, its comparative pharmacokinetics was studied to validate the pharmacodynamic superiority of SMG over normal garlic. Significantly higher plasma concentrations (Cmax), half-life (t1/2), and area under curve (AUC) of SAC following SMG extract administration than normal garlic validated the proposed hypothesis. Thus, the abundance of bioactive phytocompounds and their better pharmacokinetics in SMG extract might be underlying its medicinal merits over normal garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kaur
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Defence R & D Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, C/O 56 APO, Leh, Ladakh, 901205, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Defence R & D Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, C/O 56 APO, Leh, Ladakh, 901205, India
| | - Laxmi Kumari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ajai P Gupta
- Director, Quality Assurance, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Defence R & D Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, C/O 56 APO, Leh, Ladakh, 901205, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shweta Saxena
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Defence R & D Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, C/O 56 APO, Leh, Ladakh, 901205, India.
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Ge S, Guo Z, Xiao T, Sun P, Yang B, Ying Y. Qingfei Tongluo Mixture Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis through mTOR-Dependent Autophagy in Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:5573353. [PMID: 38361765 PMCID: PMC10869187 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5573353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
As an interstitial fibrosis disease characterized by diffuse alveolitis and structural alveolar disorders, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has high lethality but lacks limited therapeutic drugs. A hospital preparation used for the treatment of viral pneumonia, Qingfei Tongluo mixture (QFTL), is rumored to have protective effects against inflammatory and respiratory disease. This study aims to confirm whether it has a therapeutic effect on bleomycin-induced IPF in rats and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Male SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups: control, model, CQ + QFTL (84 mg/kg chloroquine (CQ) + 3.64 g/kg QFTL), QFTL-L, M, H (3.64, 7.28, and 14.56 g/kg, respectively) and pirfenidone (PFD 420 mg/kg). After induction modeling and drug intervention, blood samples and lung tissue were collected for further detection. Body weight and lung coefficient were examined, combined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining to observe lung tissue lesions. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the hydroxyproline (HYP) assay kit were used to detect changes in proinflammatory factors (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) and HYP. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to observe changes in proteins related to pulmonary fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12)) and autophagy (P62 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)). Treatment with QFTL significantly improved the adverse effects of bleomycin on body weight, lung coefficient, and pathological changes. Then, QFTL reduced bleomycin-induced increases in proinflammatory mediators and HYP. The expression changes of pulmonary fibrosis and autophagy marker proteins are attenuated by QFTL. Furthermore, the autophagy inhibitor CQ significantly reversed the downward trend in HYP levels and α-SMA protein expression, which QFTL improved in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. In conclusion, QFTL could effectively attenuate bleomycin-induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis through mTOR-dependent autophagy in rats. Therefore, QFTL has the potential to be an alternative treatment for IPF in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Zeng Q, Zhou TT, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang L, Zhang XH, Sang XX, Luo YY, Tian YM, Wu B, Liu L, Luo ZQ, He B, Liu W, Tang SY. Asarinin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating PPARγ. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14706. [PMID: 37679587 PMCID: PMC10485066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease that lacks effective treatment modalities. Once patients are diagnosed with IPF, their median survival is approximately 3-5 years. PPARγ is an important target for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Asarinin is a lignan compound that can be extracted from food plant Asarum heterotropoides. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of asarinin in a pulmonary fibrosis model constructed using bleomycin in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. Intraperitoneal administration of asarinin to mice with pulmonary fibrosis showed that asarinin effectively attenuated pulmonary fibrosis, and this effect was significantly inhibited by the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Asarinin inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in vitro, while GW9662 and PPARγ gene silencing significantly inhibited this effect. In addition, asarinin inhibited not only the canonical Smad pathway of TGF-β but also the non-canonical AKT and MAPK pathways by activating PPARγ. Our study demonstrates that asarinin can be used as a therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis, and that PPARγ is its key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Sang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Yang Luo
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Mei Tian
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin He
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Tang R, Zhou Y, Mei S, Xu Q, Feng J, Xing S, Gao Y, Qin S, He Z. Fibrotic extracellular vesicles contribute to mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary fibrosis development by activating lung fibroblasts via JNK signalling pathway: an experimental study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001753. [PMID: 37620111 PMCID: PMC10450055 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that mechanical ventilation (MV) could initiate ventilator-induced lung injury along with the initiation of the process of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), leading to MV-induced PF (MVPF). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of MV-induced extracellular vesicles (MV-EVs) and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of MVPF in vivo and in vitro. The process of MV is accompanied by the secretion of MV-EVs, which could induce lung fibroblast activation. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the JNK pathway in lung fibroblasts was activated after MV initiation. Inhibiting the JNK pathway could both restrain MV-EV-induced lung fibroblast activation in vitro or reduce the severity of MVPF in vivo. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MV-EVs contribute to MVPF progression by activating lung fibroblasts via the JNK signalling pathway and that inhibiting the secretion of EV and the activation of the JNK signalling pathway is a promising strategy for treating MVPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuya Mei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyi Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunpeng Xing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaojie Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xia R, Wang L, Zhou T, Zeng Y, Li X, Wu S, Huang X, Kang Y, Yin W. Pomegranate juice ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating inflammatory response and epithelial mesenchymal transformation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Kunnumakkara AB, Rana V, Parama D, Banik K, Girisa S, Henamayee S, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Garodia P, Gupta SC, Aggarwal BB. COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related? Life Sci 2021; 284:119201. [PMID: 33607159 PMCID: PMC7884924 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as associated complications and mortality. Therefore, targeting the cytokine storm might help in reducing COVID-19-associated health complications. The number of COVID-19 associated deaths (as of January 15, 2021; https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) in the USA is high (1199/million) as compared to countries like India (110/million). Although the reason behind this is not clear, spices may have some role in explaining this difference. Spices and herbs are used in different traditional medicines, especially in countries such as India to treat various chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the anti-inflammatory properties of spices which might prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. METHOD A detailed literature search has been conducted on PubMed for collecting information pertaining to the COVID-19; the history, origin, key structural features, and mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2; the repurposed drugs in use for the management of COVID-19, and the anti-inflammatory role of spices to combat COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that have reported the potency of spices to exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating crucial molecular targets for inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE As spices are derived from Mother Nature and are inexpensive, they are relatively safer to consume. Therefore, their anti-inflammatory property can be exploited to combat the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. This review thus focuses on the current knowledge on the role of spices for the treatment of COVID-19 through suppression of inflammation-linked cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India,Corresponding author at: Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sahu Henamayee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | | | - Subash C. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA,Corresponding author at: Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA
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Xiong Y, Cui X, Zhou Y, Chai G, Jiang X, Ge G, Wang Y, Sun H, Che H, Nie Y, Zhao P. Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in mice via the JNK and p38 MAPK-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107780. [PMID: 34118645 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and irreversible inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options. This study explored the potential role and mechanisms of Dehydrocostus lactone (DHL) in the inflammatory and fibrotic responses in a bleomycin (BLM) induced model. Treatment with DHL significantly reduced pathological injury and fibrosis, the secretion of BLM-induced pro-fibrotic mediators TGF-β and α-SMA, and components of the extracellular matrix (fibronectin). Additionally, in the early stages of inflammation, DHL administration inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and downregulated the expression of TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-6, indicating that DHL treatment effectively alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BLM induced the production of IL-33 in vivo, which initiated and progressed pulmonary fibrosis by activating macrophages and enhancing the production of IL-13 and TGF-β. In contrast, a significant decrease in the expression of IL-33 after DHL treatment in vitro showed that DHL strongly reduced IL-13 and TGF-β. Regarding the mechanism, BLM-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB were significantly reduced after DHL treatment, which further led to the down-regulation of IL-33 expression, thereby decreasing IL-13 and TGF-β. Collectively, our data suggested that DHL could exert its anti-fibrosis effect via inhibiting the early inflammatory response by downregulating the JNK/p38 MAPK-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress macrophage activation. Therefore, DHL has therapeutic potential for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Cui
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Gaoshang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Guizhi Ge
- The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hongxu Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Huilian Che
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Ribeiro M, Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Chermut TR, Sequeira J, de Souza Gouveia Moreira L, Teixeira KTR, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. From the distinctive smell to therapeutic effects: Garlic for cardiovascular, hepatic, gut, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4807-4819. [PMID: 34147285 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Garlic, a member of the Allium family, widely used in cooking for many centuries, displays well described antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as a result of its constituent organosulfur compounds, such as alliin, allicin, ajoene S-allyl-cysteine, diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide, among others. Although garlic has demonstrated beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, its efficacy as a therapeutic intervention in chronic kidney disease remains to be proven. This review thus focuses on the potential benefits of garlic as a treatment option in chronic kidney disease. and its ability to mitigate associated cardiovascular complications and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tuany R Chermut
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joana Sequeira
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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9
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Zini A, Mann J, Mazor S, Vered Y. Beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:297-301. [PMID: 33293771 PMCID: PMC7705088 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term efficacy of aged garlic extract to improve periodontitis. Two hundred and one participants were randomly stratified and assigned equally to the regimen group or the control group. At the start, 12 month, and 18 month subjects received dental examination and periodontal evaluation. Probing Pocket Depth and Gingival Recession were examined. For each efficacy parameter, the mean value of examination was calculated and assessed using paired-difference t tests. Statistical tests were two-sided using a 5% significance level. The mean value of pocket depth for the aged garlic extract group at 18 month was 1.06 ± 0.49 as compared to the baseline value of 1.89 ± 0.74 (p<0.001) and the corresponding value of 1.50 ± 0.46 for the placebo group (p<0.001), indicating the beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis. According to a Multiple linear regression analysis the only three variables which reached statistical significance as predictors of PPD level were the baseline PPD scores (p<0.001), smoking (p = 0.020), and consumption of daily dose of aged garlic extract (p<0.001). These results demonstrated that aged garlic extract is an effective supplement for preventing or improving periodontal disease. The well demonstrated benefits of aged garlic extract for the oral disease may also be used as a means to improve general health because of the close relationship between periodontitis and some systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Zini
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Faculty of Dental Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Jonathan Mann
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Faculty of Dental Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sigal Mazor
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Faculty of Dental Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yuval Vered
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Faculty of Dental Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. An Evaluation of Traditional Persian Medicine for the Management of SARS-CoV-2. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:571434. [PMID: 33324206 PMCID: PMC7724033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and with it, a global investigation of new antiviral treatments and supportive care for organ failure due to this life-threatening viral infection. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is one of the most ancient medical doctrines mostly known with the manuscripts of Avicenna and Rhazes. In this paper, we first introduce a series of medicinal plants that would potentially be beneficial in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection according to TPM textbooks. Then, we review medicinal plants based on the pharmacological studies obtained from electronic databases and discuss their mechanism of action in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several medicinal plants in TPM with cardiotonic, kidney tonic, and pulmonary tonic activities, protecting the lung, heart, and kidney, the three main vulnerable organs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some medicinal plants can prevent "humor infection", a situation described in TPM which has similar features to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmacological evaluations are in line with the therapeutic activities of several plants mentioned in TPM, mostly through antiviral, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Amongst the primarily-introduced medicinal plants from TPM, rhubarb, licorice, garlic, saffron, galangal, and clove are the most studied plants and represent candidates for clinical studies. The antiviral compounds isolated from these plants provide novel molecular structures to design new semisynthetic antiviral agents. Future clinical studies in healthy volunteers as well as patients suffering from pulmonary infections are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these plants as complementary and integrative interventions in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Roja Rahimi, ;
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Insights into the Role of Bioactive Food Ingredients and the Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176051. [PMID: 32842664 PMCID: PMC7503951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease mainly associated with aging and, to date, its causes are still largely unknown. It has been shown that dietary habits can accelerate or delay the occurrence of aging-related diseases; however, their potential role in IPF development has been underestimated so far. The present review summarizes the evidence regarding the relationship between diet and IPF in humans, and in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, in which we discuss the bioactivity of specific dietary food ingredients, including fatty acids, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. Interestingly, many animal studies reveal preventive and therapeutic effects of particular compounds. Furthermore, it has been recently suggested that the lung and gut microbiota could be involved in IPF, a relationship which may be linked to changes in immunological and inflammatory factors. Thus, all the evidence so far puts forward the idea that the gut-lung axis could be modulated by dietary factors, which in turn have an influence on IPF development. Overall, the data reviewed here support the notion of identifying food ingredients with potential benefits in IPF, with the ultimate aim of designing nutritional approaches as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy.
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12
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Thota SM, Balan V, Sivaramakrishnan V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3148-3167. [PMID: 32881214 PMCID: PMC7461159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, Texas, USA
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13
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Chen P, Chen C, Hu M, Cui R, Liu F, Yu H, Ren Y. S-allyl-L-cysteine protects hepatocytes from indomethacin-induced apoptosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1900-1911. [PMID: 32790969 PMCID: PMC7459406 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) can lead to acute liver failure, a lethal condition which may require liver transplantation. Hepatotoxicity associated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) accounts for ~ 10% of all DILI. In the current study, we determined whether indomethacin, one of the most commonly used NSAIDS, induced apoptosis in hepatocytes and investigated the underlying mechanism. Meanwhile, we investigated the protective effect of S‐allyl‐L‐cysteine (SAC), an active garlic derivative, on indomethacin‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis, and its implication on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We found that indomethacin triggered ER stress, as indicated by the elevated expression of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and spliced XBP1 in a rat liver BRL‐3A cell line. Following indomethacin treatment, caspase 3 activation and hepatocyte apoptosis were also observed. Inhibition of ER stress by chemical chaperone 4‐phenyl butyric acid alleviated cell apoptosis caused by indomethacin, indicating that ER stress is involved in indomethacin‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Moreover, SAC abated indomethacin‐induced eIF2α phosphorylation, inhibited CHOP upregulation and its nuclear translocation, abrogated the activation of caspase 3 and finally, protected hepatocytes from apoptosis. In conclusion, SAC protects indomethacin‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis through mitigating ER stress and may be suitable for development into a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Mingdao Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Henghai Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuling Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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14
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de Brito AA, da Silveira EC, Rigonato-Oliveira NC, Soares SS, Brandao-Rangel MAR, Soares CR, Santos TG, Alves CE, Herculano KZ, Vieira RP, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A, Albertini R, Aimbire F, de Oliveira AP. Low-level laser therapy attenuates lung inflammation and airway remodeling in a murine model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Relevance to cytokines secretion from lung structural cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111731. [PMID: 31935633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and chronic inflammatory disease with a poor prognosis and very few available treatment options. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been gaining prominence as a new and effective anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent. Can lung inflammation and the airway remodeling be regulated by LLLT in an experimental model of IPF in C57Bl/6 mice? The present study investigated if laser attenuates cellular migration to the lungs, the airway remodeling as well as pro-fibrotic cytokines secretion from type II pneumocytes and fibroblasts. Mice were irradiated (780 nm and 30 mW) and then euthanized fifteen days after bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung inflammation and airway remodeling were evaluated through leukocyte counting in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and analysis of collagen in lung, respectively. Inflammatory cells in blood were also measured. For in vitro assays, bleomycin-activated fibroblasts and type II pneumocytes were irradiated with laser. The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines level in BALF as well as cells supernatant were measured by ELISA, and the TGFβ in lung was evaluated by flow cytometry. Lung histology was used to analyze collagen fibers around the airways. LLLT reduced both migration of inflammatory cells and deposition of collagen fibers in the lungs. In addition, LLLT downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulated the IL-10 secretion from fibroblasts and pneumocytes. Laser therapy greatly reduced total lung TGFβ. Systemically, LLLT also reduced the inflammatory cells counted in blood. There is no statistical difference in inflammatory parameters studied between mice of the basal group and the laser-treated mice. Data obtained indicate that laser effectively attenuates the lung inflammation, and the airway remodeling in experimental pulmonary fibrosis is driven to restore the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in lung and inhibit the pro-fibrotic cytokines secretion from fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriléia Aparecida de Brito
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina da Silveira
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Stephanie Souza Soares
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Alves Rodrigues Brandao-Rangel
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clariana Rodrigues Soares
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tawany Gonçalves Santos
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Estefano Alves
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karine Zanella Herculano
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Moviment and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regiane Albertini
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Moviment and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Biphotonic Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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