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Liu M, Zheng J, Yu L, Shao S, Zhou W, Liu J. Engineering Nannochloropsis oceanica for concurrent production of canthaxanthin and eicosapentaenoic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131525. [PMID: 39321939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The marine alga Nannochloropsis oceanica can synthesize the high-value ketocarotenoid canthaxanthin yet at an extremely low level. Introducing a β-carotenoid ketolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii into the chloroplast for expression, enabled N. oceanica to synthesize substantial amounts of canthaxanthin and grow better under high light. Compared to wild type, the engineered strain had higher levels of primary carotenoids and chlorophyll a as well, and synthesized more eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids). Further metabolic engineering by enhancing the flux to carotenoids or suppressing competing pathways allowed for a considerable increase of canthaxanthin, reaching 4.7 mg g-1 dry weight. A fed-batch culture strategy with nitrate and phosphate replenishment was developed for the co-production of canthaxanthin and EPA, which within a 10-day period reached 37.6 and 268.8 mg/L, respectively. This study sheds light on manipulating the industrially relevant alga for efficient co-production of high-value biochemicals from CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengxi Shao
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Ramarui K, Zhong J, Li Y. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of a Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) mutant with a higher heterotrophic cell division rate reveals altered pathways involved in cell proliferation and nutrient partitioning. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39129585 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis has been used to produce the ketocarotenoid antioxidant, astaxanthin. Currently, heterotrophic cultivation of H. pluvialis is limited by slow growth rates. This work aimed to address this challenge by exploring the mechanisms of acetate metabolism in Haematococcus. Chemical mutagenesis and screening identified H. pluvialis strain KREMS 23D-3 that achieved up to a 34.9% higher cell density than the wild type when grown heterotrophically on acetate. An integrative proteomics and phosphoproteomics approach was employed to quantify 4955 proteins and 5099 phosphorylation sites from 2505 phosphoproteins in the wild-type and mutant strains of H. pluvialis. Among them, 12 proteins were significantly upregulated and 22 significantly downregulated in the mutant while phosphoproteomic analysis identified 143 significantly upregulated phosphorylation sites on 106 proteins and 130 downregulated phosphorylation sites on 114 proteins. Upregulation of anaphase-promoting complex phosphoproteins and downregulation of a putative cell cycle division 20 phosphoprotein in the mutant suggests rapid mitotic progression, coinciding with higher cell division rates. Upregulated coproporphyrinogen oxidase and phosphorylated magnesium chelatase in the mutant demonstrated altered nitrogen partitioning toward chlorophyll biosynthesis. The large proportion of differentially expressed phosphoproteins suggests phosphorylation is a key regulator for protein expression and activity in Haematococcus. Taken together, this study reveals the regulation of interrelated acetate metabolic pathways in H. pluvialis and provides protein targets that may guide future strain engineering work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyarii Ramarui
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Delta Omics Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Ma Y, Sun X, Sun Y, Li H, Li H, Jiao X. Synchronous enhancement of astaxanthin and lipid accumulation in Haematococcus lacustris through co-mutation of ethanol and atmospheric and room temperature plasma: Exploration of characteristics and underlying mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130305. [PMID: 38199438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Haematococcus lacustris is a precious algal species renowned for its ability to simultaneous production of astaxanthin and lipid. However, its slow growth rate necessitates the development of appropriate mutagenesis methodologies to effectively enhance its synchronous production of both astaxanthin and lipid. This study introduced the co-mutation of Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) and ethanol. The performance and preliminary mechanisms underlying the combined accumulation of astaxanthin and lipid in H. lacustris under both mutations by ARTP and ethanol were comparatively analyzed. Combined astaxanthin and lipid contents relative to total cell mass in the 110-2 strain reached 54.4%, surpassing that of strain 0-3 and the control by 17.0% and 47.6% respectively. Transcriptome level analysis revealed how both ethanol and ARTP induction promote the expressions of carotenoid and lipid synthesis genes and related enzymatic activities. Upregulation of genes associated with cell activity contributed to lipid and astaxanthin metabolism in multi pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055 China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055 China.
| | - Youreng Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055 China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055 China
| | - Xiangfei Jiao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055 China
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Jia J, Li F, Luan Y, Liu S, Chen Z, Bao G. Salicylic acid treatment and overexpression of a novel polyamine transporter gene for astaxanthin production in Phaffia rhodozyma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1282315. [PMID: 37929196 PMCID: PMC10621793 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1282315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma represents an excellent microbial resource for astaxanthin production. However, the yeast's low astaxanthin productivity poses challenges in scaling up industrial production. Although P. rhodozyma originates from plant material, and phytohormones have demonstrated their effectiveness in stimulating microbial production, there has been limited research on the effects and mechanisms of phytohormones on astaxanthin biosynthesis in P. rhodozyma. In this study, the addition of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) at a concentration as low as 0.5 mg/L significantly enhanced biomass, astaxanthin content, and yield by 20.8%, 95.8% and 135.3% in P. rhodozyma, respectively. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis showed that SA had discernible impact on the gene expression profile of P. rhodozyma cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in P. rhodozyma cells between the SA-treated and SA-free groups were identified. These genes played crucial roles in various aspects of astaxanthin and its competitive metabolites synthesis, material supply, biomolecule metabolite and transportation, anti-stress response, and global signal transductions. This study proposes a regulatory mechanism for astaxanthin synthesis induced by SA, encompassing the perception and transduction of SA signal, transcription factor-mediated gene expression regulation, and cellular stress responses to SA. Notably, the polyamine transporter gene (PT), identified as an upregulated DEG, was overexpressed in P. rhodozyma to obtain the transformant Prh-PT-006. The biomass, astaxanthin content and yield in this engineered strain could reach 6.6 g/L, 0.35 mg/g DCW and 2.3 mg/L, 24.5%, 143.1% and 199.0% higher than the wild strain at the SA-free condition, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into potential targets for genetic engineering aimed at achieving high astaxanthin yields, and such advancements hold promise for expediting the industrialization of microbial astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Jia
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Luan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siru Liu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoliang Bao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Foster L, Boothman C, Harrison S, Jenkinson P, Pittman JK, Lloyd JR. Identification of algal rich microbial blooms in the Sellafield Pile Fuel Storage Pond and the application of ultrasonic treatment to control the formation of blooms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1261801. [PMID: 37860139 PMCID: PMC10582928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1261801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of microorganisms in a range of nuclear facilities has been known for many years. In this study the microbial community inhabiting the Pile Fuel Storage Pond (PFSP), which is a legacy open-aired facility on the Sellafield nuclear site, Cumbria, UK, was determined to help target microbial bloom management strategies in this facility. The PFSP is currently undergoing decommissioning and the development of prolonged dense microbial blooms reduces the visibility within the water. Such impairment in the pond water visibility can lead to delays in pond operations, which also has financial implications. Efforts to control the microbial population within the PFSP are ongoing, with the installation of ultrasonic treatment units. Here next generation sequencing techniques focussing on broad targets for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms were used to identify the microbial community. On-site monitoring of photosynthetic pigments indicated when microbial blooms formed and that eukaryotic algae were most likely to be responsible for these events. The sequencing data suggested that the blooms were dominated by members of the class Chrysophyceae, a group of golden algae, while evidence of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria was limited, further supporting eukaryotic organisms causing the blooms. The results of sequencing data from 2018 was used to inform a change in the operational settings of the ultrasonic units, while monitoring of the microbial community and photosynthetic pigments trends was extended. Since the changes were made to the ultrasonic treatment, the visibility in the pond was significantly improved, with an absence of a spring bloom in 2020 and an overall reduction in the number of days lost due to microbial blooms annually. This work extends our knowledge of the diversity of microbes able to colonise nuclear fuel storage ponds, and also suggests that sequencing data can help to optimise the performance of ultrasonic treatments, to control algal proliferation in the PFSP facility and other inhospitable engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Foster
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Harrison
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jon K. Pittman
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Lloyd
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Kolackova M, Janova A, Dobesova M, Zvalova M, Chaloupsky P, Krystofova O, Adam V, Huska D. Role of secondary metabolites in distressed microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115392. [PMID: 36746204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proficient photosynthetic microalgae/cyanobacteria produce a remarkable amount of various biomolecules. Secondary metabolites (SM) represent high value products for global biotrend application. Production improvement can be achieved by nutritional, environmental, and physiological stress as a first line tools for their stimulation. In recent decade, an increasing interest in algal stress biology and omics techniques have deepened knowledge in this area. However, deep understanding and connection of specific stress elucidator are missing. Hence, the present review summarizes recent evidence with an emphasis on the carotenoids, phenolic, and less-discussed compounds (glycerol, proline, mycosporins-like amino acids). Even when they are synthesized at very low concentrations, it highlights the need to expand knowledge in this area using genome-editing tools and omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Janova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Dobesova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zvalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Krystofova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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8
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Polyethylenimine linked with chitosan improves astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:569-580. [PMID: 36517544 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is receiving increasing interest as an antioxidant and high value-added secondary metabolite. Haematococcus pluvialis is the main source for astaxanthin production, and many studies are being conducted to increase the production of astaxanthin. In this study, we linked polyethylenimine (PEI) with chitosan to maintain astaxanthin-inducing ability while securing the recyclability of the inducer. Astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis was induced to 86.4 pg cell-1 with the PEI-chitosan fiber (PCF) treatment prepared by cross-linking of 10 μM PEI and low molecular weight (MW) chitosan via epichlorohydrin. PEI concentration affected the astaxanthin accumulation, whereas the MW of chitosan did not. In addition, the PCF treatment in H. pluvialis increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in cells, thereby upregulating the transcription of enzymes involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis. PCF can be reused multiple times with the maintenance of over 90% of the astaxanthin production efficiency. This study offers a reusable PCF stimulation strategy for enhancing natural astaxanthin content, and PCF treatment will easily increase the production scale or reduce production costs by using recyclability that is not available in current methods. KEY POINTS: • Polyethylenimine-chitosan fiber (PCF) was applied to Haematococcus pluvialis • PCF promotes astaxanthin accumulation by enhancing oxidative stress in H. pluvialis • PCF can be reused multiple times with maintaining over 90% production efficiency.
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9
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Xing H, Li Q, Zhao Y, Gao H, Li L, Zhang Y, Yu X. Exogenous prolinebooststheco-accumulation ofastaxanthin and biomassin stress-induced Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128488. [PMID: 36528181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to explore the role of proline (Pro) in the production of biomass and astaxanthin (AST) in stress-induced Haematococcus pluvialis. The astaxanthin content and productivity were 24.02 mg g-1 and 2.22 mg/L d-1 under abiotic stresses, respectively. After 100 μM Pro supplementation, the biomass, AST and lipid contents reached 1.43 g/L, 29.91 mg g-1 and 56.79 %, which were enhanced by 19.16 %, 33.52 % and 11.08 %, respectively, compared to the control. Pro-treated regulated chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein accumulation and upregulated carotenogenic, lipogenic and antioxidant enzymes-associated gene levels; as well as increased endogenous Pro content, but reduced ROS (Reactive oxygen species) and MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels and alleviated oxidative stress, which might be involved in AST biosynthesis. Further data showed Pro has a positive role in biomass and AST coaccumulation in different H. pluvialis species, suggesting application of Pro was an effective strategy to improve AST productivity of H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Xing
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Linpin Li
- Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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10
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A novel stepwise dilution strategy to improve astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis in outdoor horizontal tubular photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Sun JP, Wei XH, Cong XM, Zhang WH, Qiu LX, Zang XN. Expression of fatty acid related gene promotes astaxanthin heterologous production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1130065. [PMID: 37020810 PMCID: PMC10067919 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1130065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural astaxanthin is a high-value ketone carotenoid mainly derived from Haematococcus pluvialis, which is an excellent antioxidant for human consumption. To study the role of lipids in accumulation of astaxanthin, the H. pluvialis-derived astaxanthin synthesis pathway genes (β-carotene ketolase gene, BKT and β-carotene hydroxylase gene, BCH) and fatty acid elongation gene (mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-coa reductase gene, MECR) were heterologously co-expressed in C. reinhardtii. Zeaxanthin, the precursor of astaxanthin synthesis, was significantly increased after BKT and BCH were expressed. In contrast, the α-carotene that competes with astaxanthin synthesis for lycopene decreased significantly. This redistribution of carbon flow was conducive to the synthesis of astaxanthin. In addition, the transformant only expressed astaxanthin metabolism related genes (BKT, BCH) would lead to an increase in total lipid, a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids. On this basis, the expression of MECR gene further increased the total lipid, and the relative content of different fatty acids also changed. The astaxanthin content of algal strains transformed with BKT and BCH genes was nearly 50% higher than that of the wild type. On this basis, the astaxanthin content of transformants expressing MECR gene related to long-chain fatty acid synthesis was increased by 227.5%. In this study, an astaxanthin production model similar to H. pluvialis by combining carotenoid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism was constructed in C. reinhardtii. The results suggest that the increase in astaxanthin is indeed linked to the regulation of fatty acid metabolism, and this link may involve the type of fatty acids and the dynamics of astaxanthin ester in cells. The strategy of promoting the synthesis of fatty acids has potential to achieve efficient production of astaxanthin in C. reinhardtii.
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12
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Lee Y, Park R, Miller SM, Li Y. Genetic compensation of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1069-1080. [PMID: 35727866 PMCID: PMC9545326 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic compensation has been proposed to explain phenotypic differences between gene knockouts and knockdowns in several metazoan and plant model systems. With the rapid development of reverse genetic tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi in microalgae, it is increasingly important to assess whether genetic compensation affects the phenotype of engineered algal mutants. While exploring triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis pathways in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, it was discovered that knockout of certain genes catalyzing rate-limiting steps of TAG biosynthesis, type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes (DGTTs), triggered genetic compensation under abiotic stress conditions. Genetic compensation of a DGTT1 null mutation by a related PDAT gene was observed regardless of the strain background or mutagenesis approach, for example, CRISPR/Cas 9 or insertional mutagenesis. However, no compensation was found in the PDAT knockout mutant. The effect of PDAT knockout was evaluated in a Δvtc1 mutant, in which PDAT was upregulated under stress, resulting in a 90% increase in TAG content. Knockout of PDAT in the Δvtc1 background induced a 12.8-fold upregulation of DGTT1 and a 272.3% increase in TAG content in Δvtc1/pdat1 cells, while remaining viable. These data suggest that genetic compensation contributes to the genetic robustness of microalgal TAG biosynthetic pathways, maintaining lipid and redox homeostasis in the knockout mutants under abiotic stress. This work demonstrates examples of genetic compensation in microalgae, implies the physiological relevance of genetic compensation in TAG biosynthesis under stress, and provides guidance for future genetic engineering and mutant characterization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ying Lee
- Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMD21202USA
| | - Rudolph Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21250USA
| | - Stephen M. Miller
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21250USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMD21202USA
- Department of Marine BiotechnologyUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21202USA
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13
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Basiony M, Ouyang L, Wang D, Yu J, Zhou L, Zhu M, Wang X, Feng J, Dai J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Hua Q, Yang X, Zhang L. Optimization of microbial cell factories for astaxanthin production: Biosynthesis and regulations, engineering strategies and fermentation optimization strategies. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:689-704. [PMID: 35261927 PMCID: PMC8866108 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The global market demand for natural astaxanthin is rapidly increasing owing to its safety, the potential health benefits, and the diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The major native producers of natural astaxanthin on industrial scale are the alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Xanthopyllomyces dendrorhous. However, the natural production via these native producers is facing challenges of limited yield and high cost of cultivation and extraction. Alternatively, astaxanthin production via metabolically engineered non-native microbial cell factories such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica is another promising strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review we summarize the recent scientific and biotechnological progresses on astaxanthin biosynthetic pathways, transcriptional regulations, the interrelation with lipid metabolism, engineering strategies as well as fermentation process control in major native and non-native astaxanthin producers. These progresses illuminate the prospects of producing astaxanthin by microbial cell factories on industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Basiony
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mohan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengguo Zhang
- Shandong Jincheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 117 Qixing River Road, Zibo, 255130, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiuliang Yang
- Shandong Jincheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 117 Qixing River Road, Zibo, 255130, Shandong, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Fei Z, Liao J, Fan F, Wan M, Bai W, He M, Li Y. Improving astaxanthin production by using multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate green cells of Haematococcus pluvialis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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The Dynamic Behaviors of Photosynthesis during Non-Motile Cell Germination in Haematococcus pluvialis. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis undergoes a three-phase process during the process of germination: first, repeated mitotic events; next, cytokinesis to form the zoospore; and finally, a fast release of motile cells. Physiological properties were measured using chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient. The most obvious increase in K-value and L-value appeared at 17 h, suggesting that oxygen-evolving complex damage and lower energetic connectivity of the photosystem II units of the mother non-motile cell occurred. Compared to phase I, the values of the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM) and PIABS increased significantly in phases II and III, suggesting that photosynthetic photochemical activity was greatly up-regulated during cytokinesis to form zoospores and the fast release of motile cells. Moreover, the significant increase in the K-band at 17 h and 22 h indicates that the PSII donor side was the limiting factor during the initial period of germination. All these results suggest that the cellular photosynthetic activity continues to strengthen during cytokinesis to form the zoospore and the fast release of motile cells, and it was postulated to meet the demands for sporangium swelling and new organelle formation.
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Garuglieri E, Booth JM, Fusi M, Yang X, Marasco R, Mbobo T, Clementi E, Sacchi L, Daffonchio D. Morphological characteristics and abundance of prokaryotes associated with gills in mangrove brachyuran crabs living along a tidal gradient. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266977. [PMID: 35421185 PMCID: PMC9009686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the chemico-physical differences between air and water, the transition from aquatic life to the land poses several challenges for animal evolution, necessitating morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations. Microbial symbiosis is known to have played an important role in eukaryote evolution, favouring host adaptation under changing environmental conditions. We selected mangrove brachyuran crabs as a model group to investigate the prokaryotes associated with the gill of crabs dwelling at different tidal levels (subtidal, intertidal and supratidal). In these animals, the gill undergoes a high selective pressure, finely regulating multiple physiological functions during both animal submersion under and emersion from the periodical tidal events. We hypothesize that similarly to other marine animals, the gills of tidal crabs are consistently colonized by prokaryotes that may quantitatively change along the environmental gradient driven by the tides. Using electron microscopy techniques, we found a thick layer of prokaryotes over the gill surfaces of all of 12 crab species from the mangrove forests of Saudi Arabia, Kenya and South Africa. We consistently observed two distinct morphotypes (rod- and spherical-shaped), positioned horizontally and/or perpendicularly to the gill surface. The presence of replicating cells indicated that the prokaryote layer is actively growing on the gill surface. Quantitative analysis of scanning electron microscopy images and the quantification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene by qPCR revealed a higher specific abundance of prokaryote cells per gill surface area in the subtidal species than those living in the supratidal zone. Our results revealed a correlation between prokaryote colonization of the gill surfaces and the host lifestyle. This finding indicates a possible role of prokaryote partnership within the crab gills, with potential effects on animal adaptation to different levels of the intertidal gradient present in the mangrove ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Garuglieri
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenny Marie Booth
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Fusi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramona Marasco
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tumeka Mbobo
- National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity Institute, Makhanda, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Emanuela Clementi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Chen Q, Chen Y, Xu Q, Jin H, Hu Q, Han D. Effective Two-Stage Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Unicellular Green Microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis Enabled Ultrahigh Biomass and Astaxanthin Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:834230. [PMID: 35284408 PMCID: PMC8907917 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.834230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromochloris zofingiensis has obtained particular interest as a promising candidate for natural astaxanthin production. In this study, we established a two-stage heterotrophic cultivation process, by using which both the growth of C. zofingiensis and astaxanthin accumulation are substantially enhanced. Specifically, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 221.3 g L−1 was achieved under the optimum culture conditions in 7.5 L fermenter during 12 days. When scaled-up in the 500 L fermentor, the biomass yield reached 182.3 g L−1 in 9 days, while the astaxanthin content was 0.068% of DW. To further promote astaxanthin accumulation, gibberellic Acid-3 (GA3) was screened from a variety of phytohormones and was combined with increased C/N ratio and NaCl concentration for induction. When C. zofingiensis was grown with the two-stage cultivation strategy, the astaxanthin yield reached 0.318 g L−1, of which the biomass yield was 235.4 g L−1 and astaxanthin content was 0.144% of DW. The content of the total fatty acids increased from 23 to 42% of DW simultaneously. Such an astaxanthin yield was 5.4-fold higher than the reported highest record and surpassed the level of Haematococcus pluvialis. This study demonstrated that heterotrophic cultivation of C. zofingiensis is competitive for industrial astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Danxiang Han,
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Jin H, Lao YM, Zhou J, Cai ZH. Identification of a RelA/SpoT Homolog and Its Possible Role in the Accumulation of Astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:796997. [PMID: 35222463 PMCID: PMC8863741 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.796997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A RelA/SpoT homolog, HpRSH, was identified in Haematococcus pluvialis. HpRSH was found to catalyze Mg2+-dependent guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) synthesis and Mn2+-dependent ppGpp hydrolysis, respectively. The transcription of HpRSH was significantly upregulated by environmental stresses, such as darkness, high light, nitrogen limitation, and salinity stress. The intracellular ppGpp level was also increased when exposed to these stresses. In addition, the classical initiator of stringent response, serine hydroxamate (SHX), was found to upregulate the transcription of HpRSH and increase the level of ppGpp. Moreover, stringent response induced by SHX or environmental stresses was proven to induce the accumulation of astaxanthin. These results indicated that stringent response regulatory system involved in the regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis. Furthermore, stringent response was unable to induce astaxanthin accumulation under dark condition. This result implied that stringent response may regulate astaxanthin biosynthesis in a light-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Min Lao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Hua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Fan F, Wan M, Huang J, Wang W, Bai W, He M, Li Y. Modeling of astaxanthin production in the two-stage cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis and its application on the optimization of vertical multi-column airlift photobioreactor. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Sefrji FO, Michoud G, Marasco R, Merlino G, Daffonchio D. Mangrovivirga cuniculi gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from bioturbated Red Sea mangrove sediment, and proposal of the novel family Mangrovivirgaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34214025 PMCID: PMC8489838 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain R1DC9T, was isolated from sediments of a mangrove stand on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia via diffusion chamber cultivation. Strain R1DC9T grew at 20-40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum, pH 8) and 3-11 % NaCl (optimum, 7-9 %) in the cultivation medium. The genome of R1DC9T was 4 661 901 bp long and featured a G+C content of 63.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and whole-genome multilocus sequence analysis using 120 concatenated single-copy genes revealed that R1DC9T represents a distinct lineage in the order Cytophagales and the phylum Bacteroidetes separated from the Roseivirgaceae and Marivirgaceae families. R1DC9T displayed 90 and 89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identities with Marivirga sericea DSM 4125T and Roseivirga ehrenbergii KMM 6017T, respectively. The predominant quinone was MK7. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were the saturated branch chain fatty acids iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0, along with a low percentage of the monounsaturated fatty acid C16 : 1 ω5c. Based on differences in phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics from known relatives, and the results of phylogenetic analyses, R1DC9T (=KCTC 72349T=JCM 33609T=NCCB 100698T) is proposed to represent a novel species in a new genus, and the name Mangrovivirga cuniculi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The distinct phylogenetic lineage among the families in the order Cytophagales indicates that R1DC9T represents a new family for which the name Mangrovivirgaceae fam. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah O Sefrji
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Grégoire Michoud
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramona Marasco
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Merlino
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Liu S, Yi H, Zhan H, Wang L, Wang J, Li Y, Liu B. Gibberellic acid-induced fatty acid metabolism and ABC transporters promote astaxanthin production in Phaffia rhodozyma. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:390-400. [PMID: 34161638 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Astaxanthin is an important natural antioxidant with various biological functions; however, the production of astaxanthin does not meet the requirements for industrialization. The aim of the present study was to identify an inducer that increases astaxanthin yield and to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of the induction of astaxanthin synthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA) on astaxanthin synthesis were studied by fermentation kinetics analysis. Then, combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches were used to analyse differential metabolites and expressed genes involved in astaxanthin synthesis induced by GA. The results indicated that GA significantly increased astaxanthin production; however, IAA and JA had no significant effect on astaxanthin synthesis. The induction by GA significantly enhanced fatty acid metabolism and ABC transporters, increased the expression of fatty acid desaturase and ABC transporter genes, and elevated the contents of unsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that fatty acid saturation plays an important role in astaxanthin accumulation and that ABC transporters may be the efflux pumps for astaxanthin. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present study reveals metabolic mechanism of GA-induced astaxanthin synthesis and proposes a new strategy of transporter engineering to improve astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijiao Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Yi
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Honglei Zhan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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22
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Zhao J, Yu W, Zhang L, Liu J. Chlororespiration protects the photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition by alleviating inhibition of photodamaged-PSII repair in Haematococcus pluvialis at the green motile stage. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Wan X, Zhou XR, Moncalian G, Su L, Chen WC, Zhu HZ, Chen D, Gong YM, Huang FH, Deng QC. Reprogramming microorganisms for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin via metabolic engineering. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101083. [PMID: 33373616 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for astaxanthin in food, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications because of its superior anti-oxidative and coloring properties. However, naturally produced astaxanthin is expensive, mainly due to low productivity and limited sources. Reprogramming of microorganisms for astaxanthin production via metabolic engineering is a promising strategy. We primarily focus on the application of synthetic biology, enzyme engineering and metabolic engineering in enhancing the synthesis and accumulation of astaxanthin in microorganisms in this review. We also discuss the biosynthetic pathways of astaxanthin within natural producers, and summarize the achievements and challenges in reprogramming microorganisms for enhancing astaxanthin production. This review illuminates recent biotechnological advances in microbial production of astaxanthin. Future perspectives on utilization of new technologies for boosting microbial astaxanthin production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | | | - Gabriel Moncalian
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Hang-Zhi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yang-Min Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Qian-Chun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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Changes in lipid and carotenoid metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during induction of CO2-concentrating mechanism: Cellular response to low CO2 stress. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.
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Liyanaarachchi VC, Nishshanka GKSH, Premaratne RGMM, Ariyadasa TU, Nimarshana PHV, Malik A. Astaxanthin accumulation in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: Effect of initial phosphate concentration and stepwise/continuous light stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00538. [PMID: 33294401 PMCID: PMC7683316 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient composition and light stress significantly affect the productivity of astaxanthin in Haemotococcus pluvialis. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of initial phosphate concentration and two distinct light regimes on astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. In the green stage, microalgae were cultivated in different initial phosphate concentrations under 2000 lx and a 12:12 h photoperiod. To initiate astaxanthin accumulation, an increased light intensity of 5000 lx was provided using two methods; (i) stepwise light stress, where a 12:12 h photoperiod was provided for 14 days, followed by 14 days of continuous illumination, and (ii) continuous illumination for 28 days. Phosphate limitation and continuous light stress were favourable to enhance cellular astaxanthin accumulation, which reached 7% by weight. The highest astaxanthin concentration of 27.0 ± 1.9 mg/L and lowest specific light energy consumption of 32.9 ± 2.3 kW h/g astaxanthin were reported in cultures grown in 41 mg/L phosphate under continuous light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anushree Malik
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Lin J, Chen Y, Yan H, Nahidian B, Hu Q, Han D. High-throughput fluorescence-activated cell sorting for cell wall-deficient microalgal mutants screening. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Foster L, Boothman C, Ruiz-Lopez S, Boshoff G, Jenkinson P, Sigee D, Pittman JK, Morris K, Lloyd JR. Microbial bloom formation in a high pH spent nuclear fuel pond. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137515. [PMID: 32325573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are able to colonise a wide range of extreme environments, including nuclear facilities. In this study, the First Generation Magnox Storage Pond (FGMSP) a high pH, legacy spent nuclear fuel pond (SNFP) situated at Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, was studied. Despite the inhospitable conditions in the FGMSP, microorganisms can cause "blooms" within the facility which to date have not been studied. These microbial blooms significantly reduce visibility in the engineered facility, disrupting fuel retrieval operations and slowing decommissioning. The microbial community colonising the pond during two microbial bloom periods was determined by using physiological measurements and high throughput next generation sequencing techniques. In situ probes within the ponds targeting photosynthetic pigments indicated a cyanobacterial bloom event. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene data suggested that a single cyanobacterial genus was dominant during the bloom events, which was most closely related to Pseudanabaena sp. Comparisons between the microbial community of FGMSP and an adjacent SNFP that is periodically purged into the FGMSP, showed different community profiles. Data confirm the onset of the microbial blooms occurred when the pond purge rate was reduced, and blooms could be controlled by re-establishing the purging regime. The presence of Pseudanabaena sp. that can colonise the pond and dominate during bloom periods is notable since they have received little attention for their role in cyanobacterial bloom formation. This work also informs bioremediation efforts to treat waters contaminated with radionuclides, which could benefit from the use of cyanobacteria able to tolerate extreme environments and accumulate priority radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Foster
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Sharon Ruiz-Lopez
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Genevieve Boshoff
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Birchwood, Warrington WA3 6AE, UK.
| | | | - David Sigee
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Primary metabolism is associated with the astaxanthin biosynthesis in the green algae Haematococcus pluvialis under light stress. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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de Carpentier F, Lemaire SD, Danon A. When Unity Is Strength: The Strategies Used by Chlamydomonas to Survive Environmental Stresses. Cells 2019; 8:E1307. [PMID: 31652831 PMCID: PMC6912462 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a valuable model system to study a wide spectrum of scientific fields, including responses to environmental conditions. Most studies are performed under optimal growth conditions or under mild stress. However, when environmental conditions become harsher, the behavior of this unicellular alga is less well known. In this review we will show that despite being a unicellular organism, Chlamydomonas can survive very severe environmental conditions. To do so, and depending on the intensity of the stress, the strategies used by Chlamydomonas can range from acclimation to the formation of multicellular structures, or involve programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix de Carpentier
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
- Faculty of Sciences, Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Danon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
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Djearamane S, Lim YM, Wong LS, Lee PF. Cellular accumulation and cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7582. [PMID: 31579572 PMCID: PMC6765357 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in household and cosmetic products which imply an increased releasing of these particles into the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems, resulting in the need of assessing the potential toxic effects of ZnO NPS on the aquatic organisms, particularly on microalgae which form the base for food chain of aquatic biota. The present study has investigated the dose- and time-dependent cellular accumulation and the corresponding cytotoxic effects of increasing concentrations of ZnO NPs from 10–200 μg/mL on microalga Haematococcus pluvialis at an interval of 24 h for 96 h. Methods The scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to qualitatively detect the cellular accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal cells, while inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was performed to quantify the cell associated-zinc in algal cells. The percentage of cell death, reduction in algal biomass, and loss in photosynthetic pigments were measured to investigate the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on H. pluvialis. Extracellular and intracellular changes in algal cells resulted from the treatment of ZnO NPs were demonstrated through optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic studies. Results SEM-EDX spectrum evidenced the accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal biomass and ICP OES results reported a significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent accumulation of zinc in algal cells from 24 h for all the tested concentrations of ZnO NPs (10–200 μg/mL). Further, the study showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition of H. pluvialis from 72 h at 10–200 μg/mL of ZnO NPs. The morphological examinations revealed substantial surface and intracellular damages in algal cells due to the treatment of ZnO NPs. Discussion The present study reported the significant cellular accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal cells and the corresponding cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on H. pluvialis through the considerable reduction in algal cell viability, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments together with surface and intracellular damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinouvassane Djearamane
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ota S, Kawano S. Three-dimensional ultrastructure and hyperspectral imaging of metabolite accumulation and dynamics in Haematococcus and Chlorella. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019; 68:57-68. [PMID: 30576509 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycology has developed alongside light and electron microscopy techniques. Since the 1950s, progress in the field has accelerated dramatically with the advent of electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopes can only acquire imaging data on a 2D plane. Currently, many of the life sciences are seeking to obtain 3D images with electron microscopy for the accurate interpretation of subcellular dynamics. Three-dimensional reconstruction using serial sections is a method that can cover relatively large cells or tissues without requiring special equipment. Another challenge is monitoring secondary metabolites (such as lipids or carotenoids) in intact cells. This became feasible with hyperspectral cameras, which enable the acquisition of wide-range spectral information in living cells. Here, we review bioimaging studies on the intracellular dynamics of substances such as lipids, carotenoids and phosphorus using conventional to state-of-the-art microscopy techniques in the field of algal biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ota
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawano
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Future Center Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Study on the Visualization of Pigment in Haematococcus pluvialis by Raman Spectroscopy Technique. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12097. [PMID: 31431631 PMCID: PMC6702176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ideal raw material for the production of astaxanthin, H. pluvialis was drawing attention during the last few years, there are some research topics initiated to find out the synthetic pathway of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. In this study, confocal microscopic Raman technology was utilized to analyze the point-by-point mapping for H. pluvialis, and the visualization of pigment such as carotenoid and astaxanthin content were achieved. By comparing the Raman spectra of H. pluvialis and standard product of astaxanthin, and using the C = C stretching vibration of the Raman intensity as the main indicator for carotenoids, the visual spatial distribution for the carotenoids content was obtained. The MCR-ALS was applied to analyze the Raman data of H. pluvialis, and the information of astaxanthin was extracted to achieve real-time spatial distribution. The visualization of astaxanthin content shows that MCR-ALS is very effective for extracting the information of astaxanthin content from H. pluvialis. By exploring the spatial distribution of carotenoids and astaxanthin contents, analyzing the spatial distribution rules during its growth, Raman spectroscopy technology can be utilized to investigate the internal components of the pigment (ataxanthin, etc.) in H. pluvialis, which make it as an effective methodology to monitor the accumulation and changing mechanism of pigment content in microalgae.
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Karuppan R, Javee A, Gopidas SK, Subramani N. Influence of agriculture fertilizer for the enhanced growth and astaxanthin production from Haematococcus lacustris RRGK isolated from Himachal Pradesh, India. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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35
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Furlan VJM, Batista I, Bandarra N, Mendes R, Cardoso C. Conditions for the Production of Carotenoids by Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC PRA-276. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1603175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irineu Batista
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Narcisa Bandarra
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Mendes
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Lisboa, Portugal
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Janchot K, Rauytanapanit M, Honda M, Hibino T, Sirisattha S, Praneenararat T, Kageyama H, Waditee‐Sirisattha R. Effects of Potassium Chloride‐Induced Stress on the Carotenoids Canthaxanthin, Astaxanthin, and Lipid Accumulations in the Green Chlorococcal Microalga StrainTISTR9500. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:778-787. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kantima Janchot
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Monrawat Rauytanapanit
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Meijo University Nagoya 468‐8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Hibino
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Meijo University Nagoya 468‐8502 Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences Meijo University Nagoya 468‐8502 Japan
| | - Sophon Sirisattha
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR) Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Thanit Praneenararat
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Hakuto Kageyama
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Meijo University Nagoya 468‐8502 Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences Meijo University Nagoya 468‐8502 Japan
| | - Rungaroon Waditee‐Sirisattha
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Sun D, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Cheng KW, Chen F. Light induces carotenoids accumulation in a heterotrophic docosahexaenoic acid producing microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 276:177-182. [PMID: 30623873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of various light conditions on carotenoid accumulation in a novel heterotrophic microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN was investigated. The results showed that C. sp. SUN mainly produced γ-carotene and β-carotene. The total carotenoid content could reach to 12.8 mg g-1 dry weight under high light intensity (100 μmol m-2 s-1), which was >100-fold higher than that under dark condition. Besides, along with the light intensity increased, the ROS level in vivo was decreased at 48 h and 72 h. Further study showed that, light could efficiently promote the gene expression of PSY and LCYb, which explain the molecular mechanisms of carotenoids accumulation under light conditions. Meanwhile, slightly inhibited fatty acids accumulation could promote the carotenoids yield. The present work proposed that C. sp. SUN could be a potential carotenoid producer, and provided valuable insight for carotenoids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Sun
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Accumulation of Astaxanthin Was Improved by the Nonmotile Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8101762. [PMID: 30868075 PMCID: PMC6379868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current commercial production of natural astaxanthin is mainly carried out using Haematococcus pluvialis vegetative cells in the "two-stage" batch mode. The motile vegetative cells are more sensitive to stress than nonmotile vegetative cells, thereby affecting the overall astaxanthin productivity in H. pluvialis cultures. In this study, we compared the differences between motile cells and nonmotile cells in astaxanthin productivity, morphological changes, the mortality rate, and the diameter of the formed cysts. The experimental design was achieved by two different types H. pluvialis cell under continuous light of 80 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for a 9-day induction period. The highest astaxanthin concentration of 48.42 ± 3.13 mg L-1 was obtained in the nonmotile cell cultures with the highest the productivity of 5.04 ± 0.15 mg L-1 day-1, which was significantly higher than that in the motile cell cultures. The microscopic examination of cell morphological showed a large number of photooxidative damaged cells occurring in the motile cell cultures, resulting in higher cell mortality rate (22.2 ± 3.97%) than nonmotile cell cultures (9.6 ± 0.63%). In addition, the analysis results of cell diameter statistics indicated that nonmotile cells were more conducive to the formation of large astaxanthin-rich cysts than motile cells. In conclusion, the works presented here suggest that the accumulation of astaxanthin was significantly improved by nonmotile cells of H. pluvialis, which provided a possibility of optimizing the existing H. pluvialis cultivation strategy for the industrial production.
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Differential transcriptional responses of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in the marine green alga Tetraselmis suecica exposed to redox and non-redox active metals. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1167-1179. [PMID: 30649658 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-04583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The green microalga, Tetraselmis suecica, is commonly used in scientific, industrial, and aquacultural purposes because of its high stress tolerance and ease of culture in wide spectrums of environments. We hypothesized that carotenoids help to protect Tetraselmis cells from environmental stress by regulating genes in biosynthetic pathways. Here, we determined three major carotenogenic genes, phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and β-lycopene cyclase (LCY-B) in T. suecica, and examined the physiological parameters and gene expression responses when exposed to redox-active metals and non-redox-active metals. Phylogenetic analyses of each gene indicated that T. suecica clustered well with other green algae. Real-time PCR analysis showed that TsPSY, TsPDS, and TsLCY-B genes greatly responded to the redox-active metals in CuSO4 followed by CuCl2, but not to the non-redox-active metals. The redox-active metals strongly affected the physiology of the cells, as determined by cell counting, reactive oxygen species (ROS) imaging, and photosynthetic efficiency. This suggests that carotenoids protect the cells from oxidative damage caused by metals, thereby contributing to cell survival under various stress conditions.
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40
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Li F, Cai M, Lin M, Huang X, Wang J, Ke H, Zheng X, Chen D, Wang C, Wu S, An Y. Differences between Motile and Nonmotile Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis in the Production of Astaxanthin at Different Light Intensities. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17010039. [PMID: 30634492 PMCID: PMC6356902 DOI: 10.3390/md17010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis, as the best natural resource of astaxanthin, is widely used in nutraceuticals, aquaculture, and cosmetic industries. The purpose of this work was to compare the differences in astaxanthin accumulation between motile and nonmotile cells of H. pluvialis and to determine the relationship between the two cells and astaxanthin production. The experiment design was achieved by two different types of H. pluvialis cell and three different light intensities for an eight day induction period. The astaxanthin concentrations in nonmotile cell cultures were significantly increased compared to motile cell cultures. The increase of astaxanthin was closely associated with the enlargement of cell size, and the nonmotile cells were more conducive to the formation of large astaxanthin-rich cysts than motile cells. The cyst enlargement and astaxanthin accumulation of H. pluvialis were both affected by light intensity, and a general trend was that the higher the light intensity, the larger the cysts formed, and the larger the quantity of astaxanthin accumulated. In addition, the relatively low cell mortality rate in the nonmotile cell cultures indicated that the nonmotile cells have a stronger tolerance to photooxidative stress. We suggest that applying nonmotile cells as the major cell type of H. pluvialis to the induction period may help to enhance the content of astaxanthin and the stability of astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- The Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Applied Technology, Xiamen 361101, China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Minggang Cai
- The Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Applied Technology, Xiamen 361101, China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Mingwei Lin
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Xianghu Huang
- College of fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Hongwei Ke
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Xuehong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Applied Technology, Xiamen 361101, China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Ding Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Applied Technology, Xiamen 361101, China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Applied Technology, Xiamen 361101, China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Shaoting Wu
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Yu An
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
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Role of media composition in biomass and astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis under two-stage cultivation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:593-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-02064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Lao YM, Jin H, Zhou J, Zhang HJ, Zhu XS, Cai ZH. A Novel Hydrolytic Activity of Tri-Functional Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase in Haematococcus pluvialis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2536-2548. [PMID: 30137453 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Under environmental stresses, Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large amounts of carotenoids. Scale of carotenoid biosynthesis depends on availability of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) precursor, which is supplied by GGPP synthase (GGPPS) through sequential 1'-4 condensation of three isopentenyl pyrophosphates (IPPs) into dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Using IPP and DMAPP as substrates, a tri-functional HpGGPPS was identified in this study to promiscuously synthesize allylic prenyl pyrophosphates (PPPs), e.g. C10 geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), C15 farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), and C20 GGPP. Intriguingly, HpGGPPS can utilize GPP or FPP as a single substrate to synthesize GGPP by hydrolyzing the allylic PPP substrate into C5 IPP. Transcription of HpGGPPS and key carotenogenesis genes, morphological transformation, and carotenoid biosynthesis were differentially induced by environmental stresses, while HpGGPPS's products were low in vivo, implying that most of PPP flux had been shunted into carotenoid biosynthesis. Hydrolyzing allylic PPP intermediates into C5 building blocks by promiscuous HpGGPPS may be a fail safe for carotenoid accumulation against environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Min Lao
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening & Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening & Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening & Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huai Jin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Shan Zhu
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Hua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening & Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Ding W, Zhao Y, Xu JW, Zhao P, Li T, Ma H, Reiter RJ, Yu X. Melatonin: A Multifunctional Molecule That Triggers Defense Responses against High Light and Nitrogen Starvation Stress in Haematococcus pluvialis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7701-7711. [PMID: 29975059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT), a ubiquitously distributed small molecule, functions in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the interactions between melatonin and other important molecules in Haematococcus pluvialis response stresses are largely unknown. In the present study, exogenous melatonin improved H. pluvialis resistance to nitrogen starvation and high light. We concluded that exogenous melatonin treatment prevented the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and limited cell damage induced by abiotic stress through activation of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants. Astaxanthin, a major antioxidant in H. pluvialis cells, exhibited a 2.25-fold increase in content after treatment with melatonin. The maximal astaxanthin content was 32.4 mg g-1. The functional roles of the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway induced by melatonin were also evaluated. The results clearly indicate that cAMP signaling pathways are positively associated with microalgal astaxanthin biosynthesis. Additionally, the NO-dependent MAPK signaling cascade is activated in response to astaxanthin accumulation induced by melatonin, confirming that MAPK is a target of NO action in physiological processes. This work is the first to use H. pluvialis as in vivo model and documents the influence of melatonin on the physiological response to abiotic stress in this microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , China
| | - Huixian Ma
- School of Foreign Languages , Kunming University , Kunming 650200 , China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology , University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , Texas 78229 , United States
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , China
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Carotenoid dynamics and lipid droplet containing astaxanthin in response to light in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5617. [PMID: 29618734 PMCID: PMC5884812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large amounts of the red ketocarotenoid astaxanthin to protect against environmental stresses. Haematococcus cells that accumulate astaxanthin in the central part (green-red cyst cells) respond rapidly to intense light by distributing astaxanthin diffusively to the peripheral part of the cell within 10 min after irradiation. This response is reversible: when astaxanthin-diffused cells were placed in the dark, astaxanthin was redistributed to the center of the cell. Although Haematococcus possesses several pigments other that astaxanthin, the subcellular distribution and content of each pigment remain unknown. Here, we analyzed the subcellular dynamics and localization of major pigments such as astaxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, and chlorophylls under light irradiation using time-lapse and label-free hyperspectral imaging analysis. Fluorescence microscopy and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy showed that, preceding/following exposure to light, astaxanthin colocalized with lipid droplets, which moved from the center to the periphery through pathways in a chloroplast. This study revealed that photoresponse dynamics differed between astaxanthin and other pigments (chlorophylls, lutein, and β-carotene), and that only astaxanthin freely migrates from the center to the periphery of the cell through a large, spherical, cytoplasm-encapsulating chloroplast as a lipid droplet. We consider this to be the Haematococcus light-protection mechanism.
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Saha M, Goecke F, Bhadury P. Minireview: algal natural compounds and extracts as antifoulants. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 30:1859-1874. [PMID: 29899600 PMCID: PMC5982446 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a paramount phenomenon in the marine environment and causes serious problems to maritime industries worldwide. Marine algae are known to produce a wide variety of chemical compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, antialgal, and anti-macrofouling properties, inhibiting the settlement and growth of other marine fouling organisms. Significant investigations and progress have been made in this field in the last two decades and several antifouling extracts and compounds have been isolated from micro- and macroalgae. In this minireview, we have summarized and evaluated antifouling compounds isolated and identified from macroalgae and microalgae between January 2010 and June 2016. Future directions for their commercialization through metabolic engineering and industrial scale up have been discussed. Upon comparing biogeographical regions, investigations from Southeast Asian waters were found to be rather scarce. Thus, we have also discussed the need to conduct more chemical ecology based research in relatively less explored areas with high algal biodiversity like Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Saha
- Benthic Ecology, Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research, Düsternbrooker weg, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Present Address: School of Biological Science, University of Essex, Colchester, CO 43 SQ, UK
| | - Franz Goecke
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science (IPV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Punyasloke Bhadury
- Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
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Li K, Cheng J, Ye Q, He Y, Zhou J, Cen K. In vivo kinetics of lipids and astaxanthin evolution in Haematococcus pluvialis mutant under 15% CO 2 using Raman microspectroscopy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1439-1444. [PMID: 28533068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of lipids and astaxanthin evolution in Haematococcus pluvialis mutant induced with 15% CO2 and high light intensity were monitored with high spatial resolution in a non-destructive and label-free manner using single-cell Raman imaging. Astaxanthin intensity increased by 3.5 times within 12h under 15% CO2, and the accumulation rate was 5.8 times higher than that under air. Lipids intensity under 15% CO2 was 27% higher than that under air. The lipids initially concentrated in chloroplast under 15% CO2 due to an increase of directly photosynthetic fatty acid, which was different from the whole-cell dispersed lipids under air. Astaxanthin produced in chloroplast first accumulated around nucleus and then spread in cytoplasmic lipids under both air and 15% CO2. The calculation results of kinetic models for lipids and astaxanthin evolutions showed that accumulation rate of lipids was much higher than that of astaxanthin in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Wang L, Li B, Li L, Xu F, Xu Z, Wei D, Feng Y, Wang Y, Jia D, Zhou Y. Ultrahigh-yield synthesis of N-doped carbon nanodots that down-regulate ROS in zebrafish. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7848-7860. [PMID: 32264386 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage induced by accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) could result in increased chronic inflammation and thus ageing and age-related diseases. Carbonaceous nanodrugs hold great promise for ameliorating age-related diseases, and it is necessary to develop ultrahigh-yield synthesis of such nanodrugs. To improve the synthetic yield (less than 50%) of carbon nanodots (CNDs), the general choice is to screen precursors. However, no reliable concept for improving the yield has been explored over the past few decades. We are the first to propose the concept of using carbon-carbon double bonds to boost the synthetic yield and demonstrate record breaking ultrahigh-yield (85.9%) synthesis of N-doped CNDs. When the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C content increased from 14 to 56 mmol, the synthetic yield exhibited a 3.3-fold increase. Nitrogen elements are doped as pyridinic-like N and NH2, where conjugated π-systems as electron donors and pyridinic-like structures would benefit the potential down-regulated effect for ROS. N-doped CNDs exhibit an outstanding protective effect against oxidative stress via inhibiting exogenous and endogenous ROS generation, where the ROS in zebrafish are significantly reduced by 68%. Hence the concept of carbon-carbon double bond-boosted ultrahigh-yield synthesis of N-doped CNDs provides a promising strategy to be employed for carbonaceous nanodrugs aiming at preventing and curing ageing and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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Ng I, Tan S, Kao P, Chang Y, Chang J. Recent Developments on Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Biofuels and Bio‐Based Chemicals. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I‐Son Ng
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Shih‐I Tan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Hsun Kao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Kaung Chang
- Graduate School of Biochemical EngineeringMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei City24301Taiwan
| | - Jo‐Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
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Solovchenko A, Neverov K. Carotenogenic response in photosynthetic organisms: a colorful story. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:31-47. [PMID: 28251441 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a diverse group of terpenoid pigments ubiquitous in and essential for functioning of phototrophs. Most of the researchers in the field are focused on the primary carotenoids serving light harvesting, photoprotection, and supporting the structural integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) within the thylakoid membranes. A distinct group of the pigments functionally and structurally uncoupled from the PSA and accumulating outside of the thylakoids is called secondary carotenoids. Induction of the biosynthesis and massive accumulation of the latter termed as secondary carotenogenesis and carotenogenic response (CR), respectively, is a major though insufficiently studied stress response discovered in many phototrophic organisms ranging from single-celled algae to terrestrial higher plants. The CR protects cell by means of optical shielding of cell structures vulnerable photodamage, consumption of potentially harmful dioxygen, augmenting sink capacity of photoassimilates, and exerting an antioxidant effect. The secondary carotenoids exhibit a remarkable photostability in situ. Therefore, the CR-based photoprotective mechanism, unlike, e.g., antioxidant enzyme-based protection in the chloroplast, does not require continuous investment of energy and metabolites making it highly suitable for long-term stress acclimation in phototrophs. Capability of the CR determines the strategy of acclimation of photosynthetic organisms to different stresses such as excessive irradiance, drought, extreme temperatures, and salinities. Build-up of the CR might be accompanied by gradual disengagement of 'classical' active (energy-dependent) photoprotective mechanisms such as non-photochemical quenching. In addition to that, the CR has great ecological significance. Illustrious examples of this are extremely stress-tolerant 'snow' algae and conifer species developing red coloration during winter. The CR has also considerable practical implications since the secondary carotenoids exert a plethora of beneficial effects on human and animal health. The carotenogenic microalgae are the richest biotechnological sources of natural value-added carotenoids such as astaxanthin and β-carotene. In the present review, we summarize current functional, mechanistic, and ecological insights into the CR in a broad range of organisms suggesting that it is obviously more widespread and important stress response than it is currently thought to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 127276.
| | - Konstantin Neverov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 117071
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Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as a natural photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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