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Tariq A, Zeng F, Graciano C, Ullah A, Sadia S, Ahmed Z, Murtaza G, Ismoilov K, Zhang Z. Regulation of Metabolites by Nutrients in Plants. PLANT IONOMICS 2023:1-18. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119803041.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Lin ZH, Chen CS, Zhao SQ, Liu Y, Zhong QS, Ruan QC, Chen ZH, You XM, Shan RY, Li XL, Zhang YZ. Molecular and physiological mechanisms of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaf and root in response to nitrogen deficiency. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:27. [PMID: 36650452 PMCID: PMC9847173 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an economically important crop, tea is strongly nitrogen (N)-dependent. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of N deficiency in tea are not fully understood. Tea cultivar "Chunlv2" [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] were cultured with a nutrient solution with 0 mM [N-deficiency] or 3 mM (Control) NH4NO3 in 6 L pottery pots containing clean river sands. RESULTS N deficiency significantly decreased N content, dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl) content, L-theanine and the activities of N metabolism-related enzymes, but increased the content of total flavonoids and polyphenols in tea leaves. N deficiency delayed the sprouting time of tea buds. By using the RNA-seq technique and subsequent bioinformatics analysis, 3050 up-regulated and 2688 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were isolated in tea leaves in response to N deficiency. However, only 1025 genes were up-regulated and 744 down-regulated in roots. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis showed that 205 DEGs in tea leaves were enriched in seven GO terms and 152 DEGs in tea roots were enriched in 11 GO items based on P < 0.05. In tea leaves, most GO-enriched DEGs were involved in chlorophyll a/b binding activities, photosynthetic performance, and transport activities. But most of the DEGs in tea roots were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and plant hormones with regard to the GO terms of biological processes. N deficiency significantly increased the expression level of phosphate transporter genes, which indicated that N deficiency might impair phosphorus metabolism in tea leaves. Furthermore, some DEGs, such as probable anion transporter 3 and high-affinity nitrate transporter 2.7, might be of great potential in improving the tolerance of N deficiency in tea plants and further study could work on this area in the future. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated N deficiency inhibited the growth of tea plant, which might be due to altered N metabolism and expression levels of DEGs involved in the photosynthetic performance, transport activity and oxidation-reduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-He Lin
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Chang-Song Chen
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Shui-Qing Zhao
- Laixi Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong Province, Laixi, 266699 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laixi Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong Province, Laixi, 266699 China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Zhong
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Qi-Chun Ruan
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Xiao-Mei You
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Rui-Yang Shan
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Xin-Lei Li
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Ya-Zhen Zhang
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
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Peinado-Torrubia P, Álvarez R, Lucas M, Franco-Navarro JD, Durán-Gutiérrez FJ, Colmenero-Flores JM, Rosales MA. Nitrogen assimilation and photorespiration become more efficient under chloride nutrition as a beneficial macronutrient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1058774. [PMID: 36704154 PMCID: PMC9871469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1058774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) and nitrate ( NO 3 - ) are closely related anions involved in plant growth. Their similar physical and chemical properties make them to interact in cellular processes like electrical balance and osmoregulation. Since both anions share transport mechanisms, Cl- has been considered to antagonize NO 3 - uptake and accumulation in plants. However, we have recently demonstrated that Cl- provided at beneficial macronutrient levels improves nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE). Biochemical mechanisms by which beneficial Cl- nutrition improves NUE in plants are poorly understood. First, we determined that Cl- nutrition at beneficial macronutrient levels did not impair the NO 3 - uptake efficiency, maintaining similar NO 3 - content in the root and in the xylem sap. Second, leaf NO 3 - content was significantly reduced by the treatment of 6 mM Cl- in parallel with an increase in NO 3 - utilization and NUE. To verify whether Cl- nutrition reduces leaf NO 3 - accumulation by inducing its assimilation, we analysed the content of N forms and the activity of different enzymes and genes involved in N metabolism. Chloride supply increased transcript accumulation and activity of most enzymes involved in NO 3 - assimilation into amino acids, along with a greater accumulation of organic N (mostly proteins). A reduced glycine/serine ratio and a greater ammonium accumulation pointed to a higher activity of the photorespiration pathway in leaves of Cl--treated plants. Chloride, in turn, promoted higher transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes of the photorespiration pathway. Accordingly, microscopy observations suggested strong interactions between different cellular organelles involved in photorespiration. Therefore, in this work we demonstrate for the first time that the greater NO 3 - utilization and NUE induced by beneficial Cl- nutrition is mainly due to the stimulation of NO 3 - assimilation and photorespiration, possibly favouring the production of ammonia, reductants and intermediates that optimize C-N re-utilization and plant growth. This work demonstrates new Cl- functions and remarks on its relevance as a potential tool to manipulate NUE in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Procopio Peinado-Torrubia
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Lucas
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Juan D. Franco-Navarro
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Durán-Gutiérrez
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - José M. Colmenero-Flores
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rosales
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
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Rosales MA, Franco-Navarro JD, Peinado-Torrubia P, Díaz-Rueda P, Álvarez R, Colmenero-Flores JM. Chloride Improves Nitrate Utilization and NUE in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:442. [PMID: 32528483 PMCID: PMC7264407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) has traditionally been considered harmful to agriculture because of its toxic effects in saline soils and its antagonistic interaction with nitrate (NO3 -), which impairs NO3 - nutrition. It has been largely believed that Cl- antagonizes NO3 - uptake and accumulation in higher plants, reducing crop yield. However, we have recently uncovered that Cl- has new beneficial macronutrient, functions that improve plant growth, tissue water balance, plant water relations, photosynthetic performance, and water-use efficiency. The increased plant biomass indicates in turn that Cl- may also improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Considering that N availability is a bottleneck for the plant growth, the excessive NO3 - fertilization frequently used in agriculture becomes a major environmental concern worldwide, causing excessive leaf NO3 - accumulation in crops like vegetables and, consequently, a potential risk to human health. New farming practices aimed to enhance plant NUE by reducing NO3 - fertilization should promote a healthier and more sustainable agriculture. Given the strong interaction between Cl- and NO3 - homeostasis in plants, we have verified if indeed Cl- affects NO3 - accumulation and NUE in plants. For the first time to our knowledge, we provide a direct demonstration which shows that Cl-, contrary to impairing of NO3 - nutrition, facilitates NO3 - utilization and improves NUE in plants. This is largely due to Cl- improvement of the N-NO3 - utilization efficiency (NUTE), having little or moderate effect on N-NO3 - uptake efficiency (NUPE) when NO3 - is used as the sole N source. Clear positive correlations between leaf Cl- content vs. NUE/NUTE or plant growth have been established at both intra- and interspecies levels. Optimal NO3 - vs. Cl- ratios become a useful tool to increase crop yield and quality, agricultural sustainability and reducing the negative ecological impact of NO3 - on the environment and on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Rosales
- Grupo Regulación Iónica e Hídrica en Plantas, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratorio Interdepartamental de Ecofisiología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Juan D. Franco-Navarro
- Grupo Regulación Iónica e Hídrica en Plantas, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- BioScripts – Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Recursos Científicos, Seville, Spain
| | - Procopio Peinado-Torrubia
- Grupo Regulación Iónica e Hídrica en Plantas, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz-Rueda
- Grupo Regulación Iónica e Hídrica en Plantas, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M. Colmenero-Flores
- Grupo Regulación Iónica e Hídrica en Plantas, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratorio Interdepartamental de Ecofisiología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
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Guo H, Wang H, Liu Q, An H, Liu C, Xia X, Yin W. 15N-labeled ammonium nitrogen uptake and physiological responses of poplar exposed to PM 2.5 particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:500-508. [PMID: 27730508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution caused by particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a serious environmental problem. Plants can improve air quality by removing PM2.5 from the atmosphere. However, direct evidence of PM2.5 absorption and assimilation into plants has not yet been found. In this study, we demonstrate that 15NH4+ in PM2.5 was absorbed by poplar leaves in low and high PM2.5 treatment groups (namely, LPT and HPT). Then, 15N was subsequently transferred to other parts of the treated seedlings as shown by 15N tracing and simulated PM2.5 generation. 15N and total N contents were the highest in high pollution treatment (HPT), followed by that in low pollution treatment (LPT) and the control. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) contributed more to NH4+ assimilation than glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in the leaves of treated seedlings. GDH aminating activity was induced upon NH4+ exposure whereas GDH deaminating activity was repressed in both LPT and HPT, suggesting that poplar seedlings can alleviate NH4+ toxicity by enhancing NH4+ assimilation. At the end of PM2.5 treatment period, the decreased amino acid content in the treated seedlings was attributed to the probably altered balance of amino acid metabolism. The decline in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was accompanied by the decrease in the stomatal conductance in poplar leaves with the extension of PM2.5 treatment time, indicating that stomatal limitation is a major reason for Pn reduction. This study may provide novel insights into the relationship between PM2.5 pollution and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Guo
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qingqian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hailong An
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Weilun Yin
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Zerche S, Haensch KT, Druege U, Hajirezaei MR. Nitrogen remobilisation facilitates adventitious root formation on reversible dark-induced carbohydrate depletion in Petunia hybrida. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:219. [PMID: 27724871 PMCID: PMC5056478 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious root (AR) formation in axillary shoot tip cuttings is a crucial physiological process for ornamental propagation that is utilised in global production chains for young plants. In this process, the nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolisms of a cutting are regulated by its total nitrogen content (Nt), dark exposure during transport and irradiance levels at distinct production sites and phases through a specific plasticity to readjust metabolite pools. Here, we examined how elevated Nt contents with a combined dark exposure of cuttings influence their internal N-pools including free amino acids and considered early anatomic events of AR formation as well as further root development in Petunia hybrida cuttings. RESULTS Enhanced Nt contents of unrooted cuttings resulted in elevated total free amino acid levels and in particular glutamate (glu) and glutamine (gln) in leaf and basal stem. N-allocation to mobile N-pools increased whereas the allocation to insoluble protein-N declined. A dark exposure of cuttings conserved initial Nt and nitrate-N, while it reduced insoluble protein-N and increased soluble protein, amino- and amide-N. The increase of amino acids mainly comprised asparagine (asn), aspartate (asp) and arginine (arg) in the leaves, with distinct tissue specific responses to an elevated N supply. Dark exposure induced an early transient rise of asp followed by a temporary increase of glu. A strong positive N effect of high Nt contents of cuttings on AR formation after 384 h was observed. Root meristematic cells developed at 72 h with a negligible difference for two Nt levels. After 168 h, an enhanced Nt accelerated AR formation and gave rise to first obvious fully developed roots while only meristems were formed with a low Nt. However, dark exposure for 168 h promoted AR formation particularly in cuttings with a low Nt to such an extent so that the benefit of the enhanced Nt was almost compensated. Combined dark exposure and low Nt of cuttings strongly reduced shoot growth during AR formation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that both enhanced Nt content and dark exposure of cuttings reinforced N signals and mobile N resources in the stem base facilitated by senescence-related proteolysis in leaves. Based on our results, a model of N mobilisation concomitant with carbohydrate depletion and its significance for AR formation is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Zerche
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable & Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Kuehnhaeuser Str. 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus-Thomas Haensch
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable & Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Kuehnhaeuser Str. 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Druege
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable & Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Kuehnhaeuser Str. 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Molecular Plant Nutrition, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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Kováčik J, Klejdus B, Babula P, Jarošová M. Variation of antioxidants and secondary metabolites in nitrogen-deficient barley plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:260-8. [PMID: 24054753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Bojos) plants cultured in low nitrogen (N) containing Hoagland solution (20 mg/l) were exposed to N deficiency (-N) over 15 days. Plants revealed relatively high tolerance to total N deficit because shoot length was not altered and dry biomass was depleted by ca. 30% while root length increased by ca. 50% and dry biomass remained unaffected. Soluble proteins and free amino acids decreased more pronouncedly in the roots. Antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbic acid) decreased in the shoots but increased or were not affected in the roots. Ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were depleted in shoots and/or roots while guaiacol peroxidase activity was stimulated in the shoots. In accordance, fluorescence signal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide was elevated in shoots but no extensive changes were observed in roots if +N and -N treatments are compared. At the level of phenolic metabolites, slight increase in soluble phenols and some phenolic acids and strong elevation of flavonoid homoorientin was found in the shoots but not in the roots. Fluorescence microscopy in terms of detection of phenols is also discussed. We also briefly discussed accuracy of quantification of some parameters owing to discrepancies in the literature. It is concluded that N deficiency induces increase in shoot phenolics but also elevates symptoms of oxidative stress while increase in root antioxidants probably contributes to ROS homeostasis aimed to maintain root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Bořivoj Klejdus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Jarošová
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kováčik J, Klejdus B. Induction of phenolic metabolites and physiological changes in chamomile plants in relation to nitrogen nutrition. Food Chem 2013; 142:334-41. [PMID: 24001850 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alternative tools, such as the manipulation of mineral nutrition, may affect secondary metabolite production and thus the nutritional value of food/medicinal plants. We studied the impact of nitrogen (N) nutrition (nitrate/NO3(-) or ammonium/NH4(+) nitrogen) and subsequent nitrogen deficit on phenolic metabolites and physiology in Matricaria chamomilla plants. NH4(+)-fed plants revealed a strong induction of selected phenolic metabolites but, at the same time, growth, Fv/Fm, tissue water content and soluble protein depletion occurred in comparison with NO3(-)-fed ones. On the other hand, NO3(-)-deficient plants also revealed an increase in phenolic metabolites but growth depression was not observed after the given exposure period. Free amino acids were more accumulated in NH4(+)-fed shoots (strong increase in arginine and proline mainly), while the pattern of roots' accumulation was independent of N form. Among phenolic acids, NH4(+) strongly elevated mainly the accumulation of chlorogenic acid. Within flavonoids, flavonols decreased while flavones strongly increased in response to N deficiency. Coumarin-related metabolites revealed a similar increase in herniarin glucosidic precursor in response to N deficiency, while herniarin was more accumulated in NO3(-)- and umbelliferone in NH4(+)-cultured plants. These data indicate a negative impact of NH4(+) as the only source of N on physiology, but also a higher stimulation of some valuable phenols. Nitrogen-induced changes in comparison with other food/crop plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Yang H, Xu L, Cui H, Zhong B, Liu G, Shi H. Low nitrogen-induced expression of cyclophilin in Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 126:121-9. [PMID: 22760586 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphology and the leaf protein expression profiles of flue-cured tobacco grown in central Henan province of China under low nitrogen (low-N) and normal nitrogen (normal-N) nutrition were examined. The leaf length and width were measured at 50, 60, and 70 days after transplanting. Leaves grown under low-N conditions were shorter and more narrow than those grown under normal-N conditions. The protein expression profiles of tobacco leaves harvested at 70 days after transplanting were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and five differentially expressed proteins including a putative protein were identified. Except for the MCM protein-like protein, the other three differentially expressed proteins of cyclophilin-like protein, vacuolar invertase INV2, MAR-binding protein and the one putative protein showed increased expression in the low-N nutrition group. Among these proteins, the cyclophilin-like protein, which is a stress-responsive signal protein, may play pivotal roles in regulating leaf development under stress conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of the cyclophilin-like protein at day 50, 60 and 70 under low-N conditions was 0.90, 1.43 and 6.9-fold higher than that under normal-N conditions, indicating that the gene expression of cyclophilin-like protein was strongly induced by low-N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
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Rubio-Wilhelmi MDM, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Leyva R, Blasco B, Romero L, Blumwald E, Ruiz JM. Response of carbon and nitrogen-rich metabolites to nitrogen deficiency in PSARK::IPT tobacco plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 57:231-7. [PMID: 22738868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wild type (WT) and transgenic tobacco plants expressing isopentenyltransferase (IPT), a gene coding the rate-limiting step in cytokinin (CKs) synthesis, were grown under limited nitrogen (N) conditions. Here, we analyse the possible effect of N deficiency on C-rich compounds such as phenolic compounds, as well as on N-rich compounds such as polyamines (PAs) and proline (Pro), examining the pathways involved in their synthesis and degradation. N deficiency was found to stimulate phenolic metabolism and increase these compounds both in P(SARK):IPT as well as in WT tobacco plants. This suggests that nitrate (NO(3)(-)) tissue concentration may act as a signal triggering phenolic compound accumulation in N deficiency plants. In addition, we found the maintenance of PAs in the WT plants would be correlated with the higher stress response to N deficiency. On the contrary, the reduction of free PAs and Pro found in the P(SARK)::IPT plants subjected to N deficiency would indicate the operation of an N-recycling mechanism that could stimulate a more efficient N utilization in P(SARK)::IPT plants.
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Kováčik J, Klejdus B, Hedbavny J, Stork F, Grúz J. Modulation of copper uptake and toxicity by abiotic stresses in Matricaria chamomilla plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6755-6763. [PMID: 22703521 DOI: 10.1021/jf3013426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of salinity (S) or nitrogen deficiency (-N) on copper (Cu) uptake and changes to metabolism were studied in the combined treatments after 7 days of exposure. S suppressed growth, water content, soluble proteins, and reducing sugars more negatively than -N. ROS (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide) were differentially but relatively slightly affected while peroxidase activities were strongly elevated mainly in Cu+NaCl variant. Total soluble phenols and individual phenolic acids (free and cell wall-bound fraction) were accumulated the most in Cu-N while, among free amino acids, proline sharply increased in Cu+NaCl; this suggests a compensatory mechanism between the syntheses of antioxidants aimed to maintain antioxidative protection because numerous root phenolic acids were even depressed by S. Salinity also suppressed accumulation of coumarin herniarin, but its glucosidic precursors ((Z)- and (E)-2-ß-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acids) increased. Activities of selected phenolic enzymes were rather suppressed by S after a given exposure period while lignin content increased, suggesting different time dynamics if S and -N variants are compared. Selected mineral nutrients (K, Fe, and partially Mg) were more reduced by S than by -N. Shoot and root Cu amounts were depressed by -N but elevated by S. Significance and possible role of observed metabolic changes in relation to Cu accumulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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