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Chen J, Wang Y. Understanding the salinity resilience and productivity of halophytes in saline environments. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112171. [PMID: 38969140 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The escalating salinity levels in cultivable soil pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity and, consequently, human sustenance. This problem is being exacerbated by natural processes and human activities, coinciding with a period of rapid population growth. Developing halophytic crops is needed to ensure food security is not impaired and land resources can be used sustainably. Evolution has created many close halophyte relatives of our major glycophytic crops, such as Puccinellia tenuiflora (relative of barley and wheat), Oryza coarctata (relative of rice) and Glycine soja (relative of soybean). There are also some halophytes have been subjected to semi-domestication and are considered as minor crops, such as Chenopodium quinoa. In this paper, we examine the prevailing comprehension of robust salinity resilience in halophytes. We summarize the existing strategies and technologies that equip researchers with the means to enhance the salt tolerance capabilities of primary crops and investigate the genetic makeup of halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Dalian Practical Biotechnology Co. LTD., Dalian, Liaoning 116200, China.
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Zhu S, Sun S, Zhao W, Yang X, Chen Z, Mao H, Sheng L. Comprehensive physiology and proteomics analysis revealed the resistance mechanism of rice (Oryza sativa L) to cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116413. [PMID: 38728942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium contamination can lead to a decrease in crop yield and quality. However, Cd-tolerant rice can improve rice resistance genes, improve crop tolerance to heavy metals, and protect plants from oxidative damage. In this study, Japonica rice: Chunyou 987 and Indica rice: Chuanzhong you 3607 were used to reveal the molecular response mechanism of Cd-tolerant rice under cadmium concentration of 3 mg/kg through comparative experiments combined with physiology and proteomics. The results showed that compared with indica rice, japonica rice showed more robust resistance to Cd stress and effectively retained many Cd ions in roots. Moreover, it enhanced its enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative stress mechanism, which increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 47.37%, 21.75%, and 55.42%, respectively. The contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant substances ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), proline (PRO), anthocyanins (OPC), and flavonoids were increased by 25.32%, 42.67%, 21.43%, 50.81%, 33.23%, and 72.16%, respectively. Through proteomics analysis, it was found that in response to the damage caused by cadmium stress, Japonica rice makes Photosynthesis functional proteins (psbO and PetH), Photosynthesis antenna proteins (LHCA and ASCAB9), Carbon fixation functional proteins (PEPC and OsAld), Porphyrin metabolism functional proteins (OsRCCR1 and SE5), Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate The expression of metabolism functional proteins (CATC and GLO4.) and Glutathione metabolism functional proteins (APX8 and OsGSTU13) were significantly up-regulated, which stimulated the antioxidant stress mechanism and photosynthetic system, and constructed a robust energy supply system to ensure the normal metabolic activities of life. Strengthening the mechanisms of plant homeostasis. In summary, this study revealed the molecular mechanism of tolerance to Cd stress in japonica rice, and the results of this study will provide a possible way to improve Cd-resistant rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixi Zhu
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Suxia Sun
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, Praha-Suchdol 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Huan Mao
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Luying Sheng
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
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Sixi Z, Sun S, Zhao W, Yang X, Mao H, Sheng L. Comprehensive physiology and proteomics analysis revealed the molecular toxicological mechanism of Se stress on indica and japonica rice. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142190. [PMID: 38685336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Selenium pollution can lead to a decrease in crop yield and quality. However, the toxicological mechanisms of high Se concentrations on crops remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological and proteomic molecular responses to Se stress in Oryza sativa. The results showed that under selenium stress, enzymatic activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in indica rice decreased by 61%, 28%, and 68%, respectively. The contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant substances ascorbic acid, glutathione, cysteine, proline, anthocyanidin, and flavonoids were decreased by 13%, 39%, 46%, 32%, 20%, and 5%, respectively, which significantly inhibited the antioxidant stress process of plants. At the same time, the results of proteomics analysis showed that rice seedlings, under Se stress, are involved in photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, carbon fixation, porphyrin metabolism, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate. The differentially expressed proteins in metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways showed a downward trend. It significantly inhibited the anti-oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and energy cycling process in plant cells, destroyed the homeostasis balance of rice plants, and inhibited the growth and development of rice. This finding reveals the molecular toxicological mechanism of Se stress on rice seedlings and provides a possible way to improve Se-resistant rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Sixi
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Suxia Sun
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Huan Mao
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Luying Sheng
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Zhu S, Sun S, Zhao W, Yang X, Mao H, Sheng L, Chen Z. Utilizing transcriptomics and proteomics to unravel key genes and proteins of Oryza sativa seedlings mediated by selenium in response to cadmium stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:360. [PMID: 38698342 PMCID: PMC11067083 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) pollution has declined crop yields and quality. Selenium (Se) is a beneficial mineral element that protects plants from oxidative damage, thereby improving crop tolerance to heavy metals. The molecular mechanism of Se-induced Cd tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) is not yet understood. This study aimed to elucidate the beneficial mechanism of Se (1 mg/kg) in alleviating Cd toxicity in rice seedlings. RESULTS Exogenous selenium addition significantly improved the toxic effect of cadmium stress on rice seedlings, increasing plant height and fresh weight by 20.53% and 34.48%, respectively, and increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid content by 16.68% and 15.26%, respectively. Moreover, the MDA, ·OH, and protein carbonyl levels induced by cadmium stress were reduced by 47.65%, 67.57%, and 56.43%, respectively. Cell wall metabolism, energy cycling, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in rice seedlings were significantly enhanced. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expressions of key functional genes psbQ, psbO, psaG, psaD, atpG, and PetH were significantly up-regulated under low-concentration Se treatment, which enhanced the energy metabolism process of photosystem I and photosystem II in rice seedlings. At the same time, the up-regulation of LHCA, LHCB family, and C4H1, PRX, and atp6 functional genes improved the ability of photon capture and heavy metal ion binding in plants. Combined with proteome analysis, the expression of functional proteins OsGSTF1, OsGSTU11, OsG6PDH4, OsDHAB1, CP29, and CabE was significantly up-regulated under Se, which enhanced photosynthesis and anti-oxidative stress mechanism in rice seedlings. At the same time, it regulates the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. It up-regulates the expression response process of IAA, ABA, and JAZ to activate the synergistic effect between each cell rapidly and jointly maintain the homeostasis balance. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the regulation process of Se-mediated critical metabolic pathways, functional genes, and proteins in rice under cadmium stress. They provided insights into the expression rules and dynamic response process of the Se-mediated plant resistance mechanism. This study provided the theoretical basis and technical support for crop safety in cropland ecosystems and cadmium-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixi Zhu
- College of Eco-Environment Engineering, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Suxia Sun
- College of Eco-Environment Engineering, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Eco-Environment Engineering, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Eco-Environment Engineering, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Huan Mao
- College of Eco-Environment Engineering, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Luying Sheng
- College of Eco-Environment Engineering, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, Prague-Suchdol, 16500, Czech Republic
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Liu H, Jiao Q, Fan L, Jiang Y, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P, Chen Y, Zhu M, Liu H, Zhao Y, Liu F, Liu S, Li G. Integrated physio-biochemical and transcriptomic analysis revealed mechanism underlying of Si-mediated alleviation to cadmium toxicity in wheat. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131366. [PMID: 37030231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination has resulted in serious reduction of crop yields. Silicon (Si), as a beneficial element, regulates plant growth to heavy metal toxicity mainly through reducing metal uptake and protecting plants from oxidative injury. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Si-mediated Cd toxicity in wheat has not been well understood. This study aimed to reveal the beneficial role of Si (1 mM) in alleviating Cd-induced toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. The results showed that exogenous supply of Si decreased Cd concentration by 67.45% (root) and 70.34% (shoot), and maintained ionic homeostasis through the function of important transporters, such as Lsi, ZIP, Nramp5 and HIPP. Si ameliorated Cd-induced photosynthetic performance inhibition through up-regulating photosynthesis-related genes and light harvesting-related genes. Si minimized Cd-induced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA contents by 46.62% (leaf) and 75.09% (root), and helped re-establish redox homeostasis by regulating antioxidant enzymes activities, AsA-GSH cycle and expression of relevant genes through signal transduction pathway. The results revealed molecular mechanism of Si-mediated wheat tolerance to Cd toxicity. Si fertilizer is suggested to be applied in Cd contaminated soil for food safety production as a beneficial and eco-friendly element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Qiujuan Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Lina Fan
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture & School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Mo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Haiping Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Gezi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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Gisriel CJ, Brudvig GW. Comparison of PsbQ and Psb27 in photosystem II provides insight into their roles. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:177-191. [PMID: 35001227 PMCID: PMC9271139 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the oxidation of water at its active site that harbors a high-valent inorganic Mn4CaOx cluster called the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Extrinsic subunits generally serve to protect the OEC from reductants and stabilize the structure, but diversity in the extrinsic subunits exists between phototrophs. Recent cryo-electron microscopy experiments have provided new molecular structures of PSII with varied extrinsic subunits. We focus on the extrinsic subunit PsbQ, that binds to the mature PSII complex, and on Psb27, an extrinsic subunit involved in PSII biogenesis. PsbQ and Psb27 share a similar binding site and have a four-helix bundle tertiary structure, suggesting they are related. Here, we use sequence alignments, structural analyses, and binding simulations to compare PsbQ and Psb27 from different organisms. We find no evidence that PsbQ and Psb27 are related despite their similar structures and binding sites. Evolutionary divergence within PsbQ homologs from different lineages is high, probably due to their interactions with other extrinsic subunits that themselves exhibit vast diversity between lineages. This may result in functional variation as exemplified by large differences in their calculated binding energies. Psb27 homologs generally exhibit less divergence, which may be due to stronger evolutionary selection for certain residues that maintain its function during PSII biogenesis and this is consistent with their more similar calculated binding energies between organisms. Previous experimental inconsistencies, low confidence binding simulations, and recent structural data suggest that Psb27 is likely to exhibit flexibility that may be an important characteristic of its activity. The analysis provides insight into the functions and evolution of PsbQ and Psb27, and an unusual example of proteins with similar tertiary structures and binding sites that probably serve different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Li N, Zhang Z, Gao S, Lv Y, Chen Z, Cao B, Xu K. Different responses of two Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) cultivars in photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure to salt and alkali stress. PLANTA 2021; 254:102. [PMID: 34671899 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salt and alkali stress affected the photosynthetic characteristics of Chinese cabbages. A salt-tolerant cultivar maintained its tolerance by ensuring the high ability of photosynthesis. The synthesis of organic acids and carbohydrates in leaves played important roles in improving the photosynthetic capacity of alkali-tolerant plants. Soil salinization has become an increasingly serious ecological problem, which limits the quality and yield of crops. As an important economic vegetable in winter, however, little is known about the response of Chinese cabbage to salt, alkali and salt-alkali stress in photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure. Thus, two Chinese cabbage cultivars, 'Qinghua' (salt-tolerant-alkali-sensitive) and 'Biyu' (salt-sensitive-alkali-tolerant) were investigated under stresses to clarify the similarities and differences between salt tolerance and alkali tolerance pathways in Chinese cabbage. We found that the root of Qinghua, the leaf ultrastructure and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) were not affected by salt stress. However, Biyu was seriously affected under salt stress. Its growth indexes decreased by between 60 and 30% compared with the control and the photosynthetic indexes were also seriously affected under salt stress. This indicated that the salt-tolerant cultivar Qinghua improved the photosynthetic fluorescence ability to promote the synthesis of organic matter resulting in salt tolerance. In contrast, under alkali treatment, the root of Biyu was affected by alkali stress, but could still maintain good growth, and root and leaf structure were not seriously affected and could maintain the normal operations. Biyu improved its tolerance by improving the water use efficiency, regulating the synthesis of organic acids and carbohydrates, ensuring the synthesis of organic matter and ensured the normal growth of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhihuan Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yao Lv
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Farhat N, Kouas W, Braun HP, Debez A. Stability of thylakoid protein complexes and preserving photosynthetic efficiency are crucial for the successful recovery of the halophyte Cakile maritima from high salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:177-190. [PMID: 34116337 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants native to extreme habitats often face changes in environmental conditions such as salinity level and water availability. In response, plants have evolved efficient mechanisms allowing them to survive or recover. In the present work, effects of high salinity and salt-stress release were studied on the halophyte Cakile maritima. Four week-old plants were either cultivated at 0 mM NaCl or 200 mM NaCl. After one month of treatment, plants were further irrigated at either 0 mM NaCl, 200 mM NaCl, or rewatered to 0 mM NaCl (stress release). Upon salt stress, C. maritima plants exhibited reduced biomass production and shoot hydration which were associated with a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll a and b. However, under the same stressful conditions a significant increase of anthocyanin and malonyldialdehyde concentrations was noticed. Salt-stressed plants were able to maintain stable protein complexes of thylakoid membranes. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state showed that PSI was more susceptible for damage by salinity than PSII. PSII machinery was significantly enhanced under saline conditions. All measured parameters were partially restored under salt-stress release conditions. Photoinhibition of PSI was also reversible and C. maritima was able to successfully re-establish PSI machinery indicating the high contribution of chloroplasts in salt tolerance mechanisms of C. maritima. Overall, to overcome high salinity stress, C. maritima sets a cascade of physio-biochemical and molecular pathways. Chloroplasts seem to act as metabolic centers as part of this adaptive process enabling growth restoration in this halophyte following salt stress release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nèjia Farhat
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wafa Kouas
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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Hameed A, Ahmed MZ, Hussain T, Aziz I, Ahmad N, Gul B, Nielsen BL. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:2023. [PMID: 34440792 PMCID: PMC8395010 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Manaa A, Goussi R, Derbali W, Cantamessa S, Essemine J, Barbato R. Photosynthetic performance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) after exposure to a gradual drought stress followed by a recovery period. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148383. [PMID: 33513364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drought is an abiotic scourge, one of the major environmental stress factors that adversely affect plant growth and photosynthesis machinery through a disruption of cell organelles, arrangement thylakoid membranes and the electron transport chain. Herein, we probed the effect of drought stress on photosynthetic performance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Beforehand, plants were subjected to water deficit (as 15% Field Capacity, FC) for one (D-1W) or two weeks (D-2W), and were then re-watered at 95% FC for 2 weeks. Light and electron microscopy analysis of leaves showed no apparent changes in mesophyll cell organization and chloroplast ultrastructure after one week of drought stress, while a swelling of thylakoids and starch accumulation were observed after the prolonged drought (D-2W). The latter induced a decrease in both PSI and PSII quantum yields which was accompanied by an increase in F0 (minimum fluorescence) and a decline in Fm (maximum fluorescence). Drought stress influenced the fluorescence transients, where the major changes at the OJIP prompt FI level were detected in the OJ and IP phases. Prolonged drought induced a decrease in chl a fluorescence at IP phase which was readjusted and established back after re-watering and even more an increase was observed after 2 weeks of recovery. The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (φPo) was unaffected by the different drought stress regimes. Drought induced an increase in the ABS/RC and DI0/RC ratios which was concurrent to a stable φPo (maximum quantum yield of PSII primary photochemistry). A substantial decrease in PI(ABS) was detected especially, during severe drought stress (D-2W) suggesting a drop in the PSII efficiency and the level of electron transport through the plastoquinone pool (PQ pool) towards oxidized PSI RCs (P700+). The immunoblot analysis of the main PSII proteins revealed considerable changes in the D1, D2, CP47, OEC, PsbQ and LHCII proteins under drought. These changes depend on the stress duration and recovery period. The main message of this investigation is the elevated recovery capacities of PSII and PSI photochemical activities after re-watering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafet Manaa
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
| | - Rahma Goussi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunisie; Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Walid Derbali
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunisie
| | - Simone Cantamessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Roberto Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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11
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Song C, Zhu JK, Shabala S. Mechanisms of Plant Responses and Adaptation to Soil Salinity. Innovation (N Y) 2020; 1:100017. [PMID: 34557705 PMCID: PMC8454569 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes. Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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12
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Trotta A, Barera S, Marsano F, Osella D, Musso D, Pagliano C, Andreucci F, Barbato R. Isolation and characterization of a photosystem II preparation from thylakoid membranes of the extreme halophyte Salicornia veneta Pignatti et Lausi. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:356-362. [PMID: 30261469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salicornia veneta (Pignatti et Lausi) is an extreme halophyte living in salt marsh where NaCl concentration may be as high as 1 M. Here we report on the isolation and characterization of a PSII preparation obtained by Triton X-100 solubilisation of the thylakoid membrane. By a combination of gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, the depletion of a number of PSII proteins such as PsbQ, PsbM and PsbT was highlighted. Moreover, the requirement of Cl- and Ca2+ for optimal oxygen evolution was determined, showing that in absence of PsbQ a higher level of these ions are required. At high Cl- concentrations, oxygen evolution was inhibited in the same way in Salicornia veneta and spinach. Reconstitution of Salicornia veneta PSII preparation with partially purified spinach PsbP and PsbQ restored oxygen evolution activity at low Cl- and Ca2+ concentrations. Adaptation to high salt makes several PSII proteins dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy; Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Simone Barera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Davide Musso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Flora Andreucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Roberto Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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Comparative analysis of salt stress, duration and intensity, on the chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic apparatus in Thellungiella salsuginea. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:275-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zhang F, Hu H, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Effects of rare earth and acid rain pollution on plant chloroplast ATP synthase and element contents at different growth stages. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:441-449. [PMID: 29227892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Combined rare earth and acid rain pollution has become a new environmental problem, seriously affecting plant survival. The effects of these two kinds of pollutants on plant photosynthesis have been reported, but the micro mechanisms are not very clear. In this research, we studied the effects of lanthanum [La(III), 0.08, 1.20 and 2.40 mM] and acid rain (pH value = 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5) on the ATPase activity and gene transcription level and the functional element contents in rice leaf chloroplasts. The results showed that the combined 0.08 mM La(III) and pH 4.5 acid rain increased the ATPase activity and gene transcription level as well as contents of some functional elements. But other combined treatments of acid rain and La(III) reduced the ATPase activity and gene transcription level as well as functional element contents. The change magnitude of the above indexes at rice booting stage was greater than that in seedling stage or grain filling stage. These results reveal that effects of La(III) and acid rain on ATPase activity and functional element contents in rice leaf chloroplasts are related to the combination of La(III) dose and acid rain intensity and the plant growth stage. In addition, the changes in the ATPase activity were related to ATPase gene transcription level. This study would provide a reference for understanding the microcosmic mechanism of rare earth and acid rain pollution on plant photosynthesis and contribute to evaluate the possible environmental risks associated with combined La(III) and acid rain pollution. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY The effects of La(III) and acid rain on activity and gene transcription level of rice chloroplast ATPase and contents of functional elements were different at different growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Debez A, Belghith I, Friesen J, Montzka C, Elleuche S. Facing the challenge of sustainable bioenergy production: Could halophytes be part of the solution? J Biol Eng 2017; 11:27. [PMID: 28883890 PMCID: PMC5580303 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to steadily growing population and economic transitions in the more populous countries, renewable sources of energy are needed more than ever. Plant biomass as a raw source of bioenergy and biofuel products may meet the demand for sustainable energy; however, such plants typically compete with food crops, which should not be wasted for producing energy and chemicals. Second-generation or advanced biofuels that are based on renewable and non-edible biomass resources are processed to produce cellulosic ethanol, which could be further used for producing energy, but also bio-based chemicals including higher alcohols, organic acids, and bulk chemicals. Halophytes do not compete with conventional crops for arable areas and freshwater resources, since they grow naturally in saline ecosystems, mostly in semi-arid and arid areas. Using halophytes for biofuel production may provide a mid-term economically feasible and environmentally sustainable solution to producing bioenergy, contributing, at the same time, to making saline areas – which have been considered unproductive for a long time – more valuable. This review emphasises on halophyte definition, global distribution, and environmental requirements. It also examines their enzymatic valorization, focusing on salt-tolerant enzymes from halophilic microbial species that may be deployed with greater advantage compared to their conventional mesophilic counterparts for faster degradation of halophyte biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Debez
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.,Arab German Young Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AGYA), Working group "Energy, Water and Environment", at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ikram Belghith
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Jan Friesen
- Arab German Young Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AGYA), Working group "Energy, Water and Environment", at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Montzka
- Arab German Young Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AGYA), Working group "Energy, Water and Environment", at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Skander Elleuche
- Arab German Young Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AGYA), Working group "Energy, Water and Environment", at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Kasernenstr. 12, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.,Present address: Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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16
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Bose J, Munns R, Shabala S, Gilliham M, Pogson B, Tyerman SD. Chloroplast function and ion regulation in plants growing on saline soils: lessons from halophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3129-3143. [PMID: 28472512 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress impacts multiple aspects of plant metabolism and physiology. For instance it inhibits photosynthesis through stomatal limitation, causes excessive accumulation of sodium and chloride in chloroplasts, and disturbs chloroplast potassium homeostasis. Most research on salt stress has focused primarily on cytosolic ion homeostasis with few studies of how salt stress affects chloroplast ion homeostasis. This review asks the question whether membrane-transport processes and ionic relations are differentially regulated between glycophyte and halophyte chloroplasts and whether this contributes to the superior salt tolerance of halophytes. The available literature indicates that halophytes can overcome stomatal limitation by switching to CO2 concentrating mechanisms and increasing the number of chloroplasts per cell under saline conditions. Furthermore, salt entry into the chloroplast stroma may be critical for grana formation and photosystem II activity in halophytes but not in glycophytes. Salt also inhibits some stromal enzymes (e.g. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) to a lesser extent in halophyte species. Halophytes accumulate more chloride in chloroplasts than glycophytes and appear to use sodium in functional roles. We propose the molecular identities of candidate transporters that move sodium, chloride and potassium across chloroplast membranes and discuss how their operation may regulate photochemistry and photosystem I and II activity in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Barry Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Pagliano C, Saracco G, Barber J. Structural, functional and auxiliary proteins of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:167-88. [PMID: 23417641 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is the water-splitting enzyme complex of photosynthesis and consists of a large number of protein subunits. Most of these proteins have been structurally and functionally characterized, although there are differences between PSII of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Here we catalogue all known PSII proteins giving a brief description, where possible of their genetic origin, physical properties, structural relationships and functions. We have also included details of auxiliary proteins known at present to be involved in the in vivo assembly, maintenance and turnover of PSII and which transiently bind to the reaction centre core complex. Finally, we briefly give details of the proteins which form the outer light-harvesting systems of PSII in different types of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121, Torino, Alessandria, Italy,
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Allahverdiyeva Y, Suorsa M, Rossi F, Pavesi A, Kater MM, Antonacci A, Tadini L, Pribil M, Schneider A, Wanner G, Leister D, Aro EM, Barbato R, Pesaresi P. Arabidopsis plants lacking PsbQ and PsbR subunits of the oxygen-evolving complex show altered PSII super-complex organization and short-term adaptive mechanisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:671-84. [PMID: 23647309 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving complex of eukaryotic photosystem II (PSII) consists of four extrinsic subunits, PsbO (33 kDa), PsbP (23 kDa), PsbQ (17 kDa) and PsbR (10 kDa), encoded by seven nuclear genes, PsbO1 (At5g66570), PsbO2 (At3g50820), PsbP1 (At1g06680), PsbP2 (At2g30790), PsbQ1 (At4g21280), PsbQ2 (At4g05180) and PsbR (At1g79040). Using Arabidopsis insertion mutant lines, we show that PsbP1, but not PsbP2, is essential for photoautotrophic growth, whereas plants lacking both forms of PsbQ and/or PsbR show normal growth rates. Complete elimination of PsbQ has a minor effect on PSII function, but plants lacking PsbR or both PsbR and PsbQ are characterized by more pronounced defects in PSII activity. Gene expression and immunoblot analyses indicate that accumulation of each of these proteins is highly dependent on the presence of the others, and is controlled at the post-transcriptional level, whereas PsbO stability appears to be less sensitive to depletion of other subunits of the oxygen-evolving complex. In addition, comparison of levels of the PSII super-complex in wild-type and mutant leaves reveals the importance of the individual subunits of the oxygen-evolving complex for the supramolecular organization of PSII and their influence on the rate of state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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19
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Trotta A, Antonacci A, Marsano F, Redondo-Gomez S, Figueroa Clemente EM, Andreucci F, Barbato R. Identification of a 2-cys peroxiredoxin as a tetramethyl benzidine-hydrogen peroxide stained protein from the thylakoids of the extreme halophyte Arthrocnemum macrostachyum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 57:59-66. [PMID: 22683464 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylbenzidine-H(2)O(2) staining of SDS-polyacrylamide gel is a widely used method for the specific detection of proteins with heme-dependent peroxidase activity. When this method was used with thylakoids from the halophytic plant Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, besides the cytochrome f and cytochrome b6 proteins usually found in higher plants and cyanobacteria, at least four additional bands were detected. One of them, a 46-kDa protein, was shown to be an extrinsic protein, and identified by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting as a 2-cys peroxiredoxin. Peroxidase activity was insensitive to oxidizing agents such as trans-4,4-diydroxy-1,2-dithiane or hydrogen peroxide, but was inhibited by treatment of thylakoids with reducing agents such as dithiothreitol or mercaptoethanol. By immunoblotting, it was shown that loss of peroxidase activity was paralleled by disappearance of the 46-kDa band, which was converted to a 23-kDa immunoreactive form. A dimer/monomer relationship between the two proteins is suggested, with the dimeric form likely being a heme-binding protein. This possibility was further supported by anionic exchange chromatography and de novo sequencing of tryptic fragments of the protein and sequence comparison, as most of the residues previously implicated in heme binding in 2-cys peroxiredoxin from Rattus norvegicus were conserved in A. macrostachyum. The amount of this protein was modulated by environmental conditions, and increased when salt concentration in the growth medium was higher or lower than the optimal one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Italy.
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