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Postnikov EB, Wasiak M, Bartoszek M, Polak J, Zyubin A, Lavrova AI, Chora̧żewski M. Accessing Properties of Molecular Compounds Involved in Cellular Metabolic Processes with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Raman Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Molecules 2023; 28:6417. [PMID: 37687246 PMCID: PMC10490169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we review some physical methods of macroscopic experiments, which have been recently argued to be promising for the acquisition of valuable characteristics of biomolecular structures and interactions. The methods we focused on are electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. They were chosen since it can be shown that they are able to provide a mutually complementary picture of the composition of cellular envelopes (with special attention paid to mycobacteria), transitions between their molecular patterning, and the response to biologically active substances (reactive oxygen species and their antagonists-antioxidants-as considered in our case study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene B. Postnikov
- Theoretical Physics Department, Kursk State University, Radishcheva St. 33, 305000 Kursk, Russia
| | - Michał Wasiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Lódź, ul. Pomorska 165, 90-236 Lódź, Poland;
| | - Mariola Bartoszek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Justyna Polak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Andrey Zyubin
- Sophya Kovalevskaya North-West Mathematical Research Center, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Nevskogo St. 14, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.I.L.)
| | - Anastasia I. Lavrova
- Sophya Kovalevskaya North-West Mathematical Research Center, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Nevskogo St. 14, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.I.L.)
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskiy Prospect 2-4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mirosław Chora̧żewski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.); (J.P.)
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Kecoglu I, Sirkeci M, Unlu MB, Sen A, Parlatan U, Guzelcimen F. Quantification of salt stress in wheat leaves by Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7197. [PMID: 35504913 PMCID: PMC9065003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The salinity level of the growing medium has diverse effects on the development of plants, including both physical and biochemical changes. To determine the salt stress level of a plant endures, one can measure these structural and chemical changes. Raman spectroscopy and biochemical analysis are some of the most common techniques in the literature. Here, we present a combination of machine learning and Raman spectroscopy with which we can both find out the biochemical change that occurs while the medium salt concentration changes and predict the level of salt stress a wheat sample experiences accurately using our trained regression models. In addition, by applying different machine learning algorithms, we compare the level of success for different algorithms and determine the best method to use in this application. Production units can take actions based on the quantitative information they get from the trained machine learning models related to salt stress, which can potentially increase efficiency and avoid the loss of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kecoglu
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Sirkeci
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Burcin Unlu
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.,Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayse Sen
- Department of Biology, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Feyza Guzelcimen
- Physics Department, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bartolić D, Mojović M, Prokopijević M, Djikanović D, Kalauzi A, Mutavdžić D, Baošić R, Radotić K. Lignin and organic free radicals in maize (Zea mays L.) seeds in response to aflatoxin B 1 contamination: an optical and EPR spectroscopic study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2500-2505. [PMID: 34676551 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) is the most dangerous of the mycotoxins that contaminate cereal seeds naturally. A stress lignin formation is linked with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species causing a change in the redox status and formation of stable organic radicals, constituting the first layer of defense. The relationship between AFB1 and changes in lignin organic free radicals in seeds is not known, nor is the part of the seed that is more targeted. Using optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we investigated AFB1 -induced changes in lignin and organic free radicals in seeds, and whether the inner and outer seed fractions differ in response to increasing AFB1 . RESULTS Different changes in the content of lignin and free radicals with increasing AFB1 concentrations were observed in the two seed fractions. There was a significant positive linear correlation (R = 0.9923, P = 0.00005) between lignin content and AFB1 concentration in the outer fraction, and no correlation between the lignin content and the AFB1 concentration in the inner fraction. We found a positive correlation between the area of the green spectral emission component (C4) and the AFB1 concentration in the outer fraction. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the results showed, for the first time, that maize seed fractions respond differently to aflatoxin with regard to their lignin and organic free radical content. Lignin content and (C4) area may be reliable indicators for the screening of lignin changes against AFB1 content in the seeds, and thus for seed protection capacity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Bartolić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Prokopijević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniela Djikanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Kalauzi
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragosav Mutavdžić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Baošić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Radotić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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FT-Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool to Study the Secondary Structures of Wheat Gliadin Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175388. [PMID: 34500820 PMCID: PMC8434250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a useful method in biological, biomedical, food, and agricultural studies, allowing the simultaneous examination of various chemical compounds and evaluation of molecular changes occurring in tested objects. The purpose of our research was to explain how the elimination of ω-fractions from the wheat gliadin complex influences the secondary structures of the remaining αβγ-gliadins. To this aim, we analyzed the endosperm of wheat kernels as well as gliadin proteins extracted from two winter wheat genotypes: wasko.gl+ (control genotype containing the full set of gliadins) and wasko.gl− (modified genotype lacking all ω-gliadins). Based on the decomposition of the amide I band, we observed a moderate increase in β-forms (sheets and turns) at the expense of α-helical and random coil structures for gliadins isolated from the flour of the wasko.gl− line. Since ω-gliadins contain no cysteine residues, they do not participate in the formation of the disulfide bridges that stabilize the protein structure. However, they can interact with other proteins via weak, low-energetic hydrogen bonds. We conclude that the elimination of ω-fractions from the gliadin complex causes minor modifications in secondary structures of the remaining gliadin proteins. In our opinion, these small, structural changes of proteins may lead to alterations in gliadin allergenicity.
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Tian YG, Zhang ZN, Tian SQ. Nondestructive Testing for Wheat Quality with Sensor Technology Based on Big Data. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8851509. [PMID: 33274108 PMCID: PMC7695508 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8851509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive testing with sensor technology is one of the fastest growing and most promising wheat quality information analysis technologies. Nondestructive testing with sensor technology benefits from the latest achievement of many disciplines such as computer, optics, mathematics, chemistry, and chemometrics. It has the advantages of simplicity, speed, low cost, no pollution, and no contact. It is widely used in wheat quality analysis and testing research. This article summarizes nondestructive testing with sensor technology for wheat quality, including the mechanical model, hyperspectral technology, Raman spectroscopy, and near-infrared techniques for wheat mechanical properties, storage properties, and physical and chemical properties (such as moisture, ash, protein, and starch) in the past decade. Based on the current research progress, big data technology needs a lot of research in spectral data mining, modeling algorithm optimization, model robustness, etc. to provide more data support and method reference for the research and application of wheat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ge Tian
- Henan University of Technology, High-tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zheng-Nan Zhang
- Zhengzhou Electronic & Information Engineering School, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Shuang-Qi Tian
- Henan University of Technology, High-tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Kurdziel M, Filek M, Łabanowska M. The impact of short-term UV irradiation on grains of sensitive and tolerant cereal genotypes studied by EPR. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2607-2616. [PMID: 29064559 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV irradiation has ionisation character and leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The destructive character of ROS was observed among others during interaction of cereal grains with ozone and was caused by changes in structures of biomolecules leading to the formation of stable organic radicals. That effect was more evident for stress sensitive genotypes. In this study we investigated the influence of UV irradiation on cereal grains originating from genotypes with different tolerance to oxidative stress. RESULTS Grains and their parts (endosperm, embryo and seed coat) of barley, wheat and oat were subjected to short-term UV irradiation. It was found that UV caused the appearance of various kinds of reactive species (O2-• , H2 O2 ) and stable radicals (semiquinone, phenoxyl and carbon-centred). Simultaneously, lipid peroxidation occurred and the organic structure of Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes become disturbed. CONCLUSIONS UV irradiation causes damage of main biochemical structures of plant tissues, the effect is more significant in sensitive genotypes. In comparison with ozone treatment, UV irradiation leads to stronger destruction of biomolecules in grains and their parts. It is caused by the high energy of UV light, facilitating easier breakage of molecular bonds in biochemical compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Filek
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Kraków, Poland
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Filek M, Łabanowska M, Kurdziel M, Sieprawska A. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy in Studies of the Protective Effects of 24-Epibrasinoide and Selenium against Zearalenone-Stimulation of the Oxidative Stress in Germinating Grains of Wheat. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E178. [PMID: 28555005 PMCID: PMC5488028 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
These studies concentrate on the possibility of using selenium ions and/or 24-epibrassinolide at non-toxic levels as protectors of wheat plants against zearalenone, which is a common and widespread mycotoxin. Analysis using the UHPLC-MS technique allowed for identification of grains having the stress-tolerant and stress-sensitive wheat genotype. When germinating in the presence of 30 µM of zearalenone, this mycotoxin can accumulate in both grains and hypocotyls germinating from these grains. Selenium ions (10 µM) and 24-epibrassinolide (0.1 µM) introduced together with zearalenone decreased the uptake of zearalenone from about 295 to 200 ng/g and from about 350 to 300 ng/g in the grains of tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. As a consequence, this also resulted in a reduction in the uptake of zearalenone from about 100 to 80 ng/g and from about 155 to 128 ng/g in the hypocotyls from the germinated grains of tolerant and sensitive wheat, respectively. In the mechanism of protection against the zearalenone-induced oxidative stress, the antioxidative enzymes-mainly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-were engaged, especially in the sensitive genotype. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies allowed for a description of the chemical character of the long-lived organic radicals formed in biomolecular structures which are able to stabilize electrons released from reactive oxygen species as well as the changes in the status of transition paramagnetic metal ions. The presence of zearalenone drastically decreased the amount of paramagnetic metal ions-mainly Mn(II) and Fe(III)-bonded in the organic matrix. This effect was particularly found in the sensitive genotype, in which these species were found at a smaller level. The protective effect of selenium ions and 24-epibrassinolide originated from their ability to inhibit the destruction of biomolecules by reactive oxygen species. An increased ability to defend biomolecules against zearalenone action was observed for 24-epibrassinolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filek
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Maria Łabanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kurdziel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Apolonia Sieprawska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland.
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Filek M, Łabanowska M, Kurdziel M, Wesełucha-Birczyńska A, Bednarska-Kozakiewicz E. Structural and biochemical response of chloroplasts in tolerant and sensitive barley genotypes to drought stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 207:61-72. [PMID: 27835766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to characterize the changes of structural organization of chloroplasts of sensitive (Maresi) and tolerant (Cam/B1) barley genotypes upon soil drought (10days), which was applied in two stages of plant growth, i.e. seedlings and flag leaves. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique was used for the determination of changes in the concentration and nature of long-lived radicals and metal ions (Mn, Fe), measured directly in the structures of fresh leaves, occurring after stress treatment. Stronger variations of EPR parameters were found after drought stress application in the flag-leaf phase and for sensitive genotype. Chloroplasts of Cam/B1 were characterized by a larger surface area and less degradation of their structure during drought stress in comparison to Maresi. The data obtained from Raman spectra showed that better stress tolerance of the genotype was accompanied by greater accumulation of carotenoids in chloroplasts and was correlated with an increase in carotenoid radicals. The increase of the value of the electrokinetic potential (relative to control), which was slightly larger for the chloroplasts of Maresi than of Cam/B1, indicated the chemical reconstruction of the membrane leading to a reduction of their polarity during drought action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filek
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
| | - Maria Łabanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kurdziel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland.
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Łabanowska M, Kurdziel M, Filek M, Wesełucha-Birczyńska A. The impact of biochemical composition and nature of paramagnetic species in grains on stress tolerance of oat cultivars. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 199:52-66. [PMID: 27302006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the relationships between the chemical composition of oat grains and the tolerance to oxidative stress of oat genotypes. The studies were based on the results of biochemical analyses and both EPR and Raman spectroscopies on whole grains and their parts (embryo, endosperm, seed coat) originating from oat genotypes with different sensitivities to stress. We found that the amounts of fats and especially unsaturated fatty acids, proteins rich in glutamic acid and glycine, as well as phenolics and tocopherols were higher in grains of the tolerant genotype. Moreover, fats and proteins were distributed not only in embryos, but also in endosperms. The grains of tolerant genotypes exhibited high antioxidant activity and contained greater amounts of β-glucan. EPR data pointed to higher concentrations of various kinds of stable organic radicals (semiquinone, tyrosyl and carbon-centered radicals) in whole grains (and their parts) of sensitive genotypes. EPR spectra revealed the character of interactions of paramagnetic transition metal ions Fe(III) and Mn(II) with organic and inorganic structures of grains. The quantitative EPR measurements showed the dependence between the amount of radical species and the content of transition metal ions, mainly Fe(III) bonded to inorganic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Łabanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kurdziel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Filek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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Łabanowska M, Kurdziel M, Filek M. Changes of paramagnetic species in cereal grains upon short-term ozone action as a marker of oxidative stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 190:54-66. [PMID: 26655395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increase of the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere, being the direct source of reactive oxygen species, results in the yield loss of agronomic crops. On the other hand, ozone is also used as a protector against microorganisms, living in plants and present in materials obtained from them, dangerous for human and animal health. In this work it has been studied if ozone in doses similar to those used for removal of microorganisms can have significant influence on the generation of stable organic radicals and changes in the character of transition metal ions and in the antioxidative biochemical parameters of cereal grains. The aim of this work was to find if the response of grains of three cereals (wheat, oat and barley) to ozone depended on their oxidative stress tolerance. The influence of direct short-term ozone application on grains of these cereals, each represented by two genotypes with different oxidative stress tolerance, was studied by biochemical analyses and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. Whole grains as well as their parts: embryo, endosperm and seed coat were subjected to ozone treatment for 30 min. Biochemical investigation of control samples showed that their antioxidant activity increased in order: wheat<oat<barley. EPR method revealed that character and the number of paramagnetic species (transition metal ions: Fe(III), Cu(II), Mn(II) and stable organic radicals) changed upon ozone exposure, depending on the kind of cereal, stress tolerance of particular genotype and the part of grain. The control samples of whole grains and their parts originating from sensitive genotypes contained higher amounts of stable organic radicals (semiquinone, phenoxyl and carbohydrate types) than those from tolerant ones. In embryos of grains from sensitive genotypes their amount increased upon ozone treatment stronger than in embryos from grains of tolerant cultivars. In seed coats and endosperms such relation was not found and the changes in the content of the radicals during ozone application were correlated with the amount of transition metal ions and were more intensive in parts of grains richer in easily oxidized iron species Fe(II), located in inorganic structures. On the contrary, Fe(II) ions situated in embryos were stabilized by organic matrix and did not undergo oxidation by ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Łabanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kurdziel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Filek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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Araújo SDS, Paparella S, Dondi D, Bentivoglio A, Carbonera D, Balestrazzi A. Physical Methods for Seed Invigoration: Advantages and Challenges in Seed Technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:646. [PMID: 27242847 PMCID: PMC4863893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the context of seed technology, the use of physical methods for increasing plant production offers advantages over conventional treatments based on chemical substances. The effects of physical invigoration treatments in seeds can be now addressed at multiple levels, ranging from morpho-structural aspects to changes in gene expression and protein or metabolite accumulation. Among the physical methods available, "magneto-priming" and irradiation with microwaves (MWs) or ionizing radiations (IRs) are the most promising pre-sowing seed treatments. "Magneto-priming" is based on the application of magnetic fields and described as an eco-friendly, cheap, non-invasive technique with proved beneficial effects on seed germination, vigor and crop yield. IRs, as γ-rays and X-rays, have been widely regarded as a powerful tool in agricultural sciences and food technology. Gamma-rays delivered at low dose have showed to enhance germination percentage and seedling establishment, acting as an actual 'priming' treatment. Different biological effects have been observed in seeds subjected to MWs and X-rays but knowledge about their impact as seed invigoration agent or stimulatory effects on germination need to be further extended. Ultraviolet (UV) radiations, namely UV-A and UV-C have shown to stimulate positive impacts on seed health, germination, and seedling vigor. For all mentioned physical treatments, extensive fundamental and applied research is still needed to define the optimal dose, exposition time, genotype- and environment-dependent irradiation conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance has an enormous potential in seed technology not fully explored to monitor seed invigoration treatments and/or identifying the best suitable irradiation dose or time-point to stop the treatment. The present manuscript describes the use of physical methods for seed invigoration, while providing a critical discussion on the constraints and advantages. The future perspectives related to the use of these approaches to address the need of seed technologists, producers and trade markers will be also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana de Sousa Araújo
- Plant Cell Technology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’, Universita degli Studi di PaviaPavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Susana de sousa Araújo,
| | - Stefania Paparella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’, Universita degli Studi di PaviaPavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di PaviaPavia, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Carbonera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’, Universita degli Studi di PaviaPavia, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’, Universita degli Studi di PaviaPavia, Italy
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