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Dehigaspitiya P, Milham P, Martin A, Ash G, Gamage D, Holford P, Seneweera S. Site-specific, genotypic and temporal variation in photosynthesis and its related biochemistry in wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:115-131. [PMID: 34898425 DOI: 10.1071/fp21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pericarps may contribute appreciably to wheat grain yield. Consequently, we investigated the temporal variation of traits related to photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism in the pericarps and flag leaves of three wheat genotypes, Huandoy, Amurskaja 75 and Greece 25, which are reported to differ in expression of genes related to the C4 pathway in wheat grain. Significant site-specific, genotypic and temporal variation in the maximum carboxylation rate (Vc max ) and maximum rates of electron transport (J max ) (biological capacity of carbon assimilation) were observed early in ontogeny that dissipated by late grain filling. Although the transcript abundance of rbcS and rbcL in flag leaves was significantly higher than in the pericarps, in line with their photosynthetic prominence, both organ types displayed similar expression patterns among growth stages. The higher N concentrations in the pericarps during grain enlargement suggest increased Rubisco; however, expression of rbcS and rbcL indicated the contrary. From heading to 14days post-anthesis, wheat pericarps exhibited a strong, positive correlation between biological capacity for carbon assimilation and expression of key genes related to sucrose metabolism (SPS1 , SUS1 and SPP1 ). The strong correlation between spike dry weight and the biological capacity for carbon assimilation along with other findings of this study suggest that metabolic processes in wheat spikes may play a major role in grain filling, total yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Milham
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Anke Martin
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
| | - Gavin Ash
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
| | - Dananjali Gamage
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia; and Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
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Xiang J, Qian K, Zhang Y, Chew J, Liang J, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Fan X. OsLSD1.1 is involved in the photosystem II reaction and affects nitrogen allocation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:246-257. [PMID: 34126592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient element for plants; however, high N accumulation often leads to a decrease in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In rice (Oryza sativa L.), well-developed aerenchyma is formed to promote oxygen transport from the shoot to the root tips as an adaptation to submerged and oxygen-deficient environment. Total N concentrations were increased in the rice root by changes in O2 levels in the rhizosphere. However, few reports have focused on how aerenchyma formation-related genes participate in photosynthesis and affect nitrogen allocation in rice. In this study, we found that OsLSD1.1, located in the chloroplast, cell membrane, and nucleus, may be involved in the photosystem II reaction and affect chloroplast development. OsLSD1.1 knockout was found to significantly reduce the quantum efficiency of the PSII reaction center (ΦPSII). Furthermore, we observed that the nitrogen accumulation decreased in the grain of OsLSD1.1 mutants. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis revealed that OsPEPC3, OsPsbR1, OsNRG2, OsNRT1.5A, OsNRT1.7, and OsAMT3;2 were downregulated in m12 compared with N-WT (wild-type Nipponbare), which may be a reason that photosynthesis and nitrogen transport were inhibited. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that OsLSD1.1 may be key in plant growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogen allocation in rice. Our results may provide theoretical support for the discovery of key genes for nitrogen physiological use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kaiyun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jinkiat Chew
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Gallego-Tévar B, Peinado-Torrubia P, Álvarez R, Gandullo J, Grewell BJ, Figueroa E, Castillo JM. Changes to the functional traits of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase following hybridization in C-4 halophytes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:83-98. [PMID: 31782807 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is a relevant evolutionary mechanism linked to the invasiveness of plant species, but little is known about its effect on enzymatic activities in response to stress. We analyzed the effects of salinity on key mechanistic traits of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) enzyme for two hybrid taxa derived from native Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald and invasive Spartina densiflora Brongn. in comparison with their parental species. Parental species showed contrasted strategies at the PEPC level to cope with salinity. Spartina maritima showed its physiological optimum at 10 to 40 ppt salinity, with high PEPC activity (per unit leaf soluble protein), in contrast to the lower salinity optimum of 0.5 and 10 ppt for S. densiflora, where highest levels of PEPC apparent specific activity coincided with high light-induced activation of PEPC. Both hybrids showed constant PEPC apparent specific activity from fresh water to hypersalinity and exhibited higher net photosynthesis rates in fresh water than their parents. Spartina maritima × densiflora presented three transgressive PEPC-related traits, being the only taxon able to increase its PEPC activation in darkness at high salinity. Spartina densiflora × maritima showed most PEPC-related traits intermediate between its parents. Inheritance types operating differently in reciprocal hybrids determine key functional traits conditioning their ecological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Gallego-Tévar
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Ap 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Ap 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jacinto Gandullo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Ap 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brenda J Grewell
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Department of Plant Sciences MS-4, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Figueroa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Ap 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús M Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Ap 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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Zhang X, Pu P, Tang Y, Zhang L, Lv J. C4 photosynthetic enzymes play a key role in wheat spike bracts primary carbon metabolism response under water deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:163-172. [PMID: 31299598 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthetic enzymes are present in C3 plants and participate in non-photosynthetic metabolism. Wheat spike bracts had a higher drought tolerance, photosynthesis and senesced later compared to the flag leaves under water deficit. This research was conducted to investigate the different response of primary carbon metabolism induced by C4 photosynthetic enzymes in wheat flag leaves and spike bracts including glumes and lemmas under water deficit. The activities of C4 photosynthetic enzymes and Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco), the expression of related genes and primary carbon metabolism contents were demonstrated in wheat flag leaves and spike bracts exposed to water deficit. Results showed that drought stress strongly inhibited wheat photosynthetic metabolism by decreasing Rubisco activity in flag leaves. The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), phosphate dikinase (PPDK) and NADP- malic dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) increased in wheat spike bracts under water deficit. Transcript levels of C4 photosynthetic genes in wheat spike bracts were higher under water deficit than that of control. Furthermore, the results indicated that drought stress induced changes in the contents of primary carbon metabolism including malate, oxaloacetic acid (OAA), citric, fumaric acid were organ-specific. In conclusion, the functions of C4 photosynthetic enzymes appear to be important for wheat spike bracts primary carbon metabolism and defence response under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinyin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Deng X, Liu Y, Xu X, Liu D, Zhu G, Yan X, Wang Z, Yan Y. Comparative Proteome Analysis of Wheat Flag Leaves and Developing Grains Under Water Deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:425. [PMID: 29692790 PMCID: PMC5902686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we performed the first comparative proteomic analysis of wheat flag leaves and developing grains in response to drought stress. Drought stress caused a significant decrease in several important physiological and biochemical parameters and grain yield traits, particularly those related to photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis. In contrast, some key indicators related to drought stress were significantly increased, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, proline, glycine betaine, abscisic acid content, and peroxidase activity. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) identified 87 and 132 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 66 and 105 unique proteins following exposure to drought stress in flag leaves and developing grains, respectively. The proteomes of the two organs varied markedly, and most DAPS were related to the oxidative stress response, photosynthesis and energy metabolism, and starch biosynthesis. In particular, DAPs in flag leaves mainly participated in photosynthesis while those in developing grains were primarily involved in carbon metabolism and the drought stress response. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) further validated some key DAPs such as rubisco large subunit (RBSCL), ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), chaperonin 60 subunit alpha (CPN-60 alpha) and oxalate oxidase 2 (OxO 2). The potential functions of the identified DAPs revealed that a complex network synergistically regulates drought resistance during grain development. Our results from proteome perspective provide new insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms used by different wheat organs to respond to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexin Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Genrui Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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