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Iqbal N, Czékus Z, Ördög A, Poór P. Fusaric acid-evoked oxidative stress affects plant defence system by inducing biochemical changes at subcellular level. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:2. [PMID: 38108938 PMCID: PMC10728271 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA) is one of the most harmful phytotoxins produced in various plant-pathogen interactions. Fusarium species produce FA as a secondary metabolite, which can infect many agronomic crops at all stages of development from seed to fruit, and FA production can further compromise plant survival because of its phytotoxic effects. FA exposure in plant species adversely affects plant growth, development and crop yield. FA exposure in plants leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause cellular damage and ultimately cell death. Therefore, FA-induced ROS accumulation in plants has been a topic of interest for many researchers to understand the plant-pathogen interactions and plant defence responses. In this study, we reviewed the FA-mediated oxidative stress and ROS-induced defence responses of antioxidants, as well as hormonal signalling in plants. The effects of FA phytotoxicity on lipid peroxidation, physiological changes and ultrastructural changes at cellular and subcellular levels were reported. Additionally, DNA damage, cell death and adverse effects on photosynthesis have been explained. Some possible approaches to overcome the harmful effects of FA in plants were also discussed. It is concluded that FA-induced ROS affect the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system regulated by phytohormones. The effects of FA are also associated with other photosynthetic, ultrastructural and genotoxic modifications in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Iqbal
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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2
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Czékus Z, Milodanovic D, Koprivanacz P, Bela K, López-Climent MF, Gómez-Cadenas A, Poór P. The role of salicylic acid on glutathione metabolism under endoplasmic reticulum stress in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108192. [PMID: 37995576 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are highly dependent on phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). In this study, the effect of SA supplementation and the lack of endogenous SA on glutathione metabolism were investigated under ER stress in wild-type (WT) and transgenic SA-deficient NahG tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. The expression of the UPR marker gene SlBiP was dependent on SA levels and remained lower in NahG plants. Exogenous application of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) also reduced tunicamycin (Tm)-induced SlBiP transcript accumulation. At the same time, Tm-induced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production were independent of SA, whereas the accumulation of reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and the oxidised glutathione (GSSG) was regulated by SA. Tm increased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) independently of SA, but the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR; EC 1.8.5.1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) were increased by Tm in a SA-dependent manner. SlGR2, SlGGT and SlGSTT2 expression was activated in a SA-dependent way upon Tm. Although expression of SlGSH1, SlGSTF2, SlGSTU5 and SlGTT3 did not change upon Tm treatment in leaves, SlGR1 and SlDHAR2 transcription decreased. PBA significantly increased the expression of SlGR1, SlGR2, SlGSTT2, and SlGSTT3, which contributed to the amelioration of Tm-induced ER stress based on the changes in lipid peroxidation and cell viability. Malondialdehyde accumulation and electrolyte leakage were significantly higher in WT as compared to NahG tomato leaves under ER stress, further confirming the key role of SA in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Krisztina Bela
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - María F López-Climent
- Department of Biology, Biochemestry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, 12071, Spain.
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department of Biology, Biochemestry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, 12071, Spain.
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Ma L, Song T, Yu Y, Liu L, Qu M, Zhou S, Meng X, Fan H. Target of rapamycin (TOR) plays a role in regulating ROS-induced chloroplast damage during cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaf senescence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14124. [PMID: 38148210 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In cucumber production, delaying leaf senescence is crucial for improving cucumber yield and quality. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes, which can integrate exogenous and endogenous signals (such as cell energy state levels) to stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, no studies have yet examined the regulatory role of TOR signalling in cucumber leaf senescence. In this study, the effects of TOR signalling on dark-induced cucumber leaf senescence were investigated using the TOR activator MHY1485 and inhibitor AZD8055 combined with transient transformation techniques. The results indicate that TOR responds to dark-induced leaf senescence, and alterations in TOR activity/expression influence cucumber leaf resistance to dark-induced senescence. Specifically, in plants with elevated TOR activity/expression, we observed reduced expression of senescence-related genes, less membrane lipid damage, decreased cell apoptosis, lower levels of reactive oxygen species production, and less damage to the photosynthetic system compared to the control. In contrast, in plants with reduced TOR activity/expression, we observed higher expression of senescence-related genes, increased membrane lipid damage, enhanced cell apoptosis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species production, and more damage to the photosynthetic system. These comprehensive results underscore the critical role of TOR in regulating dark-induced cucumber leaf senescence. These findings provide a foundation for controlling premature leaf senescence in cucumber production and offer insights for further exploration of leaf senescence mechanisms and the development of more effective control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiefeng Song
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linghao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengqi Qu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Iqbal N, Czékus Z, Poór P, Ördög A. Ethylene-dependent regulation of oxidative stress in the leaves of fusaric acid-treated tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:841-849. [PMID: 36870159 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin fusaric acid (FA) induces rapid oxidative burst leading to cell death in plants. At the same time, plant defence reactions are mediated by several phytohormones for instance ethylene (ET). However, previously conducted studies leave research gaps on how ET plays a regulatory role under mycotoxin exposure. Therefore, this study aims to the time-dependent effects of two FA concentrations (0.1 mM and 1 mM) were explored on the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves of wild-type (WT) and ET receptor mutant Never ripe (Nr) tomatoes. FA induced superoxide and H2O2 accumulation in both genotypes in a mycotoxin dose- and exposure time-dependent pattern. 1 mM FA activated NADPH oxidase (+34% compared to the control) and RBOH1 transcript levels in WT leaves. However, superoxide production was significantly higher in Nr with 62% which could contribute to higher lipid peroxidation in this genotype. In parallel, the antioxidative defence mechanisms were also activated. Both peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were lower in Nr but ascorbate peroxidase showed one-fold higher activity under 1 mM FA stress than in WT leaves. Interestingly, catalase (CAT) activity decreased upon FA in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and the encoding CAT genes were also downregulated, especially in Nr leaves at 20%. Ascorbate level was decreased and glutathione remained lower in Nr than WT plants under FA exposure. Conclusively, Nr genotype showed more sensitivity to FA-induced ROS suggesting that ET serves defence reactions of plants by activating several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to detoxify excess ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Iqbal
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
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Li H, Yang Y, Ye W, Sun G. Exploration of the effect of blue laser light on microRNAs involved in functional metabolism in D. officinale through RNA sequencing. Gene 2023; 851:147009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Effects of Salicylic Acid Concentration and Post-Treatment Time on the Direct and Systemic Chemical Defense Responses in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Following Exogenous Foliar Application. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206917. [PMID: 36296509 PMCID: PMC9610573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a critical role in allergic reactions of plants to pathogens and acquired systemic resistance. Thus far, although some research has been conducted on the direct effects of different concentrations of SA on the chemical defense response of treated plant parts (leaves) after at multiple post-treatments times, few research has reported on the systematic effects of non-treated parts (roots). Therefore, we examined direct and systemic effects of SA concentration and time following foliar application on chemical defense responses in maize variety 5422 with two fully expanded leaves. In the experiments, maize leaves were treated with different SA concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mM, and then, the presence of defense chemicals and enzymes in treated leaves and non-treated roots was measured at different time points of 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 h following SA foliar application. The results showed that direct and systemic effects of SA treatment to the leaf on chemical defense responses were related to SA concentration and time of measurement after spraying SA. In treated leaves, total phenolics content increased directly by 28.65% at the time point of 12 h following foliar application of 0.5 mM SA. DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H, 1, 4-benzoxazin-3 (4H)-one) content was directly enhanced by 80.56~551.05% after 3~72 h following 0.5~5.0 mM SA treatments. Polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were directly enhanced after 12~72 h following 0.5~5.0 mM SA treatments, whereas peroxidase and catalase activities were increased after 3~24 h following application of 1.0~5.0 mM SA. In non-treated roots, DIMBOA content and polyphenol oxidase activity were enhanced systematically after 3~48 h following 1.0~5.0 mM SA foliar treatments. Superoxide dismutase activities were enhanced after 3~24 h following 0.5~2.5 mM SA applications, but total phenolics content, peroxidase and catalase activity decreased in some particular concentrations or at the different times of measurement in the SA treatment. It can be concluded that SA foliar application at 1.0 and 2.5 mM produces strong chemical defense responses in maize, with the optimal induction time being 24 h following the foliar application.
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Effect of the Number of Dark Days and Planting Density on the Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) Sprouts. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192515. [PMID: 36235381 PMCID: PMC9570650 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mustard is an edible vegetable in the genus Brassica with tender and clean sprouts and short growth cycles that has become a rich source of nutrients required by humans. Here, the effects of dark exposure duration and planting density on the health-promoting phytochemicals and the antioxidant capacity of mustard sprouts were evaluated. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoids and the antioxidant capacity of mustard were higher in the two-day dark treatment; the content of indolic glucosinolates was also more affected in the dark day experiment than in the planting density experiment. The soluble sugar, soluble protein, and aliphatic and total glucosinolate levels were higher when sprouts were grown at high densities (6–7 g per tray); however, no significant variation was observed in the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids and the antioxidant capacity. The results of this study show that the optimum cultivation regime for maximizing the concentrations of nutrients of mustard plants is a planting density of 6 g of seeds per tray and a two-day dark treatment.
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Czékus Z, Kukri A, Hamow KÁ, Szalai G, Tari I, Ördög A, Poór P. Activation of Local and Systemic Defence Responses by Flg22 Is Dependent on Daytime and Ethylene in Intact Tomato Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158354. [PMID: 34361121 PMCID: PMC8348740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first line of plant defence responses against pathogens can be induced by the bacterial flg22 and can be dependent on various external and internal factors. Here, we firstly studied the effects of daytime and ethylene (ET) using Never ripe (Nr) mutants in the local and systemic defence responses of intact tomato plants after flg22 treatments. Flg22 was applied in the afternoon and at night and rapid reactions were detected. The production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide was induced by flg22 locally, while superoxide was induced systemically, in wild type plants in the light period, but all remained lower at night and in Nr leaves. Flg22 elevated, locally, the ET, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels in the light period; these levels did not change significantly at night. Expression of Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), Ethylene response factor 1 (ERF1) and Defensin (DEF) showed also daytime- and ET-dependent changes. Enhanced ERF1 and DEF expression and stomatal closure were also observable in systemic leaves of wild type plants in the light. These data demonstrate that early biotic signalling in flg22-treated leaves and distal ones is an ET-dependent process and it is also determined by the time of day and inhibited in the early night phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (A.K.); (I.T.); (A.Ö.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kukri
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (A.K.); (I.T.); (A.Ö.)
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (K.Á.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (K.Á.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (A.K.); (I.T.); (A.Ö.)
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (A.K.); (I.T.); (A.Ö.)
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (A.K.); (I.T.); (A.Ö.)
- Correspondence:
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Czékus Z, Iqbal N, Pollák B, Martics A, Ördög A, Poór P. Role of ethylene and light in chitosan-induced local and systemic defence responses of tomato plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153461. [PMID: 34217837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant defence responses can be triggered by the application of elicitors for example chitosan (β-1,4-linked glucosamine; CHT). It is well-known that CHT induces rapid, local production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) resulting in fast stomatal closure. Systemic defence responses are based primarily on phytohormones such as ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), moreover on the expression of hormone-mediated defence genes and proteins. At the same time, these responses can be dependent also on external factors, such as light but its role was less-investigated. Based on our result in intact tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.), CHT treatment not only induced significant ET emission and stomatal closure locally but also promoted significant production of superoxide which was also detectable in the distal, systemic leaves. However, these changes in ET and superoxide accumulation were detected only in wild type (WT) plants kept in light and were inhibited under darkness as well as in ET receptor Never ripe (Nr) mutants suggesting pivotal importance of ET and light in inducing resistance both locally and systemically upon CHT. Interestingly, CHT-induced NO production was mostly independent of ET or light. At the same time, expression of Pathogenesis-related 3 (PR3) was increased locally in both genotypes in the light and in WT leaves under darkness. This was also observed in distal leaves of WT plants. The CHT-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as unfolded protein response (UPR) were examined for the first time, via analysis of the lumenal binding protein (BiP). Whereas local expression of BiP was not dependent on the availability of light or ET, systemically it was mediated by ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Nadeem Iqbal
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary; Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Boglárka Pollák
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Atina Martics
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
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Iqbal N, Czékus Z, Poór P, Ördög A. Plant defence mechanisms against mycotoxin Fumonisin B1. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 343:109494. [PMID: 33915161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most harmful mycotoxin which prevails in several crops and affects the growth and yield as well. Hence, keeping the alarming consequences of FB1 under consideration, there is still a need to seek other more reliable approaches and scientific knowledge for FB1-induced cell death and a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of plant defence strategies. FB1-induced disturbance in sphingolipid metabolism initiates programmed cell death (PCD) through various modes such as the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, and activation of specific proteases and nucleases causing DNA fragmentation. There is a close interaction between sphingolipids and defence phytohormones in response to FB1 exposure regulating PCD and defence. In this review, the model plant Arabidopsis and various crops have been presented with different levels of susceptibility and resistivity exposed to various concentration of FB1. In addition to this, regulation of PCD and defence mechanisms have been also demonstrated at the physiological, biochemical and molecular levels to help the understanding of the role and function of FB1-inducible molecules and genes and their expressions in plants against pathogen attacks which could provide molecular and biochemical markers for the detection of toxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Iqbal
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary; Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary
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Islam MA, Guo J, Peng H, Tian S, Bai X, Zhu H, Kang Z, Guo J. TaYS1A, a Yellow Stripe-Like Transporter Gene, Is Required for Wheat Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1452. [PMID: 33287151 PMCID: PMC7761651 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow stripe-like (YSL) transporters are required for the transportation of metal-phytosiderophores and are structurally related to metal-nicotianamine complexes. Some studies also reported the involvement of YSL transporters in pathogen-induced defense. However, the molecular mechanisms of YSL genes involved in biotic stress responses are still not clear, especially in cereal crops. This study aimed to functionally characterize TaYS1A during the interaction of wheat and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of stripe rust disease. TaYS1A was localized in the cell membrane of wheat protoplasts and Nicotiana benthamiana cells. TaYS1A was significantly up-regulated in wheat leaves after being infected with the avirulent Pst isolate CYR23 and after treatment with salicylic acid (SA). Silencing of TaYS1A by the virus-induced gene silencing method enhanced the susceptibility of wheat to Pst accompanied by reducing the accumulation of SA and H2O2 and down-regulating the transcriptions of TaPR1 and TaPR2. In addition, TaYS1A was found to interact with TaNH2, a homolog of OsNH2, by yeast-two-hybrid assay, and silencing of TaYS1A diminished the expression of TaNH2. Our findings suggested the existence of positive regulation of TaYS1A in providing resistance against Pst by modulating SA-induced signaling and offered new insight into the biological role of YSL in wheat against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.A.I.); (J.G.); (H.P.); (S.T.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (J.G.)
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Li H, Liu JX, Wang Y, Zhuang J. The ascorbate peroxidase 1 regulates ascorbic acid metabolism in fresh-cut leaves of tea plant during postharvest storage under light/dark conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110500. [PMID: 32540018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest storage conditions affect the ascorbic acid (AsA) levels in fresh-cut leaves of horticultural crops. However, the detailed mechanism of AsA metabolism in the fresh-cut leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) during postharvest storage under light/dark conditions remains unclear. To investigate the AsA mechanism, we treated fresh-cut tea leaves with light/dark during postharvest storage. An ascorbate peroxidase 1 (CsAPX1) protein involved in AsA metabolism was identified by iTRAQ analysis. Gene expression profile of CsAPX1 encoding ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was regulated by light/dark conditions. AsA accumulation and APX activity were suppressed by light/dark conditions. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular mass of recombinant CsAPX1 protein was about 34.45 kDa. Subcellular localization indicated that CsAPX1 protein was a cytosol ascorbate peroxidase. Overexpression CsAPX1 in Arabidopsis indicated that the decrease of AsA content and APX activity in transgenic lines were less significant than that of WT during postharvest storage under light/dark conditions. These data suggested that CsAPX1 involved in regulating AsA metabolism through effecting on the changes of AsA accumulation and APX activity in fresh-cut tea leaves during postharvest storage under light/dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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13
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Time-Dependent Effects of Bentazon Application on the Key Antioxidant Enzymes of Soybean and Common Ragweed. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The presence or absence of light is one of the most significant environmental factors affecting plant growth and defence. Therefore, the selection of the most appropriate time of application may maximize the benefits of photosynthetic inhibitors. In this work, the concentration and daytime or night-time-dependent effects of bentazon were tested in soybean and common ragweed. The recommended dose (1440 g ha−1) and also half the recommended dose significantly reduced the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and increased H2O2 levels in common ragweed. Interestingly, bentazon did not change Fv/Fm in soybean. The activity of superoxide dismutase changed in a dose-dependent manner only in common ragweed. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) did not change significantly in this plant species. In soybean, alterations in H2O2 levels were lower but GST and APX activity, as well as AsA and GSH levels were higher compared to common ragweed. At the same time, the rate of lipid peroxidation and ion leakage increased upon bentazon, and were higher in the light phase-treated leaves in the case of both plant species. These results can contribute to optimizing the effects and uses of herbicides in agriculture.
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14
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Poór P. Effects of Salicylic Acid on the Metabolism of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E341. [PMID: 32098073 PMCID: PMC7072379 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Different abiotic and biotic stresses lead to the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell organelles such as in mitochondria, resulting in oxidative stress, inducing defense responses or programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In response to oxidative stress, cells activate various cytoprotective responses, enhancing the antioxidant system, increasing the activity of alternative oxidase and degrading the oxidized proteins. Oxidative stress responses are orchestrated by several phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The biomolecule SA is a key regulator in mitochondria-mediated defense signaling and PCD, but the mode of its action is not known in full detail. In this review, the current knowledge on the multifaceted role of SA in mitochondrial ROS metabolism is summarized to gain a better understanding of SA-regulated processes at the subcellular level in plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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15
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The Multifaceted Roles of Plant Hormone Salicylic Acid in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235842. [PMID: 31766401 PMCID: PMC6928836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different abiotic and biotic stresses lead to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in ER stress. In response to ER stress, cells activate various cytoprotective responses, enhancing chaperon synthesis, protein folding capacity, and degradation of misfolded proteins. These responses of plants are called the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress signaling and UPR can be regulated by salicylic acid (SA), but the mode of its action is not known in full detail. In this review, the current knowledge on the multifaceted role of SA in ER stress and UPR is summarized in model plants and crops to gain a better understanding of SA-regulated processes at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels.
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16
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Filgueiras CC, Martins AD, Pereira RV, Willett DS. The Ecology of Salicylic Acid Signaling: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Effects with Applications in Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5851. [PMID: 31766518 PMCID: PMC6928651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The salicylic acid pathway is one of the primary plant defense pathways, is ubiquitous in vascular plants, and plays a role in rapid adaptions to dynamic abiotic and biotic stress. Its prominence and ubiquity make it uniquely suited for understanding how biochemistry within plants can mediate ecological consequences. Induction of the salicylic acid pathway has primary effects on the plant in which it is induced resulting in genetic, metabolomic, and physiologic changes as the plant adapts to challenges. These primary effects can in turn have secondary consequences for herbivores and pathogens attacking the plant. These secondary effects can both directly influence plant attackers and mediate indirect interactions between herbivores and pathogens. Additionally, stimulation of salicylic acid related defenses can affect natural enemies, predators and parasitoids, which can recruit to plant signals with consequences for herbivore populations and plant herbivory aboveground and belowground. These primary, secondary, and tertiary ecological consequences of salicylic acid signaling hold great promise for application in agricultural systems in developing sustainable high-yielding management practices that adapt to changing abiotic and biotic environments.
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Poór P, Patyi G, Takács Z, Szekeres A, Bódi N, Bagyánszki M, Tari I. Salicylic acid-induced ROS production by mitochondrial electron transport chain depends on the activity of mitochondrial hexokinases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:273-283. [PMID: 30758749 PMCID: PMC7196940 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The growth regulator, salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in the induction of cell death in plants. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC), cytochrome c (cyt c) release from mitochondria and loss of mitochondrial integrity can be observed during cell death execution in plant tissues. The aim of this work was to study the putative role of hexokinases (HXKs) in the initiation of cell death using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves and mitochondria isolated from plants exposed to a sublethal, 0.1 mM and a cell death-inducing, 1 mM concentrations of SA. Both treatments enhanced ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production in the leaves, which contributed to a concentration-dependent loss of membrane integrity. Images prepared by transmission electron microscopy showed swelling and disorganisation of mitochondrial cristae and vacuolization of mitochondria after SA exposure. Using post-embedding immunohistochemistry, cyt c release from mitochondria was also detected after 1 mM SA treatment. Both SA treatments decreased the activity and transcript levels of HXKs in the leaves and the total mtHXK activity in the mitochondrial fraction. The role of mitochondrial hexokinases (mtHXKs) in ROS and NO production of isolated mitochondria was investigated by the addition of HXK substrate, glucose (Glc) and a specific HXK inhibitor, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) to the mitochondrial suspension. Both SA treatments enhanced ROS production by mtETC in the presence of succinate and ADP, which was slightly inhibited by Glc and increased significantly by NAG in control and in 0.1 mM SA-treated mitochondria. These changes were not significant at 1 mM SA, which caused disorganisation of mitochondrial membranes. Thus the inhibition of mtHXK activity can contribute to the mitochondrial ROS production, but it is not involved in NO generation in SA-treated leaf mitochondria suggesting that SA can promote cell death by suppressing mtHXK transcription and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Patyi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Takács
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Bódi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Mária Bagyánszki
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
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18
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Zhu X, Yu L, Zhang M, Xu Z, Yao Z, Wu Q, Du X, Li J. Design, synthesis and biological activity of hydroxybenzoic acid ester conjugates of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:111. [PMID: 30386935 PMCID: PMC6768031 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared 16 novel hydroxybenzoic acid ester conjugates of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and investigated their biological activity. Most of the synthesized conjugates displayed some level of fungicidal activities in vitro against five phytopathogenic fungi. Nine conjugates 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5h, 5i, 5m, 5n and 5o (EC50 between 3.2 μg/mL and 14.1 μg/mL) were more active than PCA (EC50 18.6 μg/mL) against Rhizoctonia solani. Especially conjugate 5c showed the higher fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani which is 6.5-fold than PCA. And the results of the bioassay indicated that the fungicidal activity of conjugates was associated with their LogP, and the optimal LogP values of the more potent fungicidal activities within these conjugates ranged from 4.42 to 5.08. The systemic acquired resistance induced by PCA-SA ester conjugate 5c against rice sheath blight disease in rice seedlings was evaluated. The results revealed that PCA-SA ester conjugate 5c retained the resistance induction activity of SA against rice sheath blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Linhua Yu
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Zongli Yao
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Qinglai Wu
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Xiaoying Du
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Junkai Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
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19
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Takács Z, Poór P, Borbély P, Czékus Z, Szalai G, Tari I. H 2O 2 homeostasis in wild-type and ethylene-insensitive Never ripe tomato in response to salicylic acid treatment in normal photoperiod and in prolonged darkness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 126:74-85. [PMID: 29505970 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene proved to be an important modulator of salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway. Since SA may regulate both the production and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which show light-dependency, the aim of this study was to compare H2O2 metabolism in the leaves of SA-treated wild-type (WT) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ailsa Craig) and in ethylene receptor Never-ripe (Nr) mutants grown in normal photoperiod or in prolonged darkness. H2O2 accumulation was higher in the WT than in the mutants in normal photoperiod after 1 mM SA treatment, while Nr leaves contained more H2O2 after light deprivation. The expression of certain superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes and activity of the enzyme followed the same tendency as H2O2, which was scavenged by different enzymes in the two genotypes. Catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) activity was inhibited by SA in WT, while the mutants maintained enhanced enzyme activity in the dark. Thus, in WT, CAT inhibition was the major component of the H2O2 accumulation elicited by 1 mM SA in a normal photoperiod, since the expression and/or activity of ascorbate (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol peroxidases (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) were induced in the leaves. The absence of APX and POD activation in mutant plants suggests that the regulation of these enzymes by SA needs functional ethylene signalling. While the block of ethylene perception in Nr mutants was overwritten in the transcription and activity of certain SOD and CAT isoenzymes during prolonged darkness, the low APX and POD activities led to H2O2 accumulation in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Takács
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Péter Borbély
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2., Hungary.
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
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20
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Zhou S, Hong Q, Li Y, Li Q, Wang M. Autophagy contributes to regulate the ROS levels and PCD progress in TMV-infected tomatoes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 269:12-19. [PMID: 29606209 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) and autophagy are both important means for plants to resist pathogen. It is also the main biological reaction of plant immunity. In previous studies, we found that TMV local-infection on tomato leaves not only caused the PCD process in the distal root tissues, but also induced autophagy in root-tip cells. However, the reasons for these biological phenomena are unclear. In order to get deeper insight, the role of a putative inducible factor reactive oxidative species (ROS) was investigated. The situ staining and subcellular localization analysis showed that the ROS level in the root tissue of TMV infected plants was significantly promoted. TEM observation showed that the intracellular ROS was excreted into the cell wall and intercellular layer. At the same time, the results of western blot and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of autophagy related protein Atg8 and genes (Atg5, Atg7 and Atg10) were increased. However, in the subsequent DPI inhibition experiments we found that the accumulation of ROS in infected plant root-tip tissues was inhibited and the autophagy in the root-tip cells also decreased. When 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to inhibit autophagy, there was no significant change in the ROS level in the apical tissue, while the systemic PCD process of the root-tip cells was elevated. Taken together, these results indicate that local TMV inoculation on the leaves induced the root-tip cells producing and releasing a lot of ROS into the extracellular matrix for defense against pathogen invasion. Meanwhile, ROS acted as a signaling substance and triggered autophagy in root-tip cells, in order to eliminate excessive intracellular ROS oxidative damage and maintain cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhou
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiang Hong
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yang Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qi Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mao Wang
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
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Gharbi E, Lutts S, Dailly H, Quinet M. Comparison between the impacts of two different modes of salicylic acid application on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) responses to salinity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1469361. [PMID: 29944448 PMCID: PMC6103279 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1469361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous application of salicylic acid may improve tolerance to salinity. To investigate whether exogenous salicylic acid application had similar protective effects when applied as a priming agent or concomitantly with NaCl, tomato seedlings primed or not with 10 µM salicylic acid were further treated with 125 mM NaCl, 10 µM salicylic acid or combined treatments. Both priming and concomitant application of salicylic acid increased plant growth of salt-stressed plants but their positive impact was not additive. The endogenous salicylic acid concentration increased in the leaves after concomitant application but not in response to priming, suggesting that salicylic acid accumulated during priming was metabolized subsequently. Priming increased Na+ and K+ accumulation in leaves of salt-treated plants while concomitant application had no impact on shoot Na+ and K+ accumulation. Both priming and concomitant salicylic acid decreased osmotic potential values in salt-treated plants. Carbon isotope discrimination showed that combination of both salicylic acid application methods were required to maintain a good water use efficiency in salt-treated plants. Our work demonstrated that both procedures of salicylic acid application have positive impact on salt resistance but that the underlying properties sustaining these adaptations differ according to application methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gharbi
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A) – Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S. Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A) – Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - H. Dailly
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A) – Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M. Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A) – Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- CONTACT M. Quinet, Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A) – Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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