The role of IL-1 gene polymorphisms (IL1A, IL1B, and IL1RN) as a risk factor in unsuccessful implants retaining overdentures

The Influence of Genetics and Gene Polymorphism on Biological Complications for Dental Implant Survival: A Review

The objective of this review is to expose the main genetic changes and genetic polymorphisms that may or may not be associated with greater susceptibility to reduced survival of dental implants and, consequently, to their loss. Case-control studies that fully portrayed the specific types of genetic polymorphisms that may be associated with dental implant failure were included by searching in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to 2023. The following descriptors and their combinations in English were used to search for articles: "dental implants," "bone genes," "genetics," "polymorphism genetics," "genetic risk factor," and "interleukin." The initial search resulted in 107 results (PubMed n = 47, Scopus n = 14, and Web of Science n = 46). After a manual search, reviewing each article's title and abstract, and excluding duplicates, systematic reviews, and literature reviews, 30 articles were selected. After reading these 30 articles in full, 18 studies that did not describe the specific genetic polymorphism in relation to dental implant survival were excluded. Therefore, 12 articles were included in this review. The genetic polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-1A, IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor-α, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B legend, and cluster of differentiation 14 were analyzed in the included studies. In seven of the studies, a statistically significant correlation between genetic polymorphisms and dental implant failure was observed. Of the polymorphisms studied, IL-1A (-899), IL-1B (+3954), and IL-4 (+33) showed a greater association with dental implant loss.

IL-1 β gene (+3954 C/T, exon 5, rs1143634) and NOS2 (exon 22) polymorphisms associate with early aseptic loosening of arthroplasties

Aseptic prosthetic loosening (APL) and prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are frequent complications of hip and knee implants. Polymorphisms of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), key inflammatory molecules in APL and PJI pathogenesis, could explain individual susceptibility to these complications. Three cytokines (IL-1-a, IL-1-β, TNF-α) and two nitric oxide synthase (NOS2, NOS3) genes polymorphisms were genotyped in 77 APL and 117 PJI patients and 145 controls with aseptic hip or knee implants that were implanted for > 16 years. Plasma cytokines and nitrate-nitrite (NOx) levels also were measured. The TT genotype and T allele of (+3954 C/T, exon 5, rs1143634) IL-1β polymorphism were more frequent in APL patients compared to controls (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). No genotypic associations in PJI patients were observed. Plasma IL-6, TNF-α and NOx were significantly different between APL and controls (P < 0.0001). Plasma IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly higher in APL T allele carriers vs. non-carriers (P < 0.03). Knee implant (HR 2.488, 95% CI 1.307-4.739, P = 0.005), male gender (HR 2.252, 95% CI 1.121-4.525, P = 0.023), carriages of the TT genotype of the (+3954 C/T) IL-1β polymorphism (HR 3.704, 95% CI 1.274-10.753, P = 0.016) and AA genotype of the (exon 22) NOS2 polymorphism (HR 3.509, 95% CI 1.266-9.709, P = 0.016) were independently associated with a shorter implant survival by Cox regression. No genotypic associations in PJI patients were observed. Genotyping of IL-1β (+3954 C/T, exon 5, rs1143634) and NOS2 (exon 22) polymorphisms could be useful as predictors of early hip or knee APL.

Chronic Stress and Depression in Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological, Neurobehavioral and Immune-Microbiome Interplays and Clinical Management Implications

Besides the well-known systemic factors for periodontal and peri-implant diseases, additional co-factors, such as chronic stress and depression, may also affect disease onset and progression as well as treatment responsiveness. Neurobiological and neurobehavioral pathogenic links between chronic stress and depression, on the one side, and periodontitis and peri-implantitis, on the other side, which have been little investigated and principally related to necrotizing periodontal disease, have been reviewed, along with their putative interconnections with periodontal immune-microbiome balance. Rising evidence suggest that dysregulated neurobiological and neurobehavioral factors, as well as periodontal immune-microbiome unbalance, all related to chronic stress and depression, may crucially interact and thus represent contributing factors in the genesis and worsening not only of necrotizing periodontal lesions, but also of chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Such potential interconnections may be even more relevant in recurrent and aggressive cases of periodontal and peri-implant disease, which are frequently refractory to therapy, and may, if corroborated, coherently pave the way for personalized prevention and treatment strategies, possibly targeting immune-microbiome unbalance and neurobehavioral factors and focusing on neurobiological ones, especially in chronically stressed and depressed subjects with periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

Association between common polymorphisms in IL-1 and TNFα and risk of peri-implant disease: A meta-analysis

Background

Pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) play important roles in host immune response and bone metabolism during dental implant osseointegration. Whether the functional polymorphisms in IL-1α, IL-1β and TNFα were associated with peri-implant disease was unclear, and we performed the present meta-analysis for this purpose.

Methods

Eligible studies investigating IL-1α C-889T, IL-1β C+3954T and C-511T, TNFα G-308A, composite genotype of IL-1α C-889T and IL-1β C+3954T for association with peri-implant disease, including peri-implantitis (PI), marginal bone loss (MBL) and implant failure/loss (IF/IL), were searched on several literature databases prior to April 30, 2021. Odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each polymorphism in different genetic models and for composite genotype comparing carriers to non-carriers.

Results

Twenty-seven studies (1324 cases with peri-implant disease and 1808 controls with healthy implants) were included. There was significant correlation between IL-1α C-889T and peri-implant disease in all genetic models. IL-1β C+3954T was associated with peri-implant disease risk in allelic (OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.17–2.35, p = 0.004) and dominant model (OR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.19–2.53, p = 0.004), and in subgroups of Asians, Caucasians, non-smokers, IF/IL and PI. TT genotype of IL-1β C-511T increased the risk of peri-implant disease (OR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.15–2.43, p = 0.007) and MBL (OR = 4.33, 95%CI 1.72–10.9, p = 0.002) compared to CC+CT genotypes. We did not observed a significant association between TNFα G-308A and peri-implant diseases in overall or subgroups analysis. Carriers of positive composite genotype of IL-1α C-889T and IL-1β C+3954T had 1.95-fold (95%CI 1.35–2.80, p<0.001) risk of peri-implant disease and 1.76-fold (95%CI 1.05–2.95, p = 0.032) risk of IF/IL than non-carriers.

Conclusion

Functional polymorphisms of IL-1α (C-889T), IL-1β (C+3954T, C-511T) and composite genotype of IL-1 can be used as predictive markers for peri-implant disease, whereas TNFα G-308A polymorphism was not associated with peri-implant disease.

Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphism and early crestal bone loss around submerged dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim:

Early crestal bone loss (ECBL) has been observed regardless of the absence of possible etiologic factors for bone loss during the healing phase and before the second-stage implant surgery. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to correlate the possible association of interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms and ECBL (bone loss before the second-stage surgery) around dental implants.

Settings and Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.

Materials and Methods:

Considering the inclusion criteria, an electronic search by using specific keywords of three databases PubMed [(“Dental” OR “oral”) AND (“Implants*”) AND (“gene polymorphism” OR “genotype” AND (“IL-1” OR “interleukins”)], Cochrane library [implant AND (biomarker or cytokine), interleukin-1 or IL-1 AND implants], and EMBASE [(“gene polymorphisms”/de OR “interleukins”/cytokine exp OR “biomarker”:ti,ab,kw) AND (“dental implantation”/de OR “oral implant”)] and manual search from 1995 till March 2020 was made by 2 independently calibrated reviewers. ACROBAT-NRSI, Version 1.0.0 and Review Manager, Version 5.3, computer software were used for the risk of bias assessment and to conduct the meta-analysis respectively.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Cochran's Q test and I² statistics.

Results:

Of 38 articles which were found eligible for full-text screening, two articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and hence were included in the meta-analysis. The I² statistic and Q-test values of the included studies revealed acceptable homogeneity for studied three IL-1 gene polymorphisms (IL-1A−889: I² =0%, IL-1B − 511: I² = 0%, IL-1B+3954: I² = 24%). Forest plot of association between IL-1B−511 gene and ECBL revealed a significant association between 2/2 genotype of IL-1B−511 gene and an increased risk of ECBL (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09–0.58, P_{heterogeneity}= 0.68, I² = 0%, and P = 0.002). Results of the IL-1A−889 and IL-1B+3954 gene revealed no significant associations between any genotype of these genes with risk of ECBL.

Conclusions:

There is an evidence of the association of IL-1B−511 (2/2) genetic polymorphisms and increased ECBL in the individuals of Asian ethnicity (OR = 0.23, P = 0.002).

The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and dental implant loss: a scoping review

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and dental implant loss.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

All case-control studies examining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and dental implant failure were considered. A Boolean search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus to find eligible studies.

RESULTS

The initial search produced 78 results. Twenty-one studies were considered for inclusion after review and 16 were included in the final review. Twenty-two different polymorphisms were analyzed and statistically significant correlation was found for IL-4, IL-1A, IL-1B, MMP-8, and MMP-1 polymorphisms for dental implant failure.

DISCUSSION

A limited number of comprehensive studies have been done in this field. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnic backgrounds need to be done to see if the results can be reproduced. Of the polymorphisms studied, the IL-4 (+33), MMP-8 (-799), MMP-1 (-519), and MMP-1 (-1607) polymorphisms show the greatest association with dental implant loss.

Matrix metalloproteinases gene polymorphism haplotype is a risk factor to implant loss: A case-control study

BACKGROUND

Dental implants consist in the treatment of choice to replace tooth loss. The knowledge that implant loss tends to cluster in subsets of individuals may indicate that host response is influenced by genetic factors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that contribute to degradation and removal of collagen from extracellular matrix.

PURPOSE

This case-control study aimed to investigate the haplotypic combination of MMP polymorphism (rs1144393, rs1799750, rs3025058, and rs11225395) and implant loss.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Two hundred nonsmokers subjects were matched by gender, age, implant number and position and divided in control group, 100 patients with one or more healthy implants, and test group, and 100 patients with one or more implant failures. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and genotypes were obtained by PCR-RFLP.

RESULTS

A significant association of rs1799750 (MMP-1) and rs11225395 (MMP-8) polymorphism on early implant loss was demonstrated (P ≤ 0.001). Global haplotype analysis indicated a significant difference between both groups (P < 0.0001). Haplotype T-A-GG-5A-C had a statistically significant risk effect, while haplotype C-A-G-6A-C andT-G-2G-5A-C had a protective effect in implant loss.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study showed that MMPs haplotype are a risk factor to early implant loss.