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Pang X, Liu S, Suo J, Yang T, Hasan S, Hassan A, Xu J, Lu S, Mi S, Liu H, Yao J. Proteome Dynamics Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Salinity and Drought Response during Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Tamarix hispida. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030656. [PMID: 36980928 PMCID: PMC10048391 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of seed germination and seedling growth is vital for mining functional genes for the improvement of plant drought in a desert. Tamarix hispida is extremely resistant to drought and soil salinity perennial shrubs or trees. This study was the first to investigate the protein abundance profile of the transition process during the processes of T. hispida seed germination and seedling growth using label-free proteomics approaches. Our data suggested that asynchronous regulation of transcriptomics and proteomics occurs upon short-term seed germination and seedling growth of T. hispida. Enrichment analysis revealed that the main differentially abundant proteins had significant enrichment in stimulus response, biosynthesis, and metabolism. Two delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetases (P5CS), one Ycf3-interacting protein (Y3IP), one low-temperature-induced 65 kDa protein-like molecule, and four peroxidases (PRX) were involved in both water deprivation and hyperosmotic salinity responses. Through a comparative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics, we found that proteomics may be better at studying short-term developmental processes. Our results support the existence of several mechanisms that enhance tolerance to salinity and drought stress during seedling growth in T. hispida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin’an Pang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangtao Suo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tiange Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Samira Hasan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ali Hassan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sushuangqing Lu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sisi Mi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.Y.)
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Comparative proteome analysis of matured dry and germinating Moringa oleifera seeds provides insights into protease activity during germination. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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3
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Graziano S, Marando S, Prandi B, Boukid F, Marmiroli N, Francia E, Pecchioni N, Sforza S, Visioli G, Gullì M. Technological Quality and Nutritional Value of Two Durum Wheat Varieties Depend on Both Genetic and Environmental Factors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2384-2395. [PMID: 30742427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn) is a major food source in Mediterranean countries since it is utilized for the production of pasta, leavened and unleavened breads, couscous, and other traditional foods. The technological and nutritional properties of durum wheat semolina depend mainly on the type of gluten proteins and on their amount, which is a genotype- and environment-dependent trait. Gluten proteins are also responsible for celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune enteropathy with a prevalence of about 0.7-2% in the human population. At this purpose, two Italian durum wheat cultivars, Saragolla and Cappelli, currently used for monovarietal pasta, were chosen to compare (i) the reserve and embryo proteome, (ii) the free and bound phenolics, antioxidant activity, and amino acid composition, and (iii) the content of immunogenic peptides produced after a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results obtained from 2 years of field cultivation on average showed a higher amount of gluten proteins, amino acids, and immunogenic peptides in Cappelli. Saragolla showed a higher abundance in bound phenolics, antioxidant enzymes, and stress response proteins in line with its higher antioxidant activity. However, the impact of the year of cultivation, largely depending on varying rainfall regimes through the wheat growth cycle, was significant for most of the parameters investigated. Differences in technological and nutritional characteristics observed between the two cultivars are discussed in relation to the influence of genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Silvia Marando
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Fatma Boukid
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Enrico Francia
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Piazzale Europa 1 , 42124 Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 km 25,200 , I-71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
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4
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Li N, Zhang S, Liang Y, Qi Y, Chen J, Zhu W, Zhang L. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of drought stress-responsive late embryogenesis abundant proteins in the seedling leaves of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. J Proteomics 2018; 172:122-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Toxicoproteomic approaches for analysis of microbial community inhabiting Asian dust particles. Mol Cell Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Gu A, Hao P, Lv D, Zhen S, Bian Y, Ma C, Xu Y, Zhang W, Yan Y. Integrated Proteome Analysis of the Wheat Embryo and Endosperm Reveals Central Metabolic Changes Involved in the Water Deficit Response during Grain Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8478-87. [PMID: 26332669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The embryo and endosperm of wheat have different physiological functions and large differences in protein level. In this study, we performed the first integrated proteome analysis of wheat embryo and endosperm in response to the water deficit during grain development. In total, 155 and 130 differentially expressed protein (DEP) spots in the embryo and endosperm, respectively, were identified by nonlinear two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. These DEPs in the embryo were mainly involved in stress/defense responses such as heat shock-related proteins (HSP) and peroxidase, whereas those in endosperm were mainly related to starch and storage protein synthesis such as α-amylase inhibitor and the globulin-1 S allele. In particular, some storage proteins such as avenin-like proteins and high-molecular weight glutenin subunit Dy12 displayed higher expression levels in the mature endosperm under a water deficit, which might contribute to the improvement in the quality of breadmaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Pengchao Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongwen Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shoumin Zhen
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanwei Bian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chaoying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University , 434025 Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University , 434025 Jingzhou, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University , 434025 Jingzhou, China
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7
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Chakraborty S, Salekdeh GH, Yang P, Woo SH, Chin CF, Gehring C, Haynes PA, Mirzaei M, Komatsu S. Proteomics of Important Food Crops in the Asia Oceania Region: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2723-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pingfang Yang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sun Hee Woo
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Chiew Foan Chin
- University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chris Gehring
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
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8
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He M, Zhu C, Dong K, Zhang T, Cheng Z, Li J, Yan Y. Comparative proteome analysis of embryo and endosperm reveals central differential expression proteins involved in wheat seed germination. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:97. [PMID: 25888100 PMCID: PMC4407426 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat seeds provide a staple food and an important protein source for the world's population. Seed germination is vital to wheat growth and development and directly affects grain yield and quality. In this study, we performed the first comparative proteomic analysis of wheat embryo and endosperm during seed germination. RESULTS The proteomic changes in embryo and endosperm during the four different seed germination stages of elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhengmai 9023 were first investigated. In total, 74 and 34 differentially expressed protein (DEP) spots representing 63 and 26 unique proteins were identified in embryo and endosperm, respectively. Eight common DEP were present in both tissues, and 55 and 18 DEP were specific to embryo and endosperm, respectively. These identified DEP spots could be sorted into 13 functional groups, in which the main group was involved in different metabolism pathways, particularly in the reserves necessary for mobilization in preparation for seed germination. The DEPs from the embryo were mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism, proteometabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, and stress-related proteins, whereas those from the endosperm were mainly involved in protein storage, carbohydrate metabolism, inhibitors, stress response, and protein synthesis. During seed germination, both embryo and endosperm had a basic pattern of oxygen consumption, so the proteins related to respiration and energy metabolism were up-regulated or down-regulated along with respiration of wheat seeds. When germination was complete, most storage proteins from the endosperm began to be mobilized, but only a small amount was degraded during germination. Transcription expression of six representative DEP genes at the mRNA level was consistent with their protein expression changes. CONCLUSION Wheat seed germination is a complex process with imbibition, stirring, and germination stages, which involve a series of physiological, morphological, and proteomic changes. The first process is a rapid water uptake, in which the seed coat becomes softer and the physical state of storage materials change gradually. Then the germinated seed enters the second process (a plateau phase) and the third process (the embryonic axes elongation). Seed embryo and endosperm display distinct differentially expressed proteins, and their synergistic expression mechanisms provide a basis for the normal germination of wheat seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Kun Dong
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zhiwei Cheng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, 434025, Jingzhou, China.
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9
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Lin KH, Chen LFO, Li SD, Lo HF. Comparative proteomic analysis of cauliflower under high temperature and flooding stresses. SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2015; 183:118-129. [PMID: 32287882 PMCID: PMC7116940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature and waterlogging are major abiotic stresses that affect the yield and quality of cauliflower. Cauliflower cultivars 'H41' and 'H69' are tolerant to high temperature and flooding, respectively; however, 'H71' is sensitive to both stresses. The objectives of this study were to identify the proteins that were differentially regulated and the physiological changes that occurred during different time periods in 'H41', 'H69', and 'H71' when responding to treatments of flooding, 40 °C, and both stresses combined. Changes in the leaf proteome were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and identified by Mascot peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) and database searching. Stress treatments caused significant reductions in electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, chlorophyll content, and water potential as stress times were prolonged. By the comparative proteomic analysis, 85 protein peaks that were differentially expressed in response to combination treatments at 0, 6, and 24 h, 69 (33 in 'H41', 29 in 'H69', and 9 in 'H71') were identified, of which were cultivar specific. Differentially regulated proteins predominantly functioned in photosynthesis and to a lesser extent in energy metabolism, cellular homeostasis, transcription and translation, signal transduction, and protein biosynthesis. This is the first report that utilizes proteomics to discover changes in the protein expression profile of cauliflower in response to heat and flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - L F O Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - S D Li
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - H F Lo
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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10
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Irar S, González EM, Arrese-Igor C, Marino D. A proteomic approach reveals new actors of nodule response to drought in split-root grown pea plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:634-45. [PMID: 24754352 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought is considered the more harmful abiotic stress resulting in crops yield loss. Legumes in symbiosis with rhizobia are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Biological nitrogen fixation (SNF) is a very sensitive process to drought and limits legumes agricultural productivity. Several factors are known to regulate SNF including oxygen availability to bacteroids, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms; but the signaling pathways leading to SNF inhibition are largely unknown. In this work, we have performed a proteomic approach of pea plants grown in split-root system where one half of the root was well-irrigated and the other was subjected to drought. Water stress locally provoked nodule water potential decrease that led to SNF local inhibition. The proteomic approach revealed 11 and 7 nodule proteins regulated by drought encoded by Pisum sativum and Rhizobium leguminosarum genomes respectively. Among these 18 proteins, 3 proteins related to flavonoid metabolism, 2 to sulfur metabolism and 3 RNA-binding proteins were identified. These proteins could be molecular targets for future studies focused on the improvement of legumes tolerance to drought. Moreover, this work also provides new hints for the deciphering of SNF regulation machinery in nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Irar
- Servicio de Proteómica y Metabolómica, CRAG - Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica - CSIC IRTA UAB UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra (Cerdenyola del Valles), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Fercha A, Capriotti AL, Caruso G, Cavaliere C, Samperi R, Stampachiacchiere S, Laganà A. Comparative analysis of metabolic proteome variation in ascorbate-primed and unprimed wheat seeds during germination under salt stress. J Proteomics 2014; 108:238-57. [PMID: 24859728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seed priming with ascorbic acid improves salt tolerance in durum wheat. For understanding the potential mechanisms underlying this priming effect a gel-free shotgun proteomic analysis was performed comparing unprimed to ascorbate-primed wheat seed during germination under saline and non-saline conditions. Since seed germination is the result of interplay or cross-talk between embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, we studied the variation of metabolic proteome in both tissues separately. 167 of 697 identified and 69 of 471 identified proteins increase or decrease in abundance significantly in response to priming and/or salinity compared to untreated, unstressed control in embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, respectively. In untreated wheat embryo salt stress was accompanied by change in 129 proteins, most of which are belonging to metabolism, energy, disease/defense, protein destination and storage categories. Ascorbate pretreatment prevents and counteracts the effects of salinity upon most of these proteins and changes specifically the abundance of 35 others proteins, most of which are involved in metabolism, protein destination and storage categories. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three and two major clusters of protein expression in embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, respectively. This study opens promising new avenues to understand priming-induced salt tolerance in plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE To clearly understand how ascorbate-priming enhance the salt tolerance of durum wheat during germination, we performed for the first time a comparative shotgun proteomic analysis between unprimed and ascorbate-primed wheat seeds during germination under saline and non-saline conditions. Furthermore, since seed germination is the result of interplay or cross-talk between embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues we analyzed the variation of metabolic proteome in both tissues separately. 1168 proteins exhibiting greater molecular weight diversity (ranging from 5 to 258kDa) were identified. Among them, 167 and 69 proteins were increased or decreased in abundance significantly by priming and/or salinity as compared to control, in embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues respectively. Ascorbate pretreatment alleviates the effects of salinity upon most of these proteins, particularly those involved in metabolism, energy, disease/defense, protein destination and storage functions. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three and two major clusters of protein accumulation in embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, respectively. These results may provide new avenues for understanding and advancing priming-induced salt tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzedine Fercha
- Department of Biology, University of Abbès Laghrour Khenchela, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria; Department of Biology, University of Mentouri Constantine, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Samperi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Irar S, Brini F, Masmoudi K, Pagès M. Combination of 2DE and LC for plant proteomics analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1072:131-140. [PMID: 24136519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-631-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of analytical biochemical techniques with different separation properties allows us to better understand the proteome. To demonstrate this we have used two different methodologies to analyze embryos from a Tunisian cultivar of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), variety Oum Rabiaa. We compared conventional 2D electrophoresis with liquid-phase chromatography. Our results show that a similar number of proteins were detected with both techniques. However, analysis of protein resolution at different pH ranges showed significant differences. By using a large pH gradient we observed that liquid chromatography presents higher resolution at extreme pH, either acidic or basic. Conversely, 2DE is more resolutive at intermediate pH (pH 5-6.5). Taking these results in consideration, we propose that 2DE and liquid chromatography are complementary methods to analyze complex protein extracts and can be used in parallel to acquire a wider perspective and a better understanding of the embryo proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Irar
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenomica (CRAG), Campus UAB, Edificio CRAG, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Proteomic approach for identifying gonad differential proteins in the oyster (Crassostrea angulata) following food-chain contamination with HgCl2. J Proteomics 2013; 94:37-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Ai-Jun M, Zhi-Hui H, Xin-An W. Changes in protein composition of epidermal mucus in turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.) under high water temperature. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1411-1418. [PMID: 23543157 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To explore the skin mucous of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) protein under thermo-treatment in different temperatures (20, 23, 25, and 27 °C), the corresponding proteome maps were constructed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), from which the peptide mass map with MALDI-TOF-TOF was obtained, and a novel protein of polypeptide was identified by database retrieval. Results show that the proteome maps varied remarkably with temperature, indicating the increase or decrease in protein spot. Totally, 209 protein spots were matched in five maps in temperature using ImageMaster 2D Platinum 6.0. In addition, six unique protein spots were selected and identified with MALDI-TOF-TOF. By searching database for protein identification and function prediction, five proteins were confirmed, of which lectin and cytokeratin are highly potential as protein marker for further research. The information should be useful for better understanding the role of mucus as a component of innate immune system and for identifying genotypes that suit best to the aquiculture environment. These proteins could be used as potential biomarkers to environmental stressors in mucus for providing early warning when fish suffers in a dangerous situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Ai-Jun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China,
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15
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Abreu IA, Farinha AP, Negrão S, Gonçalves N, Fonseca C, Rodrigues M, Batista R, Saibo NJM, Oliveira MM. Coping with abiotic stress: proteome changes for crop improvement. J Proteomics 2013; 93:145-68. [PMID: 23886779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant breeders need new and more precise tools to accelerate breeding programs that address the increasing needs for food, feed, energy and raw materials, while facing a changing environment in which high salinity and drought have major impacts on crop losses worldwide. This review covers the achievements and bottlenecks in the identification and validation of proteins with relevance in abiotic stress tolerance, also mentioning the unexpected consequences of the stress in allergen expression. While addressing the key pathways regulating abiotic stress plant adaptation, comprehensive data is presented on the proteins confirmed as relevant to confer tolerance. Promising candidates still to be confirmed are also highlighted, as well as the specific protein families and protein modifications for which detection and characterization is still a challenge. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Plant Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Abreu
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress Laboratory (GPlantS Lab), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; iBET, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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16
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Drought tolerance in modern and wild wheat. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:548246. [PMID: 23766697 PMCID: PMC3671283 DOI: 10.1155/2013/548246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Triticum includes bread (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) and constitutes a major source for human food consumption. Drought is currently the leading threat on world's food supply, limiting crop yield, and is complicated since drought tolerance is a quantitative trait with a complex phenotype affected by the plant's developmental stage. Drought tolerance is crucial to stabilize and increase food production since domestication has limited the genetic diversity of crops including wild wheat, leading to cultivated species, adapted to artificial environments, and lost tolerance to drought stress. Improvement for drought tolerance can be achieved by the introduction of drought-grelated genes and QTLs to modern wheat cultivars. Therefore, identification of candidate molecules or loci involved in drought tolerance is necessary, which is undertaken by "omics" studies and QTL mapping. In this sense, wild counterparts of modern varieties, specifically wild emmer wheat (T. dicoccoides), which are highly tolerant to drought, hold a great potential. Prior to their introgression to modern wheat cultivars, drought related candidate genes are first characterized at the molecular level, and their function is confirmed via transgenic studies. After integration of the tolerance loci, specific environment targeted field trials are performed coupled with extensive analysis of morphological and physiological characteristics of developed cultivars, to assess their performance under drought conditions and their possible contributions to yield in certain regions. This paper focuses on recent advances on drought related gene/QTL identification, studies on drought related molecular pathways, and current efforts on improvement of wheat cultivars for drought tolerance.
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Valdés AE, Irar S, Majada JP, Rodríguez A, Fernández B, Pagès M. Drought tolerance acquisition in Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.): A research on plant morphology, physiology and proteomics. J Proteomics 2013; 79:263-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are very dynamic and metabolically active organelles and are a very important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2, O2 (.-) and · OH, which are mainly produced in different metabolic pathways, including fatty acid β-oxidation, photorespiration, nucleic acid and polyamine catabolism, ureide metabolism, etc. ROS were originally associated to oxygen toxicity; however, these reactive species also play a central role in the signaling network regulating essential processes in the cell. Peroxisomes have the capacity to rapidly produce and scavenge H2O2 and O2 (.-) which allows to regulate dynamic changes in ROS levels. This fact and the plasticity of these organelles, which allows adjusting their metabolism depending on different developmental and environmental cues, makes these organelles play a central role in cellular signal transduction. The use of catalase and glycolate oxidase loss-of-function mutants has allowed to study the consequences of changes in the levels of endogenous H2O2 in peroxisomes and has improved our knowledge of the transcriptomic profile of genes regulated by peroxisomal ROS. It is now known that peroxisomal ROS participate in more complex signaling networks involving calcium, hormones, and redox homeostasis which finally determine the response of plants to their environment.
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Abstract
To gain insights into the protein dynamics during seed development, a proteomic study on the developing Brassica campestri L. seeds with embryos in different embryogenesis stages was carried out. The seed proteins at 10, 16, 20, 25 and 35 DAP (days after pollination), respectively, were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identities of 209 spots with altered abundance were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). These proteins were classified into 16 groups according to their functions. The most abundant proteins were related to primary metabolism, indicating the heavy demand of materials for rapid embryo growth. Besides, the high amount of proteins involved in protein processing and destination indicated importance of protein renewal during seed development. The remaining were those participated in oxidation/detoxification, energy, defense, transcription, protein synthesis, transporter, cell structure, signal transduction, secondary metabolism, transposition, DNA repair, storage and so on. Protein abundance profiles of each functional class were generated and hierarchical cluster analysis established 8 groups of dynamic patterns. Our results revealed novel characters of protein dynamics in seed development in Brassica campestri L. and provided valuable information about the complex process of seed development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Yi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Proteome changes of fresh-cut Zizania latifolia during refrigerated (1 °C) storage. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Di Carli M, Benvenuto E, Donini M. Recent insights into plant-virus interactions through proteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:4765-80. [PMID: 22954327 DOI: 10.1021/pr300494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses represent a major threat for a wide range of host species causing severe losses in agricultural practices. The full comprehension of mechanisms underlying events of virus-host plant interaction is crucial to devise novel plant resistance strategies. Until now, functional genomics studies in plant-virus interaction have been limited mainly on transcriptomic analysis. Only recently are proteomic approaches starting to provide important contributions to this area of research. Classical two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is still the most widely used platform in plant proteome analysis, although in the last years the application of quantitative "second generation" proteomic techniques (such as differential in gel electrophoresis, DIGE, and gel-free protein separation methods) are emerging as more powerful analytical approaches. Apparently simple, plant-virus interactions reveal a really complex pathophysiological context, in which resistance, defense and susceptibility, and direct virus-induced reactions interplay to trigger expression responses of hundreds of genes. Given that, this review is specifically focused on comparative proteome-based studies on pathogenesis of several viral genera, including some of the most important and widespread plant viruses of the genus Tobamovirus, Sobemovirus, Cucumovirus and Potyvirus. In all, this overview reveals a widespread repression of proteins associated with the photosynthetic apparatus, while energy metabolism/protein synthesis and turnover are typically up-regulated, indicating a major redirection of cell metabolism. Other common features include the modulation of metabolisms concerning sugars, cell wall, and reactive oxigen species as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The fine-tuning between plant development and antiviral defense mechanisms determines new patterns of regulation of common metabolic pathways. By offering a 360-degree view of protein modulation, all proteomic tools reveal the extraordinary intricacy of mechanisms with which a simple viral genome perturbs the plant cell molecular networks. This "omic" approach, while providing a global perspective and useful information to the understanding of the plant host-virus interactome, may possibly reveal protein targets/markers useful in the design of future diagnosis and/or plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariasole Di Carli
- ENEA, Laboratorio Biotecnologie, UT BIORAD-FARM, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy
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22
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Park JM, Kim M, Min J, Lee SM, Shin KS, Oh SD, Oh SJ, Kim YH. Proteomic identification of a novel toxin protein (Txp40) from Xenorhabdus nematophila and its insecticidal activity against larvae of Plutella xylostella. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4053-4059. [PMID: 22352834 DOI: 10.1021/jf204351f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For the identification of a novel insecticidal protein, a two-dimensional liquid chromatography (PF-2D) system was used in a quantitative proteomic analysis of Xenorhabdus nematophila CBNU strain isolated from entomophagous nematode Steinernema carpocapsae . Protein patterns obtained from minimum and maximum insecticidal activities during cultivation were contrasted, and a novel toxin protein (Txp40) was identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. The DNA sequence of the cloned toxin gene (1089 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 363 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41162 Da. The txp40 identified in this study is most closely related to the known txp40 cloned from X. nematophila EB (ADQ92844) with 94.4% identical sequence residues. Following the expression of the newly identified toxin gene in Escherichia coli , the insecticidal activity of the recombinant toxin protein was determined against Plutella xylostella larvae; a 56.7% mortality rate was observed within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
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23
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Yin C, Teng Y, Luo Y, Christie P. Proteomic response of wheat embryos to fosthiazate stress in a protected vegetable soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1843-1853. [PMID: 23520855 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)61013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A proteomic analysis of wheat defense response induced by the widely used organophosphorus nematicide fosthiazate is reported. Seed germination and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) experiments were performed using a Chinese wheat cultivar, Zhenmai No. 5. Root and shoot elongation decreased but thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content in embryos increased with increasing pesticide concentration. More than 1000 protein spots were reproducibly detected in each silver-stained gel. Thirty-seven protein spots with at least 2-fold changes were identified using MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis. Of these, 24 spots were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated. Proteins identified included some well-known classical stress responsive proteins under abiotic or biotic stresses as well as some unusual responsive proteins. Ten responsive proteins were reported for the first time at the proteomic level, including fatty acyl CoA reductase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase, DEAD-box ATPase-RNA-helicase, fimbriata-like protein, waxy B1, rust resistance kinase Lr10, putative In2.1 protein, retinoblastoma-related protein 1, pollen allergen-like protein and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase. The proteins identified were involved in several processes such as metabolism, defense/detoxification, cell structure/cell growth, signal transduction/transcription, photosynthesis and energy. Seven candidate proteins were further analyzed at the mRNA level by RT-PCR to compare transcript and protein accumulation patterns, revealing that not all the genes were correlated well with the protein level. Identification of these responsive proteins may provide new insight into the molecular basis of the fosthiazate-stress response in the early developmental stages of plants and may be useful in stress monitoring or stress-tolerant crop breeding for environmentally friendly agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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24
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Ge P, Ma C, Wang S, Gao L, Li X, Guo G, Ma W, Yan Y. Comparative proteomic analysis of grain development in two spring wheat varieties under drought stress. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1297-313. [PMID: 22080421 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two spring wheat varieties Ningchun 4 and Chinese Spring with good and poor resistance to abiotic stress, respectively, were used to investigate proteomic changes in the developing grains under drought stress by a comparative proteomics approach. A total of 152 protein spots showed at least twofold differences in abundance on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) maps, of which 28 and 68 protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, respectively. Of the 96 identified protein spots, six different expression patterns were found and they were involved in stress/defense/detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, storage proteins and some other important functions. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that under the drought conditions the decreased degree of ascorbate peroxidases was more significant in Chinese Spring than in Ningchun 4 during grain development whereas translationally controlled tumor protein, which was significantly upregulated at 14 DAF, was present in Ningchun 4 and absent in Chinese Spring. The Rubisco large subunit displayed an upregulated expression pattern in Ningchun 4. In addition, two drought-tolerant proteins, triosephosphate isomerase and oxygen-evolving complex showed B and F type expression patterns in Chinese Spring, but D and B types in Ningchun 4, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins might be responsible for the stronger drought resistance of Ningchun 4 compared to Chinese Spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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25
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The utilization of Triton X-100 for enhanced two-dimensional liquid-phase proteomics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:213643. [PMID: 22013380 PMCID: PMC3196251 DOI: 10.1155/2011/213643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in proteomics lies in obtaining a high level of reproducible fractionation of the protein samples. Automated two-dimensional liquid phase fractionation (PF2D) system manufactured by Beckman Coulter provides a process well suited for proteome studies. However, the protein recovery efficiency of such system is low when a protocol recommended by the manufacturer is used for metaproteome profiling of environmental sample. In search of an alternative method that can overcome existing limitations, this study replaced manufacturer's buffers with Triton X-100 during the PF2D evaluation of Escherichia coli K12. Three different Triton X-100 concentrations—0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2%—were used for the first-dimension protein profiling. As the first-dimension result was at its best in the presence of 0.15% Triton X-100, second-dimension protein fractionation was performed using 0.15% Triton X-100 and the standard buffers. When 0.15% Triton X-100 was used, protein recovery increased as much as tenfold. The elution reliability of 0.15% Triton X-100 determined with ribonuclease A, insulin, α-lactalbumin, trypsin inhibitor, and cholecystokinin (CCK) affirmed Triton X-100 at 15% can outperform the standard buffers without having adverse effects on samples. This novel use of 0.15% Triton X-100 for PF2D can lead to greater research possibilities in the field of proteomics.
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26
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Kolialexi A, Tounta G, Mavrou A, Tsangaris GT. Proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid for the diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:175-85. [PMID: 21501011 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advances in technologies associated with mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques have added a new dimension to the field of biomedical research. Most of the existing research on human gestation has focused on the application of these high-throughput methodologies in the study of amniotic fluid. In cases of fetal aneuploidies, the use of proteomic platforms has contributed to the identification of relevant protein biomarkers that could potentially change early diagnosis and treatment. The current article focuses on studies of normal amniotic fluid using proteomic technologies and describes alterations noted in the amniotic fluid proteome in the presence of fetal aneuploidies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Kolialexi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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27
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Sánchez-Pons N, Irar S, García-Muniz N, Vicient CM. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of maize embryos exposed to camptothecin. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:91. [PMID: 21595924 PMCID: PMC3118180 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camptothecin is a plant alkaloid that specifically binds topoisomerase I, inhibiting its activity and inducing double stranded breaks in DNA, activating the cell responses to DNA damage and, in response to severe treatments, triggering cell death. RESULTS Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of maize embryos that had been exposed to camptothecin were conducted. Under the conditions used in this study, camptothecin did not induce extensive degradation in the genomic DNA but induced the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair and repressed genes involved in cell division. Camptothecin also affected the accumulation of several proteins involved in the stress response and induced the activity of certain calcium-dependent nucleases. We also detected changes in the expression and accumulation of different genes and proteins involved in post-translational regulatory processes. CONCLUSIONS This study identified several genes and proteins that participate in DNA damage responses in plants. Some of them may be involved in general responses to stress, but others are candidate genes for specific involvement in DNA repair. Our results open a number of new avenues for researching and improving plant resistance to DNA injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Sánchez-Pons
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sami Irar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nora García-Muniz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos M Vicient
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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