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Hu S, Kou Y, Liu X, Rong W, Han H, Zhang G. Activation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor ameliorates tight junction barrier dysfunction in the colon of type 1 diabetic mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1874-1883. [PMID: 37766457 PMCID: PMC10753360 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia drives dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. 5-Hydroxytryptaine 4 receptor (5-HT 4R) agonists have been considered therapeutics for constipation in clnic. However, the roles of 5-HT 4R activation in mucosa should be fully realized. Here, we investigate the effects of 5-HT 4R activation on diabetes-induced disruption of the tight junction (TJ) barrier in the colon. Not surprisingly, the TJ barrier in diabetic mice with or without 5-HT 4R is tremendously destroyed, as indicated by increased serum fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Simultaneously, decreased expressions of TJ proteins are shown in both wild-type (WT) and 5-HT 4R knockout (KO) mice with diabetes. Notably, chronic treatment with intraperitoneal injection of a 5-HT 4R agonist in WT mice with diabetes repairs the TJ barrier and promotes TJ protein expressions, including occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1, in the colon, whereas a 5-HT 4R agonist does not improve TJ barrier function or TJ protein expressions in 5-HT 4R KO mice with diabetes. Furthermore, stimulation of 5-HT 4R inhibits diabetes-induced upregulation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), Rho-associated coiled coil protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC), which are key molecules that regulate TJ integrity, in the colonic mucosa of WT mice. However, such action induced by a 5-HT 4R agonist is not observed in 5-HT 4R KO mice with diabetes. These findings indicate that 5-HT 4R activation may restore TJ integrity by inhibiting the expressions of MLCK, ROCK1 and p-MLC, improving epithelial barrier function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Hu
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Yueting Kou
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Weifang Rong
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Hongxiu Han
- Department of PathologyTongji HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai200065China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
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2
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Yang Y, Hao Z, An N, Han Y, Miao W, Storey KB, Lefai E, Liu X, Wang J, Liu S, Xie M, Chang H. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal protective effects on heart of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2724-2748. [PMID: 37733616 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hibernating mammals are natural models of resistance to ischemia, hypoxia-reperfusion injury, and hypothermia. Daurian ground squirrels (spermophilus dauricus) can adapt to endure multiple torpor-arousal cycles without sustaining cardiac damage. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie this adaptive response are not yet fully understood. This study investigates morphological, functional, genetic, and metabolic changes that occur in the heart of ground squirrels in three groups: summer active (SA), late torpor (LT), and interbout arousal (IBA). Morphological and functional changes in the heart were measured using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, echocardiography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed significant changes in cardiac function in the LT group as compared with SA or IBA groups, but no irreversible damage occurred. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic changes, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to assess differential changes in gene expression and metabolite levels in the three groups of ground squirrels, with a focus on GO and KEGG pathway analysis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were involved in the remodeling of cytoskeletal proteins, reduction in protein synthesis, and downregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway during hibernation (including LT and IBA groups), as compared with the SA group. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased free amino acids, activation of the glutathione antioxidant system, altered cardiac fatty acid metabolic preferences, and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway activity during hibernation as compared with the SA group. Combining the transcriptomic and metabolomic data, active mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and creatine-phosphocreatine energy shuttle systems were observed, as well as inhibition of ferroptosis signaling pathways during hibernation as compared with the SA group. In conclusion, these results provide new insights into cardio-protection in hibernators from the perspective of gene and metabolite changes and deepen our understanding of adaptive cardio-protection mechanisms in mammalian hibernators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziwei Hao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning An
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuting Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weilan Miao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Lefai
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junshu Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manjiang Xie
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Golubiani G, van Agen L, Tsverava L, Solomonia R, Müller M. Mitochondrial Proteome Changes in Rett Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:956. [PMID: 37508386 PMCID: PMC10376342 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder with mutations in the X-chromosomal MECP2 (methyl-CpG-binding protein 2) gene. Most patients are young girls. For 7-18 months after birth, they hardly present any symptoms; later they develop mental problems, a lack of communication, irregular sleep and breathing, motor dysfunction, hand stereotypies, and seizures. The complex pathology involves mitochondrial structure and function. Mecp2-/y hippocampal astrocytes show increased mitochondrial contents. Neurons and glia suffer from oxidative stress, a lack of ATP, and increased hypoxia vulnerability. This spectrum of changes demands comprehensive molecular studies of mitochondria to further define their pathogenic role in RTT. Therefore, we applied a comparative proteomic approach for the first time to study the entity of mitochondrial proteins in a mouse model of RTT. In the neocortex and hippocampus of symptomatic male mice, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent mass-spectrometry identified various differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins, including components of respiratory chain complexes I and III and the ATP-synthase FoF1 complex. The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, and ATP synthase subunit d are upregulated either in the hippocampus alone or both the hippocampus and neocortex of Mecp2-/y mice. Furthermore, the regulatory mitochondrial proteins mitofusin-1, HSP60, and 14-3-3 protein theta are decreased in the Mecp2-/y neocortex. The expressional changes identified provide further details of the altered mitochondrial function and morphology in RTT. They emphasize brain-region-specific alterations of the mitochondrial proteome and support the notion of a metabolic component of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gocha Golubiani
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Laura van Agen
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lia Tsverava
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Revaz Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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4
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MRTF specifies a muscle-like contractile module in Porifera. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4134. [PMID: 35840552 PMCID: PMC9287330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-based movement is a hallmark of animal biology, but the evolutionary origins of myocytes are unknown. Although believed to lack muscles, sponges (Porifera) are capable of coordinated whole-body contractions that purge debris from internal water canals. This behavior has been observed for decades, but their contractile tissues remain uncharacterized with respect to their ultrastructure, regulation, and development. We examine the sponge Ephydatia muelleri and find tissue-wide organization of a contractile module composed of actin, striated-muscle myosin II, and transgelin, and that contractions are regulated by the release of internal Ca2+ stores upstream of the myosin-light-chain-kinase (MLCK) pathway. The development of this contractile module appears to involve myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) as part of an environmentally inducible transcriptional complex that also functions in muscle development, plasticity, and regeneration. As an actin-regulated force-sensor, MRTF-activity offers a mechanism for how the contractile tissues that line water canals can dynamically remodel in response to flow and can re-form normally from stem-cells in the absence of the intrinsic spatial cues typical of animal embryogenesis. We conclude that the contractile module of sponge tissues shares elements of homology with contractile tissues in other animals, including muscles, indicating descent from a common, multifunctional tissue in the animal stem-lineage. Myocytes are a key cell type that enable animal movement, but their evolutionary origins remain unclear. Colgren and Nichols describe molecular and functional similarities between a contractile module in tissues of a sponge and muscle tissues in other animals, indicating a common evolutionary origin.
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5
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Sun L, Sun L, Li X, Hu X, Wang X, Nie T, Zhang Y, You X. A Novel Tigecycline Adjuvant ML-7 Reverses the Susceptibility of Tigecycline-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:809542. [PMID: 35071055 PMCID: PMC8766836 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.809542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of tigecycline resistance undoubtedly constitutes a serious threat to global public health. The combination therapies had become the indispensable strategy against this threat. Herein, 11 clinical tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae which mainly has mutations in ramR, acrR, or macB were collected for tigecycline adjuvant screening. Interestingly, ML-7 hydrochloride (ML-7) dramatically potentiated tigecycline activity. We further picked up five analogs of ML-7 and evaluated their synergistic activities with tigecycline by using checkerboard assay. The results revealed that ML-7 showed certain synergy with tigecycline, while other analogs exerted attenuated synergistic effects among tigecycline-resistant isolates. Thus, ML-7 was selected for further investigation. The results from growth curves showed that ML-7 combined with tigecycline could completely inhibit the growth of bacteria, and the time-kill analysis revealed that the combination exhibited synergistic bactericidal activities for tigecycline-resistant isolates during 24 h. The ethidium bromide (EtBr) efflux assay demonstrated that ML-7 could inhibit the functions of efflux pump. Besides, ML-7 disrupted the proton motive force (PMF) via increasing ΔpH, which in turn lead to the inhibition of the functions of efflux pump, reduction of intracellular ATP levels, as well as accumulation of ROS. All of which promoted the death of bacteria. And further transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes related to the mechanism of ML-7 mainly enriched in ABC transporters. Taken together, these results revealed the potential of ML-7 as a novel tigecycline adjuvant to circumvent tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tongying Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefu You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yi T, Chen H, Zhan J, Li Y, Long Z, Wu Z, Yang M, Peng T, Li H. Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 contributes to cardiac tolerance to acute exhaustive exercise. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:165-173. [PMID: 34648372 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211046546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) is an indispensable component of mitochondrial complex III. It plays a key role in cardioprotection and maintaining mitochondrion function. However, the exact role of UQCRC1 in maintaining cardiac function has not been reported by in vivo models. Also, the exact biological functions of UQCRC1 are far from fully understood. UQCRC1+/- mice had decreased both mRNA and protein expression of UQCRC1 in the left ventricular myocardia, and these mice had reduced tolerance to acute exhaustive exercise including decreased time and distance with higher apoptosis rate, higher expression level of cleaved CASPASE 3, and higher ratio of cleaved PARP1 to full-length PARP1. Moreover, UQCRC1 knockdown led to increased LV interventricular septal thicknesses both at systole and diastole, as well as decreased LV volume both at end-systole and end-diastole. Finally, UQCRC1 gene disruption resulted in mitochondrial vacuolation, fibril disarrangement, and more severe morphological and structural changes in mitochondria after acute exhaustive exercise. In conclusion, UQCRC1 contributes to cardiac tolerance to acute exhaustive exercise in mice, and it may be an essential component of complex III, playing a crucial role in maintaining cardiac functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.,Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jian Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zonghong Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhuoxi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Taotao Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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7
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Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 overexpression protects H9c2 cardiac cells against mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury through PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:904-909. [PMID: 32819597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) plays a key role in influencing mitochondrial function. Increasing evidence supports that UQCRC1 overexpression takes part in cardioprotection. However, it remains unclear about the signaling pathway mediating the protective role of UQCRC1 overexpression. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the signaling pathway. Inhibition of PI3K completely abolished the protective effects of UQCRC1 overexpression on cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential after OGD or hydrogen peroxide injury in H9c2 cardiac cells, while inhibition of ERK only partially abolished these effects. Moreover, UQCRC1 overexpression dramatically increased the phosphorylation of PI3K downstream signal molecules including Akt and GSK-3β. Finally, UQCRC1 overexpression upregulated the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, downregulated the expression of proapoptotic protein Bax, decreased active caspase 3 expression and cell apoptosis, which were completely abolished by inhibition of PI3K. In conclusion, UQCRC1 overexpression protects H9c2 cardiac cells against mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury through mediating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway to regulate apoptosis-related proteins.
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8
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iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis after mesenchymal stem cell line transplantation for ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2020; 1742:146900. [PMID: 32445714 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported to promote functional recovery in animal models of ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation have been only partially elucidated. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively identify changes in brain proteins in rats treated with MSCs for ischemic stroke, and to explore the multi-target mechanisms of MSCs using a proteomics-based strategy. Twenty-eight proteins were found to be differentially expressed following B10 MSC transplantation in adult male Wistar rats, as assessed using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantification (iTRAQ). Subsequent bioinformatic analysis revealed that these proteins were mainly associated with energy metabolism, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and brain structural and functional plasticity. Immunohistochemical staining revealed decreased expression of EAAT1 in the phosphate-buffered saline group as opposed to normal levels in the B10 transplantation group. Furthermore, ATP levels were also significantly higher in the B10 transplantation group, thus supporting the iTRAQ results. Our results suggest that the therapeutic effects of B10 transplantation might arise from the modulation of the acute ischemic cascade via multiple molecular pathways. Thus, our findings provide valuable clues to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation in ischemic stroke.
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9
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Jin Y, Blikslager AT. The Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Myosin Light Chain Kinase/Rho Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103550. [PMID: 32443411 PMCID: PMC7278945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial apical junctional complex, which includes tight and adherens junctions, contributes to the intestinal barrier function via their role in regulating paracellular permeability. Myosin light chain II (MLC-2), has been shown to be a critical regulatory protein in altering paracellular permeability during gastrointestinal disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of MLC-2 is a biochemical marker for perijunctional actomyosin ring contraction, which increases paracellular permeability by regulating the apical junctional complex. The phosphorylation of MLC-2 is dominantly regulated by myosin light chain kinase- (MLCK-) and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase- (ROCK-) mediated pathways. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of MLCK- and ROCK-mediated pathways in the regulation of the intestinal barrier during normal homeostasis and digestive diseases. Additionally, we will also suggest potential therapeutic targeting of MLCK- and ROCK-associated pathways in gastrointestinal disorders that compromise the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeon Jin
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Dong M, Yang Z, Fang H, Xiang J, Xu C, Zhou Y, Wu Q, Liu J. Aging Attenuates Cardiac Contractility and Affects Therapeutic Consequences for Myocardial Infarction. Aging Dis 2020; 11:365-376. [PMID: 32257547 PMCID: PMC7069457 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac function of the human heart changes with age. The age-related change of systolic function is subtle under normal conditions, but abrupt under stress or in a pathogenesis state. Aging decreases the cardiac tolerance to stress and increases susceptibility to ischemia, which caused by aging-induced Ca2+ transient impairment and metabolic dysfunction. The changes of contractility proteins and the relative molecules are in a non-linear fashion. Specifically, the expression and activation of cMLCK increase first then fall during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). This change is responsible for the nonmonotonic contractility alteration in I/R which the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Contractility recovery in I/R is also attenuated by age. The age-related change in cardiac contractility influences the therapeutic effect and intervention timepoint. For most cardiac ischemia therapies, the therapeutic result in the elderly is not identical to the young. Anti-aging treatment has the potential to prevent the development of ischemic injury and improves cardiac function. In this review we discuss the mechanism underlying the contractility changes in the aged heart and age-induced ischemic injury. The potential mechanism underlying the increased susceptibility to ischemic injury in advanced age is highlighted. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of age and the administration time for intervention in cardiac ischemia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- Shenzhen Shajing Hospital, Affiliated of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
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11
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Soares ROS, Losada DM, Jordani MC, Évora P, Castro-E-Silva O. Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Revisited: An Overview of the Latest Pharmacological Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205034. [PMID: 31614478 PMCID: PMC6834141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) permeates a variety of diseases and is a ubiquitous concern in every transplantation proceeding, from whole organs to modest grafts. Given its significance, efforts to evade the damaging effects of both ischemia and reperfusion are abundant in the literature and they consist of several strategies, such as applying pre-ischemic conditioning protocols, improving protection from preservation solutions, thus providing extended cold ischemia time and so on. In this review, we describe many of the latest pharmacological approaches that have been proven effective against IRI, while also revisiting well-established concepts and presenting recent pathophysiological findings in this ever-expanding field. A plethora of promising protocols has emerged in the last few years. They have been showing exciting results regarding protection against IRI by employing drugs that engage several strategies, such as modulating cell-surviving pathways, evading oxidative damage, physically protecting cell membrane integrity, and enhancing cell energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele M Losada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Maria C Jordani
- Department of Surgery & Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Évora
- Department of Surgery & Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Department of Gastroenterology, São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Orlando Castro-E-Silva
- Department of Surgery & Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Department of Gastroenterology, São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Graham WV, He W, Marchiando AM, Zha J, Singh G, Li HS, Biswas A, Ong MLDM, Jiang ZH, Choi W, Zuccola H, Wang Y, Griffith J, Wu J, Rosenberg HJ, Wang Y, Snapper SB, Ostrov D, Meredith SC, Miller LW, Turner JR. Intracellular MLCK1 diversion reverses barrier loss to restore mucosal homeostasis. Nat Med 2019; 25:690-700. [PMID: 30936544 PMCID: PMC6461392 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier loss is a driver of intestinal and systemic diseases. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a key effector of barrier dysfunction and a potential therapeutic target, but enzymatic inhibition has unacceptable toxicities. Here, we show that a unique domain within the MLCK splice-variant MLCK1 directs perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) recruitment. Using the domain structure and multiple screens, we identified a domain-binding small molecule (Divertin) that blocks MLCK1 recruitment without inhibiting enzymatic function. Divertin blocks acute, TNF-induced MLCK1 recruitment as well as downstream MLC phosphorylation, barrier loss, and diarrhea in vitro and in vivo. Divertin corrects barrier dysfunction and prevents disease development and progression in experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Beyond applications of Divertin in gastrointestinal disease, this general approach to enzymatic inhibition by preventing access to specific subcellular sites provides a new paradigm for safely and precisely targeting individual properties of enzymes with multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vallen Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiqi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Juanmin Zha
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gurminder Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua-Shan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ma Lora Drizella M Ong
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wangsun Choi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yitang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jingshing Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yingmin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Lawrence W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Shan W, Li J, Xu W, Li H, Zuo Z. Critical role of UQCRC1 in embryo survival, brain ischemic tolerance and normal cognition in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1381-1396. [PMID: 30666338 PMCID: PMC6421091 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein I (UQCRC1) is a component of the complex III in the respiratory chain. Its biological functions are unknown. Here, we showed that knockout of UQCRC1 led to embryonic lethality. Disrupting one UQCRC1 allele in mice (heterozygous mice) of both sexes did not affect their growth but reduced UQCRC1 mRNA and protein in the brain. These mice had decreased complex III formation, complex III activity and ATP content in the brain at baseline. They developed worsened neurological outcome after brain ischemia/hypoxia or focal brain ischemia compared with wild-type mice. The ischemic cerebral cortex of the heterozygous mice had decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content as well as increased free radicals. Also, the heterozygous mice performed poorly in the Barnes maze and novel object recognition tests. Finally, UQCRC1 was expressed abundantly in neurons and astrocytes. These results suggest a critical role of UQCRC1 in embryo survival. UQCRC1 may also be important by forming the complex III to maintain normal brain ischemic tolerance, learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, 1 Hospital Drive, PO Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, 1 Hospital Drive, PO Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Genetically Engineered Murine Model Core, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, 1 Hospital Drive, PO Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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14
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Oliva J. Proteasome and Organs Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010106. [PMID: 29301204 PMCID: PMC5796056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of organ failure on patients requires the transplantation of functional organs, from donors. Over time, the methodology of transplantation was improved by the development of organ preservation solutions. The storage of organs in preservation solutions is followed by the ischemia of the organ, resulting in a shortage of oxygen and nutrients, which damage the tissues. When the organ is ready for the transplantation, the reperfusion of the organ induces an increase of the oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation which causes tissue damage, resulting in a decrease of the transplantation success. However, the addition of proteasome inhibitor in the preservation solution alleviated the injuries due to the ischemia-reperfusion process. The proteasome is a protein structure involved in the regulation the inflammation and the clearance of damaged proteins. The goal of this review is to summarize the role of the proteasome and pharmacological compounds that regulate the proteasome in protecting the organs from the ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Oliva
- Department of Medicine, LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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15
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Overexpression of Ubiquinol-Cytochrome c Reductase Core Protein 1 May Protect H9c2 Cardiac Cells by Binding with Zinc. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1314297. [PMID: 28676853 PMCID: PMC5476884 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1314297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In several recent studies, proteomics analyses suggest that increase of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) is cardio-protective. However, direct evidence for this effect has not yet been obtained. Thus, the current study aimed to determine this effect and the mechanism underlying this effect. The results showed that overexpression of UQCRC1 protected H9c2 cardiac cells against in vitro simulated ischemia-reperfusion by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressing the expression of caspase-3. These protective effects were significantly enhanced by exogenous Zn2+ but completely abolished by Zn2+-selective chelator TPEN. Furthermore, the upregulation of UQCRC1 reduced the concentration of free Zn2+ in mitochondria, whereas the downregulation of UQCRC1 increased the concentration of free Zn2+ in mitochondria. In conclusion, the overexpression of UQCRC1 can protect H9c2 cardiac cells against simulated ischemia/reperfusion, and this cardio-protective effect is likely mediated by zinc binding.
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16
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Xiong Y, Wang C, Shi L, Wang L, Zhou Z, Chen D, Wang J, Guo H. Myosin Light Chain Kinase: A Potential Target for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:292. [PMID: 28588494 PMCID: PMC5440522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) induces contraction of the perijunctional apical actomyosin ring in response to phosphorylation of the myosin light chain. Abnormal expression of MLCK has been observed in respiratory diseases, pancreatitis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. The signaling pathways involved in MLCK activation and triggering of endothelial barrier dysfunction are discussed in this review. The pharmacological effects of regulating MLCK expression by inhibitors such as ML-9, ML-7, microbial products, naturally occurring products, and microRNAs are also discussed. The influence of MLCK in inflammatory diseases starts with endothelial barrier dysfunction. The effectiveness of anti-MLCK treatment may depend on alleviation of that primary pathological mechanism. This review summarizes evidence for the potential benefits of anti-MLCK agents in the treatment of inflammatory disease and the importance of avoiding treatment-related side effects, as MLCK is widely expressed in many different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Xiong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Chenou Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Liqiang Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Zijuan Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Huishu Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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17
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Bil-Lula I, Lin HB, Biały D, Wawrzyńska M, Diebel L, Sawicka J, Woźniak M, Sawicki G. Subthreshold nitric oxide synthase inhibition improves synergistic effects of subthreshold MMP-2/MLCK-mediated cardiomyocyte protection from hypoxic injury. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1086-94. [PMID: 26992120 PMCID: PMC4882990 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury of myocardium during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a complex and multifactorial process involving uncontrolled protein phosphorylation, nitration/nitrosylation by increased production of nitric oxide and accelerated contractile protein degradation by matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2). It has been shown that simultaneous inhibition of MMP‐2 with doxycycline (Doxy) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) with ML‐7 at subthreshold concentrations protects the heart from contractile dysfunction triggered by I/R in a synergistic manner. In this study, we showed that additional co‐administration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (1400W or L‐NAME) in subthreshold concentrations improves this synergistic protection in the model of hypoxia–reoxygenation (H‐R)‐induced contractile dysfunction of cardiomyocytes. Isolated cardiomyocytes were subjected to 3 min. of hypoxia and 20 min. of reoxygenation in the presence or absence of the inhibitor cocktails. Contractility of cardiomyocytes was expressed as myocyte peak shortening. Inhibition of MMP‐2 by Doxy (25–100 μM), MLCK by ML‐7 (0.5–5 μM) and NOS by L‐NAME (25–100 μM) or 1400W (25–100 μM) protected myocyte contractility after H‐R in a concentration‐dependent manner. Inhibition of these activities resulted in full recovery of cardiomyocyte contractility after H‐R at the level of highest single‐drug concentration. The combination of subthreshold concentrations of NOS, MMP‐2 and MLCK inhibitors fully protected cardiomyocyte contractility and MLC1 from degradation by MMP‐2. The observed protection with addition of L‐NAME or 1400W was better than previously reported combination of ML‐7 and Doxy. The results of this study suggest that addition of NOS inhibitor to the mixture of inhibitors is better strategy for protecting cardiomyocyte contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Han-Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dariusz Biały
- Department and Clinic of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Lucas Diebel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jolanta Sawicka
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mieczyslaw Woźniak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Grzegorz Sawicki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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18
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Zhang YS, Liu B, Luo XJ, Zhang JJ, Li NS, Ma QL, Jiang JL, Li YJ, Li Q, Peng J. A novel function of nuclear nonmuscle myosin regulatory light chain in promotion of xanthine oxidase transcription after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:115-28. [PMID: 25701432 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear myosin regulates gene transcription and this novel function might be modulated through phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (p-MLC20). Nonmuscle MLC20 (nmMLC20) is also present in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes and a potential nmMLC20 binding sequence has been identified in the promoter of the xanthine oxidase (XO) gene. Thus, we investigated its function in the regulation of XO transcription after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR). In a rat model of myocardial IR and a cardiomyocyte model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury, the cardiac or cell injury, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) content, XO expression and activity, XO-derived products, and level of nuclear p-nmMLC20 were detected. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation, DNA pull-down, and luciferase reporter gene assays were used to decipher the molecular mechanisms through which nmMLC20 promotes XO expression. IR or HR treatment dramatically elevated nuclear p-nmMLC20 level, accompanied by increased XO expression, activity, and products (H2O2 and uric acid), as well as the IR or HR injury; these effects were ameliorated by inhibition of MLCK or knockdown of nmMLC20. Our findings from these experiments demonstrated that nuclear p-nmMLC20 binds to the consensus sequence GTCGCC in the XO gene promoter, interacts with RNA polymerase II and transcription factor IIB to form a transcription preinitiation complex, and hence activates XO gene transcription. These results suggest that nuclear p-nmMLC20 plays an important role in IR/HR injury by transcriptionally upregulating XO gene expression to increase oxidative stress in myocardium. Our findings demonstrate nuclear nmMLC20 as a potential new therapeutic target to combat cardiac IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jie-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qi-Lin Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jun-Lin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qingjie Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1083, USA.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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19
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Zhang YS, Liu B, Luo XJ, Li TB, Zhang JJ, Peng JJ, Zhang XJ, Ma QL, Hu CP, Li YJ, Peng J, Li Q. Nuclear cardiac myosin light chain 2 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 expression in myocardium: a novel function beyond muscle contraction. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:38. [PMID: 25982880 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression in myocardium after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is significantly upregulated. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aims to determine if nuclear cardiac myosin light chain 2 (MYL2), a well-known regulatory subunit of myosin, functions as a transcription factor to promote NOX2 expression following myocardial IR in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We examined the phosphorylation status of nuclear MYL2 (p-MYL2) in a rat model of myocardial IR (left main coronary artery subjected to 1 h ligation and 3 h reperfusion) injury, which showed IR injury and upregulated NOX2 expression as expected, accompanied by elevated H₂O₂ and nuclear p-MYL2 levels; these effects were attenuated by inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Next, we explored the functional relationship of nuclear p-MYL2 with NOX2 expression in H9c2 cell model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury. In agreement with our in vivo findings, HR treatment increased apoptosis, NOX2 expression, nuclear p-MYL2 and H₂O₂ levels, and the increases were ameliorated by inhibition of MLCK or knockdown of MYL2. Finally, molecular biology techniques including co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), DNA pull-down and luciferase reporter gene assay were utilized to decipher the molecular mechanisms. We found that nuclear p-MYL2 binds to the consensus sequence AGCTCC in NOX2 gene promoter, interacts with RNA polymerase II and transcription factor IIB to form a transcription preinitiation complex, and thus activates NOX2 gene transcription. Our results demonstrate that nuclear MYL2 plays an important role in IR injury by transcriptionally upregulating NOX2 expression to enhance oxidative stress in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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20
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Cadete VJJ, Sawicka J, Bekar LK, Sawicki G. Combined subthreshold dose inhibition of myosin light chain phosphorylation and MMP-2 activity provides cardioprotection from ischaemic/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:380-90. [PMID: 23822644 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phosphorylation and degradation of myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) during myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well-established phenomenon. It has been established that MMP-2 is involved in MLC1 degradation and that this degradation is increased when MLC1 is phosphorylated. We hypothesized that simultaneous inhibition of MLC1 phosphorylation and MMP-2 activity will protect hearts from I/R injury. As phosphorylation of MLC1 and MMP-2 activity is important for normal heart function, we used a cocktail consisting combination of low (subthreshold for any protective effect alone) doses of MLC kinase, MMP-2 inhibitors and subthreshold dose of an MLC phosphatase activator. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 20 min of global, no-flow ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion in the absence and presence of inhibitors of MLC1 phosphorylation and degradation. KEY RESULTS The recovery of cardiac function was improved in a concentration-dependent manner by the MLC kinase inhibitor, ML-7 (1-5 μM), the MLC phosphatase activator, Y-27632 (0.05-1 μM) or the MMP inhibitor, doxycycline (Doxy, 1-30 μM). Co-administration of subthreshold doses of ML-7 (1 μM) and Y-27632 (0.05 μM) showed a potential synergistic effect in protecting cardiac contractility and MLC1 levels in I/R hearts. Further combination with a subthreshold concentration of Doxy (1 μM) showed additional protection that resulted in full recovery to control levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results of this study exemplify a novel low-dose multidrug approach to pharmacological prevention of reperfusion injury that will enable a reduction of unwanted side effects and/or cytotoxicity associated with currently available MMP-2 and kinase inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio J J Cadete
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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21
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Lin HB, Sharma K, Bialy D, Wawrzynska M, Purves R, Cayabyab FS, Wozniak M, Sawicki G. Inhibition of MMP-2 expression affects metabolic enzyme expression levels: proteomic analysis of rat cardiomyocytes. J Proteomics 2014; 106:74-85. [PMID: 24769238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study we examined the effect of inhibition of MMP-2 expression, using siRNA, on the cardiomyocyte proteome. Isolated cardiomyocytes were transfected with MMP-2 siRNA and incubated for 24h. Control cardiomyocytes from the same heart were transfected with scrambled siRNA following the same protocol. Comparison of control cardiomyocyte proteomes with proteomes from MMP-2 suppressed cardiomyocytes revealed 13 protein spots of interest (9 protein spots increased; 4 decreased). Seven protein spots were identified as mitochondrial enzymes involved in energy production and represent: ATP synthase beta subunit, dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 and a fragment of mitochondrial precursor of long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Furthermore, precursor of heat shock protein 60 and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase were identified. Two protein spots corresponding to MLC1 were also detected. In addition, ATP synthase activity was measured and was increased by approximately 30%. Together, these results indicate that MMP-2 inhibition represents a novel cardioprotective therapy by promoting alterations in the levels of mitochondrial enzymes for improved energy metabolism and by preventing degradation of contractile proteins needed for normal excitation-contraction coupling. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE During ischemia and reperfusion of cardiomyocytes, abnormality in excitation-contraction coupling and decreased energy metabolism often lead to myocardial infarction, but the cellular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We show for the first time that intracellular inhibition of MMP-2 in cardiomyocytes increases contractility of aerobically perfused myocytes, which was accompanied by increased expression of contractile proteins (e.g., MLC-1). We also showed that MMP-2 inhibition produced a cardiomyocyte proteome that is consistent with improved mitochondrial energy metabolism (e.g., increased expression and activity of mitochondrial beta ATP synthase). Thus, MMP-2 appears to be involved in homeostatic regulation of protein turnover. Our results are significant since they point to targeting MMP-2 activity as a novel therapeutic option to limit myocardial damage by decreasing proteolytic degradation of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes and myocardial contractile proteins during ischemia. In addition, the development of novel pharmacological agents that selectively targets cardiac MMP-2 represents a novel approach to treat and prevent other heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Dariusz Bialy
- Department and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Randy Purves
- National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mieczyslaw Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sawicki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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22
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Synergistic protection of MLC 1 against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion-induced degradation: a novel therapeutic concept for the future. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:389-98. [PMID: 23495687 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major burden to society and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Despite clinical and scientific advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms and treatment of heart injury, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to prevent morbidity and mortality due to cardiac events. Growing evidence reported over the last decade has focused on the intracellular targets for proteolytic degradation by MMP-2. Of particular interest is the establishment of MMP-2-dependent degradation of cardiac contractile proteins in response to increased oxidative stress conditions, such as ischemia/reperfusion. The authors' laboratory has identified a promising preventive therapeutic target using the classical pharmacological concept of synergy to target MMP-2 activity and its proteolytic action on a cardiac contractile protein. This manuscript provides an overview of the body of evidence that supports the importance of cardiac contractile protein degradation in ischemia/reperfusion injury and the use of synergy to protect against it.
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Wills LP, Beeson GC, Trager RE, Lindsey CC, Beeson CC, Peterson YK, Schnellmann RG. High-throughput respirometric assay identifies predictive toxicophore of mitochondrial injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:490-502. [PMID: 23811330 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many environmental chemicals and drugs negatively affect human health through deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. Currently there is no chemical library of mitochondrial toxicants, and no reliable methods for predicting mitochondrial toxicity. We hypothesized that discrete toxicophores defined by distinct chemical entities can identify previously unidentified mitochondrial toxicants. We used a respirometric assay to screen 1760 compounds (5 μM) from the LOPAC and ChemBridge DIVERSet libraries. Thirty-one of the assayed compounds decreased uncoupled respiration, a stress test for mitochondrial dysfunction, prior to a decrease in cell viability and reduced the oxygen consumption rate in isolated mitochondria. The mitochondrial toxicants were grouped by chemical similarity and two clusters containing four compounds each were identified. Cheminformatic analysis of one of the clusters identified previously uncharacterized mitochondrial toxicants from the ChemBridge DIVERSet. This approach will enable the identification of mitochondrial toxicants and advance the prediction of mitochondrial toxicity for both drug discovery and risk assessment.
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Fan NJ, Gao CF, Wang XL. Tubulin beta chain, filamin A alpha isoform 1, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 as serological diagnostic biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a proteomics study. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:215-23. [PMID: 23496306 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the major advances in diagnosis and treatment, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a major life-threatening disease. Early diagnosis is critical for guiding the therapeutic management of ESCC. This case-control study focused on the proteomic analysis of serum of healthy volunteers and ESCC patients using the ClinProt profiling technology based on mass spectrometry. A total of 80 healthy volunteers and 119 ESCC patients were enrolled. We identified a pattern of proteins/peptides (including m/z 1867, 2700, and 2094) and differentiated ESCC patients from healthy volunteers with sensitivity and specificity close to 100%. Using mass spectrometry (LTQ orbitrap XL), tubulin beta chain, filamin A alpha isoform 1, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 were identified as the three differentially expressed proteins/peptides in the patient serum. These three dysregulated proteins/peptides could be involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC and may serve as putative serological diagnostic biomarkers of ESCC. We suggest that further proteomics and multi-omics research are warranted to identify novel post-genomics diagnostics that can in the future pave the way for personalized medicine for patients with ESCC, a cancer for which we currently lack an integrated battery of diagnostics in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jun Fan
- Research Institute of Anal-colorectal Surgery, No. 150 Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, RP China
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