1
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Hua QQH, Young C, Pukala TL, Martino JC, Hoffmann P, Gillanders BM, Doubleday ZA. Better late than never: Optimising the proteomic analysis of field-collected octopus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288084. [PMID: 37437086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics, the temporal study of proteins expressed by an organism, is a powerful technique that can reveal how organisms respond to biological perturbations, such as disease and environmental stress. Yet, the use of proteomics for addressing ecological questions has been limited, partly due to inadequate protocols for the sampling and preparation of animal tissues from the field. Although RNAlater is an ideal alternative to freezing for tissue preservation in transcriptomics studies, its suitability for the field could be more broadly examined. Moreover, existing protocols require samples to be preserved immediately to maintain protein integrity, yet the effects of delays in preservation on proteomic analyses have not been thoroughly tested. Hence, we optimised a proteomic workflow for wild-caught samples. First, we conducted a preliminary in-lab test using SDS-PAGE analysis on aquaria-reared Octopus berrima confirming that RNAlater can effectively preserve proteins up to 6 h after incubation, supporting its use in the field. Subsequently, we collected arm tips from wild-caught Octopus berrima and preserved them in homemade RNAlater immediately, 3 h, and 6 h after euthanasia. Processed tissue samples were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to ascertain protein differences between time delay in tissue preservation, as well as the influence of sex, tissue type, and tissue homogenisation methods. Over 3500 proteins were identified from all tissues, with bioinformatic analysis revealing protein abundances were largely consistent regardless of sample treatment. However, nearly 10% additional proteins were detected from tissues homogenised with metal beads compared to liquid nitrogen methods, indicating the beads were more efficient at extracting proteins. Our optimised workflow demonstrates that sampling non-model organisms from remote field sites is achievable and can facilitate extensive proteomic coverage without compromising protein integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaz Q H Hua
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clifford Young
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tara L Pukala
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jasmin C Martino
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bronwyn M Gillanders
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zoe A Doubleday
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
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2
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Kron NS. In search of the Aplysia immunome: an in silico study. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:543. [PMID: 35906538 PMCID: PMC9334734 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune repertoires of mollusks beyond commercially important organisms such as the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas or vectors for human pathogens like the bloodfluke planorb Biomphalaria glabrata are understudied. Despite being an important model for neural aging and the role of inflammation in neuropathic pain, the immune repertoire of Aplysia californica is poorly understood. Recent discovery of a neurotropic nidovirus in Aplysia has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the Aplysia immunome. To address this gap in the literature, the Aplysia reference genome was mined using InterProScan and OrthoFinder for putative immune genes. The Aplysia genome encodes orthologs of all critical components of the classical Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The presence of many more TLRs and TLR associated adapters than known from vertebrates suggest yet uncharacterized, novel TLR associated signaling pathways. Aplysia also retains many nucleotide receptors and antiviral effectors known to play a key role in viral defense in vertebrates. However, the absence of key antiviral signaling adapters MAVS and STING in the Aplysia genome suggests divergence from vertebrates and bivalves in these pathways. The resulting immune gene set of this in silico study provides a basis for interpretation of future immune studies in this important model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Kron
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA
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3
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Colunga-Ramírez GE, Martínez-Aquino A, Flores-López CA, Gestal C, Azevedo C, Castellanos-Martínez S. Aggregata polibraxiona n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Aggregatidae) from Octopus bimaculatus Verrill, 1883 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Eur J Protistol 2021; 81:125825. [PMID: 34333451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Apicomplexa Aggregata spp. are intracellular parasites of cephalopods that infect the intestinal tract of commercially important species such as Octopus bimaculatus, which sustains the octopus fishery in Baja California (B.C.), Mexico. In this study, Aggregata polibraxiona n. sp. was described from the cecum of O. bimaculatus collected from Bahia de Los Angeles, B. C. Light and electron microscopy revealed that oocysts and sporocysts were spherical to ovoid in shape. Sporulated oocysts (293-835 × 177-688 μm) contained 135-674 sporocysts (12-24 × 11-22 μm). The sporocyst wall was covered by tubular projections (0.55-2.19 μm in length) bifurcated in the top, unevenly distributed, covered by a thin membrane. Each sporocyst contains 11-13 sporozoites (16-26 × 1.20-3 μm). Three partial sequences of the 18S rDNA gene were obtained, and two phylogenetic approaches were performed according to Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. In both phylogenetic reconstructions, the sequences of A. polibraxiona n. sp. were recovered as a monophyletic group within the genus Aggregata and placed as a sister group to Aggregata octopiana Lineage II. Aggregata polibraxiona n. sp. is the first Apicomplexa described from a cephalopod host from Mexico and extends the geographical range of Apicomplexa infecting cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Esmeralda Colunga-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja CA, Mexico
| | - Andrés Martínez-Aquino
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja CA, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Flores-López
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja CA, Mexico
| | - Camino Gestal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, España
| | - Carlos Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sheila Castellanos-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja CA, Mexico.
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4
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Gianazza E, Eberini I, Palazzolo L, Miller I. Hemolymph proteins: An overview across marine arthropods and molluscs. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104294. [PMID: 34091091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this compilation we collect information about the main protein components in hemolymph and stress the continued interest in their study. The reasons for such an attention span several areas of biological, veterinarian and medical applications: from the notions for better dealing with the species - belonging to phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Crustacea, and to phylum Mollusca - of economic interest, to the development of 'marine drugs' from the peptides that, in invertebrates, act as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and/or antiviral agents. Overall, the topic most often on focus is that of innate immunity operated by classes of pattern-recognition proteins. SIGNIFICANCE: The immune response in invertebrates relies on innate rather than on adaptive/acquired effectors. At a difference from the soluble and membrane-bound immunoglobulins and receptors in vertebrates, the antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and/or antiviral agents in invertebrates interact with non-self material by targeting some common (rather than some highly specific) structural motifs. Developing this paradigm into (semi) synthetic pharmaceuticals, possibly optimized through the modeling opportunities offered by computational biochemistry, is one of the lessons today's science may learn from the study of marine invertebrates, and specifically of the proteins and peptides in their hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria.
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5
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Benoist L, Corre E, Bernay B, Henry J, Zatylny-Gaudin C. -Omic Analysis of the Sepia officinalis White Body: New Insights into Multifunctionality and Haematopoiesis Regulation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3072-3087. [PMID: 32643382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cephalopods, like other protostomes, lack an adaptive immune system and only rely on an innate immune system. The main immune cells are haemocytes (Hcts), which are able to respond to pathogens and external attacks. First reports based on morphological observations revealed that the white body (WB) located in the optic sinuses of cuttlefish was the origin of Hcts. Combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified several factors known to be involved in haematopoiesis in vertebrate species in cuttlefish WB. Among these factors, members of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were identified, some of them for the first time in a molluscan transcriptome and proteome. Immune factors, such as members of the Toll/NF-κB signaling pathway, pattern recognition proteins and receptors, and members of the oxidative stress responses, were also identified, and support an immune role of the WB. Both transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that the WB harbors an intense metabolism concurrent with the haematopoietic function. Finally, a comparative analysis of the WB and Hct proteomes revealed many proteins in common, confirming previous morphological studies on the origin of Hcts in cuttlefish. This molecular work demonstrates that the WB is multifunctional and provides bases for haematopoiesis regulation in cuttlefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Benoist
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Plateforme ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff (CNRS-Sorbonne Université), 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Plateforme PROTEOGEN, SF 4206 ICORE, Normandie université, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Joel Henry
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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6
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Leprêtre M, Almunia C, Armengaud J, Le Guernic A, Salvador A, Geffard A, Palos-Ladeiro M. Identification of immune-related proteins of Dreissena polymorpha hemocytes and plasma involved in host-microbe interactions by differential proteomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6226. [PMID: 32277127 PMCID: PMC7148315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological responses of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha are investigated to assess the impact of contaminants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In addition to concentrate chemical contaminants in their tissues, zebra mussels accumulate several microorganisms such as viruses, protozoa and bacteria. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the defence against microorganisms this study aims at identifying immune proteins from D. polymorpha hemolymph involved in defence against protozoa and viruses. For this purpose, hemolymph were exposed ex vivo to Cryptosporidium parvum and RNA poly I:C. Differential proteomics on both hemocytes and plasma revealed immune proteins modulated under exposures. Different patterns of response were observed after C. parvum and RNA poly I:C exposures. The number of modulated proteins per hemolymphatic compartments suggest that C. parvum is managed in cells while RNA poly I:C is managed in plasma after 4 h exposure. BLAST annotation and GO terms enrichment analysis revealed further characteristics of immune mechanisms. Results showed that many proteins involved in the recognition and destruction of microorganisms were modulated in both exposure conditions, while proteins related to phagocytosis and apoptosis were exclusively modulated by C. parvum. This differential proteomic analysis highlights in zebra mussels modulated proteins involved in the response to microorganisms, which reflect a broad range of immune mechanisms such as recognition, internalization and destruction of microorganisms. This study paves the way for the identification of new markers of immune processes that can be used to assess the impact of both chemical and biological contaminations on the health status of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leprêtre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Antoine Le Guernic
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France.
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7
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García-Fernández P, Prado-Alvarez M, Nande M, Garcia de la Serrana D, Perales-Raya C, Almansa E, Varó I, Gestal C. Global impact of diet and temperature over aquaculture of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae from a transcriptomic approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10312. [PMID: 31311948 PMCID: PMC6635378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, is an economically important cephalopod species. However, its rearing under captivity is currently challenged by massive mortalities previous to their juvenile stage due to nutritional and environmental factors. Dissecting the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism behind this mortality requires genomic background knowledge. A transcriptomic sequencing of 10 dph octopus paralarvae from different experimental conditions was constructed via RNA-seq. A total of 613,767,530 raw reads were filtered and de novo assembled into 363,527 contigs of which 82,513 were annotated in UniProt carrying also their GO and KEGG information. Differential gene expression analysis was carried out on paralarvae reared under different diet regimes and temperatures, also including wild paralarvae. Genes related to lipid metabolism exhibited higher transcriptional levels in individuals whose diet includes crustacean zoeas, which had an impact over their development and immune response capability. High temperature induces acclimation processes at the time that increase metabolic demands and oxidative stress. Wild individuals show an expression profile unexpectedly similar to Artemia fed individuals. Proteomic results support the hypothesis revealed by transcriptional analysis. The comparative study of the O. vulgaris transcriptomic profiles allowed the identification of genes that deserve to be further studied as candidates for biomarkers of development and health. The results obtained here on the transcriptional variations of genes caused by diet and temperature will provide new perspectives in understanding the molecular mechanisms behind nutritional and temperature requirements of common octopus that will open new opportunities to deepen in paralarvae rearing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P García-Fernández
- Marine Molecular Pathobiology Group, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - M Prado-Alvarez
- Marine Molecular Pathobiology Group, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - M Nande
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - D Garcia de la Serrana
- Serra Húnter Fellow, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Perales-Raya
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Almansa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - C Gestal
- Marine Molecular Pathobiology Group, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
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8
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Barragán-Méndez C, Sobrino I, Marín-Rincón A, Fernández-Boo S, Costas B, Mancera JM, Ruiz-Jarabo I. Acute-Stress Biomarkers in Three Octopodidae Species After Bottom Trawling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:784. [PMID: 31293450 PMCID: PMC6603232 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Octopodidae species have a great potential for the diversification of worldwide aquaculture. Unfortunately, the lack of stress-related biomarkers in this taxon results an obstacle for its maintenance in conditions where animal welfare is of paramount relevance. In this study, we made a first approach to uncover physiological responses related to fishing capture in Eledone moschata, Eledone cirrhosa, and Octopus vulgaris. Captured octopus from all three species were individually maintained in an aquaculture system onboard of oceanographic vessel in south-western waters of Europe. Haemolymph plasma and muscle were collected in animals at the moment of capture, and recovery was evaluated along a time-course of 48 h in Eledone spp., and 24 h for O. vulgaris. Survival rates of these species captured in spring and autumn were evaluated. Physiological parameters such as plasma pH, total CO2, peroxidase activity, lysozyme, hemocyanin, proteases, pro-phenoloxidase, anti-proteases, free amino acids, lactate and glucose levels, as well as muscle water percentage, free amino acids, lactate, glycogen and glucose values were analyzed. The immune system appears to be compromised in these species due to capture processes, while energy metabolites were mobilized to face the acute-stress situation, but recovery of all described parameters occurs within the first 24 h after capture. Moreover, this situation exerts hydric balance changes, as observed in the muscle water, being these responses depending on the species assessed. In conclusion, three Octopodidae species from south-western waters of Europe have been evaluated for stress-related biomarkers resulting in differentiated mechanisms between species. This study may pave the way to further study the physiology of stress in adult octopuses and develop new methodologies for their growth in aquaculture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barragán-Méndez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sobrino
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Adrián Marín-Rincón
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández-Boo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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9
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Ponte G, Andrews P, Galligioni V, Pereira J, Fiorito G. Cephalopod Welfare, Biological and Regulatory Aspects: An EU Experience. Anim Welf 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13947-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Roumbedakis K, Drábková M, Tyml T, di Cristo C. A Perspective Around Cephalopods and Their Parasites, and Suggestions on How to Increase Knowledge in the Field. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1573. [PMID: 30515100 PMCID: PMC6255944 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although interest in several areas of cephalopod research has emerged over the last decades (e.g., neurobiology, aquaculture, genetics, and welfare), especially following their 2010 inclusion in the EU Directive on the use of animals for experimental purposes, knowledge regarding the parasites of cephalopods is lacking. Cephalopods can be intermediate, paratenic, or definitive hosts to a range of parasites with a wide variety of life cycle strategies. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge in cephalopod parasitological research, summarizing the main parasite groups that affect these animals. We also emphasize some topics that, in our view, should be addressed in future research, including: (i) better understanding of life cycles and transmission pathways of common cephalopod parasites; (ii) improve knowledge of all phases of the life cycle (i.e., paralarvae, juveniles, adults and senescent animals) and on species from polar deep sea regions; (iii) exploration of the potential of using cephalopod-parasite specificity to assess population boundaries of both, hosts and parasites; (iv) risk evaluation of the potential of standard aquacultural practices to result in parasite outbreaks; (v) evaluation and description of the physiological and behavioral effects of parasites on their cephalopod hosts; (vi) standardization of the methods for accurate parasite sampling and identification; (vii) implementation of the latest molecular methods to facilitate and enable research in above mentioned areas; (viii) sharing of information and samples among researchers and aquaculturists. In our view, addressing these topics would allow us to better understand complex host-parasite interactions, yield insights into cephalopod life history, and help improve the rearing and welfare of these animals in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Roumbedakis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Association for Cephalopod Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Marie Drábková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Tyml
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Carlo di Cristo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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11
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de la Ballina NR, Villalba A, Cao A. Proteomic profile of Ostrea edulis haemolymph in response to bonamiosis and identification of candidate proteins as resistance markers. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:127-145. [PMID: 29733027 DOI: 10.3354/dao03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
European flat oyster Ostrea edulis populations have suffered extensive mortalities caused by bonamiosis. The protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae is largely responsible for this disease in Europe, while its congener B. exitiosa has been detected more recently in various European countries. Both of these intracellular parasites are able to survive and proliferate within haemocytes, the main cellular effectors of the immune system in molluscs. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to compare the haemolymph protein profile between Bonamia spp.-infected and non-infected oysters within 3 different stocks, a Galician stock of oysters selected for resistance against bonamiosis, a non-selected Galician stock and a selected Irish stock. Thirty-four proteins with a presumably relevant role in the oyster-Bonamia spp. interaction were identified; they were involved in major metabolic pathways, such as energy production, respiratory chain, oxidative stress, signal transduction, transcription, translation, protein degradation and cell defence. Furthermore, the haemolymph proteomic profiles of the non-infected oysters of the 2 Galician stocks were compared. As a result, 7 proteins representative of the non-infected Galician oysters selected for resistance against bonamiosis were identified; these 7 proteins could be considered as candidate markers of resistance to bonamiosis, which should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria R de la Ballina
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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12
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Franco-Martínez L, Martínez-Subiela S, Escribano D, Schlosser S, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Romero D, Cerón JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A. Alterations in haemolymph proteome of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel after an induced injury. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:41-47. [PMID: 29407612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A proteomic and biochemical approach was performed to assess the effects of an induced muscle injury on the haemolymph of bivalve molluscs. For this purpose, Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to puncture of adductor muscle for three consecutive days, and their haemolymph proteome was then compared to healthy animals using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to identify proteins that differed significantly in abundance. Those proteins were then subjected to tandem mass spectrometry and 6 proteins, namely myosin, tropomyosin, CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD), triosephosphate isomerase, EP protein and small heat shock protein were identified. SOD and tropomyosin changes were verified by spectrophotometric measurements and western blotting, respectively. As some of the proteins identified are related to muscular damage and oxidative stress, other biomarkers associated with these processes that can be evaluated by automatic biochemical assays were measured including troponin, creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) for muscle damage, and SOD, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and esterase activity (EA) for oxidative stress. Significantly higher concentrations of troponin, CK, AST, and TEAC were observed in mussels after puncture, being also possible biomarkers of non-specific induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Damian Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain; Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sarah Schlosser
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Romero
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Joaquin Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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13
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Baldascino E, Di Cristina G, Tedesco P, Hobbs C, Shaw TJ, Ponte G, Andrews PLR. The Gastric Ganglion of Octopus vulgaris: Preliminary Characterization of Gene- and Putative Neurochemical-Complexity, and the Effect of Aggregata octopiana Digestive Tract Infection on Gene Expression. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1001. [PMID: 29326594 PMCID: PMC5736919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastric ganglion is the largest visceral ganglion in cephalopods. It is connected to the brain and is implicated in regulation of digestive tract functions. Here we have investigated the neurochemical complexity (through in silico gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry) of the gastric ganglion in Octopus vulgaris and tested whether the expression of a selected number of genes was influenced by the magnitude of digestive tract parasitic infection by Aggregata octopiana. Novel evidence was obtained for putative peptide and non-peptide neurotransmitters in the gastric ganglion: cephalotocin, corticotrophin releasing factor, FMRFamide, gamma amino butyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, molluscan insulin-related peptide 3, peptide PRQFV-amide, and tachykinin-related peptide. Receptors for cholecystokininA and cholecystokininB, and orexin2 were also identified in this context for the first time. We report evidence for acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, octopamine, small cardioactive peptide related peptide, and receptors for cephalotocin and octopressin, confirming previous publications. The effects of Aggregata observed here extend those previously described by showing effects on the gastric ganglion; in animals with a higher level of infection, genes implicated in inflammation (NFκB, fascin, serpinB10 and the toll-like 3 receptor) increased their relative expression, but TNF-α gene expression was lower as was expression of other genes implicated in oxidative stress (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 6, and glutathione peroxidase). Elevated Aggregata levels in the octopuses corresponded to an increase in the expression of the cholecystokininA receptor and the small cardioactive peptide-related peptide. In contrast, we observed decreased relative expression of cephalotocin, dopamine β-hydroxylase, peptide PRQFV-amide, and tachykinin-related peptide genes. A discussion is provided on (i) potential roles of the various molecules in food intake regulation and digestive tract motility control and (ii) the difference in relative gene expression in the gastric ganglion in octopus with relatively high and low parasitic loads and the similarities to changes in the enteric innervation of mammals with digestive tract parasites. Our results provide additional data to the described neurochemical complexity of O. vulgaris gastric ganglion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Baldascino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Cristina
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Perla Tedesco
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya J. Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Ponte
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- Association for Cephalopod Research - CephRes, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paul L. R. Andrews
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- Association for Cephalopod Research - CephRes, Napoli, Italy
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14
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Sykes AV, Almansa E, Cooke GM, Ponte G, Andrews PLR. The Digestive Tract of Cephalopods: a Neglected Topic of Relevance to Animal Welfare in the Laboratory and Aquaculture. Front Physiol 2017; 8:492. [PMID: 28769814 PMCID: PMC5511845 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of health and welfare of a cephalopod is essential whether it is in a research, aquaculture or public display. The inclusion of cephalopods in the European Union legislation (Directive 2010/63/EU) regulating the use of animals for scientific purposes has prompted detailed consideration and review of all aspects of the care and welfare of cephalopods in the laboratory but the information generated will be of utility in other settings. We overview a wide range of topics of relevance to cephalopod digestive tract physiology and their relationship to the health and welfare of these animals. Major topics reviewed include: (i) Feeding cephalopods in captivity which deals with live food and prepared diets, feeding frequency (ad libitum vs. intermittent) and the amount of food provided; (ii) The particular challenges in feeding hatchlings and paralarvae, as feeding and survival of paralarvae remain major bottlenecks for aquaculture e.g., Octopus vulgaris; (iii) Digestive tract parasites and ingested toxins are discussed not only from the perspective of the impact on digestive function and welfare but also as potential confounding factors in research studies; (iv) Food deprivation is sometimes necessary (e.g., prior to anesthesia and surgery, to investigate metabolic control) but what is the impact on a cephalopod, how can it be assessed and how does the duration relate to regulatory threshold and severity assessment? Reduced food intake is also reviewed in the context of setting humane end-points in experimental procedures; (v) A range of experimental procedures are reviewed for their potential impact on digestive tract function and welfare including anesthesia and surgery, pain and stress, drug administration and induced developmental abnormalities. The review concludes by making some specific recommendations regarding reporting of feeding data and identifies a number of areas for further investigation. The answer to many of the questions raised here will rely on studies of the physiology of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- António V Sykes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Almansa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de OceanografíaSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Gavan M Cooke
- Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin UniversityCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Ponte
- Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes)Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Paul L R Andrews
- Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes)Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale, Naples, Italy
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15
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Ponte G, Sykes AV, Cooke GM, Almansa E, Andrews PLR. The Digestive Tract of Cephalopods: Toward Non-invasive In vivo Monitoring of Its Physiology. Front Physiol 2017; 8:403. [PMID: 28674501 PMCID: PMC5474479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring the health and welfare of animals in research is paramount, and the normal functioning of the digestive tract is essential for both. Here we critically assess non- or minimally-invasive techniques which may be used to assess a cephalopod's digestive tract functionality to inform health monitoring. We focus on: (i) predatory response as an indication of appetitive drive; (ii) body weight assessment and interpretation of deviations (e.g., digestive gland weight loss is disproportionate to body weight loss in starvation); (iii) oro-anal transit time requiring novel, standardized techniques to facilitate comparative studies of species and diets; (iv) defecation frequency and analysis of fecal color (diet dependent) and composition (parasites, biomarkers, and cytology); (v) digestive tract endoscopy, but passage of the esophagus through the brain is a technical challenge; (vi) high resolution ultrasound that offers the possibility of imaging the morphology of the digestive tract (e.g., food distribution, indigestible residues, obstruction) and recording contractile activity; (vii) needle biopsy (with ultrasound guidance) as a technique for investigating digestive gland biochemistry and pathology without the death of the animal. These techniques will inform the development of physiologically based assessments of health and the impact of experimental procedures. Although intended for use in the laboratory they are equally applicable to cephalopods in public display and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ponte
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples, Italy.,Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes)Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio V Sykes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR), Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Gavan M Cooke
- Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin UniversityCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Almansa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de OceanografíaSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Paul L R Andrews
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples, Italy.,Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes)Naples, Italy
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16
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Di Venere M, Viglio S, Sassera D, Fumagalli M, Bardoni A, Salvini R, Cagnone M, Iadarola P. Do the complementarities of electrokinetic and chromatographic procedures represent the "Swiss knife" in proteomic investigation? An overview of the literature in the past decade. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1538-1550. [PMID: 28130906 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This report reviews the literature of the past decade dealing with the combination of electrokinetic and chromatographic strategies in the proteomic field. Aim of this article is to highlight how the application of complementary techniques may contribute to substantially improve protein identification. Several studies here considered demonstrate that exploring the combination of these approaches can be a strategy to enrich the extent of proteomic information achieved from a sample. The coupling of "top-down" and "bottom-up" proteomics may result in the generation of a hybrid analytical tool, very efficient not only for large-scale profiling of complex proteomes but also for studying specific subproteomes. The range of applications described, while evidencing a continuous boost in the imagination of researchers for developing new combinations of methods for protein separation, also underlines the adaptability of these techniques to a wide variety of samples. This report points out the general usefulness of combining different procedures for proteomic analysis, an approach that allows researchers to go deeper in the proteome of samples under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Di Venere
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Sassera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani,", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani,", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Bardoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Salvini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Cagnone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani,", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
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17
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Fernández-Boo S, Villalba A, Cao A. Protein expression profiling in haemocytes and plasma of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in response to infection with Perkinsus olseni. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1369-1385. [PMID: 27233620 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The protein expression profiling in clam haemocytes and plasma in response to Perkinsus olseni was addressed. Adult Manila clams from a P. olseni-free bed were experimentally challenged with parasite zoospores to analyse immune response. In another experiment, the effects of longer term infection were assessed in adult clams collected from a P. olseni-affected bed, by comparing moderate to very heavily infected clams with non-infected ones. Haemocyte and plasma proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis; spot patterns were qualitatively compared between treatments within each experiment and the spots indicating differential protein expression associated with P. olseni challenge or with field infection were processed for protein identification. Fifteen clam proteins (four in haemocytes and eleven in plasma) of which expression was markedly affected by P. olseni were identified. Some of the identified proteins have a well-known role in clam immune response against the parasite, such as lysozyme and lectins. Rho GTPase-activating protein 6 could be a marker of resistance against P. olseni, which should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernández-Boo
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - A Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - A Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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18
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Di Cosmo A, Polese G. Neuroendocrine-Immune Systems Response to Environmental Stressors in the Cephalopod Octopus vulgaris. Front Physiol 2016; 7:434. [PMID: 27733834 PMCID: PMC5039199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under a continuous changing environment, animals are challenged with stresses and stimuli which demanding adaptation at behavioral and physiological levels. The adaptation strategies are finely regulated by animal nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Although it's been established by now the usage of integrative approach to the study the endocrine and nervous systems (neuroendocrine), yet our understanding of how they cooperate with the immune system remains far from complete. The possible role that immune system plays as a component of the network has only been recognized recently. Octopus vulgaris is an important member of cephalopods and is considered as a model species, with considerable information about the neuroendocrine and immune systems. In the current review, we anticipate to shed light on the complexity and cross talk among the three systems and how they cooperate in setting physiological response to stresses-stimuli in O. vulgaris as a target species and primary example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Cosmo
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II Napoli, Italy
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19
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Caruana NJ, Cooke IR, Faou P, Finn J, Hall NE, Norman M, Pineda SS, Strugnell JM. A combined proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of slime secreted by the southern bottletail squid, Sepiadarium austrinum (Cephalopoda). J Proteomics 2016; 148:170-82. [PMID: 27476034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sepiadarium austrinum, the southern bottletail squid, is a small squid that inhabits soft sediments along Australia's south-east coast. When provoked, it rapidly secretes large volumes of slime, presumably as a form of chemical defense. We analyzed the proteomic composition of this slime using tandem mass spectrometry and transcriptomics and found that it was remarkably complex with 1735 identified protein groups (FDR:0.01). To investigate the chemical defense hypothesis we performed an Artemia toxicity assay and used sequence analysis to search for toxin-like molecules. Although the slime did not appear to be toxic to Artemia we found 13 proteins in slime with the hallmarks of toxins, namely cysteine richness, short length, a signal peptide and/or homology to known toxins. These included three short (80-130AA) cysteine rich secreted proteins with no homology to proteins on the NCBI or UniProt databases. Other protein families found included, CAP, phospholipase-B, ShKT-like peptides, peptidase S10, Kunitz BPTI and DNase II. Quantitative analysis using intensity based absolute quantification (iBAQ via MaxQuant) revealed 20 highly abundant proteins, accounting for 67% of iBAQ signal, and three of these were toxin-like. No mucin homologues were found suggesting that the structure of the slime gel may be formed by an unknown mechanism. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first known instance of a slime secretion from a cephalopod to be analyzed by proteomics methods and is the first investigation of a member of the family Sepiadariidae using proteomic methods. 1735 proteins were identified with 13 of these fitting criteria established for the identification of putative toxins. The slime is dominated by 20 highly abundant proteins with secreted, cysteine rich proteins. The study highlights the importance of 'omics approaches in understanding novel organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikeisha J Caruana
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia.
| | - Ira R Cooke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Pierre Faou
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Julian Finn
- Sciences, Museum Victoria, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia
| | - Nathan E Hall
- Life Sciences Computation Centre, Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia
| | - Mark Norman
- Sciences, Museum Victoria, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia
| | - Sandy S Pineda
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jan M Strugnell
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia
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20
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Marco-Ramell A, de Almeida AM, Cristobal S, Rodrigues P, Roncada P, Bassols A. Proteomics and the search for welfare and stress biomarkers in animal production in the one-health context. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2024-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress and welfare are important factors in animal production in the context of growing production optimization and scrutiny by the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Marco-Ramell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular
- Facultat de Veterinària
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
| | - A. M. de Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica
- Oeiras
- Portugal
- CIISA/FMV – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária
| | - S. Cristobal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Linköping University
- Linköping
| | - P. Rodrigues
- CCMAR
- Center of Marine Science
- University of Algarve
- 8005-139 Faro
- Portugal
| | - P. Roncada
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano L. Spallanzani
- Milano
- Italy
| | - A. Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular
- Facultat de Veterinària
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
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21
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Campos A, Apraiz I, da Fonseca RR, Cristobal S. Shotgun analysis of the marine musselMytilus edulishemolymph proteome and mapping the innate immunity elements. Proteomics 2015; 15:4021-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Campos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Itxaso Apraiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rute R. da Fonseca
- The Bioinformatics Centre; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of the Basque Country; Leioa Spain
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22
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Gestal C, Castellanos-Martínez S. Understanding the cephalopod immune system based on functional and molecular evidence. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:120-130. [PMID: 25982402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods have the most advanced circulatory and nervous system among the mollusks. Recently, they have been included in the European directive which state that suffering and pain should be minimized in cephalopods used in experimentation. The knowledge about cephalopod welfare is still limited and several gaps are yet to be filled, especially in reference to pathogens, pathologies and immune response of these mollusks. In light of the requirements of the normative, in addition to the ecologic and economic importance of cephalopods, in this review we update the work published to date concerning cephalopod immune system. Significant advances have been reached in relation to the characterization of haemocytes and defensive mechanisms comprising cellular and humoral factors mainly, but not limited, in species of high economic value like Sepia officinalis and Octopus vulgaris. Moreover, the improvement of molecular approaches has helped to discover several immune-related genes/proteins. These immune genes/proteins include antimicrobial peptides, phenoloxidases, antioxidant enzymes, serine protease inhibitor, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor, Toll-like receptors, lectins, even clusters of differentiation among others. Most of them have been found in haemocytes but also in gills and digestive gland, and the characterization as well as their precise role in the immune response of cephalopods is still pending to be elucidated. The assessment of immune parameters in cephalopods exposed to contaminants is just starting, but the negative impact of some pollutants on the immune response of the common octopus has been reported. This review summarizes the current status of our knowledge about the cephalopod immune system that seems to be far from simply. On the contrary, the advances gained to date point out a complex innate immunity in cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gestal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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Castillo MG, Salazar KA, Joffe NR. The immune response of cephalopods from head to foot. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:145-160. [PMID: 26117729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods are a diverse group of marine molluscs that have proven their worth in a vast array of ways, ranging from their importance within ecological settings and increasing commercial value, to their recent use as model organisms in biological research. However, despite their acknowledged importance, our understanding of basic cephalopod biology does not equate their ecological, societal, and scientific significance. Among these undeveloped research areas, cephalopod immunology stands out because it encompasses a wide variety of scientific fields including many within the biological and chemical sciences, and because of its potential biomedical and commercial relevance. This review aims to address the current knowledge on the topic of cephalopod immunity, focusing on components and functions already established as part of the animals' internal defense mechanisms, as well as identifying gaps that would benefit from future research. More specifically, the present review details both cellular and humoral defenses, and organizes them into sensor, signaling, and effector components. Molluscan, and particularly cephalopod immunology has lagged behind many other areas of study, but thanks to the efforts of many dedicated researchers and the assistance of modern technology, this gap is steadily decreasing. A better understanding of cephalopod immunity will have a positive impact on the health and survival of one of the most intriguing and unique animal groups on the planet, and will certainly influence many other areas of human interest such as ecology, evolution, physiology, symbiosis, and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina R Joffe
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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Castellanos-Martínez S, Arteta D, Catarino S, Gestal C. De novo transcriptome sequencing of the Octopus vulgaris hemocytes using Illumina RNA-Seq technology: response to the infection by the gastrointestinal parasite Aggregata octopiana. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107873. [PMID: 25329466 PMCID: PMC4199593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Octopus vulgaris is a highly valuable species of great commercial interest and excellent candidate for aquaculture diversification; however, the octopus’ well-being is impaired by pathogens, of which the gastrointestinal coccidian parasite Aggregata octopiana is one of the most important. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the immune response in cephalopods, especially in octopus is scarce. The transcriptome of the hemocytes of O. vulgaris was de novo sequenced using the high-throughput paired-end Illumina technology to identify genes involved in immune defense and to understand the molecular basis of octopus tolerance/resistance to coccidiosis. Results A bi-directional mRNA library was constructed from hemocytes of two groups of octopus according to the infection by A. octopiana, sick octopus, suffering coccidiosis, and healthy octopus, and reads were de novo assembled together. The differential expression of transcripts was analysed using the general assembly as a reference for mapping the reads from each condition. After sequencing, a total of 75,571,280 high quality reads were obtained from the sick octopus group and 74,731,646 from the healthy group. The general transcriptome of the O. vulgaris hemocytes was assembled in 254,506 contigs. A total of 48,225 contigs were successfully identified, and 538 transcripts exhibited differential expression between groups of infection. The general transcriptome revealed genes involved in pathways like NF-kB, TLR and Complement. Differential expression of TLR-2, PGRP, C1q and PRDX genes due to infection was validated using RT-qPCR. In sick octopuses, only TLR-2 was up-regulated in hemocytes, but all of them were up-regulated in caecum and gills. Conclusion The transcriptome reported here de novo establishes the first molecular clues to understand how the octopus immune system works and interacts with a highly pathogenic coccidian. The data provided here will contribute to identification of biomarkers for octopus resistance against pathogens, which could improve octopus farming in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Castellanos-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Acuicultura. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Vigo, Spain
| | - David Arteta
- PROGENIKA Biopharma. A Grifols Company. Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia. Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Susana Catarino
- PROGENIKA Biopharma. A Grifols Company. Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia. Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Camino Gestal
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Acuicultura. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Vigo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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The invertebrate midintestinal gland ("hepatopancreas") is an evolutionary forerunner in the integration of immunity and metabolism. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:685-95. [PMID: 25174684 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The immune system has an impact on the metabolic performance in vertebrates, thus the metabolic effects of immune cells are receiving intense attention today in the biomedical field. However, the evolutionary origin of the immunity-metabolism interaction is still uncertain. In this review, I show that mollusks and crustaceans integrate immune functions to a metabolic organ, the midintestinal gland ("hepatopancreas"). In these animals, the epithelial cells of the midintestinal gland are major sources of immune molecules, such as lectins, hemocyanin, ferritin, antibacterial and antiviral proteins, proteolytic enzymes and nitric oxide. There is crosstalk between midintestinal gland cells and phagocytes, which aids the initiation of the immune response and the clearance of pathogens. The midintestinal gland is thereby an integrated organ of immunity and metabolism. It is likely that immunity was the primary function of the midintestinal gland cells and that their role in the intermediate metabolism has evolved during the course of their further specialization.
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