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Shi V, Morgan EF. Estrogen and estrogen receptors mediate the mechanobiology of bone disease and repair. Bone 2024; 188:117220. [PMID: 39106937 PMCID: PMC11392539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
It is well understood that the balance of bone formation and resorption is dependent on both mechanical and biochemical factors. In addition to cell-secreted cytokines and growth factors, sex hormones like estrogen are critical to maintaining bone health. Although the direct osteoprotective function of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) has been reported extensively, evidence that estrogen signaling also has a role in mediating the effects of mechanical loading on maintenance of bone mass and healing of bone injuries has more recently emerged. Recent studies have underscored the role of estrogen and ERs in many pathways of bone mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. Estrogen and ERs have been shown to augment integrin-based mechanotransduction as well as canonical Wnt/b-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, and YAP/TAZ pathways. Estrogen and ERs also influence the mechanosensitivity of not only osteocytes but also osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and marrow stromal cells. The current review will highlight these roles of estrogen and ERs in cellular mechanisms underlying bone mechanobiology and discuss their implications for management of osteoporosis and bone fractures. A greater understanding of the mechanisms behind interactions between estrogen and mechanical loading may be crucial to addressing the shortcomings of current hormonal and pharmaceutical therapies. A combined therapy approach including high-impact exercise therapy may mitigate adverse side effects and allow an effective long-term solution for the prevention, treatment, and management of bone fragility in at-risk populations. Furthermore, future implications to novel local delivery mechanisms of hormonal therapy for osteoporosis treatment, as well as the effects on bone health of applications of sex hormone therapy outside of bone disease, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Shi
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington St, Boston 02215, MA, USA; Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, 44 Cummington St, Boston 02215, MA, USA
| | - Elise F Morgan
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington St, Boston 02215, MA, USA; Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, 44 Cummington St, Boston 02215, MA, USA.
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2
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Katamesh BE, Futela P, Vincent A, Thilagar B, Whipple M, Hassan AR, Abuelazm M, Nanda S, Anstine C, Singla A. Navigating the Proteomic Landscape of Menopause: A Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1473. [PMID: 39336514 PMCID: PMC11434514 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Proteomics encompasses the exploration of protein composition, regulation, function, and pathways. Its influence spans diverse clinical fields and holds promise in addressing various women's health conditions, including cancers, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disorders. However, no comprehensive summary of proteomics and menopausal health exists. Our objective was to summarize proteomic profiles associated with diseases and disorders in peri- and postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane database, Elsevier, and ScienceDirect until 2022. A total of 253 studies were identified, and 41 studies met the inclusion criteria to identify data of interest. These included the study design, disease, and proteomics/proteins of significance, as described by the authors. Results: The 41 studies covered diverse areas, including bone disorders (10 studies), cardiovascular diseases (5 studies), oncological malignancies (10 studies), and various conditions, such as obesity, nonalcoholic liver disease, the effects of hormone replacement therapy, and neurological diseases (16 studies). The results of our study indicate that proteomic profiles correlate with heart disease in peri- and postmenopausal women, with distinct sex differences. Furthermore, proteomic profiles significantly differ between women with and without osteoporosis. Additionally, patients with breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer exhibit notable variations in proteomic profiles compared to those without these conditions. Conclusions: Proteomics has the potential to enhance risk assessment and disease monitoring in peri- and postmenopausal women. By analyzing unique protein profiles, clinicians can identify individuals with heightened susceptibility to specific diseases or those already affected by established conditions. This review suggests that there is sufficient preliminary data related to proteomics in peri- and postmenopausal women for early identification of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancers, disease monitoring, and tailoring individualized therapies. Rigorous validation studies involving large populations are essential before drawing definitive conclusions regarding the clinical applicability of proteomic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant E Katamesh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Pragyat Futela
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Ann Vincent
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bright Thilagar
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mary Whipple
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Abdul Rhman Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Sanjeev Nanda
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher Anstine
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abhinav Singla
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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3
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Abood A, Mesner LD, Jeffery ED, Murali M, Lehe MD, Saquing J, Farber CR, Sheynkman GM. Long-read proteogenomics to connect disease-associated sQTLs to the protein isoform effectors of disease. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1914-1931. [PMID: 39079539 PMCID: PMC11393689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A major fraction of loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) mediate alternative splicing, but mechanistic interpretation is hindered by the technical limitations of short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), which cannot directly link splicing events to full-length protein isoforms. Long-read RNA-seq represents a powerful tool to characterize transcript isoforms, and recently, infer protein isoform existence. Here, we present an approach that integrates information from GWASs, splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs), and PacBio long-read RNA-seq in a disease-relevant model to infer the effects of sQTLs on the ultimate protein isoform products they encode. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using bone mineral density (BMD) GWAS data. We identified 1,863 sQTLs from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project in 732 protein-coding genes that colocalized with BMD associations (H4PP ≥ 0.75). We generated PacBio Iso-Seq data (N = ∼22 million full-length reads) on human osteoblasts, identifying 68,326 protein-coding isoforms, of which 17,375 (25%) were unannotated. By casting the sQTLs onto protein isoforms, we connected 809 sQTLs to 2,029 protein isoforms from 441 genes expressed in osteoblasts. Overall, we found that 74 sQTLs influenced isoforms likely impacted by nonsense-mediated decay and 190 that potentially resulted in the expression of unannotated protein isoforms. Finally, we functionally validated colocalizing sQTLs in TPM2, in which siRNA-mediated knockdown in osteoblasts showed two TPM2 isoforms with opposing effects on mineralization but exhibited no effect upon knockdown of the entire gene. Our approach should be to generalize across diverse clinical traits and to provide insights into protein isoform activities modulated by GWAS loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abood
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Larry D Mesner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Erin D Jeffery
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mayank Murali
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Micah D Lehe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jamie Saquing
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Gloria M Sheynkman
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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4
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Becerra-Cervera A, Argoty-Pantoja AD, Aparicio-Bautista DI, López-Montoya P, Rivera-Paredez B, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Velázquez-Cruz R. Proteomic Biomarkers Associated with Low Bone Mineral Density: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7526. [PMID: 39062769 PMCID: PMC11277462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a globally relevant public health issue. Our study aimed to summarize the knowledge on the proteomic biomarkers for low bone mineral density over the last years. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines; the scoured databases were PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EBSCO, from inception to 2 June 2023. A total of 610 relevant studies were identified and 33 were assessed for eligibility. Finally, 29 studies met the criteria for this systematic review. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tool. From the studies selected, 154 proteins were associated with changes of bone mineral density, from which only 10 were reported in at least two articles. The protein-protein network analysis indicated potential biomarkers involved in the skeletal system, immune system process, regulation of protein metabolic process, regulation of signaling, transport, cellular component assembly, cell differentiation, hemostasis, and extracellular matrix organization. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling has allowed the discovery of new biomarkers with diagnostic potential. However, it is necessary to compare and validate the potential biomarkers in different populations to determine their association with bone metabolism and evaluate their translation to the clinical management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Becerra-Cervera
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (A.B.-C.); (D.I.A.-B.); (P.L.-M.)
- National Council of Humanities, Science and Technology (CONAHCYT), Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Anna D. Argoty-Pantoja
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.D.A.-P.); (B.R.-P.)
| | - Diana I. Aparicio-Bautista
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (A.B.-C.); (D.I.A.-B.); (P.L.-M.)
| | - Priscilla López-Montoya
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (A.B.-C.); (D.I.A.-B.); (P.L.-M.)
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.D.A.-P.); (B.R.-P.)
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (A.B.-C.); (D.I.A.-B.); (P.L.-M.)
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5
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Wang S, Zhu J, Liu W, Liu A. A Machine Learning Framework for Screening Plasma Cell-Associated Feature Genes to Estimate Osteoporosis Risk and Treatment Vulnerability. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10861-y. [PMID: 38898268 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, in which bones become fragile owing to low bone density and impaired bone mass, is a global public health concern. Bone mineral density (BMD) has been extensively evaluated for the diagnosis of low bone mass and osteoporosis. Circulating monocytes play an indispensable role in bone destruction and remodeling. This work proposed a machine learning-based framework to investigate the impact of circulating monocyte-associated genes on bone loss in osteoporosis patients. Females with discordant BMD levels were included in the GSE56815, GSE7158, GSE7429, and GSE62402 datasets. Circulating monocyte types were quantified via CIBERSORT, with subsequent selection of plasma cell-associated DEGs. Generalized linear models, random forests, extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and support vector machines were adopted for feature selection. Artificial neural networks and nomograms were subsequently constructed for osteoporosis diagnosis, and the molecular machinery underlying the identified genes was explored. SVM outperformed the other tuned models; thus, the expression of several genes (DEFA4, HLA-DPB1, LCN2, HP, and GAS7) associated with osteoporosis were determined. ANNs and nomograms were proposed to robustly distinguish low and high BMDs and estimate the risk of osteoporosis. Clozapine, aspirin, pyridoxine, etc. were identified as possible treatment agents. The expression of these genes is extensively posttranscriptionally regulated by miRNAs and m6A modifications. Additionally, they participate in modulating key signaling pathways, e.g., autophagy. The machine learning framework based on plasma cell-associated feature genes has the potential for estimating personalized risk stratification and treatment vulnerability in osteoporosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an), Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Jiafu Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Weinan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation Ministry of Education, Fujian University of TCM, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China.
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6
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Wang J, Xue M, Hu Y, Li J, Li Z, Wang Y. Proteomic Insights into Osteoporosis: Unraveling Diagnostic Markers of and Therapeutic Targets for the Metabolic Bone Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:554. [PMID: 38785961 PMCID: PMC11118602 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), a prevalent skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength and increased susceptibility to fractures, poses a significant public health concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of research in the field, focusing on the application of proteomic techniques to elucidate diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for OP. The integration of cutting-edge proteomic technologies has enabled the identification and quantification of proteins associated with bone metabolism, leading to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OP. In this review, we systematically examine recent advancements in proteomic studies related to OP, emphasizing the identification of potential biomarkers for OP diagnosis and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in the field, highlighting the potential impact of proteomic research in transforming the landscape of OP diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.W.)
| | - Mengju Xue
- School of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
| | - Ya Hu
- Department of Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.W.)
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.W.)
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
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Xu J, Cai X, Miao Z, Yan Y, Chen D, Yang Z, Yue L, Hu W, Zhuo L, Wang J, Xue Z, Fu Y, Xu Y, Zheng J, Guo T, Chen Y. Proteome-wide profiling reveals dysregulated molecular features and accelerated aging in osteoporosis: A 9.8-year prospective study. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14035. [PMID: 37970652 PMCID: PMC10861190 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of circulatory proteomics in osteoporosis is unclear. Proteome-wide profiling holds the potential to offer mechanistic insights into osteoporosis. Serum proteome with 413 proteins was profiled by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at baseline, and the 2nd, and 3rd follow-ups (7704 person-tests) in the prospective Chinese cohorts with 9.8 follow-up years: discovery cohort (n = 1785) and internal validation cohort (n = 1630). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at follow-ups 1 through 3 at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). We used the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) to identify the osteoporosis (OP)-related proteomic features. The relationships between serum proteins and BMD in the two cohorts were estimated by linear mixed-effects model (LMM). Meta-analysis was then performed to explore the combined associations. We identified 53 proteins associated with osteoporosis using LightGBM, and a meta-analysis showed that 22 of these proteins illuminated a significant correlation with BMD (p < 0.05). The most common proteins among them were PHLD, SAMP, PEDF, HPTR, APOA1, SHBG, CO6, A2MG, CBPN, RAIN APOD, and THBG. The identified proteins were used to generate the biological age (BA) of bone. Each 1 SD-year increase in KDM-Proage was associated with higher risk of LS-OP (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.14-1.36, p = 4.96 × 10-06 ), and FN-OP (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.23, p = 9.71 × 10-03 ). The findings uncovered that the apolipoproteins, zymoproteins, complements, and binding proteins presented new mechanistic insights into osteoporosis. Serum proteomics could be a crucial indicator for evaluating bone aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xue Cai
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zelei Miao
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Danyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhen‐xiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liang Yue
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Laibao Zhuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia‐ting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhangzhi Xue
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanqing Fu
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Diseases ControlShenzhenChina
| | - Ju‐Sheng Zheng
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Tiannan Guo
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Yang J, Wu J. Discovery of potential biomarkers for osteoporosis diagnosis by individual omics and multi-omics technologies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37140363 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2208750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global aging has made osteoporosis an increasingly serious public health problem. Osteoporotic fractures seriously affect the quality of life of patients and increase disability and mortality rates. Early diagnosis is important for timely intervention. The continuous development of individual- and multi-omics methods is helpful for the exploration and discovery of biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. AREAS COVERED In this review, we first introduce the epidemiological status of osteoporosis and then describe the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the latest progress in individual- and multi-omics technologies for exploring biomarkers for osteoporosis diagnosis is summarized. Moreover, we clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the application of osteoporosis biomarkers obtained using the omics method. Finally, we put forward valuable views on the future research direction of diagnostic biomarkers of osteoporosis. EXPERT OPINION Omics methods undoubtedly provide greatly contribute to the exploration of diagnostic biomarkers of osteoporosis; however, in the future, the clinical validity and clinical utility of the obtained potential biomarkers should be thoroughly examined. In addition, the improvement and optimization of the detection methods for different types of biomarkers and standardization of the detection process guarantee the reliability and accuracy of the detection results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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9
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Abood A, Mesner LD, Jeffery ED, Murali M, Lehe M, Saquing J, Farber CR, Sheynkman GM. Long-read proteogenomics to connect disease-associated sQTLs to the protein isoform effectors of disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.531557. [PMID: 36993769 PMCID: PMC10055087 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.531557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A major fraction of loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) lead to alterations in alternative splicing, but interpretation of how such alterations impact proteins is hindered by the technical limitations of short-read RNA-seq, which cannot directly link splicing events to full-length transcript or protein isoforms. Long-read RNA-seq represents a powerful tool to define and quantify transcript isoforms, and recently, infer protein isoform existence. Here we present a novel approach that integrates information from GWAS, splicing QTL (sQTL), and PacBio long-read RNA-seq in a disease-relevant model to infer the effects of sQTLs on the ultimate protein isoform products they encode. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using bone mineral density (BMD) GWAS data. We identified 1,863 sQTLs from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project in 732 protein-coding genes which colocalized with BMD associations (H 4 PP ≥ 0.75). We generated deep coverage PacBio long-read RNA-seq data (N=∼22 million full-length reads) on human osteoblasts, identifying 68,326 protein-coding isoforms, of which 17,375 (25%) were novel. By casting the colocalized sQTLs directly onto protein isoforms, we connected 809 sQTLs to 2,029 protein isoforms from 441 genes expressed in osteoblasts. Using these data, we created one of the first proteome-scale resources defining full-length isoforms impacted by colocalized sQTLs. Overall, we found that 74 sQTLs influenced isoforms likely impacted by nonsense mediated decay (NMD) and 190 that potentially resulted in the expression of new protein isoforms. Finally, we identified colocalizing sQTLs in TPM2 for splice junctions between two mutually exclusive exons, and two different transcript termination sites, making it impossible to interpret without long-read RNA-seq data. siRNA mediated knockdown in osteoblasts showed two TPM2 isoforms with opposing effects on mineralization. We expect our approach to be widely generalizable across diverse clinical traits and accelerate system-scale analyses of protein isoform activities modulated by GWAS loci.
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10
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Kovács OT, Tóth E, Ozohanics O, Soltész-Katona E, Marton N, Buzás EI, Hunyady L, Drahos L, Turu G, Nagy G. Proteomic Changes of Osteoclast Differentiation in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis Reveal Functional Differences. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892970. [PMID: 35860269 PMCID: PMC9289121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOsteoclasts play a crucial role in the maintenance, repair, and remodeling of bones of the adult vertebral skeleton due to their bone resorption capability. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are associated with increased activity of osteoclasts.ObjectivesOur study aimed to investigate the dynamic proteomic changes during osteoclast differentiation in healthy donors, in RA, and PsA.MethodsBlood samples of healthy donors, RA, and PsA patients were collected, and monocytes were isolated and differentiated into osteoclasts in vitro using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANK-L). Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to analyze proteins from cell lysates. The expression changes were analyzed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).ResultsThe analysis of the proteomic changes revealed that during the differentiation of the human osteoclasts, expression of the proteins involved in metabolic activity, secretory function, and cell polarity is increased; by contrast, signaling pathways involved in the immune functions are downregulated. Interestingly, the differences between cells of healthy donors and RA/PsA patients are most pronounced after the final steps of differentiation to osteoclasts. In addition, both in RA and PsA the differentiation is characterized by decreased metabolic activity, associated with various immune pathway activities; furthermore by accelerated cytokine production in RA.ConclusionsOur results shed light on the characteristic proteomic changes during human osteoclast differentiation and expression differences in RA and PsA, which reveal important pathophysiological insights in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Tünde Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Tóth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivér Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Marton
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Immune-Proteogenomics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Semmelweis University (HCEMM-SU) Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Turu,
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Gao L, Li Y, Yang YJ, Zhang DY. The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Bone Mass and the Transcription of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Ovariectomized Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729910. [PMID: 34777002 PMCID: PMC8589120 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Using RNA-sequencing technology to screen the effect of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise on the sensitive genes that affect bone mass in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods: Three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) grade were randomly divided into the sham operation (SHAM) group, OVX group, and OVX combined exercise (OVX + EX) group. The OVX + EX group performed moderate-intensity treadmill exercise for 17 weeks. Then, the body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured, and the bone microstructure of the femur was observed. PBMCs were collected from the abdominal aorta, and the differential genes were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing to further screen sensitive genes. Results: (1) In the OVX group, the body weight and body fat content were significantly higher than in the SHAM group while the muscle content and BMD were significantly lower than the SHAM group. (2) The trabecular bone parameters in the OVX group were significantly lower than in the SHAM group, and they were significantly higher in the OVX + EX group than in the OVX group. When compared with the SHAM group, the microstructure of the distal femur trabecular in the OVX group was severely damaged, suggest that the morphological structure of trabecular bone is severely damaged, the number of trabecular bones is reduced, and the thickness becomes thinner, which lead to the widening of the trabecular bone space and the appearance of osteoporosis. The number and continuity of the trabecular bones were higher in the OVX + EX group than in the OVX group. (3) A Venn diagram showed that there were 58 common differential genes, and the differential genes were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Five sensitive genes were screened including CCL2, Nos3, Tgfb3, ITGb4, and LpL. The expression of CCL2, Nos3, and Tgfb3 genes was closely related to multiple bone parameters. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity treadmill exercise may improve the body composition and bone mass of the OVX group by upregulating CCL2 and other genes of the PBMC. The PBMCs in the peripheral blood can be a useful tool for monitoring the effect of exercise on bone health in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Jie Yang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong-Yan Zhang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
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12
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Chen M, Li Y, Lv H, Yin P, Zhang L, Tang P. Quantitative proteomics and reverse engineer analysis identified plasma exosome derived protein markers related to osteoporosis. J Proteomics 2020; 228:103940. [PMID: 32805449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alongside an aging population, osteoporosis has become increasingly common, representing a major public health problem. Human blood provides the predominant matrix for pathological targets underlining disease mechanisms. In the present study, the protein profiles of blood plasma exosomes from patients with osteoporosis, osteopenia, and those with normal bone mass were compared. The aim of the study was to search for potential novel diagnostic/therapeutic targets for further investigation in osteoporosis. A total of 60 participants were included from the PLAGH Hip Fracture Database. Quantitative proteomics was carried out to profile the plasma exosome derived proteins from patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal bone mass, respectively. A Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis was further carried out to validate the identified proteins. Bio-informatics analyses including GO annotation and reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks analysis were applied in annotating the biological relevance of the identified proteins. Forty-five differentially expressed proteins were identified in the discovery dataset and four of them, PSMB9, AARS, PCBP2, and VSIR were further verified in a validation set. Based on the results, an exosomal-proteins index was constructed to classify individuals with osteoporosis from those without, an AUC of 0.805 (95% CI 0.620-0.926, p < 0.001) was achieved in classification performance assessment. Additionally, a reverse engineer of the regulatory network analysis identified and predicted the proteins which may interact with the four target proteins identified, providing references for further investigations into the pathological mechanisms of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Houchen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Pengbin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China.
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13
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Lv M, Cui C, Chen P, Li Z. Identification of osteoporosis markers through bioinformatic functional analysis of serum proteome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22172. [PMID: 32991410 PMCID: PMC7523818 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a severe chronic skeletal disorder that increases the risks of disability and mortality; however, the mechanism of this disease and the protein markers for prognosis of osteoporosis have not been well characterized. This study aims to characterize the imbalanced serum proteostasis, the disturbed pathways, and potential serum markers in osteoporosis by using a set of bioinformatic analyses. In the present study, the large-scale proteomics datasets (PXD006464) were adopted from the Proteome Xchange database and processed with MaxQuant. The differentially expressed serum proteins were identified. The biological process and molecular function were analyzed. The protein-protein interactions and subnetwork modules were constructed. The signaling pathways were enriched. We identified 209 upregulated and 230 downregulated serum proteins. The bioinformatic analyses revealed a highly overlapped functional protein classification and the gene ontology terms between the upregulated and downregulated protein groups. Protein-protein interactions and pathway analyses showed a high enrichment in protein synthesis, inflammation, and immune response in the upregulated proteins, and cell adhesion and cytoskeleton regulation in the downregulated proteins. Our findings greatly expand the current view of the roles of serum proteins in osteoporosis and shed light on the understanding of its underlying mechanisms and the discovery of serum proteins as potential markers for the prognosis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chuanlong Cui
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Peng Chen
- No. 5 Region, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Traumatology and Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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GWA-based pleiotropic analysis identified potential SNPs and genes related to type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Hum Genet 2020; 66:297-306. [PMID: 32948839 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of symptoms including excessive body fat and insulin resistance which may lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The physiological and pathological cross-talk between T2D and obesity is crucial and complex, meanwhile, the genetic connection between T2D and obesity is largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify pleiotropic SNPs and genes between these two associated conditions by applying genetic analysis incorporating pleiotropy and annotation (GPA) on two large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data sets: a body mass index (BMI) data set containing 339,224 subjects and a T2D data set containing 110,452 subjects. In all, 5182 SNPs showed pleiotropy in both T2D and obesity. After further prioritization based on suggested local false discovery rates (FDR) by the GPA model, 2146 SNPs corresponding to 217 unique genes are significantly associated with both traits (FDR < 0.2), among which 187 are newly identified pleiotropic genes compare with original GWAS in individual traits. Subsequently, gene enrichment and pathway analyses highlighted several pleiotropic SNPs including rs849135 (FDR = 0.0002), rs2119812 (FDR = 0.0018), rs4506565 (FDR = 1.23E-08), rs1558902 (7.23E-10) and corresponding genes JAZF1, SYN2, TCF7L2, FTO which may play crucial rol5es in the etiology of both T2D and obesity. Additional evidences from expression data analysis of pleiotropic genes strongly supports that the pleiotropic genes including JAZF1 (p = 1.39E-05 and p = 2.13E-05), SYN2 (p = 5.49E-03 and p = 5.27E-04), CDKN2C (p = 1.99E-12 and p = 6.27E-11), RABGAP1 (p = 3.08E-03 and p = 7.46E-03), and UBE2E2 (p = 1.83E-04 and p = 8.22E-03) play crucial roles in both obesity and T2D pathogenesis. Pleiotropic analysis integrated with functional network identified several novel and causal SNPs and genes involved in both BMI and T2D which may be ignored in single GWAS.
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15
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Yang TL, Shen H, Liu A, Dong SS, Zhang L, Deng FY, Zhao Q, Deng HW. A road map for understanding molecular and genetic determinants of osteoporosis. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:91-103. [PMID: 31792439 PMCID: PMC6980376 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by low bone mineral density and an increased risk of fracture, termed osteoporotic fracture. Notably, bone mineral density, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture are highly heritable; however, determining the genetic architecture, and especially the underlying genomic and molecular mechanisms, of osteoporosis in vivo in humans is still challenging. In addition to susceptibility loci identified in genome-wide association studies, advances in various omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have all been applied to dissect the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. However, each technology individually cannot capture the entire view of the disease pathology and thus fails to comprehensively identify the underlying pathological molecular mechanisms, especially the regulatory and signalling mechanisms. A change to the status quo calls for integrative multi-omics and inter-omics analyses with approaches in 'systems genetics and genomics'. In this Review, we highlight findings from genome-wide association studies and studies using various omics technologies individually to identify mechanisms of osteoporosis. Furthermore, we summarize current studies of data integration to understand, diagnose and inform the treatment of osteoporosis. The integration of multiple technologies will provide a road map to illuminate the complex pathogenesis of osteoporosis, especially from molecular functional aspects, in vivo in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anqi Liu
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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16
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Nielson CM, Jacobs JM, Orwoll ES. Proteomic studies of bone and skeletal health outcomes. Bone 2019; 126:18-26. [PMID: 30954730 PMCID: PMC7302501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are an essential part of essentially all biological processes, and there is enormous variation in protein forms and concentrations that is not reflected in DNA or RNA. Recently there have been rapid advances in the ability to measure protein sequence, modification and concentration, particularly with methods based in mass spectrometry. Global measures of proteins in tissues or in the circulation provide a broad assessment of the proteome that can be extremely useful for discovery, and targeted proteomic measures can yield specific and sensitive assessments of specific peptides and proteins. While most proteomic measures are directed at the detection of consensus peptide sequences, mass spectrometry based proteomic methods also allow a detailed examination of the peptide sequence differences that result from genetic variants and that may have important effects on protein function. In evaluating proteomic data, a number of analytical considerations are important, including an understanding of missing data, the challenge of multiple testing and replication, and the use of rapidly evolving methods in systems biology. While proteomics has not yet had a major impact in skeletal research, interesting recent research has used these approaches in the study of bone cell biology and the discovery of biomarkers of skeletal disorders. Proteomics can be expected to have an increasing influence in the study of bone biology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon M Jacobs
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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17
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"Omics" Signatures in Peripheral Monocytes from Women with Low BMD Condition. J Osteoporos 2018; 2018:8726456. [PMID: 29744028 PMCID: PMC5878888 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8726456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a result of increased bone resorption compared to formation. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, which are derived from circulating monocytes that undertake a journey from the blood to the bone for the process of osteoclastogenesis. In recent times, the use of high throughput technologies to explore monocytes from women with low versus high bone density has led to the identification of candidate molecules that may be deregulated in PMO. This review provides a list of molecules in monocytes relevant to bone density which have been identified by "omics" studies in the last decade or so. The molecules in monocytes that are deregulated in low BMD condition may contribute to processes such as monocyte survival, migration/chemotaxis, adhesion, transendothelial migration, and differentiation into the osteoclast lineage. Each of these processes may be crucial to the overall route of osteoclastogenesis and an increase in any/all of these processes can lead to increased bone resorption and subsequently low bone density. Whether these molecules are indeed the cause or effect is an arena currently unexplored.
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18
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He M, Gou M, Qi M, Xiang W, Ji Z, Wang WJ, Zhao SC, Liu Y. Label free quantitative proteomics reveals the role of miR-200b in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Clin Proteomics 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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19
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Xia B, Li Y, Zhou J, Tian B, Feng L. Identification of potential pathogenic genes associated with osteoporosis. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:640-648. [PMID: 29203636 PMCID: PMC5935809 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.612.bjr-2017-0102.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis is a chronic disease. The aim of this study was to identify key genes in osteoporosis. METHODS Microarray data sets GSE56815 and GSE56814, comprising 67 osteoporosis blood samples and 62 control blood samples, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in osteoporosis using Limma package (3.2.1) and Meta-MA packages. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to identify biological functions. Furthermore, the transcriptional regulatory network was established between the top 20 DEGs and transcriptional factors using the UCSC ENCODE Genome Browser. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to investigate the diagnostic value of several DEGs. RESULTS A total of 1320 DEGs were obtained, of which 855 were up-regulated and 465 were down-regulated. These differentially expressed genes were enriched in Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, mainly associated with gene expression and osteoclast differentiation. In the transcriptional regulatory network, there were 6038 interactions pairs involving 88 transcriptional factors. In addition, the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction result validated the expression of several genes (VPS35, FCGR2A, TBCA, HIRA, TYROBP, and JUND). Finally, ROC analyses showed that VPS35, HIRA, PHF20 and NFKB2 had a significant diagnostic value for osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Genes such as VPS35, FCGR2A, TBCA, HIRA, TYROBP, JUND, PHF20, NFKB2, RPL35A and BICD2 may be considered to be potential pathogenic genes of osteoporosis and may be useful for further study of the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis.Cite this article: B. Xia, Y. Li, J. Zhou, B. Tian, L. Feng. Identification of potential pathogenic genes associated with osteoporosis. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:640-648. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.612.BJR-2017-0102.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xia
- Attending Doctor Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Li
- Attending Doctor Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
| | - J Zhou
- Attending Doctor Department of Gynecology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
| | - B Tian
- Attending Doctor Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
| | - L Feng
- Attending Doctor Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
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20
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Calciolari E, Mardas N, Dereka X, Anagnostopoulos AK, Tsangaris GT, Donos N. Protein expression during early stages of bone regeneration under hydrophobic and hydrophilic titanium domes. A pilot study. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:174-187. [PMID: 29063586 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is significant evidence that, during the early stages of osseointegration, moderately rough hydrophilic (SLActive) surfaces can accelerate osteogenesis and increase bone-to-implant contact in comparison to hydrophobic (SLA) surfaces. However, very little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms behind the influence that surface chemistry modifications to increase hydrophilicity determine on bone healing. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time the proteins and related signalling pathways expressed during early osseous healing stages under SLA and SLActive titanium domes for guided bone regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS One SLA and 1 SLActive dome with an internal diameter of 5.0 mm and a height of 3.0 mm were secured to the parietal bones of nine 6-month-old male New Zealand rabbits. Three animals were randomly euthanized at 4, 7 and 14 days and the newly formed tissues retrieved under the domes were analysed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. STRING and KEGG databases were applied for Gene Ontology and pathway analyses. RESULTS A different modulation of several pathways was detected between the 2 groups at all healing times. The main differences in the osseous healing response associated to the 2 surfaces were related to pathways involved in regulating the inflammatory response, differentiation of osteoblast precursors and skeletogenesis. At day 7, the highest number of proteins and the highest cellular activity were observed in both groups, although a more complex and articulated proteome in terms of cellular metabolism and signal transduction was observed in SLActive samples. CONCLUSION This is the first study describing the proteome expressed during early healing stages of guided bone regeneration and osseointegration. A combination of enhanced early osteogenic response and reduced inflammatory response were suggested for the hydrophilic group. Future studies are needed to corroborate these findings and explore the molecular effects of different titanium surfaces on the cascade of events taking place during bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calciolari
- Centre for Clinical Oral Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, London, UK
| | - N Mardas
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, London, UK
| | - X Dereka
- Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A K Anagnostopoulos
- Proteomics Research Unit, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G T Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Donos
- Centre for Clinical Oral Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, London, UK
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21
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Jiménez-Ortega RF, Ramírez-Salazar EG, Parra-Torres AY, Muñoz-Montero SA, Rangel-Escareňo C, Salido-Guadarrama I, Rodriguez-Dorantes M, Quiterio M, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Identification of microRNAs in human circulating monocytes of postmenopausal osteoporotic Mexican-Mestizo women: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5464-5472. [PMID: 29285077 PMCID: PMC5740757 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that serve an important regulatory role in living organisms. These molecules are associated with multiple biological processes and are potential biomarkers in multiple diseases. The present study aimed to further identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed in circulating monocytes (CMCs) from postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women. Microarray analyses of monocytes using Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 and Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays were performed in 6 normal and 6 osteoporotic women, followed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation. The overexpression of miR-1270, miR-548×-3p and miR-8084 were detected in the osteoporosis compared with the normal group according to the microarray analysis; miR-1270, a miRNA with several target genes associated with bone remodeling, was validated by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis identified that interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is the most likely target gene of miR-1270, which is associated with osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, the findings of the present study demonstrate that an upregulation of miR-1270 may reduce the gene expression of IRF8 in CMCs (osteoclast precursors), implicating its potential role in leading to low bone mineral density and contributing to osteoporosis development in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio F Jiménez-Ortega
- Genetics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric G Ramírez-Salazar
- Genetics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico.,CONACYT, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Y Parra-Torres
- Genetics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Said A Muñoz-Montero
- Computational Genomics Consortium, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Rangel-Escareňo
- Computational Genomics Consortium, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Salido-Guadarrama
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Quiterio
- Center of Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), 62100 Cuernavaca-Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Center of Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), 62100 Cuernavaca-Morelos, Mexico.,Epidemiologic Research and Health Services Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), 62000 Cuernavaca-Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genetics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Functional relevance for associations between osteoporosis and genetic variants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174808. [PMID: 28369098 PMCID: PMC5378394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by increased bone loss and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which will lead to reduced bone strength and increased risk of fragility fractures. Previous studies have identified many genetic loci associated with osteoporosis, but functional mechanisms underlying the associations have rarely been explored. In order to explore the potential molecular functional mechanisms underlying the associations for osteoporosis, we performed integrative analyses by using the publically available datasets and resources. We searched 128 identified osteoporosis associated SNPs (P<10-6), and 8 SNPs exert cis-regulation effects on 11 eQTL target genes. Among the 8 SNPs, 2 SNPs (RPL31 rs2278729 and LRP5 rs3736228) were confirmed to impact the expression of 3 genes (RPL31, CPT1A and MTL5) that were differentially expressed between human subjects of high BMD group and low BMD group. All of the functional evidence suggested the important functional mechanisms underlying the associations of the 2 SNPs (rs2278729 and rs3736228) and 3 genes (RPL31, CPT1A and MTL5) with osteoporosis. This study may provide novel insights into the functional mechanisms underlying the osteoporosis associated genetic variants, which will help us to comprehend the potential mechanisms underlying the genetic association for osteoporosis.
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Jalili M, Salehzadeh-Yazdi A, Mohammadi S, Yaghmaie M, Ghavamzadeh A, Alimoghaddam K. Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Reveals Involved Pathways. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2017; 11:1-12. [PMID: 28286608 PMCID: PMC5338275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute leukemia. APL is a curable disease; however, drug resistance, early mortality, disease relapse and treatment-related complications remain challenges in APL patient management. One issue underlying these challenges is that the molecular mechanisms of the disease are not sufficiently understood. Materials and Methods: In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of gene expression profiles derived from microarray experiments and explored the background of disease by functional and pathway analysis. Results: Our analysis revealed a gene signature with 406 genes that are up or down-regulated in APL. The pathway analysis determined that MAPK pathway and its involved elements such as JUN gene and AP-1 play important roles in APL pathogenesis along with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis could be useful for developing more effective therapy strategies and new targets for diagnosis and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jalili
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehzadeh-Yazdi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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P4 medicine and osteoporosis: a systematic review. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128:480-491. [PMID: 27873024 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-1125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is the most frequent bone metabolic disease. In order to improve early detection, prediction, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, a new model of P4 medicine (personalized, predictive, preventive, and participatory medicine) could be applied. The aim of this work was to systematically review the publications of four different types of "omics" studies related to osteoporosis, in order to discover novel predictive, preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic targets for better management of the geriatric population. METHODS To systematically search the PubMed database, we created specific groups of criteria for four different types of "omics" information on osteoporosis: genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic. We then analyzed the intersections between them in order to find correlations and common pathways or molecules with important roles in osteoporosis, and with a potential application in disease prediction, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. RESULTS Altogether, 180 publications of "omics" studies in the field of osteoporosis were found and reviewed at first selection. After introducing the inclusion and exclusion criteria (the secondary selection), 46 papers were included in the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS The intersection of reviewed papers identified five genes (ESR1, IBSP, CTNNB1, SOX4, and IDUA) and processes like the Wnt pathway, JAK/STAT signaling, and ERK/MAPK, which should be further validated for their predictive, diagnostic, or other clinical value in osteoporosis. Such molecular insights will enable us to fit osteoporosis into the P4 strategy and could increase the effectiveness of disease prediction and prevention, with a decrease in morbidity in the geriatric population.
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