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Pandey D, Ghosh D. Proteomics-based host-specific biomarkers for tuberculosis: The future of TB diagnosis. J Proteomics 2024; 305:105245. [PMID: 38942234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains one of the major global public health concerns. Early detection of Active Pulmonary TB is therefore of utmost importance for controlling lethality and disease spreading. Currently available TB diagnostics can be broadly categorized into microscopy, culture-based, and molecular approaches, all of which come with compromised sensitivity, limited efficacy, and high expenses. Hence, rapid, sensitive, and affordable diagnostic methods for TB is the current prerequisite for disease management. This review summarizes the proteomics investigations for host-specific biomarkers from serum, sputum, saliva, and urine samples of TB patients, along with patients having comorbidity. Thorough data mining from available literature led us to conclude that the host-specific proteins involved in immunity and defense, metabolic regulation, cellular adhesion, and motility, inflammatory responses, and tissue remodelling have shown significant deregulation upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Notably, the immunoregulatory protein orosomucoid (ORM) was up-regulated in active TB compared to non-TB individuals, as observed in multiple studies from diverse sample types. Mannose receptor C type 2 (MRC2) was identified as an upregulated, treatment response biomarker in two independent serum proteomics investigations. Thorough mechanistic investigation on these candidate proteins would be fascinating to dig into potential drug targets and customized therapeutics for TB patients, along with their diagnostic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dipanjana Ghosh
- School of Biomolecular Engineering & Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Airport Bypass Road, Bhopal 462033, India.
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2
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Mousavian Z, Källenius G, Sundling C. From simple to complex: Protein-based biomarker discovery in tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350485. [PMID: 37740950 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease that affects millions of people globally. TB proteomics signature discovery has been a rapidly growing area of research that aims to identify protein biomarkers for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring of TB. In this review, we have highlighted recent advances in this field and how it is moving from the study of single proteins to high-throughput profiling and from only using proteomics to include additional types of data in multi-omics studies. We have further covered the different sample types and experimental technologies used in TB proteomics signature discovery, focusing on studies of HIV-negative adults. The published signatures were defined as either coming from hypothesis-based protein targeting or from unbiased discovery approaches. The methodological approaches influenced the type of proteins identified and were associated with the circulating protein abundance. However, both approaches largely identified proteins involved in similar biological pathways, including acute-phase responses and T-helper type 1 and type 17 responses. By analysing the frequency of proteins in the different signatures, we could also highlight potential robust biomarker candidates. Finally, we discuss the potential value of integration of multi-omics data and the importance of control cohorts and signature validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Mousavian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Baquero-Artigao F, Del Rosal T, Falcón-Neyra L, Ferreras-Antolín L, Gómez-Pastrana D, Hernanz-Lobo A, Méndez-Echevarría A, Noguera-Julian A, Pascual Sánchez MT, Rodríguez-Molino P, Piñeiro-Pérez R, Santiago-García B, Soriano-Arandes A. Update on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. An Pediatr (Barc) 2023:S2341-2879(23)00108-4. [PMID: 37236883 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
According to World Health Organization estimates, more than 1 million patients aged less than 15 years develop tuberculosis (TB) each year worldwide. In some regions, up to 25% of new TB cases are caused by drug-resistant strains. Although Spain is considered a low-incidence country, several hundred children and adolescents develop TB each year. The importance of paediatric TB has been minimized for years due to the lack of microbiological confirmation in many patients and because these patients are not usually contagious. Nevertheless, in the past 15 years there have been major improvements in the epidemiological reporting of TB in children and adolescents, new immunodiagnostic tests have been developed, molecular methods that allow rapid microbiological diagnosis and detection of variants associated with drug resistance have become available, novel second-line antituberculosis drugs have been discovered, including for paediatric use, and the results of clinical trials have validated shorter courses of treatment for some patients. This document, developed by a group of experts from the Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica and the Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica, updates and complements the previous guidelines for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of children with TB in Spain based on the newly available scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Baquero-Artigao
- Servicio de Pediatría Hospitalaria, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Fundación IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Translacional en Infectología Pediátrica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Del Rosal
- Servicio de Pediatría Hospitalaria, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Fundación IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Falcón-Neyra
- Servicio de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura Ferreras-Antolín
- Servicio de Infectología e Inmunología Pediátrica, St. George's University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Gómez-Pastrana
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, Grupo de Investigación UNAIR, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alicia Hernanz-Lobo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Salud Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Méndez-Echevarría
- Servicio de Pediatría Hospitalaria, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Fundación IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Translacional en Infectología Pediátrica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Noguera-Julian
- Red de Investigación Translacional en Infectología Pediátrica, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Cirurgia i Especialitats Medicoquirúrgiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamatòria Sistèmica en Pediatria, Servei de Malalties Infeccioses i Patologia Importada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Paula Rodríguez-Molino
- Servicio de Pediatría Hospitalaria, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Fundación IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Translacional en Infectología Pediátrica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roi Piñeiro-Pérez
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario General de Villalba, Collado-Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Santiago-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Salud Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Soriano-Arandes
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa e Inmunodeficiencias Pediátricas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Chin KL, Anibarro L, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A. Challenges and the Way forward in Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8020089. [PMID: 36828505 PMCID: PMC9960903 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, it is estimated that one-quarter of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), also known as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Recently, this condition has been referred to as tuberculosis infection (TBI), considering the dynamic spectrum of the infection, as 5-10% of the latently infected population will develop active TB (ATB). The chances of TBI development increase due to close contact with index TB patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and the risk of development of latent MDR-TB has further complicated the situation. Detection of TBI is challenging as the infected individual does not present symptoms. Currently, there is no gold standard for TBI diagnosis, and the only screening tests are tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs). However, these tests have several limitations, including the inability to differentiate between ATB and TBI, false-positive results in BCG-vaccinated individuals (only for TST), false-negative results in children, elderly, and immunocompromised patients, and the inability to predict the progression to ATB, among others. Thus, new host markers and Mtb-specific antigens are being tested to develop new diagnostic methods. Besides screening, TBI therapy is a key intervention for TB control. However, the long-course treatment and associated side effects result in non-adherence to the treatment. Additionally, the latent MDR strains are not susceptible to the current TBI treatments, which add an additional challenge. This review discusses the current situation of TBI, as well as the challenges and efforts involved in its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.L.C.); (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Luis Anibarro
- Tuberculosis Unit, Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, 36071 Pontevedra, Spain
- Immunology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.L.C.); (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria E. Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.L.C.); (L.A.); (A.A.)
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5
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Zubair M, Wang J, Yu Y, Faisal M, Qi M, Shah AU, Feng Z, Shao G, Wang Y, Xiong Q. Proteomics approaches: A review regarding an importance of proteome analyses in understanding the pathogens and diseases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1079359. [PMID: 36601329 PMCID: PMC9806867 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1079359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics is playing an increasingly important role in identifying pathogens, emerging and re-emerging infectious agents, understanding pathogenesis, and diagnosis of diseases. Recently, more advanced and sophisticated proteomics technologies have transformed disease diagnostics and vaccines development. The detection of pathogens is made possible by more accurate and time-constrained technologies, resulting in an early diagnosis. More detailed and comprehensive information regarding the proteome of any noxious agent is made possible by combining mass spectrometry with various gel-based or short-gun proteomics approaches recently. MALDI-ToF has been proved quite useful in identifying and distinguishing bacterial pathogens. Other quantitative approaches are doing their best to investigate bacterial virulent factors, diagnostic markers and vaccine candidates. Proteomics is also helping in the identification of secreted proteins and their virulence-related functions. This review aims to highlight the role of cutting-edge proteomics approaches in better understanding the functional genomics of pathogens. This also underlines the limitations of proteomics in bacterial secretome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mingpu Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abid Ullah Shah
- National Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yu Wang
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,Qiyan Xiong
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6
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Blanco S, Morán P, Diz AP, Olabarria C, Vázquez E. Effects of short-term hyposalinity stress on four commercially important bivalves: A proteomic perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114371. [PMID: 36162473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased heavy rainfall can reduce salinity to values close to 0 in estuaries. Lethal and sublethal physiological and behavioural effects of decreases in salinity below ten have already been found to occur in the commercially important clam species Venerupis corrugata, Ruditapes decussatus and R. philippinarum and the cockle Cerastoderma edule, which generate an income of ∼74 million euros annually in Galicia (NW Spain). However, studies of the molecular response to hyposaline stress in bivalves are scarce. This 'shotgun' proteomics study evaluates changes in mantle-edge proteins subjected to short-term hyposaline episodes in two different months (March and May) during the gametogenic cycle. We found evidence that the mantle-edge proteome was more responsive to sampling time than to hyposalinity, strongly suggesting that reproductive stages condition the stress response. However, hyposalinity modulated proteome profiles in V. corrugata and C. edule in both months and R. philippinarum in May, involving proteins implicated in protein folding, redox homeostasis, detoxification, cytoskeleton modulation and the regulation of apoptotic, autophagic and lipid degradation pathways. However, proteins that are essential for an optimal osmotic stress response but which are highly energy demanding, such as chaperones, osmoprotectants and DNA repair factors, were found in small relative abundances. In both months in R. decussatus and in March in R. philippinarum, almost no differences between treatments were detected. Concordant trends in the relative abundance of stress response candidate proteins were also obtained in V. corrugata and C. edule in the different months, but not in Ruditapes spp., strongly suggesting that the osmotic stress response in bivalves is complex and possibly influenced by a combination of controlled (sampling time) and uncontrolled variables. In this paper, we report potential molecular targets for studying the response to osmotic stress, especially in the most osmosensitive native species C. edule and V. corrugata, and suggest factors to consider when searching for biomarkers of hyposaline stress in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blanco
- CIM - Centro de Investigación Mariña and Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - P Morán
- CIM - Centro de Investigación Mariña and Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - A P Diz
- CIM - Centro de Investigación Mariña and Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - C Olabarria
- CIM - Centro de Investigación Mariña and Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - E Vázquez
- CIM - Centro de Investigación Mariña and Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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7
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Guo J, Zhang X, Chen X, Cai Y. Proteomics in Biomarker Discovery for Tuberculosis: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845229. [PMID: 35558124 PMCID: PMC9087271 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to threaten many peoples' health worldwide, regardless of their country of residence or age. The current diagnosis of TB still uses mainly traditional, time-consuming, and/or culture-based techniques. Efforts have focused on discovering new biomarkers with higher efficiency and accuracy for TB diagnosis. Proteomics-the systematic study of protein diversity-is being applied to the discovery of novel protein biomarkers for different types of diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) technology plays a revolutionary role in proteomics, and its applicability benefits from the development of other technologies, such as matrix-based and immune-based methods. MS and derivative strategies continuously contribute to disease-related discoveries, and some promising proteomic biomarkers for efficient TB diagnosis have been identified, but challenges still exist. For example, there are discrepancies in the biomarkers identified among different reports and the diagnostic accuracy of clinically applied proteomic biomarkers. The present review summarizes the current status and future perspectives of proteomics in the field of TB biomarker discovery and aims to elicit more promising findings for rapid and accurate TB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiubiao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ximeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Gong W, Wu X. Differential Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Active Tuberculosis: A Key to a Successful Tuberculosis Control Strategy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:745592. [PMID: 34745048 PMCID: PMC8570039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ancient infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. Latent TB infection (LTBI) has been recognized as the largest source of new TB cases and is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving the aim of the End TB Strategy. The latest data indicate that a considerable percentage of the population with LTBI and the lack of differential diagnosis between LTBI and active TB (aTB) may be potential reasons for the high TB morbidity and mortality in countries with high TB burdens. The tuberculin skin test (TST) has been used to diagnose TB for > 100 years, but it fails to distinguish patients with LTBI from those with aTB and people who have received Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination. To overcome the limitations of TST, several new skin tests and interferon-gamma release assays have been developed, such as the Diaskintest, C-Tb skin test, EC-Test, and T-cell spot of the TB assay, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, QuantiFERON-TB Gold-Plus, LIAISON QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test, and LIOFeron TB/LTBI. However, these methods cannot distinguish LTBI from aTB. To investigate the reasons why all these methods cannot distinguish LTBI from aTB, we have explained the concept and definition of LTBI and expounded on the immunological mechanism of LTBI in this review. In addition, we have outlined the research status, future directions, and challenges of LTBI differential diagnosis, including novel biomarkers derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hosts, new models and algorithms, omics technologies, and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Li CX, Zhang L, Yan YR, Ding YJ, Lin YN, Zhou JP, Li N, Li HP, Li SQ, Sun XW, Li QY. A narrative review of exploring potential salivary biomarkers in respiratory diseases: still on its way. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4541-4553. [PMID: 34422380 PMCID: PMC8339781 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is abundant with proteins, metabolites, DNA, and a diverse range of bacterial species. During the past two decades, saliva has emerged as a novel diagnostic and evaluation medium for several diseases. Collection of saliva samples is simple, minimally invasive, and convenient even in infants, children, and patients with anxious. Furthermore, with the development of hypersensitive techniques [e.g., microsensor arrays, enzyme-labeled immunosensors, nanoparticle-labeled immunosensors, capacitive or impedimetric immunosensors, magneto immunosensors, field effect transistor immunosensors, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)], the sensitivity and accuracy of saliva diagnostic procedures have been improved. Nowadays, saliva has been used as a potential medium for several disease diagnosis and assessment, such as periodontitis, caries, cancers, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Saliva has been used widely for studying microbiomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of respiratory diseases, however, the use of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of respiratory disease is still in its infancy. Herein, we review the progress of research on salivary biomarkers related to several respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Furthermore, several limitations of saliva test such as the lack of standard protocol for saliva collection and reasonable reference values for saliva test are also mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jie Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ni Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Mutavhatsindi H, Calder B, McAnda S, Malherbe ST, Stanley K, Kidd M, Walzl G, Chegou NN. Identification of novel salivary candidate protein biomarkers for tuberculosis diagnosis: A preliminary biomarker discovery study. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 130:102118. [PMID: 34371310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for new, accurate, rapid, and affordable tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic tests. The aim of the present study was to use mass spectrometry to identify new preliminary candidate TB diagnostic protein biomarkers in saliva obtained from individuals with TB, and patients with other respiratory diseases (ORD). METHODS Saliva samples were collected from 22 individuals who self-presented with symptoms suggestive of TB as part of a larger TB biomarker project. Purified salivary proteins were subjected to tryptic digestion peptides were analyzed using a QExactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027294. Identified proteins were subjected to gene ontology and ingenuity pathway analysis for functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS 26 of the 652 identified proteins significantly discriminated individuals with TB from those with ORD after Benjamini Hochberg correction (5% FDR), with five of these proteins diagnosing TB with an AUC ≥ 0.80. A 5-protein biosignature comprising of P01011, Q8NCW5, P28072, A0A2Q2TTZ9, and Q99574 diagnosed TB with an AUC of 1.00 (95% CI, 1.00-1.00), sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 76.2-100%) and specificity of 90.9% (95% CI, 58.7-99.8%) after leave-one-out cross validation. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel candidate salivary protein biomarkers and biosignatures with strong potential as TB diagnostic candidates. Our results are preliminary and require validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hygon Mutavhatsindi
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Bridget Calder
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shirley McAnda
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Stephanus T Malherbe
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Kim Stanley
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Martin Kidd
- Centre for Statistical Consultation, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Novel N Chegou
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
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11
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Dao TL, Hoang VT, Ly TDA, Lagier JC, Baron SA, Raoult D, Parola P, Courjon J, Marty P, Chaudet H, Gautret P. Sputum proteomic analysis for distinguishing between pulmonary tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS): preliminary results. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1694.e1-1694.e6. [PMID: 33711448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) applied to sputum to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS Sputum samples collected from patients suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS. Using the differentially expressed protein peaks, we compared three groups of patients, including those with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), those without tuberculosis but with a lower respiratory tract infection (non-TB LRTI) and those without tuberculosis and without an LRTI (non-TB controls). RESULTS A total of 102 patients included 35 PTB, 36 non-TB LRTI and 31 non-TB controls. The model differentiated between the PTB patients and the non-TB controls using the 25 most differentially expressed protein peaks, with a sensitivity of 97%, 95% CI 85-100%, and a specificity of 77%, 95% CI 59-90%. The model distinguished the PTB patients from the non-TB LRTI patients using the ten most differentially expressed protein peaks, with a sensitivity of 80%, 95% CI 63-92%, and a specificity of 89%, 95% CI 74-97%. We observed that the negative predictive value of MALDI-TOF MS sputum analysis was higher (96%, 95% CI 80-100%) than that of direct sputum microscopic examination and sputum culture (78%, 95% CI 62-89%) for non-TB controls. When MALDI-TOF MS sputum analysis and direct microscopic examination were combined, the negative predictive value reached 94%, 95% CI 80-99%, for non-TB LRTI patients. DISCUSSION These results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS sputum analysis coupled with microscopic examination could be used as a screening tool for diagnosing pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Loi Dao
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Viet Nam
| | - Van Thuan Hoang
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Duc Anh Ly
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Christophe Lagier
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Alexandra Baron
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Johan Courjon
- Université Côte d'Azur, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Virulence Microbienne et Signalisation Inflammatoire, Inserm, Nice, France; Infectiologie, Hôpital de l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Marty
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France; Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire l'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Hervé Chaudet
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gautret
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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12
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Nicholson KR, Mousseau CB, Champion MM, Champion PA. The genetic proteome: Using genetics to inform the proteome of mycobacterial pathogens. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009124. [PMID: 33411813 PMCID: PMC7790235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial pathogens pose a sustained threat to human health. There is a critical need for new diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines targeting both tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterial species. Understanding the basic mechanisms used by diverse mycobacterial species to cause disease will facilitate efforts to design new approaches toward detection, treatment, and prevention of mycobacterial disease. Molecular, genetic, and biochemical approaches have been widely employed to define fundamental aspects of mycobacterial physiology and virulence. The recent expansion of genetic tools in mycobacteria has further increased the accessibility of forward genetic approaches. Proteomics has also emerged as a powerful approach to further our understanding of diverse mycobacterial species. Detection of large numbers of proteins and their modifications from complex mixtures of mycobacterial proteins is now routine, with efforts of quantification of these datasets becoming more robust. In this review, we discuss the “genetic proteome,” how the power of genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry informs and amplifies the quality of subsequent analytical approaches and maximizes the potential of hypothesis-driven mycobacterial research. Published proteomics datasets can be used for hypothesis generation and effective post hoc supplementation to experimental data. Overall, we highlight how the integration of proteomics, genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches can be employed successfully to define fundamental aspects of mycobacterial pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R. Nicholson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - C. Bruce Mousseau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew M. Champion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMC); (PAC)
| | - Patricia A. Champion
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMC); (PAC)
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13
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Sánchez-Marín P, Vidal-Liñán L, Fernández-González LE, Montes R, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Carrera M, Mateos J, Diz AP, Beiras R. Proteomic analysis and biochemical alterations in marine mussel gills after exposure to the organophosphate flame retardant TDCPP. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105688. [PMID: 33316748 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are (re-)emergent environmental pollutants increasingly being used because of the restriction of other flame retardants. The chlorinated OPFR, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is among those of highest environmental concern, but its potential effects in the marine environment have rarely been investigated. We exposed a widely used sentinel marine mussel species, Mytilus galloprovincialis, to 10 μg L-1 of TDCPP during 28 days and studied: (i) the kinetics of bioaccumulation and elimination of the compound, (ii) the effect on two molecular biomarkers, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and (iii) proteomic alterations in the gills, following an isobaric labeling quantitative shotgun proteomic approach, at two exposure times (7 and 28 days). Uptake and elimination of TDCPP by mussels were very fast, and the bioconcentration factor of this compound in mussels was 147 L kgww-1, confirming that this compound is not very bioaccumulative, as predicted by its chemical properties. GST activity was not affected by TDCPP exposure, but AChE activity was inhibited by TDCPP at both 7 and 28 days of exposure. Proteomic analysis revealed subtle effects of TDCPP in mussel gills, since few proteins (less than 2 % of the analysed proteome) were significantly affected by TDCPP, and effect sizes were low. The most relevant effects detected were the up-regulation of epimerase family protein SDR39U1, an enzyme that could be involved in detoxification processes, at both exposure times, and the down-regulation of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2-like (PTPRN2) after 7 days of exposure, which is involved in neurotransmitter secretion and might be related to the neurotoxicity described for this compound. Exposure time rather than TDCPP exposure was the most important driver of protein abundance changes, with 33 % of the proteome being affected by this factor, suggesting that stress caused by laboratory conditions could be an important confounding factor that needs to be controlled in similar ecotoxicology studies. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sánchez-Marín
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Leticia Vidal-Liñán
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Laura Emilia Fernández-González
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel P Diz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Spain
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14
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Khambati N, Olbrich L, Ellner J, Salgame P, Song R, Bijker EM. Host-Based Biomarkers in Saliva for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: A Mini-Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:756043. [PMID: 34760853 PMCID: PMC8575443 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.756043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children remains a significant challenge due to its paucibacillary nature, non-specificity of symptoms and suboptimal sensitivity of available diagnostic methods. In young children particularly, it is difficult to obtain high-quality sputum specimens for testing, with this group the least likely to be diagnosed, while most at risk of severe disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized research into rapid biomarker-based tests for TB using easily obtainable non-sputum samples, such as saliva. However, the role of biomarkers in saliva for diagnosing TB in children has not been fully explored. In this mini-review, we discuss the value of saliva as a diagnostic specimen in children given its ready availability and non-invasive nature of collection, and review the literature on the use of host-based biomarkers in saliva for diagnosing active pulmonary TB in adults and children. Based on available data from adult studies, we highlight that combinations of cytokines and other proteins show promise in reaching WHO-endorsed target product profiles for new TB triage tests. Given the lack of pediatric research on host biomarkers in saliva and the differing immune response to TB infection between children and adults, we recommend that pediatric studies are now performed to discover and validate salivary host biosignatures for diagnosing pulmonary TB in children. Future directions for pediatric saliva studies are discussed, with suggestions for technologies that can be applied for salivary biomarker discovery and point-of-care test development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Khambati
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Olbrich
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerrold Ellner
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Rinn Song
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Else Margreet Bijker
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Chen J, Han YS, Yi WJ, Huang H, Li ZB, Shi LY, Wei LL, Yu Y, Jiang TT, Li JC. Serum sCD14, PGLYRP2 and FGA as potential biomarkers for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis based on data-independent acquisition and targeted proteomics. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12537-12549. [PMID: 32967043 PMCID: PMC7686995 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB), defined as tuberculosis (TB) resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, is a major concern of TB control worldwide. However, the diagnosis of MDR‐TB remains a huge challenge to its prevention and control. To identify new diagnostic methods for MDR‐TB, a mass spectrometry strategy of data‐independent acquisition and parallel reaction monitoring was used to detect and validate differential serum proteins. The bioinformatic analysis showed that the functions of differential serum proteins between the MDR‐TB group and the drug‐sensitive tuberculosis group were significantly correlated to the complement coagulation cascade, surface adhesion and extracellular matrix receptor interaction, suggesting a disorder of coagulation in TB. Here, we identified three potential candidate biomarkers such as sCD14, PGLYRP2 and FGA, and established a diagnostic model using these three candidate biomarkers with a sensitivity of 81.2%, a specificity of 90% and the area under the curve value of 0.934 in receiver operation characteristics curve to diagnose MDR‐TB. Our study has paved the way for a novel method to diagnose MDR‐TB and may contribute to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MDR‐TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Han
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huai Huang
- Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Liang Wei
- Department of Pneumology, Shaoxing Municipal Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | | | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
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16
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Xuan WX, Li JJ, Zhang QC, Sun GN, Xu ZW, Sun ZF, Zhang XJ. Protein expression shift and potential diagnostic markers through proteomics profiling of tuberculous pleurisy biopsy tissues. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 99:245-252. [PMID: 32758691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tuberculous pleurisy is a common type of tuberculosis (TB), but its diagnosis is challenging. This study aimed to profile the protein expression of this disease and identify new diagnostic makers. METHODS Biopsy tissues from patients with tuberculous pleurisy and controls were taken through thoracoscopy, and proteins were extracted for Tandem Mass Tag Mass Spectrometry. Differential protein expression was performed between patients and controls, and the identified proteins were analyzed for pathway enrichment. Selected proteins were further validated in another set of samples using a more quantitative method. RESULTS A total of 5101 proteins were detected and quantified in a discovery set of patients and controls. Overall protein expression was quite different between patients and controls. Most proteins were down-expressed, while a minority were overly expressed in the patient samples. At p value < 0.05 and absolute fold change >2, 295 proteins were found to be up-expressed and 608 down-expressed. The top enriched pathways included ECM-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades and focal adhesion. All 19 selected candidates were validated in an independent set of patient and control samples. CONCLUSION This unbiased proteomics approach not only provided unique insights into protein expression and pathways, but also discovered potential diagnostic markers for tuberculous pleurisy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xia Xuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qun-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guan-Nan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Fu Sun
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiao-Ju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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17
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Bekes K, Mitulović G, Meißner N, Resch U, Gruber R. Saliva proteomic patterns in patients with molar incisor hypomineralization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7560. [PMID: 32371984 PMCID: PMC7200701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an endemic pediatric disease with an unclear pathogenesis. Considering that saliva controls enamel remineralization and that MIH is associated with higher saliva flow rate, we hypothesized that the protein composition of saliva is linked to disease. To test this, we enrolled 5 children aged 6-14 years with MIH showing at least one hypersensitive molar and 5 caries-free children without hypomineralization. Saliva samples were subjected to proteomic analysis followed by protein classification in to biological pathways. Among 618 salivary proteins identified with high confidence, 88 proteins were identified exclusively in MIH patients and 16 proteins in healthy controls only. Biological pathway analysis classified these 88 patient-only proteins to neutrophil-mediated adaptive immunity, the activation of the classical pathway of complement activation, extracellular matrix degradation, heme scavenging as well as glutathione -and drug metabolism. The 16 controls-only proteins were associated with adaptive immunity related to platelet degranulation and the lysosome. This report suggests that the proteaneous composition of saliva is affected in MIH patients, reflecting a catabolic environment which is linked to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bekes
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - G Mitulović
- Proteomics Core Facility, Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - U Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Serum proteomics of active tuberculosis patients and contacts reveals unique processes activated during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3844. [PMID: 32123229 PMCID: PMC7052228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most lethal infection among infectious diseases. The specific aim of this study was to establish panels of serum protein biomarkers representative of active TB patients and their household contacts who were either infected (LTBI) or uninfected (EMI-TB Discovery Cohort, Pontevedra Region, Spain). A TMT (Tamdem mass tags) 10plex-based quantitative proteomics study was performed in quintuplicate containing a total of 15 individual serum samples per group. Peptides were analyzed in an LC-Orbitrap Elite platform, and raw data were processed using Proteome Discoverer 2.1. A total of 418 proteins were quantified. The specific protein signature of active TB patients was characterized by an accumulation of proteins related to complement activation, inflammation and modulation of immune response and also by a decrease of a small subset of proteins, including apolipoprotein A and serotransferrin, indicating the importance of lipid transport and iron assimilation in the progression of the disease. This signature was verified by the targeted measurement of selected candidates in a second cohort (EMI-TB Verification Cohort, Maputo Region, Mozambique) by ELISA and nephelometry techniques. These findings will aid our understanding of the complex metabolic processes associated with TB progression from LTBI to active disease.
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19
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Huang YL, Wang J, Jiang YH, Yang PY, Wang GW, Liu F. Development of amphiphile 4-armed PEO-based Ti4+ complex for highly selective enrichment of phosphopeptides. Talanta 2019; 204:670-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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