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Vieira S, Bolton TAW, Schöttner M, Baecker L, Marquand A, Mechelli A, Hagmann P. Multivariate brain-behaviour associations in psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 38824172 PMCID: PMC11144193 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping brain-behaviour associations is paramount to understand and treat psychiatric disorders. Standard approaches involve investigating the association between one brain and one behavioural variable (univariate) or multiple variables against one brain/behaviour feature ('single' multivariate). Recently, large multimodal datasets have propelled a new wave of studies that leverage on 'doubly' multivariate approaches capable of parsing the multifaceted nature of both brain and behaviour simultaneously. Within this movement, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and partial least squares (PLS) emerge as the most popular techniques. Both seek to capture shared information between brain and behaviour in the form of latent variables. We provide an overview of these methods, review the literature in psychiatric disorders, and discuss the main challenges from a predictive modelling perspective. We identified 39 studies across four diagnostic groups: attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD, k = 4, N = 569), autism spectrum disorders (ASD, k = 6, N = 1731), major depressive disorder (MDD, k = 5, N = 938), psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD, k = 13, N = 1150) and one transdiagnostic group (TD, k = 11, N = 5731). Most studies (67%) used CCA and focused on the association between either brain morphology, resting-state functional connectivity or fractional anisotropy against symptoms and/or cognition. There were three main findings. First, most diagnoses shared a link between clinical/cognitive symptoms and two brain measures, namely frontal morphology/brain activity and white matter association fibres (tracts between cortical areas in the same hemisphere). Second, typically less investigated behavioural variables in multivariate models such as physical health (e.g., BMI, drug use) and clinical history (e.g., childhood trauma) were identified as important features. Finally, most studies were at risk of bias due to low sample size/feature ratio and/or in-sample testing only. We highlight the importance of carefully mitigating these sources of bias with an exemplar application of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vieira
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - T A W Bolton
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Schöttner
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Baecker
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Mechelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cordeiro RC, Lima CNC, Fries GR, Zunta-Soares G, Soares JC, Quevedo J, Scaini G. Mitochondrial health index correlates with plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4622-4631. [PMID: 37723283 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play an essential role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), there is a glaring gap in our understanding of how mitochondrial dysfunction can modulate clinical phenotypes. An emerging paradigm suggests mitochondria play an important non-energetic role in adaptation to stress, impacting cellular resilience and acting as a source of systemic allostatic load. Known as mitochondrial allostatic load, this (phenomenon) occurs when mitochondria are unable to recalibrate and maintain cell homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the composite mitochondrial health index (MHI) in BD subjects and non-psychiatry controls. We will also explore whether lower MIH will be related to higher cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels and poor clinical outcomes. In this study, 14 BD-I patients and 16 age- and sex-matched non-psychiatry controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to measure the enzymatic activities of citrate synthase and complexes I, II, and IV and mtDNA copy number. Ccf-mtDNA was evaluated by qPCR in plasma. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) proteins were evaluated by western blotting. After adjusting for confounding variables, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status, patients with BD presented lower MHI compared to non-psychiatry controls, as well as higher ccf-mtDNA levels that negatively correlated with MHI. Because the MQC network is essential to maintain mitochondrial health, MHI and ccf-mtDNA were also examined in relation to several MQC-related proteins, such as Fis-1, Opa-1, and LC3. Our results showed that MHI correlated negatively with Fis-1 and positively with Opa-1 and LC3. Accordingly, ccf-mtDNA had a positive correlation with Fis-1 and a negative correlation with Opa-1 and LC3. Furthermore, we found a noteworthy inverse correlation between illness severity and MHI, with lower MHI and higher ccf-mtDNA levels in subjects with a longer illness duration, worse functional status, and higher depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate that mitochondrial allostatic load contributes to BD, suggesting mitochondria represent a potential biological intersection point that could contribute to impaired cellular resilience and increased vulnerability to stress and mood episodes. Ultimately, by linking mitochondrial dysfunction to disease progression and poor outcomes, we might be able to build a predictive marker that explains how mitochondrial function and its regulation contribute to BD development and that may eventually serve as a treatment guide for both old and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C Cordeiro
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camila N C Lima
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Interventional Psychiatry, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovana Zunta-Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Interventional Psychiatry, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Interventional Psychiatry, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
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Huang X, Jiang R, Peng S, Wei Y, Hu X, Chen J, Lian W. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220725. [PMID: 37941782 PMCID: PMC10628570 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the value of resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the brain extraction tool (BET) algorithm in evaluating the cranial nerve function of patients with delirium in intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 100 patients with delirium in hospital were studied, and 20 healthy volunteers were used as control. All the subjects were examined by MRI, and the images were analyzed by the BET algorithm, and the convolution neural network (CNN) algorithm was introduced for comparison. The application effects of the two algorithms were analyzed, and the differences of brain nerve function between delirium patients and normal people were explored. The results showed that the root mean square error, high frequency error norm, and structural similarity of the BET algorithm were 70.4%, 71.5%, and 0.92, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the CNN algorithm (P < 0.05). Compared with normal people, the ReHo values of pontine, hippocampus (right), cerebellum (left), midbrain, and basal ganglia in delirium patients were significantly higher. ReHo values of frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, parietal lobe, and temporal lobe and anisotropy scores (FA) of cerebellums (left), frontal lobe, temporal lobe (left), corpus callosum, and hippocampus (left) decreased significantly. The average diffusivity (MD) of medial frontal lobe, superior temporal gyrus (right), the first half of cingulate gyrus, bilateral insula, and caudate nucleus (left) increased significantly (P < 0.05). MRI based on the deep learning algorithm can effectively improve the image quality, which is valuable in evaluating the brain nerve function of delirium patients. Abnormal brain structure damage and abnormal function can be used to help diagnose delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruilai Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shushan Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanbin Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weibin Lian
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
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Scaini G, Cordeiro R, Lima CC, Fries G, Zunta-Soares G, Soares JC, de Quevedo J. Mitochondrial Health Index Correlates with Plasma Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA in Bipolar Disorder. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2821492. [PMID: 37162936 PMCID: PMC10168451 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821492/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although mitochondria dysfunction is known to play an essential role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), there is a glaring gap in our understanding of how mitochondrial dysfunction can modulate clinical phenotypes. This study aimed to evaluate the composite mitochondrial health index (MHI) in BD subjects and non-psychiatry controls (Non-psychiatry controls). We will also explore whether lower MIH will be related to higher cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels and poor clinical outcomes. Methods: Fourteen BD-I patients and 16 age- and sex-matched non-psychiatry controls were enrolled for this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to measure the enzymatic activities of citrate synthase and complexes I, II, and IV and mtDNA copy number. ccf-mtDNA was evaluated by qPCR in plasma. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) proteins were evaluated by western blotting. Results: One-Way ANCOVA after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status showed that patients with BD present a decrease in the MHI compared to non-psychiatry controls, and higher ccf-mtDNA levels, which was negatively correlated with MHI. Because the MQC network is essential to maintain mitochondrial health, we also evaluated the relationship between MQC-related proteins with MHI and ccf-mtDNA. Our results showed that MHI negatively correlated with Fis-1 and positively with Opa-1 and LC3. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between ccf-mtDNA, Opa-1, and LC3 and a positive correlation between cff-mtDNA and Fis-1. Finally, we found that subjects with longer illness duration, higher depressive symptom scores, and worse functional status had lower MHI and higher ccf-mtDNA. Conclusion: In summary, the present findings corroborate previous studies and provide strong support for the hypothesis that mitochondrial regulation and function are integral parts of the pathogenesis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | | | - Gabriel Fries
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Jair C Soares
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Kondo F, Whitehead JC, Corbalán F, Beaulieu S, Armony JL. Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder type-I: multivariate analysis of fMRI data. Int J Bipolar Disord 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36964848 PMCID: PMC10039967 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-023-00292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder type-I (BD-I) patients are known to show emotion regulation abnormalities. In a previous fMRI study using an explicit emotion regulation paradigm, we compared responses from 19 BD-I patients and 17 matched healthy controls (HC). A standard general linear model-based univariate analysis revealed that BD patients showed increased activations in inferior frontal gyrus when instructed to decrease their emotional response as elicited by neutral images. We implemented multivariate pattern recognition analyses on the same data to examine if we could classify conditions within-group as well as HC versus BD. METHODS We reanalyzed explicit emotion regulation data using a multivariate pattern recognition approach, as implemented in PRONTO software. The original experimental paradigm consisted of a full 2 × 2 factorial design, with valence (Negative/Neutral) and instruction (Look/Decrease) as within subject factors. RESULTS The multivariate models were able to accurately classify different task conditions when HC and BD were analyzed separately (63.24%-75.00%, p = 0.001-0.012). In addition, the models were able to correctly classify HC versus BD with significant accuracy in conditions where subjects were instructed to downregulate their felt emotion (59.60%-60.84%, p = 0.014-0.018). The results for HC versus BD classification demonstrated contributions from the salience network, several occipital and frontal regions, inferior parietal lobes, as well as other cortical regions, to achieve above-chance classifications. CONCLUSIONS Our multivariate analysis successfully reproduced some of the main results obtained in the previous univariate analysis, confirming that these findings are not dependent on the analysis approach. In particular, both types of analyses suggest that there is a significant difference of neural patterns between conditions within each subject group. The multivariate approach also revealed that reappraisal conditions provide the most informative activity for differentiating HC versus BD, irrespective of emotional valence (negative or neutral). The current results illustrate the importance of investigating the cognitive control of emotion in BD. We also propose a set of candidate regions for further study of emotional control in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Kondo
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyne C Whitehead
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Serge Beaulieu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Demirci GM, DeIngeniis D, Wong WM, Shereen AD, Nomura Y, Tsai CL. Superstorm Sandy exposure in utero is associated with neurobehavioral phenotypes and brain structure alterations in childhood: A machine learning approach. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1113927. [PMID: 36816117 PMCID: PMC9932505 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS), including exposure to natural disasters, has been shown to serve as a risk factor for future child psychopathology and suboptimal brain development, particularly among brain regions shown to be sensitive to stress and trauma exposure. However, statistical approaches deployed in most studies are usually constrained by a limited number of variables for the sake of statistical power. Explainable machine learning, on the other hand, enables the study of high data dimension and offers novel insights into the prominent subset of behavioral phenotypes and brain regions most susceptible to PNMS. In the present study, we aimed to identify the most important child neurobehavioral and brain features associated with in utero exposure to Superstorm Sandy (SS). Methods By leveraging an explainable machine learning technique, the Shapley additive explanations method, we tested the marginal feature effect on SS exposures and examined the individual variable effects on disaster exposure. Results Results show that certain brain regions are especially sensitive to in utero exposure to SS. Specifically, in utero SS exposure was associated with larger gray matter volume (GMV) in the right caudate, right hippocampus, and left amygdala and smaller GMV in the right parahippocampal gyrus. Additionally, higher aggression scores at age 5 distinctly correlated with SS exposure. Discussion These findings suggest in utero SS exposure may be associated with greater aggression and suboptimal developmental alterations among various limbic and basal ganglia brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde M. Demirci
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donato DeIngeniis
- Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wai Man Wong
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - A. Duke Shereen
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yoko Nomura
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chia-Ling Tsai
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Shi Y, Wang Z, Chen P, Cheng P, Zhao K, Zhang H, Shu H, Gu L, Gao L, Wang Q, Zhang H, Xie C, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Episodic Memory-Related Imaging Features as Valuable Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Multicenter Study Based on Machine Learning. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:171-180. [PMID: 33712376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individualized and reliable biomarkers are crucial for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, lack of accessibility and neurobiological correlation are the main obstacles to their clinical application. Machine learning algorithms can effectively identify personalized biomarkers based on the prominent symptoms of AD. METHODS Episodic memory-related magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of 143 patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were identified using a multivariate relevance vector regression algorithm. The support vector machine classification model was constructed using these MRI features and verified in 2 independent datasets (N = 994). The neurobiological basis was also investigated based on cognitive assessments, neuropathologic biomarkers of cerebrospinal fluid, and positron emission tomography images of amyloid-β plaques. RESULTS The combination of gray matter volume and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation MRI features accurately predicted episodic memory impairment in individual patients with amnesic MCI (r = 0.638) when measured using an episodic memory assessment panel. The MRI features that contributed to episodic memory prediction were primarily distributed across the default mode network and limbic network. The classification model based on these features distinguished patients with AD from normal control subjects with more than 86% accuracy. Furthermore, most identified episodic memory-related regions showed significantly different amyloid-β positron emission tomography measurements among the AD, MCI, and normal control groups. Moreover, the classification outputs significantly correlated with cognitive assessment scores and cerebrospinal fluid pathological biomarkers' levels in the MCI and AD groups. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging features can reflect individual episodic memory function and serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pindong Chen
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Piaoyue Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hao Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Montazeri M, Montazeri M, Bahaadinbeigy K, Montazeri M, Afraz A. Application of machine learning methods in predicting schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e962. [PMID: 36589632 PMCID: PMC9795991 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) are critical and high-risk inherited mental disorders with debilitating symptoms. Worldwide, 3% of the population suffers from these disorders. The mortality rate of these patients is higher compared to other people. Current procedures cannot effectively diagnose these disorders because it takes an average of 10 years from the onset of the first symptoms to the definitive diagnosis of the disease. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used to meet this need. This study aimed to summarize information on the use of ML techniques for predicting schizophrenia and BD to help early and timely diagnosis of the disease. Methods A systematic literature search included articles published until January 19, 2020 in 3 databases. Two reviewers independently assessed original papers to determine eligibility for inclusion in this review. PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct the study, and the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) to assess included papers. Results In this review, 1243 papers were retrieved through database searches, of which 15 papers were included based on full-text assessment. ML techniques were used to predict schizophrenia and BDs. The main algorithms applied were support vector machine (SVM) (10 studies), random forests (RF) (5 studies), and gradient boosting (GB) (3 studies). Input and output characteristics were very diverse and have been kept to enable future research. RFs algorithms demonstrated significantly higher accuracy and sensitivity than SVM and GB. GB demonstrated significantly higher specificity than SVM and RF. We found no significant difference between RF and SVM in terms of specificity. Conclusion ML can precisely predict results and assist in making clinical decisions-concerning schizophrenia and BD. RF often performed better than other algorithms in supervised learning tasks. This study identified gaps in the literature and opportunities for future psychological ML research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Montazeri
- Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran,Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Mitra Montazeri
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Mohadeseh Montazeri
- Department of Computer, Faculty of FatimahKerman Branch Technical and Vocational UniversityKermanIran
| | - Ali Afraz
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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Chen YL, Huang TH, Tu PC, Bai YM, Su TP, Chen MH, Hong JS, Wu YT. Neurobiological Markers for Predicting Treatment Response in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123047. [PMID: 36551802 PMCID: PMC9775451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive neurobiological markers for prognosis are essential but underemphasized for patients with bipolar disorder (BD), a neuroprogressive disorder. Hence, we developed models for predicting symptom and functioning changes. Sixty-one patients with BD were recruited and assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Montgomery−Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), UKU Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and Global Assessment of Functioning scale both at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. The models for predicting the changes in symptom and functioning scores were trained using data on the brain morphology, functional connectivity, and cytokines collected at baseline. The correlation between the predicted and actual changes in the YMRS, MADRS, PANSS, and UKU scores was higher than 0.86 (q < 0.05). Connections from subcortical and cerebellar regions were considered for predicting the changes in the YMRS, MADRS, and UKU scores. Moreover, connections of the motor network were considered for predicting the changes in the YMRS and MADRS scores. The neurobiological markers for predicting treatment-response symptoms and functioning changes were consistent with the neuropathology of BD and with the differences found between treatment responders and nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.B.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sheng Hong
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.B.); (Y.-T.W.)
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10
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Miley K, Michalowski M, Yu F, Leng E, McMorris BJ, Vinogradov S. Predictive models for social functioning in healthy young adults: A machine learning study integrating neuroanatomical, cognitive, and behavioral data. Soc Neurosci 2022; 17:414-427. [PMID: 36196662 PMCID: PMC9707316 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2132285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Poor social functioning is an emerging public health problem associated with physical and mental health consequences. Developing prognostic tools is critical to identify individuals at risk for poor social functioning and guide interventions. We aimed to inform prediction models of social functioning by evaluating models relying on bio-behavioral data using machine learning. With data from the Human Connectome Project Healthy Young Adult sample (age 22-35, N = 1,101), we built Support Vector Regression models to estimate social functioning from variable sets of brain morphology to behavior with increasing complexity: 1) brain-only model, 2) brain-cognition model, 3) cognition-behavioral model, and 4) combined brain-cognition-behavioral model. Predictive accuracy of each model was assessed and the importance of individual variables for model performance was determined. The combined and cognition-behavioral models significantly predicted social functioning, whereas the brain-only and brain-cognition models did not. Negative affect, psychological wellbeing, extraversion, withdrawal, and cortical thickness of the rostral middle-frontal and superior-temporal regions were the most important predictors in the combined model. Results demonstrate that social functioning can be accurately predicted using machine learning methods. Behavioral markers may be more significant predictors of social functioning than brain measures for healthy young adults and may represent important leverage points for preventative intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Miley
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States
| | - Martin Michalowski
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States
| | - Fang Yu
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ethan Leng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States
| | | | - Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis MN, United States
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11
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Sehmbi M, Suh JS, Rowley CD, Minuzzi L, Kapczinski F, Bock NA, Frey BN. Network properties of intracortical myelin associated with psychosocial functioning in bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:539-548. [PMID: 35114029 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder (BD) persists even during euthymia and has repeatedly been associated with illness progression and cognitive function. Its neurobiological correlates remain largely unexplored. Using a structural covariance approach, we explored whole cortex intracortical myelin (ICM) and psychosocial functioning in 39 BD type I and 58 matched controls. METHOD T1 -weighted images (3T) optimized for ICM measurement were analyzed using a surface-based approach. The ICM signal was sampled at cortical mid-depth using the MarsAtlas parcellation, and psychosocial functioning was measured via the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Following construction of structural covariance matrices, graph theoretical measures were calculated for each subject. Within BD and HC groups separately, correlations between network measures and FAST were explored. After accounting for multiple comparisons, significant correlations were tested formally using rank-based regressions accounting for sex differences. RESULTS In BD only, psychosocial functioning was associated with global efficiency (β = -0.312, pcorr = 0.03), local efficiency in the right rostral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (β = 0.545, pcorr = 0.001) and clustering coefficient in this region (β = 0.497, pcorr = 0.0002) as well as in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (β = 0.428, pcorr = 0.002). All results excepting global efficiency remained significant after accounting for severity of depressive symptoms. In contrast, no significant associations between functioning and network measures were observed in the HC group. CONCLUSION These results uncovered a novel brain-behaviour relationship between intracortical myelin signal changes and psychosocial functioning in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Sehmbi
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jee Su Suh
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Bock
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Liu Y, Chen K, Luo Y, Wu J, Xiang Q, Peng L, Zhang J, Zhao W, Li M, Zhou X. Distinguish bipolar and major depressive disorder in adolescents based on multimodal neuroimaging: Results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study ®. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221123705. [PMID: 36090673 PMCID: PMC9452797 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in adolescents are prevalent and are associated with cognitive impairment, executive dysfunction, and increased mortality. Early intervention in the initial stages of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder can significantly improve personal health. Methods We collected 309 samples from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, including 116 adolescents with bipolar disorder, 64 adolescents with major depressive disorder, and 129 healthy adolescents, and employed a support vector machine to develop classification models for identification. We developed a multimodal model, which combined functional connectivity of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and four anatomical measures of structural magnetic resonance imaging (cortical thickness, area, volume, and sulcal depth). We measured the performances of both multimodal and single modality classifiers. Results The multimodal classifiers showed outstanding performance compared with all five single modalities, and they are 100% for major depressive disorder versus healthy controls, 100% for bipolar disorder versus healthy control, 98.5% (95% CI: 95.4–100%) for major depressive disorder versus bipolar disorder, 100% for major depressive disorder versus depressed bipolar disorder and the leave-one-site-out analysis results are 77.4%, 63.3%, 79.4%, and 81.7%, separately. Conclusions The study shows that multimodal classifiers show high classification performances. Moreover, cuneus may be a potential biomarker to differentiate major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and healthy adolescents. Overall, this study can form multimodal diagnostic prediction workflows for clinically feasible to make more precise diagnose at the early stage and potentially reduce loss of personal pain and public society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Yangyang Luo
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiqiu Wu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Qu Xiang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Peng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Mingliang Li
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
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13
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Lee H, Rhee SJ, Kim J, Lee Y, Kim H, Lee J, Lee K, Shin H, Kim H, Lee TY, Kim M, Kim EY, Kim SH, Ahn YM, Kwon JS, Han D, Ha K. Predictive protein markers for depression severity in mood disorders: A preliminary trans-diagnostic approach study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:63-72. [PMID: 34325234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common symptom of many mental disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Previous studies have reported that these diseases share common pathophysiological pathways; therefore, this study elucidated whether the plasma levels of protein markers related to common depressive symptoms differed between patients with BD and those with MDD. Plasma samples of 71 patients with mood disorders and clinical manifestations were analyzed in this study. After depleting the abundant proteins, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and label-free quantification were performed. Five proteins, viz., cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), apolipoprotein D (APOD), mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 (MASP2), Ig lambda chain V-II region BO (IGLV2-8) and Ig kappa chain V-III region NG9 (IGKV3-20) were negatively associated with the total scores of the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D), after adjusting for the covariates. CETP and APOD also showed significant negative correlations with the anhedonia/retardation and guilt/agitation scores of the HAM-D. Four proteins, namely, Ig kappa chain V-II region TEW (IGKC; IGKV2D-28), Ig lambda variable 5-45 (IGLV5-45), complement factor H (CFH) and attractin (ATRN), showed significant associations with anhedonia/retardation after adjusting for covariates. Proteins that significantly correlated with the symptoms could predict the remission state of depression (area under the curve [AUC], 0.83) and anhedonia/retardation (AUC, 0.80). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that complement activation, immune response, and lipid metabolism were significantly enriched pathways. Although our study design was cross-sectional and no controls were included, protein markers identified in this preliminary study will be further investigated in our subsequent longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Jin Rhee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jayoun Kim
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunna Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junhee Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kangeun Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeyoon Kim
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Busatto G, Rosa PG, Serpa MH, Squarzoni P, Duran FL. Psychiatric neuroimaging research in Brazil: historical overview, current challenges, and future opportunities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2021; 43:83-101. [PMID: 32520165 PMCID: PMC7861184 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The last four decades have witnessed tremendous growth in research studies applying neuroimaging methods to evaluate pathophysiological and treatment aspects of psychiatric disorders around the world. This article provides a brief history of psychiatric neuroimaging research in Brazil, including quantitative information about the growth of this field in the country over the past 20 years. Also described are the various methodologies used, the wealth of scientific questions investigated, and the strength of international collaborations established. Finally, examples of the many methodological advances that have emerged in the field of in vivo neuroimaging are provided, with discussion of the challenges faced by psychiatric research groups in Brazil, a country of limited resources, to continue incorporating such innovations to generate novel scientific data of local and global relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Busatto
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro G. Rosa
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio H. Serpa
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Squarzoni
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio L. Duran
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Zhang W, Nery FG, Tallman MJ, Patino LR, Adler CM, Strawn JR, Fleck DE, Barzman DH, Sweeney JA, Strakowski SM, Lui S, DelBello MP. Individual prediction of symptomatic converters in youth offspring of bipolar parents using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:55-64. [PMID: 32008167 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Children of individuals with bipolar disorder (bipolar offspring) are at increased risk for developing mood disorders, but strategies to predict mood episodes are unavailable. In this study, we used support vector machine (SVM) to characterize the potential of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in predicting the first mood episode in youth bipolar offspring. From a longitudinal neuroimaging study, 19 at-risk youth who developed their first mood episode (converters), and 19 without mood episodes during follow-up (non-converters) were selected and matched for age, sex and follow-up time. Baseline 1H-MRS data were obtained from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Glutamate (Glu), myo-inositol (mI), choline (Cho), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), and phosphocreatine plus creatine (PCr + Cr) levels were calculated. SVM with a linear kernel was adopted to classify converters and non-converters based on their baseline metabolites. SVM allowed the significant classification of converters and non-converters across all regions for Cho (accuracy = 76.0%), but not for other metabolites. Considering all metabolites within each region, SVM allowed the significant classification of converters and non-converters for left VLPFC (accuracy = 76.5%), but not for right VLPFC or ACC. The combined mI, PCr + Cr, and Cho from left VLPFC achieved the highest accuracy differentiating converters from non-converters (79.0%). Our findings from this exploratory study suggested that 1H-MRS levels of mI, Cho, and PCr + Cr from left VLPFC might be useful to predict the development of first mood episode in youth bipolar offspring using machine learning. Future studies that prospectively examine and validate these metabolites as predictors of mood episodes in high-risk individuals are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fabiano G Nery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Maxwell J Tallman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - L Rodrigo Patino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Caleb M Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - David E Fleck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Drew H Barzman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
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16
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Neuroanatomic and Functional Neuroimaging Findings. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 48:173-196. [PMID: 33040316 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for brain morphology findings that could explain behavioral disorders has gone through a long path in the history of psychiatry. With the advance of brain imaging technology, studies have been able to identify brain morphology and neural circuits associated with the pathophysiology of mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorders (BD). Promising results have also shown the potential of neuroimaging findings in the identification of outcome predictors and response to treatment among patients with BD. In this chapter, we present brain imaging structural and functional findings associated with BD, as well as their hypothesized relationship with the pathophysiological aspects of that condition and their potential clinical applications.
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17
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Acosta JR, Librenza-Garcia D, Watts D, Francisco AP, Zórtea F, Raffa B, Kohmann A, Mugnol FE, Motta GL, Tramontina S, Passos IC. Bullying and psychotic symptoms in youth with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:603-610. [PMID: 31787423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is associated with psychosis in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). Although bullying represents a widespread form of childhood trauma, no studies thus far have investigated the association of bullying and psychosis in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). We aim to examine the association between psychosis in PBD with bullying victimization. METHODS We included 64 children and adolescents (age± mean= 12±3.43) outpatients with BD spectrum disorders. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed with the semi- structured interview Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime (KSADS-PL) version with additional depression and manic symptom items derived from the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders (WASH-U-KSADS). Bullying, demographic, and clinical variables were assessed during the clinical interview. RESULTS A lifetime history of psychotic symptoms was associated with bullying (p = 0.002), suicidal behavior (p = 0.006), low socioeconomic status (p = 0.04), and severity of PBD (p = 0.02). Only bullying (OR = 7.3; 95%CI = 2-32) and suicidal behavior (OR = 7.6; 95%CI = 1.5-47.8) remained significant after adjustment for confounders. In a supplementary analysis, we developed a model using supervised machine learning to identify the most relevant variables that differentiated participants with psychotic symptoms, which included bullying, Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S), and suicidal behavior (accuracy = 75%, [p = 0.03]; sensitivity = 77.91%; specificity = 69.05%; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.86). LIMITATIONS Small sample, cross-sectional design, and generalizability of findings beyond the outpatient clinical sample. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of assessing bullying in PBD participants. Future longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to replicate our findings and determine causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandira Rahmeier Acosta
- Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder (ProCAB), Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
| | - Diego Librenza-Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Devon Watts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ana Paula Francisco
- Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder (ProCAB), Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Franco Zórtea
- Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder (ProCAB), Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raffa
- Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder (ProCAB), Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - André Kohmann
- Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder (ProCAB), Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Eloisa Mugnol
- Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder (ProCAB), Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gledis Lisiane Motta
- Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder (ProCAB), Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silzá Tramontina
- Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder (ProCAB), Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Bipolar Disorder Program, HCPA, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
The global population is ageing at an accelerating speed. The ability to perform working memory tasks together with rapid processing becomes increasingly difficult with increases in age. With increasing national average life spans and a rise in the prevalence of age-related disease, it is pertinent to discuss the unique perspectives that can be gained from imaging the aged brain. Differences in structure, function, blood flow, and neurovascular coupling are present in both healthy aged brains and in diseased brains and have not yet been explored to their full depth in contemporary imaging studies. Imaging methods ranging from optical imaging to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to newer technologies such as photoacoustic tomography each offer unique advantages and challenges in imaging the aged brain. This paper will summarize first the importance and challenges of imaging the aged brain and then offer analysis of potential imaging modalities and their representative applications. The potential breakthroughs in brain imaging are also envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Humayun
- Photoacoustic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Photoacoustic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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