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Yu X, Cheng P, Yang Z, Fan H, Wang Q, Xu J, Zhu H, Gao Q. A novel prediction model for the probability of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders: Based on a cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:420-428. [PMID: 39098285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately predicting the probability of aggressive behavior is crucial for guiding early intervention in patients with mood disorders. METHODS Cox stepwise regression was conducted to identify potential influencing factors. Nomogram prediction models were constructed to predict the probabilities of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders, and their performance was assessed using consistency index (C-index) and calibration plots. RESULTS Research findings on 321 patients with mood disorders indicated that being older (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98), single (HR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.68), having children (one child, HR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.87; more than one child, HR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.04-2.48), living in dormitory (HR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08-0.77), non-student (employee, HR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.88; non-employee, HR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02-0.35), and higher scores in subjective support (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99) were protective factors. On the contrary, minorities (HR = 5.26, 95% CI: 1.23-22.48), living alone (HR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.60-11.94), having suicide history (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.06-5.95), and having higher scores in EPQ-E (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.08) and EPQ-P (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07) were identified as independent risk factors for aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders. The nomogram prediction model demonstrated high discrimination and goodness-of-fit. CONCLUSIONS A novel nomogram prediction model for the probability of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders was developed, effective in identifying at-risk populations and offering valuable insights for early intervention and proactive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peixia Cheng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Laboratory for Gene-Environment and Reproductive Health, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zexi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Fan
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Laboratory for Gene-Environment and Reproductive Health, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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Sorcher LK, Silver J, Chad-Friedman E, Carlson GA, Klein DN, Dougherty LR. Early Predictors and Concurrent Correlates of Tonic and Phasic Irritability in Adolescence. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:1105-1117. [PMID: 38478358 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Irritability is a common presenting problem in youth mental health settings that is thought to include two components: tonic (e.g., irritable, touchy mood) and phasic (e.g., temper outbursts), each with unique correlates and outcomes, including later internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. However, we are unaware of any studies of early predictors of tonic and phasic irritability. We utilized data from a longitudinal study of a community sample of 3-year-old children followed to age 15 (n = 444). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of items from several self-report irritability measures at age 15, including the Affective Reactivity Index, the International Personality Item Pool, the Schedule for Non-Adaptive and Adaptive Personality Youth Version, and the Child Depression Inventory, and examined their early childhood predictors. The CFA identified dimensions consistent with tonic and phasic irritability. Tonic irritability at age 15 was uniquely associated with concurrent internalizing disorders and suicidal behavior while phasic irritability was uniquely associated with concurrent externalizing disorders. When adolescent tonic and phasic irritability were examined together, female sex and parental depressive and substance use disorders at age 3 uniquely predicted adolescent tonic irritability. Additionally, male sex, less parental education, greater laboratory-observed anger and impulsivity, ODD symptoms, higher irritability, and no parental substance use history at age 3 uniquely predicted adolescent phasic irritability. Youth-reported tonic and phasic irritability at age 15 appear to be distinguishable constructs with distinct concurrent correlates and early antecedents. Findings have important implications for research on the etiology of irritability and developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K Sorcher
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Jamilah Silver
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Emma Chad-Friedman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lea R Dougherty
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Zhang S, Ouyang X, Yang K, Shen Y, Zheng S, Wang R, Sheng X, Ge M, Yang M, Zhou X. An Exploration of Depression and Aggression Among Patients with Schizophrenia in China Rural Community. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1717-1726. [PMID: 38660458 PMCID: PMC11041961 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s453891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In schizophrenia, aggressive conduct is frequent. And depressed mood can also contribute to the occurrence of aggressive behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of aggression in stable schizophrenia patients in rural China, mainly to investigate the role of depressed mood in the occurrence of aggression in schizophrenia patients. Patients and Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the townships surrounding Chaohu City, Anhui Province, China. Patients' depressive mood was evaluated using the PHQ-9 (The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). Patients' aggressiveness was evaluated using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). A score of ≥4 was used as a threshold and divided into aggressive and non-aggressive groups. Results This study comprised a total of 821 schizophrenia patients. Among them, the prevalence of having aggressive behavior was 18.8%. After correcting for confounders, logistic regression analysis showed that low education level (OR=0.470, 95% CI 0.254-0.870; p=0.016), living with family (OR=0.383, 95% CI 0.174-0.845; p=0.017) depressed mood (OR=1.147, 95% CI 1.112-1.184; p<0.001) was significantly associated with the risk of aggressive behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Multivariate linear regression indicated that higher levels of aggression were linked with lower levels of education and higher depressive mood. Conclusion This study suggests that aggression is more common in patients with stable schizophrenia, and lower levels of education and higher levels of depression are associated risk factors for its occurrence. Living alone may be helpful in reducing the likelihood of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Zhang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Ouyang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefei Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Shen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoqi Wang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanlian Sheng
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menglin Ge
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, People’s Republic of China
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Bashford-Largo J, Blair RJR, Blair KS, Dobbertin M, Elowsky J, Dominguez A, Hatch M, Bajaj S. Cortical volume alterations in the limbic network in adolescents with high reactive aggression. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38584251 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies show aggression-related structural alterations in frontal and limbic brain regions. Most studies have focused on overall aggression, instead of its subtypes, and on specific regions instead of networks. This study aims to identify both brain networks and regions that are associated with reactive and proactive subtypes of aggression. Structural MRI data were collected from 340 adolescents (125 F/215 M) with a mean age of 16.29 (SD = 1.20). Aggression symptomology was indexed via the Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ). Freesurfer was used to estimate Cortical Volume (CV) from seven networks and regions within specific networks associated with aggression. Two multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) were conducted on groups for low versus higher reactive and proactive RPQ scores. Our reactive aggression MANCOVA showed a main effect in CV [F(14,321) = 1.935, p = 0.022,ηp2 = 0.078] across all the 7-Networks. Unpacking this main effect revealed significant volumetric differences in the right Limbic Network (LN) (p = 0.029) and the Temporal Pole (p = 0.011), where adolescents in the higher reactive aggression group showed higher cortical volumes. Such findings are consistent with region/voxel-specific analyses that have associated atypical structure within the LN and reactive aggression. Moreover, the temporal pole is highly interconnected with regions important in the regulation and initiation of reactive aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannah Bashford-Largo
- Child and Family Translational Research Center, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - R James R Blair
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina S Blair
- Child and Family Translational Research Center, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Matthew Dobbertin
- Child and Family Translational Research Center, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Center, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Jaimie Elowsky
- Clinical Psychology Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ahria Dominguez
- Clinical Health, Emotion, and Neuroscience (CHEN) Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melissa Hatch
- Mind and Brain Health Laboratories (MBHL), Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sahil Bajaj
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Akram S, Baloch MYJ, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH, Idrees M, Al-Kubaisi HARA. Interface between mental health and the earthquake: considering humanitarian endeavor. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326407. [PMID: 38481846 PMCID: PMC10935552 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Akram
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Flannery RB, Flannery GJ. Characteristics of International Assaultive Psychiatric Patients: Review of Published Findings, 2017-2022. Psychiatr Q 2023; 94:559-568. [PMID: 37667138 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, empirical research has focused on a better understanding of the characteristics of assaultive psychiatric patients. International research from 1960 to 2017 indicated that male and female patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder presented the greatest risk for assault with nursing personnel being at higher risk. This present review of studies sought to assess the latest research findings on assaultive patients for the most recent five-year period, 2017-2022. It was hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorders would present the greatest assault risk for nursing personnel. The studies in this review supported this hypothesis. Assaults by patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse has been a consistent finding worldwide for 62 years of published research. Explanations for these findings, the possible role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in assaultive patients, and an updated methodological review are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond B Flannery
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School The ASAP Program, 7 Westchester Road, Newton, MA, 02458, USA.
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Furukawa M, Tada H, Raju R, Wang J, Yokoi H, Yamada M, Shikama Y, Matsushita K. Long-Term Soft-Food Rearing in Young Mice Alters Brain Function and Mood-Related Behavior. Nutrients 2023; 15:2397. [PMID: 37242280 PMCID: PMC10222696 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between caloric and nutrient intake and overall health has been extensively studied. However, little research has focused on the impact of the hardness of staple foods on health. In this study, we investigated the effects of a soft diet on brain function and behavior in mice from an early age. Mice fed a soft diet for six months exhibited increased body weight and total cholesterol levels, along with impaired cognitive and motor function, heightened nocturnal activity, and increased aggression. Interestingly, when these mice were switched back to a solid diet for three months, their weight gain ceased, total cholesterol levels stabilized, cognitive function improved, and aggression decreased, while their nocturnal activity remained high. These findings suggest that long-term consumption of a soft diet during early development can influence various behaviors associated with anxiety and mood regulation, including weight gain, cognitive decline, impaired motor coordination, increased nocturnal activity, and heightened aggression. Therefore, the hardness of food can impact brain function, mental well-being, and motor skills during the developmental stage. Early consumption of hard foods may be crucial for promoting and maintaining healthy brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Furukawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (R.R.); (J.W.); (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hirobumi Tada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu 474-8651, Japan;
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Resmi Raju
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (R.R.); (J.W.); (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (R.R.); (J.W.); (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Haruna Yokoi
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (R.R.); (J.W.); (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yamada
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (R.R.); (J.W.); (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shikama
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (R.R.); (J.W.); (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (R.R.); (J.W.); (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
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Liu Q, Joiner RJ, Trichtinger LA, Tran T, Cole DA. Dissecting the depressed mood criterion in adult depression: The heterogeneity of mood disturbances in major depressive episodes. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:392-399. [PMID: 36455714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disturbances have historically remained a core criterion in diagnosing major depressive episode. DSMs have illustrated this criterion with depressed, hopeless, discouraged, cheerless, and irritable mood, suggesting interchangeability. Extant research has examined individual forms of mood disturbance to depression severity. Less examined is the heterogeneity in mood disturbances and its implication to their association to depression presentations and outcomes. METHOD The current study used a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with unipolar major depressive disorder to study the association between specific forms of mood disturbances to depression severity, chronicity, or symptoms, above and beyond other forms, as well as their relations to functional impairment, suicidal outcomes, and psychiatric comorbidity via generalized linear models. RESULTS Cheerless and hopeless mood were associated with depression severity. Hopeless and irritable mood were associated with depression chronicity. Different forms of mood disturbance showed differential relations to depressive symptoms. Cheerless, hopeless, and irritable mood were associated with depression-specific functional interference, incremental to depression severity. Cheerless, hopeless, and discouraged mood were associated with passive suicidal ideation. Hopeless mood was associated with active suicidal ideation. Hopeless and irritable mood were associated with both suicide plan and suicide attempt. Different forms of mood disturbance demonstrated differential associations to comorbid psychiatric conditions. DISCUSSION The relations between different forms of mood disturbances and various aspects of depression are nuanced. Theoretically, these relations highlight the potential utility in acknowledging the complexity and heterogeneity in mood disturbances. Clinically, our results suggest potential utility in routinely monitoring mood disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Liu
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, United States of America.
| | - Raquael J Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Unviersity of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Lauren A Trichtinger
- Department of Mathematics, Computing, and Statistics, Simmons University, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Tran
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, United States of America
| | - David A Cole
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, United States of America
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McCloskey MS, Chen EY, Olino TM, Coccaro EF. Cognitive-Behavioral Versus Supportive Psychotherapy for Intermittent Explosive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther 2022; 53:1133-1146. [PMID: 36229112 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Few clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of psychotherapy for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED). The present study tested the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention (versus supportive psychotherapy) among adults with IED. In this randomized clinical trial, 44 participants with IED (22 men and 22 women) aged 20-55 years completed twelve 50-minute individual sessions of either a multi-component cognitive behavioral intervention for IED (n = 19) or a time equated supportive psychotherapy (n = 25). At baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up, all participants received the Overt Aggression Scale-Modified, which was conducted by an interviewer who was blind to the participant's study condition. During these visits, participants also completed self-report measures of relational aggression (Self-Report of Relational Aggression and Social Behavior), anger (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2), cognitive biases (e.g., Social Information Processing Questionnaire Attribution and Emotional Response Questionnaire), and associated symptoms (e.g., Beck Depression Inventory). Primary study outcomes were aggressive behavior and anger. Though participants in both treatments tended to improve over time, the cognitive behavioral intervention was superior to supportive psychotherapy in decreasing aggressive behavior and relational aggression. These findings support the efficacy of a multicomponent cognitive behavioral intervention in treating aggression in IED.
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Kim D, Liu Q, Quartana PJ, Yoon KL. Gender differences in aggression: A multiplicative function of outward anger expression. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:393-401. [PMID: 35316558 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with a higher (vs. lower) tendency to outwardly express anger (i.e., greater anger-out) generally exhibit greater aggression; men (vs. women) also tend to be more aggressive. Although the general aggression model posits that multiple person variables trigger aggression, the combined effects of multiple person variables are poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the nature of the relation between gender, anger-out, and reactive aggression. In particular, we were interested in whether the effects of anger-out and gender are additive or multiplicative. Specifically, we tested whether men exhibit higher levels of aggression than women at a consistent ratio across all levels of anger-out (i.e., the multiplicative model) or at a fixed amount depending on the level of anger-out (i.e., the additive interaction model). To this end, undergraduate participants (N = 203) completed a task in which they were falsely instructed that their objective was to respond more quickly than a same-sex opponent. They were told that whoever responded more quickly would administer a white noise burst to the opponent and choose its intensity, which served as our measure of aggression. Compared to an additive interaction model, the multiplicative model exhibited a better fit. Specifically, men displayed proportionately more aggression than women with the same level of anger-out. Research on and treatment for aggression should consider the multiplicative effects of factors related to aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyeon Kim
- Department of Psychology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA
| | - Qimin Liu
- Department of Psychology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA
- Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
| | | | - K. Lira Yoon
- Department of Psychology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland USA
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11
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Liu Q, Cole DA. The association of phasic irritability (aggressive outbursts) and tonic irritability (irritable mood) to depression occurrences, symptoms, and subtypes. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:9-18. [PMID: 34157615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research among adults has rarely differentiated between tonic irritability (i.e., irritable mood) and phasic irritability (i.e., aggressive outbursts) with respect to multiple dimensions of depression. The current study explored both tonic and phasic irritability in relation to depression severity, depression chronicity, age of depression onset, individual depressive symptom, and depression subtypes. METHODS The study included participants (N = 5692) from the National Comorbidity Survey - Replication (NCS-R) part two. The NCS-R used lay-administered, fully standardized diagnostic interviews. The current study implemented linear models, generalized linear models, Cox proportional hazard model, and latent class regression. RESULTS Both types of irritability were significantly associated with greater risk for MDD diagnosis, as well as risk for having at least one depressive symptom, early MDE onset, and MDE chronicity. Both phasic and tonic irritability were associated with greater odds of specific depressive symptoms and were differentially related to distinct depressive symptom constellations. Phasic irritability related only to severe depression. Lastly, both phasic and tonic irritability was associated with suicidal ideation, but only phasic irritability was associated with a suicide plan and attempt, above and beyond depression subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Both phasic and tonic irritability differentially related to almost all aspects of depression in adults. Specifically, tonic irritability showed overall stronger associations with various depressive features, whereas phasic irritability marked higher depressive severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Liu
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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12
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Szczypiński J, Jakubczyk A, Kopera M, Trucco E, Wojnar M. Impulsivity Scale-12 and its utilization in alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108809. [PMID: 34175785 PMCID: PMC8311392 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the core symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is impulsivity. The recently published study on the Impulsivity Scale 12 (IS-12) offers a promising tool to use in clinics working with clients with AUD due to its simplicity. IS-12 includes subscales related tocognitive impulsivity and behavioral impulsivity, which are related to different aspects of AUD symptomatology. The aim of the study was to adapt IS-12 to polish and test its utility in a sample of patients diagnosed with AUD. METHODS Using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis, we compared the two-factor model of the Polish adaptation of the BIS-11 and the IS-12 on a sample of 615 patients diagnosed with AUD. Additionally, we explored the association between the IS-12's cognitive impulsivity and behavioral impulsivity subscales and depressive symptoms, AUD severity, and suicidal ideation using Structural Equation Modeling on a subsample of 450 patients with AUD. RESULTS The IS-12 demonstrated a better model fit and good reliability compared to the BIS-11. Moreover, cognitive impulsivity predicted suicidal ideation, but not AUD severity, while behavioral impulsivity predicted AUD severity, but not suicidal ideation. Both subscales of IS-12 predicted depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Consistent with prior work, findings indicate that the second-order factor model of the BIS-11 had reliability issues and evidenced poor model fit. In contrast, the IS-12 demonstrated a satisfactory model fit and was predictive of clinical symptomatology. Thus, utilizing an easy tool, such as IS-12, might be beneficial for researchers and clinicians working with patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Szczypiński
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisa Trucco
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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