1
|
Shen S, Teng J, Fekete G, Mei Q, Zhao J, Yang F, Gu Y. Influence of Torsional Stiffness in Badminton Footwear on Lower Limb Biomechanics. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:196-208. [PMID: 38455438 PMCID: PMC10915609 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Torsional stiffness of athletic footwear plays a crucial role in preventing injury and improving sports performance. Yet, there is a lack of research focused on the biomechanical effect of torsional stiffness in badminton shoes. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the influence of three different levels of torsional stiffness in badminton shoes on biomechanical characteristics, sports performance, and injury risk in badminton players. Fifteen male players, aged 22.8 ± 1.96 years, participated in the study, performing badminton-specific tasks, including forehand clear stroke [left foot (FCL) and right foot (FCR)], 45-degree sidestep cutting (45C), and consecutive vertical jumps (CVJ). The tasks were conducted wearing badminton shoes of torsional stiffness measured with Shore D hardness 50, 60, and 70 (referred to as 50D, 60D, and 70D, respectively). The primary biomechanical parameters included ankle, knee, and MTP joint kinematics, ankle and knee joint moments, peak ground reaction forces, joint range of motion (ROM), and stance time. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed for normally distributed data and Friedman tests for non-normally distributed data. The 70D shoe exhibited the highest ankle dorsiflexion and lowest ankle inversion peak angles during 45C task. The 60D shoe showed significantly lower knee abduction angle and coronal motions compared to the 50D and 70D shoes. Increased torsional stiffness reduced stance time in the FCR task. No significant differences were observed in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral ground reaction forces (GRF). However, the 70D shoe demonstrated higher vertical GRF than the 50D shoe while performing the FCR task, particularly during 70% - 75% of stance. Findings from this study revealed the significant role of torsional stiffness in reducing injury risk and optimizing performance during badminton tasks, indicating that shoes with an intermediate level of stiffness (60D) could provide a beneficial balance between flexibility and stability. These findings may provide practical references in guiding future badminton shoe research and development. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of altering stiffness, considering factors such as athletic levels and foot morphology, to understand of the influence of torsional stiffness on motion biomechanics and injury prevalence in badminton-specific tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Jin Teng
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jia Zhao
- Li Ning Sport Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Li Ning Sport Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leguizamo F, Núñez A, Gervilla E, Olmedilla A, Garcia-Mas A. Exploring attributional and coping strategies in competitive injured athletes: a qualitative approach. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1287951. [PMID: 37965668 PMCID: PMC10641461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1287951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explores the attributions and coping strategies of athletes who experienced psychological impact from sport injuries or illness from a qualitative methodology. Purpose To understand athletes' unique perspectives on injury and recovery, framed in the Global Model of Sport Injuries, and contribute to the development of effective interventions and support programs for athletes. Methods A qualitative research approach was employed, conducting semi-structured interviews with an ad hoc sample of 16 athletes, representing diverse backgrounds and competitive levels. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software, identifying themes and codes related to attributions and coping strategies. Results Athletes attributed their sport injury mostly to bad luck, routine deviations, and negative mental states, while coping strategies used included cognitive restructuring, emotional calming, seeking social support, mental withdrawal, and behavioral risk. Factors such as training deviations, social support, psychological responses, and injury diagnosis seems to have influenced the coping strategies employed. Conclusions Sport injuries and illnesses significantly impact athletes' careers and wellbeing. Support and effective communication from coaching staff and healthcare professionals were identified as crucial for athletes' wellbeing. These findings contribute to understanding the psychological processes and experiences involved in sport injury recovery and highlight key elements for prevention and intervention protocols. Future research should explore communication patterns in sports contexts and assess attributions and coping strategies at different stages of injury recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Leguizamo
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group in Data Analysis (GRAD), Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Statistical and Psychometric Procedures Applied in Health Sciences (PSICOMEST), Health Research Institute Foundation of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Núñez
- Research Group of Sports Sciences (GICAFE), Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Elena Gervilla
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group in Data Analysis (GRAD), Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Statistical and Psychometric Procedures Applied in Health Sciences (PSICOMEST), Health Research Institute Foundation of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Aurelio Olmedilla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, Regional Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Mas
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group of Sports Sciences (GICAFE), Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lacey A, Whyte E, O’Keeffe S, O’Connor S, Burke A, Moran K. The Running Injury Continuum: A qualitative examination of recreational runners' description and management of injury. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292369. [PMID: 37792711 PMCID: PMC10550191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A critical step in understanding and preventing running-related injuries (RRIs) is appropriately defining RRIs. Current definitions of RRIs may not represent the full process of injury development, failing to capture lower levels of injury that many athletes continue to train through. Understanding runners' description and management of the injury development process may allow for a more appropriate examination of all levels of injury. This study aimed to examine recreational runners' description and management of the injury development process. METHODS A qualitative focus group study was undertaken. Seven semi-structured focus groups with male (n = 13) and female (n = 18) recreational runners took place. Focus groups were audio and video recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were reflexively thematically analysed. A critical friend approach was taken to data coding. Multiple methods of trustworthiness were executed. RESULTS Runners describe injury on a nine-level continuum, ranging from injury-free to career-ending injury. There are lower and higher levels of injury. Each level of injury is described across four categories of descriptors; physical description, outcome (effect on running and daily life), psychological description, and management. CONCLUSION The Running Injury Continuum is a tool that can be used for injury surveillance (for healthcare professionals and researchers) and for research investigating RRI risk factors. Healthcare professionals, researchers and coaches must ensure they monitor the development of all levels of RRIs, across all categories of descriptors. Runners need to be educated regarding appropriate self-management strategies for lower level injuries, with access to evidence-based information being a critical management tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Lacey
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda Whyte
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad O’Keeffe
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán O’Connor
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Burke
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen SF, Wang Y, Bing F, Zhang M. The effects of alteration in muscle activation on the iliotibial band during an exhaustive run. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:99. [PMID: 37563654 PMCID: PMC10416503 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long exhausted running causes pain at the lateral femoral epicondyle for some runners. The pain has been revealed to be related to the behavior of the iliotibial band (ITB) during running. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of in-series musculature on the behavior of the ITB in healthy participants during an exhaustive run. METHODS Twenty-five healthy participants (15 males, 10 females) were recruited in the current study. All participants performed a 30-minute exhaustive run at a self-selected speed with laboratory-provided footwear. Muscle activities of ITB-related muscles including tensor fascia latae (TFL), gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), biceps femoris (BF), and vastus lateralis (VL) were recorded using surface electromyography (EMG). RESULTS Maximum amplitudes at the initial stage (the first minute), the mid stage (the 15-minute), and the end stage (the 30-minute) were compared during the exhaustive running. Significant decreases (p < 0.05) were observed in the maximum amplitudes of the TFL, Gmax, Gmed, and BF at the mid (decreased by ~ 15%) and end (decreased by ~ 30%) stages compared to the initial stage. The onset and the offset remained unaltered during the running (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION The behavior of the healthy ITB might be altered due to the activities of the in-series musculature. Excessive compression forces might be applied to the lateral femoral epicondyle from the ITB to provide stability for the knee joint during an exhaustive run. The findings could provide a basic understanding of the behavior of healthy ITB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Fei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fangbo Bing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siddiqui R, Mriza EH, Javed R, Al-Qahtani M. Investigation of the Tissue Degenerative Impact of Increased BMI in Achilles Tendon via Strain Elastography and Finite Element Analysis. Curr Med Imaging 2023; 19:587-595. [PMID: 36125819 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220805101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is focused on establishing a relationship between poor muscle activity faced by obese individuals due to the change in stiffness of the intramuscular mass of the lower limb. This issue is also common among athletes and physically active teenagers. OBJECTIVE The study is aimed at a subject assessment diagnosis technique named as Strain Elastography (SE) to measure muscle strain. Further, Finite Element Modelling (FEM) technique is used to investigate the strain and/or deformations generated in the Achilles Tendon (AT) models, which were categorized according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) through computationally applied loadings. METHODS Total 54 volunteers with an average age of 21.85 ± 1.28 years were categorized into three groups according to their BMI (kg/m2); under BMI < 18.5 (n=14), normal BMI = 18.5-24.9 (n=20) and over BMI/obese > 25.0 (n=20). Additionally, multiple correlational analyses were performed between full range of BMI values and SE outcome. RESULTS The presence of significant difference (p<0.05) was measured between different categories for BMI, BFMI, FFMI, DLFC, tendon length, tendon thickness and SR. Moreover, multiple correlational analyses and scatter plot strengthen the results. For FEM simulations, the maximum deformation was observed at the proximal end of the tendon in all three groups. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that change in tendon stiffness and the resulting change in tendon structure was visualized with increased BMI. Moreover, obese individuals are more prone to tendon injury due to the increment in tendon thickness which causes bulging of the AT due to higher loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Siddiqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eraj H Mriza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ravish Javed
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh-11433,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi Al-Qahtani
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh-11433,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peterson B, Searle A, Spink M, Hawke F, Callister R, Chuter V. Going their own way–male recreational runners and running-related injuries: A qualitative thematic analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273401. [PMID: 36006999 PMCID: PMC9409521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recreational running is one of the most common physical leisure activities worldwide and is associated with high rates of running related injury (RRI). Little is known of the perceptions of male recreational runners regarding the aetiology and management of RRI. Design Utilising an interpretive phenomenological analysis framework, qualitative data was gathered from participants via interview, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop insights into the experiences and perceptions of the participants in relation to RRI. Materials and methods Two focus groups with a total of six (mean age 37.8 ± 9.5 years, 16.5 ± 13.1 years running experience) male recreational runners were used to obtain data regarding their understanding of RRI causation, prevention and management. Interviews were evaluated using a six-phase reflexive thematic analysis approach to generate and interpret themes within the data. Results Three themes (Mind, Body and Education) were identified by the analysis as critical to RRI avoidance. Mind refers to the self-understanding and self-management of personal limits required for RRI prevention. Body reflects a degree of physical conditioning necessary for injury free running, while Education indicates an understanding of how to correctly structure a running program. When viewed together these themes can be seen to form an ‘internal locus of injury’ model which highlights the runners’ beliefs that RRI are related to their decisions regarding training and running, and that avoidance of injury lies within their personal control. Conclusion Recreational runners rely on self-management, in preference to professional advice, to manage training loads, fitness and RRI. Health care professionals involved with this population may consider the use of online resources, a preferred option of runners, to assist runners to build their knowledge base and support their development to experienced runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Peterson
- Department of Podiatry, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Central Coast Campus, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Angela Searle
- School of Health Sciences, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Central Coast Campus, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Spink
- School of Health Sciences, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Central Coast Campus, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Hawke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Central Coast Campus, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivienne Chuter
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Braaksma C, Wolterbeek N, Veen RMR, Prinsen CAC, Ostelo RWJG. The Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Shortform Does Not Adequately Represent Physical Functioning in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 25:S1098-3015(22)02037-X. [PMID: 36031481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A frequently used patient-reported outcome measure for assessing physical functioning in patients with hip problems is the 5-item Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Shortform (HOOS-PS). Nevertheless, its content validity (whether this instrument adequately reflects the construct of physical functioning) is unknown. This study aimed to assess the content validity of the HOOS-PS. METHODS A quantitative and qualitative research approach was used. Physical functioning was defined as the ability to perform activities that require physical actions, ranging from self-care to more complex activities that require a combination of skills, often within a social context. Patients (n = 51) and experts (n = 25) completed questionnaires regarding the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the HOOS-PS. Semistructured interviews (n = 5) explored issues identified in the quantitative data in more depth. Thematic content analysis was conducted using a coding frame. RESULTS One of the 5 items was considered relevant to measure physical functioning. Comprehensiveness was considered insufficient by both patients and experts. Furthermore, comprehensibility was considered inadequate. Several items were found ambiguous or double barreled. Regarding interpretability, floor or ceiling effects were not found. CONCLUSIONS This study showed concerns about the content validity of the HOOS-PS: most items are considered not relevant, the HOOS-PS is considered not comprehensive, and several items are considered not comprehensible. These findings challenge the applicability of the HOOS-PS in clinical practice, research, value-based healthcare, and benchmarking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christel Braaksma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke Wolterbeek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remmelt M R Veen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia A C Prinsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond W J G Ostelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences and the Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Psychosocial Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Competitive Athletes: A Mixed-Studies Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:773-788. [PMID: 34860356 PMCID: PMC8938379 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background While the psychosocial risk factors for traumatic injuries have been comprehensively investigated, less is known about psychosocial factors predisposing athletes to overuse injuries. Objective The aim of this review was to systematically identify studies and synthesise data that examined psychosocial risk factors for overuse injuries in athletes. Design Systematic review. Data Sources MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases, supplemented by hand searching of journals and reference lists. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies Quantitative and qualitative studies involving competitive athletes, published prior to July 2021, and reporting the relationship between psychosocial variables and overuse injury as an outcome were reviewed. This was limited to academic peer-reviewed journals in Swedish, English, German, Spanish and French. An assessment of the risk of bias was performed using modified versions of the RoBANS and SBU Quality Assessment Scale for Qualitative Studies. Results Nine quantitative and five qualitative studies evaluating 1061 athletes and 27 psychosocial factors were included for review. Intra-personal factors, inter-personal factors and sociocultural factors were found to be related to the risk of overuse injury when synthesised and reported according to a narrative synthesis approach. Importantly, these psychosocial factors, and the potential mechanisms describing how they might contribute to overuse injury development, appeared to be different compared with those already known for traumatic injuries. Conclusions There is preliminary evidence that overuse injuries are likely to partially result from complex interactions between psychosocial factors. Coaches and supporting staff are encouraged to acknowledge the similarities and differences between traumatic and overuse injury aetiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01597-5.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hespanhol L, Vallio CS, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E. Can we explain running-related injury preventive behavior? A path analysis. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:601-609. [PMID: 34001423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral and social science theories/models have been gaining attention in sports injury prevention. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining running-related injury preventive behavior. METHODS Six-month prospective cohort study based on data gathered from a randomized controlled trial. From a total of 1512 invited trail runners, 232 were included in this study. Preventive behaviors and their determinants were assessed at baseline and two and six months after baseline. Five-point Likert scales were used to assess the determinants of preventive behavior. A Bayesian path analysis was conducted applying mixed models and mediation analysis. RESULTS A 1-point increase in intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control predicted an increase of 54% (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 38, 71) in the rate of performing running-related injury preventive behavior, explaining 49% (R2 0.49; 95% BCI: 0.41, 0.56) of the variance around preventive behavior. Intention and perceived behavioral control predicted running-related injury preventive behavior directly, while 40% (95% BCI: 21, 61) and 44% (95% BCI: 20, 69) of the total effect of attitude was mediated by intention and perceived behavioral control, respectively. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control predicted intention. CONCLUSIONS The Theory of Planned Behavior may have the potential to explain half of the variance around running-related injury preventive behavior and intention. Therefore, such theory may be considered a relevant and useful tool in developing, investigating, and/or implementing programs aimed at preventing running-related injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Hespanhol
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Public and Occupational Health (DPOH), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Caio Sain Vallio
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health (DPOH), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Center of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health (DPOH), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Martin S, Johnson U, McCall A, Ivarsson A. Psychological risk profile for overuse injuries in sport: An exploratory study. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1926-1935. [PMID: 33787453 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1907904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Overuse injuries account for a substantial part of sport injury incidence among athletes of various sports and levels. Despite the gradual onset of symptoms, athletes often persevere in training and competing. The present exploratory study aimed to identify a psychological risk profile for overuse injury. One hundred and forty-nine athletes competing in various sports responded to a range of questionnaires measuring the following psychological variables: negative life stress, perfectionistic concerns, perfectionistic strivings, athletic identity, and the coach-athlete relationship. Participants subsequently answered the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire on a weekly basis during a 10-week period. Using a latent profile analysis, athletes were classified into three latent profiles regarding their psychological characteristics. Athletes in the second profile, characterized by a combination of high athletic identity, perfectionistic concerns and negative life stress and poor coach-athlete relationship, were found to be significantly more often affected by overuse injuries (74% of the time) than individuals in the two other profiles (52% and 48% of the time, respectively). In conclusion, psychological factors may contribute to the risk of overuse injuries through complex interactions (i.e. accounting for interdependencies within a specific configuration of variables) rather than through their independent influences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Martin
- APERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Center of Research on Welfare Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Urban Johnson
- Center of Research on Welfare Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Alan McCall
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Center of Research on Welfare Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Perspectives of Nigerian Athletes About Physiotherapy Services in Sports Injury Management: Implications for Rehabilitation. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:876-883. [PMID: 33596541 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes' perceptions toward physiotherapy services have an impact on their general attitude toward these services and their willingness to work together with physiotherapists for rehabilitation. The study investigated athletes' perspectives of physiotherapy services in sports injury management. METHODS A mixed-study design of a cross-sectional survey that involved 178 conveniently sampled athletes and an explanatory qualitative study (8 purposively-selected athletes) was used. The authors assessed the participants' knowledge and perception of physiotherapy services using the modified versions of the Athletes' Level of Knowledge Questionnaire, Matsuno Athletes Perception Scale, and focus group discussion. The data were analyzed using chi-square, Spearman correlation at P ≤ .05, and deductive reasoning thematic analysis. RESULTS The age of the participants for the cross-sectional survey (131 men and 47 women) was 22.50 (7.51) years. Our results showed that the majority (91.6%) of them had adequate knowledge and (78.7%) positive perception about the role physiotherapists play in sports injury management. The participants' knowledge of physiotherapy services had a significantly positive correlation with age (ρ = .12; P = .01), sporting years (ρ = .17; P = .02), and duration in sports council (ρ = .19; P = .01), while their perception showed a negative correlation with age (ρ = -.15; P = .05), sporting years (ρ = -.16; P = .03), and duration in sports council (ρ = -.08; P = .02). However, no significant correlation existed between the participants' knowledge; perception and level of education; level of competition; type of sport; and type, nature, and severity of sport injury. Seven themes were generated from the focus group discussion. CONCLUSION The participants reported adequate knowledge and a positive perception of physiotherapy services. The correlates of participants' knowledge and perception of physiotherapy services are age, sporting years, and duration in the sports council. From the qualitative component of the study, the authors identified the need to provide more physiotherapy services to athletes and more facilities for physiotherapy services.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mónico JL, Silva F, Marques JP, Cardoso J, Mónico L, Fonseca F. Study on Overload Injuries during Periods of Intense Physical Activity Complemented by Isokinetic Dynamometry Evaluation. Rev Bras Ortop 2020; 55:681-686. [PMID: 33364644 PMCID: PMC7748940 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The present study aims to measure the incidence of overload injuries in training soldiers, who are subjected to intense physical exercise, and to compare it with a control group. Next, it intends to verify whether there is any relationship between overload injuries and some neuromuscular function parameters.
Methods
Analytical, prospective observational study. Both the observational and the control group consisted of soldiers from the Portuguese Army. Clinical evaluation was performed by medical interview in the week prior to the beginning of a military parachuting course and in the week immediately after its completion. The neuromuscular performance was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry during the medical interview.
Results
With 44 of the 57 military personnel in training complaining of pain, the observational group had significantly more injuries than the control group (
p
< 0.001). Five complaints had traumatic origin and 39 were overload injuries. Of the 39 military personnel with overload injuries, 21 reported limited sports performance. However, isokinetic dynamometry showed no statistically significant differences in neuromuscular performance (
p
= 0.223 and
p
= 0.229).
Conclusion
Military personnel in training are prone to overload injuries, with an incidence rate > 70%. The implementation of strategies for injury monitoring and prevention is critical to promote health and physical capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisete Mónico
- Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Fonseca
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fröhlich S, Pazeller S, Cherati AS, Müller E, Frey WO, Spörri J. Overuse injuries in the knee, back and hip of top elite female alpine skiers during the off-season preparation period: prevalence, severity and their association with traumatic preinjuries and training load. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000892. [PMID: 33408876 PMCID: PMC7768963 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate knee, back and hip overuse injuries in top female elite alpine skiers during the off-season preparation, which has so far received little attention, and to assess their relationship with traumatic preinjuries and overall training load. Methods A cohort of 26 females of the Swiss Alpine Ski-Team were prospectively surveyed by the use of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire. Along with the surveys also total training loads were monitored. Data on preinjuries were assessed retrospectively by baseline questionnaires and were verified by team medical records. Results 57.7% of the female skiers suffered from at least one severe traumatic knee injury during their preceding career. The average 2-weekly prevalence of overuse injuries was highest for the knee, followed by the back and hip. Technique specialists (major giant slalom and slalom) were more prone to back overuse injuries than speed specialists (major super-G and downhill). The occurrence of knee overuse complaints was directly associated to previous severe traumatic knee injuries and athletes' total training hours. Conclusion In top female elite alpine skiers, knee, back and hip overuse injuries are relatively frequent. Moreover, discipline preferences, previous traumatic injuries and the overall training load may play an important role for their manifestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fröhlich
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Pazeller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Afsaneh Safar Cherati
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Walter O Frey
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Spörri
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Asa N, Newton A, Sullivan L, Shi J, Wheeler K, Smith GA, Yang J. Horseback riding-related injuries treated in emergency departments: Risk factors and prevention strategies. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2019; 71:251-257. [PMID: 31862037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite inherit dangers of horseback riding (HBR), research on HBR-related injuries is sparse. This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to (1) examine HBR-related injuries treated in emergency departments (EDs) and associated risk factors and (2) explore HBR-related injury experiences and recommendations for prevention strategies from the perspective of riders. METHOD We retrospectively analyzed data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), identifying HBR-related ED visits between 2010 and 2014. Additionally, we conducted 10 phone interviews with active horseback riders to understand their experiences and perspectives regarding HBR-related injuries and recommendations for prevention measures. RESULTS A total of 21,899 ED visits for HBR-related injuries were identified. When weighted, these represented 100,964 ED visits in the United States. Females had a consistently higher proportion of ED visits compared to males across the study period, with the proportion of ED visits being highest in females aged 15-19. Most injuries (85.9%) were treated and released from the ED. Three primary themes were identified as key to the prevention of HBR-related injuries: (1) rider safety (e.g., use of protective equipment), (2) external factors (e.g., awareness of environment), and (3) rider and horse interactions (e.g., matching skill level of the rider to the horse). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that HBR-related injuries treated in EDs are prevalent, with female riders aged 15-19 years having the highest proportion of injuries treated in EDs. Practical Applications: There is a critical need for injury prevention programs that not only promote the use of protective equipment, but that also educate horseback riders on horse behavior, the proper handling of horses, and safe riding practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Asa
- Center for Injury Research and Policy at The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Alison Newton
- Center for Injury Research and Policy at The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lindsay Sullivan
- Center for Injury Research and Policy at The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Junxin Shi
- Center for Injury Research and Policy at The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Krista Wheeler
- Center for Injury Research and Policy at The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Gary A Smith
- Center for Injury Research and Policy at The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy at The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roos KG, Kucera KL, Golightly YM, Myers JB, Rosamond WD, Marshall SW. Variability in the identification and reporting of overuse injuries among sports injury surveillance data collectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:143-146. [PMID: 31772716 DOI: 10.3928/19425864-20190214-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study examined variability in identifying and reporting overuse injuries among Certified Athletic Trainers (ATs). Methods This cross-sectional study of ATs participating in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Injury Surveillance Program, utilized a novel online-only survey, consisting of seven hypothetical clinical scenarios representing various clinical presentations including overuse and acute elements. Participants reported clinical opinions regarding the role overuse played in each scenario (major contributor, not a major contributor, not enough information) and probability (0-100%) of classifying each scenario as having an overuse injury mechanism, then completed open-ended questions addressing their decision-making process. Results 74 ATs (25%) completed the survey. Six of the seven scenarios generated discordance in responses among the participating ATs. Variability in AT decisions involved: the progression of injury, duration of symptoms, and activity at time of injury. Conclusion Developing a formalized definition of overuse injury may improve consistency and standardize methods for identifying and reporting overuse injuries within injury research.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wickström W, Spreco A, Bargoria V, Elinder F, Hansson PO, Dahlström Ö, Timpka T. Perceptions of Overuse Injury Among Swedish Ultramarathon and Marathon Runners: Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised (IPQ-R). Front Psychol 2019; 10:2406. [PMID: 31695664 PMCID: PMC6817950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-distance runners’ understandings of overuse injuries are not well known which decreases the possibilities for prevention. The common sense model (CSM) outlines that runners’ perceptions of a health problem can be described using the categories identity, consequence, timeline, personal control, and cause. The aim of this study was to use the CSM to investigate perceptions of overuse injury among long-distance runners with different exercise loads. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design. An adapted version of the illness perception questionnaire revised (IPQ-R) derived from the CSM was used to investigate Swedish ultramarathon and marathon runners’ perceptions of overuse injuries. Cluster analysis was employed for categorizing runners into high and low exercise load categories. A Principal Component Analysis was thereafter used to group variables describing injury causes. Multiple logistic regression methods were finally applied using high exercise load as endpoint variable and CSM items representing perceptions of injury identity, consequence, timeline, personal control, and causes as explanatory variables. Results Complete data sets were collected from 165/443 (37.2%) runners. The symptoms most commonly associated with overuse injury were pain (80.1% of the runners), stiff muscles (54.1%), and stiff joints (42.0%). Overuse injury was perceived to be characterized by the possibility of personal control (stated by 78.7% of the runners), treatability (70.4%), and that the injury context was comprehensible (69.3%). The main injury causes highlighted were runner biomechanics (stated by 78.3%), the runner’s personality (72.4%), and running surface biomechanics (70.0%). Among men, a belief in that personality contributes to overuse injury increased the likelihood of belonging to the high exercise load category [Odds ratio (OR) 2.10 (95% Confidence interval (95% CI) 1.38–3.19); P = 0.001], while beliefs in that running biomechanics [OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.37–0.85); P = 0.006) and mileage (OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.54–0.96); P = 0.026] causes injury decreased the likelihood. In women, a strong perception that overuse injuries can be controlled by medical interventions decreased the likelihood of high exercise load [OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.52–0.89); P = 0.005]. Conclusion This study indicates that recognition among long-distance runners of the association between own decisions in overuse injury causation is accentuated by increased exercise loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Wickström
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health and Care Development, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Armin Spreco
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health and Care Development, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Victor Bargoria
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health and Care Development, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Fredrik Elinder
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Hansson
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health and Care Development, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Training Load and Injury Incidence Over One Season in Adolescent Arab Table Tennis Players: A Pilot Study. Asian J Sports Med 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.84592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
De Blaiser C, De Ridder R, Willems T, Vanden Bossche L, Danneels L, Roosen P. Impaired Core Stability as a Risk Factor for the Development of Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:1713-1721. [PMID: 31034240 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519837724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Core stability has been suggested to influence lower extremity functioning and might contribute to the development of lower extremity overuse injuries. However, prospective studies to investigate this relationship are limited. PURPOSE To research the role of different components of core stability as risk factors for the development of lower extremity overuse injuries. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A total of 142 first-year physical education students participated in this study. They were tested in 2015 and were prospectively followed for 1.5 years by means of a multilevel injury registration method. Three participants were excluded owing to physical complaints during testing. As such, 139 participants were included in the statistical analysis. At baseline, dynamic postural control, isometric core and hip muscle strength, core muscle endurance, core neuromuscular control and proprioception, and functional movement were measured for all participants. Competing risk regression analyses were performed to identify significant contributors to the development of lower extremity overuse injuries. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 34 (24%) of the 139 participants developed a lower extremity overuse injury. Significant predictive effects for an overuse injury were found for an increased side-by-side difference in dynamic postural control ( P = .038), decreased isometric hip extension:flexion strength ratio ( P = .046), and decreased abdominal core muscle endurance ( P = .032). CONCLUSION This study identified measures for dynamic postural control, core muscle strength, and core muscle endurance as significant risk factors for the development of overuse injuries after statistical model building. However, core neuromuscular control and proprioception and functional movement might not allow clinicians to identify patients at risk. These accessible, reliable screening tools could be used in clinical practice with regard to screening and injury prevention for overuse injuries. Injury prediction based on this model needs to be done with caution given the low relative predictive accuracy (53%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric De Blaiser
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roel De Ridder
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Willems
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Lieven Danneels
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Roosen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Bolling C, van Mechelen W, Pasman HR, Verhagen E. Context Matters: Revisiting the First Step of the 'Sequence of Prevention' of Sports Injuries. Sports Med 2019; 48:2227-2234. [PMID: 29956077 PMCID: PMC6132444 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is possible to prevent sports injuries. Unfortunately, the demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness of injury prevention approaches are not translated into lasting real-world effects. Contemporary views in sports medicine and injury prevention suggest that sports injuries are ‘complex’ phenomena. If the problem we aim to prevent is complex, then the first step in the ‘sequence of prevention’ that defines the ‘injury problem’ already needs to have considered this. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the first step of the ‘sequence of prevention’, and to explore new perspectives that acknowledge the complexity of the sports injury problem. First, this paper provides a retrospective of the ‘sequence of prevention’, acknowledging contemporary views on sports injuries and their prevention. Thereafter, from the perspective of the socioecological model, we demonstrate the need for taking into account the complex nature of sports injuries in the first step. Finally, we propose an alternative approach to explore and understand injury context through qualitative research methods. A better understanding of the injury problem in context will guide more context-sensitive studies, thus providing a new perspective for sports injury prevention research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H Roeline Pasman
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Verhagen E, van Nassau F. Implementation science to reduce the prevalence and burden of MSK disorders following sport and exercise-related injury. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2019; 33:188-201. [PMID: 31431272 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although safety in sports and physical activity is an important prerequisite for continuing participation and maintenance of a healthy, physically active lifestyle, to date little effort has been placed upon moving evidence into preventive practice. Amongst researchers it is still often assumed that a program will disseminate itself after proven to be effective. Recently, however, there has been an increased recognition of the importance of theory-driven approaches to enhance implementation research. This manuscript aims to provide guidance for sports and physical activity injury researchers and practitioners to perform implementation research and practice. First, we will discuss the differences between research questions across the research spectrum and explain the 'drop' in effect when moving controlled evidence to a practical context. We will discuss two ways of increasing real-world effectiveness of preventive programs, i.e. through targeting the users' behaviour or through revising the intervention. Finally, we will present various implementation frameworks and tools that can guide the reader in their own efforts towards implementation practice and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Femke van Nassau
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bolling C, Delfino Barboza S, van Mechelen W, Pasman HR. How elite athletes, coaches, and physiotherapists perceive a sports injury. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Saulo Delfino Barboza
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - H. Roeline Pasman
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Murray A, Fullagar H, Turner AP, Sproule J. Recovery practices in Division 1 collegiate athletes in North America. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 32:67-73. [PMID: 29758507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Establish current practice and attitudes towards recovery in a group of Division-1 Collegiate athletes from North America. DESIGN A 16-item questionnaire was administered via custom software in an electronic format. PARTICIPANTS 152 student athletes from a Division-1 Collegiate school across 3 sports (Basketball, American Football, Soccer). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The approaches and attitudes to recovery in both training and competition. RESULTS Sleep, cold water immersion (CWI) and nutrition were perceived to be the most effective modalities (88, 84 and 80% of the sample believed them to have a benefit respectively). Over half the sample did not believe in using compression for recovery. With regard to actual usage, CWI was the most used recovery modality and matched by athletes believing in, and using, the approach (65%). Only 24% of student athletes believed in, and used, sleep as a recovery modality despite it being rated and perceived as the most effective. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, there is a discrepancy between perception and use of recovery modalities in Collegiate athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Murray
- University of Oregon, Athletics, 2727 Leo Harris Parkway, 97401, Eugene, OR, USA; Institute of Sport, PE & Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Hugh Fullagar
- University of Oregon, Athletics, 2727 Leo Harris Parkway, 97401, Eugene, OR, USA; Sport & Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony P Turner
- Institute of Sport, PE & Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Sproule
- Institute of Sport, PE & Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Weedon BD, Liu F, Mahmoud W, Metz R, Beunder K, Delextrat A, Morris MG, Esser P, Collett J, Meaney A, Howells K, Dawes H. The relationship of gross upper and lower limb motor competence to measures of health and fitness in adolescents aged 13-14 years. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000288. [PMID: 29629179 PMCID: PMC5884340 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Motor competence (MC) is an important factor in the development of health and fitness in adolescence. Aims This cross-sectional study aims to explore the distribution of MC across school students aged 13–14 years old and the extent of the relationship of MC to measures of health and fitness across genders. Methods A total of 718 participants were tested from three different schools in the UK, 311 girls and 407 boys (aged 13–14 years), pairwise deletion for correlation variables reduced this to 555 (245 girls, 310 boys). Assessments consisted of body mass index, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and upper limb and lower limb MC. The distribution of MC and the strength of the relationships between MC and health/fitness measures were explored. Results Girls performed lower for MC and health/fitness measures compared with boys. Both measures of MC showed a normal distribution and a significant linear relationship of MC to all health and fitness measures for boys, girls and combined genders. A stronger relationship was reported for upper limb MC and aerobic capacity when compared with lower limb MC and aerobic capacity in boys (t=−2.21, degrees of freedom=307, P=0.03, 95% CI −0.253 to –0.011). Conclusion Normally distributed measures of upper and lower limb MC are linearly related to health and fitness measures in adolescents in a UK sample. Trial registration number NCT02517333.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin David Weedon
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca Liu
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Wala Mahmoud
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Renske Metz
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle Beunder
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Delextrat
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Martyn G Morris
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Patrick Esser
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Johnny Collett
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andy Meaney
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ken Howells
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Dawes
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pensgaard AM, Ivarsson A, Nilstad A, Solstad BE, Steffen K. Psychosocial stress factors, including the relationship with the coach, and their influence on acute and overuse injury risk in elite female football players. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000317. [PMID: 29629182 PMCID: PMC5884339 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between specific types of stressors (eg, teammates, coach) and acute versus overuse injuries is not well understood. Objective To examine the roles of different types of stressors as well as the effect of motivational climate on the occurrence of acute and overuse injuries. Methods Players in the Norwegian elite female football league (n=193 players from 12 teams) participated in baseline screening tests prior to the 2009 competitive football season. As part of the screening, we included the Life Event Survey for Collegiate Athletes and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (Norwegian short version). Acute and overuse time-loss injuries and exposure to training and matches were recorded prospectively in the football season using weekly text messaging. Data were analysed with Bayesian logistic regression analyses. Results Using Bayesian logistic regression analyses, we showed that perceived negative life event stress from teammates was associated with an increased risk of acute injuries (OR=1.23, 95% credibility interval (1.01 to 1.48)). There was a credible positive association between perceived negative life event stress from the coach and the risk of overuse injuries (OR=1.21, 95% credibility interval (1.01 to 1.45)). Conclusions Players who report teammates as a source of stress have a greater risk of sustaining an acute injury, while players reporting the coach as a source of stress are at greater risk of sustaining an overuse injury. Motivational climate did not relate to increased injury occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marte Pensgaard
- Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Center of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Agnethe Nilstad
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bård Erlend Solstad
- Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tillander B, Gauffin H, Dahlström Ö, Timpka T. Associations between recreational runners' anti-inflammatory drug use, coping strategies, and time loss due to injury and illness during preparations for a marathon event. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 58:1839-1843. [PMID: 29308843 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.07747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the dominance of overuse injuries among runners, knowledge of how use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and behavioral factors contribute to injury events is important. The aim of this study was to explore recreational marathon runners' strategies for coping with injury and illness, including use of drugs for control of pain and inflammation, and to investigate whether these strategies were associated with the 1-year prevalence of time-loss injury and illness. METHODS An online questionnaire was used for data collection in this cross-sectional study. The population consisted of runners who had registered for a marathon (N.=341). Strategies used to understand and manage perceptions of injury and illness were measured with the Brief COPE instrument and the use of NSAIDs was investigated. RESULTS Complete survey data were provided by 161 runners (47%). 42% reported NSAID use. A notable injury in the past year was reported by 43%, and 19% reported having had a time-loss illness episode. Runners who reported NSAID use in the past year reported significantly fewer time-loss injuries (P=0.003). Time loss due to illness only showed a negative correlation with using emotional support for coping (P=0.010) and a positive correlation with self-blame (P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS Runners stating NSAID use reported fewer time-loss running injuries than non-NSAID users. Time loss due to illness showed different correlates with NSAID use and coping strategies than time loss due to injury, i.e. no association with drug use, less use of emotional support for coping and more use of self-blame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tillander
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Orthopedics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Håkan Gauffin
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden - .,Department of Orthopedics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kuppens K, Hans G, Roussel N, Struyf F, Fransen E, Cras P, Van Wilgen CP, Nijs J. Sensory processing and central pain modulation in patients with chronic shoulder pain: A case-control study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1183-1192. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kuppens
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
- Departments of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Pain in Motion Research Group
| | - G. Hans
- Pain Center; University Hospital Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - N. Roussel
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - F. Struyf
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - E. Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - P. Cras
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - C. P. Van Wilgen
- Departments of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Pain in Motion Research Group
- Transcare, Transdisciplinairy Painmanagement Centre; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - J. Nijs
- Departments of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Pain in Motion Research Group
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Brussels; Brussels Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cathorall ML, Punches M. Descriptive study of female roller derby athletes' beliefs about risk factors for injury in roller derby. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3:e000294. [PMID: 29081986 PMCID: PMC5652470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine skaters’ beliefs about risk factors related to roller derby injuries. Design Qualitative study based on semistructured focus group discussions with female roller derby skaters. Methods Skaters with varying levels of experience and injury history were invited to participate in focus group discussions. Semistructured focus group discussions were based on the question ‘What factors do you believe contribute to roller derby injuries?’. Analysis of the data were organised into themes, summarised and interpreted, separated based on being an intrinsic or extrinsic factor and then reorganised by frequency of citation. Focus groups continued until no new themes were added to the data. Results The factors discussed by derby skaters were divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most common intrinsic factors cited were behavioural and psychological, ‘knowing one’s body’ and internal pressure related to ‘not letting team down’. The most cited extrinsic factors were ‘unmatched skill level’ and ‘poor quality’ equipment. Conclusions Female roller derby skaters contribute the greatest injury risk to new skaters not knowing their body and experienced skaters not considering new skaters skill levels. Knowing the factors that skaters perceive as increasing injury risk may contribute to interventions to decrease the frequency and severity of injuries. New findings include behavioural, psychological and social factors related to injury risk. Important considerations for healthcare providers treating roller derby skaters include the psychological and social factors that affect injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Cathorall
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan Punches
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Malfliet A, Leysen L, Pas R, Kuppens K, Nijs J, Van Wilgen P, Huysmans E, Goudman L, Ickmans K. Modern pain neuroscience in clinical practice: applied to post-cancer, paediatric and sports-related pain. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:225-232. [PMID: 28579013 PMCID: PMC5537480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized hypersensitivity in post-cancer, sports-related and pediatric pain. Rationale for pain education, stress management and cognition targeted exercises. Need to change from a biomedical or psychosocial to an integrated approach.
In the last decade, evidence regarding chronic pain has developed exponentially. Numerous studies show that many chronic pain populations show specific neuroplastic changes in the peripheral and central nervous system. These changes are reflected in clinical manifestations, like a generalized hypersensitivity of the somatosensory system. Besides a hypersensitivity of bottom-up nociceptive transmission, there is also evidence for top-down facilitation of pain due to malfunctioning of the endogenous descending nociceptive modulatory systems. These and other aspects of modern pain neuroscience are starting to be applied within daily clinical practice. However, currently the application of this knowledge is mostly limited to the general adult population with musculoskeletal problems, while evidence is getting stronger that also in other chronic pain populations these neuroplastic processes may contribute to the occurrence and persistence of the pain problem. Therefore, this masterclass article aims at giving an overview of the current modern pain neuroscience knowledge and its potential application in post-cancer, paediatric and sports-related pain problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Malfliet
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊); Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laurence Leysen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊)
| | - Roselien Pas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊); Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin Kuppens
- Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊); Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊); Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Van Wilgen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊); Transcare, Transdisciplinary Pain-management Centre,(◊◊) The Netherlands
| | - Eva Huysmans
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊)
| | - Lisa Goudman
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kelly Ickmans
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group,(◊); Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Practices & attitudes towards recovery in elite Asian & UK adolescent athletes. Phys Ther Sport 2017; 25:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
31
|
Kox LS, Kuijer PPFM, Opperman J, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Maas M, Frings-Dresen MHW. Overuse wrist injuries in young athletes: What do sports physicians consider important signals and functional limitations? J Sports Sci 2017; 36:86-96. [PMID: 28282745 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1282620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study's objective was to collect items from experienced sports physicians, relating to the presence and severity of overuse wrist injuries in young athletes, for developing a measurement instrument for signals of overuse wrist injury. Seven Dutch elite sports physicians involved in guidance and treatment of young athletes in wrist-loading sports (gymnastics, tennis, judo, field hockey, volleyball and rowing) participated in a focus group. They discussed signals and limitations related to overuse wrist injuries in young athletes. Data were coded and categorised into signals and limitations with subcategories, using an inductive approach. Of the resulting 61 signals and limitations in nineteen (sub)categories, 20 were considered important, forming a comprehensive item set for identifying overuse wrist injury in young athletes. Signals such as pain, "click", crepitations, swelling and limited range of motion were marked useful for early identification of overuse wrist injury. Limitations in movement and performance were considered indicative of severe overuse injury but less relevant for initial injury identification. The focus group provided 17 important signals and 3 important limitations indicative of overuse wrist injury. These provide the basis for a valid measurement instrument for identifying overuse wrist injury in young athletes, with equal emphasis on pain and on other symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Kox
- a Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS) , International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center AMC/VUmc , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - P Paul F M Kuijer
- b Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jip Opperman
- a Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- c Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS) , International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center AMC/VUmc , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- a Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS) , International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center AMC/VUmc , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Monique H W Frings-Dresen
- b Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rejeb A, Johnson A, Vaeyens R, Horobeanu C, Farooq A, Witvrouw E. Compelling overuse injury incidence in youth multisport athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:495-502. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1275820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Rejeb
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roel Vaeyens
- Department of Physical Therapy and Motor Rehabilitation, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Erik Witvrouw
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jelvegård S, Timpka T, Bargoria V, Gauffin H, Jacobsson J. Perception of Health Problems Among Competitive Runners: A Qualitative Study of Cognitive Appraisals and Behavioral Responses. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 4:2325967116673972. [PMID: 28210643 PMCID: PMC5298561 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116673972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 2 of every 3 competitive runners sustain at least 1 health problem each season. Most of these problems are nontraumatic injuries with gradual onset. The main known risk indicator for sustaining a new running-related injury episode is a history of a previous injury, suggesting that behavioral habits are part of the causal mechanisms. PURPOSE Identification of elements associated with purposeful interpretations of body perceptions and balanced behavioral responses may supply vital information for prevention of health problems in runners. This study set out to explore competitive runners' cognitive appraisals of perceived symptoms on injury and illness and how these appraisals are transformed into behavior. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS The study population consisted of Swedish middle- and long-distance runners from the national top 15 list. Qualitative research methods were used to categorize interview data and perform a thematic analysis. The categories resulting from the analysis were used to construct an explanatory model. RESULTS Saturation of the thematic classification required that data from 8 male and 6 female runners (age range, 20-36 years) were collected. Symptoms interpreted to be caused by illness or injury with a sudden onset were found to lead to immediate action and changes to training and competition programs (activity pacing). In contrast, perceptions interpreted to be due to injuries with gradual onset led to varied behavioral reactions. These behavioral responses were planned with regard to short-term consequences and were characterized by indifference and neglect of long-term implications, consistent with an overactivity behavioral pattern. The latter pattern was consistent with a psychological adaptation to stimuli that is presented progressively to the athlete. CONCLUSION Competitive runners appraise whether a health problem requires immediate withdrawal from training based on whether the problem is interpreted as an illness and/or has a sudden onset. The ensuing behaviors follow 2 distinct patterns that can be termed "activity pacing" and "overactivity."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jelvegård
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Swedish Athletics Association, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Bargoria
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Håkan Gauffin
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Swedish Athletics Association, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fagher K, Forsberg A, Jacobsson J, Timpka T, Dahlström Ö, Lexell J. Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities. Eur J Sport Sci 2016; 16:1240-9. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1192689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Hulme A, Finch CF. The epistemic basis of distance running injury research: A historical perspective. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:172-175. [PMID: 30356477 PMCID: PMC6188616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
|
36
|
Roos KG, Marshall SW, Kerr ZY, Dompier TP. Perception of Athletic Trainers Regarding the Clinical Burden of, and Reporting Practices for, Overuse Injuries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3928/19425864-20160225-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Spörri J, Kröll J, Fasel B, Aminian K, Müller E. Course Setting as a Prevention Measure for Overuse Injuries of the Back in Alpine Ski Racing: A Kinematic and Kinetic Study of Giant Slalom and Slalom. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 4:2325967116630719. [PMID: 26977419 PMCID: PMC4772347 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116630719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A combination of frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion in the loaded trunk has been suggested to be a mechanism leading to overuse injuries of the back in Alpine ski racing. However, there is limited knowledge about the effect of course setting on the aforementioned back-loading patterns. Purpose: To investigate the effect of increased gate offset on the skier’s overall trunk kinematics and the occurring ground-reaction forces and to compare these variables between the competition disciplines giant slalom (GS) and slalom (SL). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten top-level athletes were divided into GS and SL groups. Both groups performed a total of 240 GS and 240 SL turns at 2 different course settings. The overall trunk movement components (frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion angle) were measured using 2 inertial measurement units fixed on the sacrum and sternum. Total ground-reaction forces were measured by pressure insoles. Results: In SL, ground-reaction force peaks were significantly lower when the gate offset was increased, while in GS, no differences between course settings were observed. During the turn phase in which the highest spinal disc loading is expected to occur, the back-loading patterns in both GS and SL included a combination of frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion in the loaded trunk. SL was characterized by shorter turns, lower frontal and lateral bending angles after gate passage, and a trend toward greater total ground-reaction force peaks compared with GS. Conclusion: Course setting is a reasonable measure to reduce the skier’s overall back loading in SL but not in GS. The distinct differences observed between GS and SL should be taken into account when defining discipline-specific prevention measures for back overuse injuries. Clinical Relevance: To reduce the magnitude of the overall back loading, in SL, minimal gate offsets should be avoided. Prevention measures in GS might particularly need to control and/or reduce the magnitude of frontal and lateral bending in the loaded trunk, whereas prevention measures in SL might especially need to mitigate the short and high total ground-reaction force peaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Spörri
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria
| | - Josef Kröll
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria
| | - Benedikt Fasel
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Saragiotto BT, Di Pierro C, Lopes AD. Risk factors and injury prevention in elite athletes: a descriptive study of the opinions of physical therapists, doctors and trainers. Braz J Phys Ther 2015; 18:137-43. [PMID: 24845023 PMCID: PMC4183252 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-35552012005000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries occur frequently in elite athletes. Understanding what professionals who work with patients with sports injuries think about prevention has been suggested as an important aspect to improve the effectiveness of programs to prevent sports injuries. OBJECTIVES To describe and characterize the opinions of physical therapists, physicians and trainers on 'risk factors' and 'prevention of injury' in elite athletes. METHOD This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews with members of the medical and technical department of the Brazilian delegation who participated in the Pan American Games of Guadalajara 2011. The interview was conducted using two questions: 1) "What do you think can cause injuries in athletes participating in your sport?" 2) "What do you do to prevent injuries in your sport?" The interviews were analyzed in two stages, the identification of thematic units, followed by the categorization and grouping of thematic units. RESULTS We interviewed a total of 30 professionals. Regarding question 1, the main factors attributed as responsible for injury were over-training and incorrect sports techniques. Regarding question 2, the main reported strategies used to prevent injuries were muscle strengthening, nutritional counseling and guidance. CONCLUSIONS The main factors affecting the appearance of lesions were over-training, incorrect sports technique, inadequate nutrition and factors related to the athlete's behavior. The main injury prevention strategies were muscle strengthening, nutritional counseling and guidance.
Collapse
|
39
|
Spörri J, Kröll J, Haid C, Fasel B, Müller E. Potential Mechanisms Leading to Overuse Injuries of the Back in Alpine Ski Racing: A Descriptive Biomechanical Study. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:2042-8. [PMID: 26109612 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515588178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overuse injuries of the back are a common complaint among top athletes and of competitive alpine skiers in particular. However, there is limited understanding about the sport-specific causes of these injuries that is essential for their prevention. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS This study was undertaken to describe the sport-specific, overall trunk kinematics and skiers' loading during giant slalom turns and to assess the plausibility of the hypothesis that a combination of frontal bending, lateral bending, and/or torsion in the loaded trunk might be a potential mechanism leading to overuse injuries of the back in alpine ski racing. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Eight European Cup-level athletes performed giant slalom runs with 2 different pairs of skis (varying in length, width, and sidecut). They were analyzed with respect to selected kinematic variables related to spinal disc loading. The overall trunk movement components (frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion) were measured using 2 inertial measurement units fixed on the sacrum and sternum. Total ground-reaction forces were measured by pressure insoles. RESULTS During the turn phase in which the total ground-reaction forces were the greatest (up to 2.89 times the body weight), the highest average values of frontal bending (38.7°), lateral bending (14.7°), and torsion (7.7°) in the trunk occurred. Similar magnitudes were observed when skiing on longer, giant slalom skis with less width and sidecut. CONCLUSION The typical loading patterns of the back in alpine ski racing include a combined occurrence of frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion in the loaded trunk. Because these factors are known to be related to high spinal disc loading, they may be considered important components of mechanisms leading to overuse injuries of the back in alpine ski racing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prevention measures should aim to control and/or reduce the magnitude of frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion in the trunk, as well as the peak loads, while skiing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Spörri
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Kröll
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Haid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Fasel
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roos KG, Marshall SW. Definition and usage of the term "overuse injury" in the US high school and collegiate sport epidemiology literature: a systematic review. Sports Med 2014; 44:405-21. [PMID: 24242858 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of epidemiologic and surveillance-based studies of sports injury provide statistics on, and sometimes discussion of, overuse injuries. However, there is no consensus on the definition of "overuse." Some studies consider "overuse" as a mechanism of injury while others use a diagnosis-based definition. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe variation between studies in the definition and use of the term "overuse." METHODS PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases were searched between May and November 2012 to find articles published or online ahead of printing pertaining to US high school or collegiate athletics, which were epidemiologic in nature. Inclusion criteria required that the article present data collected on athlete exposure and provided statistics pertaining to overuse injuries. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to, to the best ability of the authors. RESULTS The initial search resulted in 5,182 articles with potential for inclusion. After review of titles or abstracts where appropriate, 232 studies were read in entirety to determine if they were appropriate for inclusion. Of the 35 articles included, 13 used data from the National Collegiate Athletics Association's Injury Surveillance System, 12 used data from the High School Reporting Information Online (RIO) injury surveillance system, and one used data from both of these systems. The remaining nine articles used data from distinct surveillance systems or prospectively collected data. All of these articles included data on overuse injuries, although not all provided definitions for overuse. A major finding from the literature is that the term "overuse" has been used both as a mechanism of injury and as an injury diagnosis (or a category of diagnoses). Specifically, of 35 articles, 14 used "overuse" as a mechanism of injury, seven used it as a category of injury diagnoses, eight used it as both a category of injury diagnoses and a mechanism of injury, and it was unclear in one how the term is used. Only one of the 35 articles provided a biomechanical definition for overuse injuries. Twelve of 35 articles combined "overuse" with other terms such as "chronic," "gradual onset," and "repetitive stress." Use of the term "no contact" was investigated in relation to "overuse." Four of 35 articles define overuse in the context of no contact injuries. Only one of 35 articles define "no contact" as a specific acute mechanism of injury, while all other mentions of "no contact" do not specifically distinguish whether "no contact" was limited to acute injuries only, or has potential to include "overuse" injuries. CONCLUSION There is a great deal of inconsistency in the use of the term "overuse" both within and between data sources. This is further complicated by the multiple uses of the term "no contact." We recommend that the term "overuse" only be used in regard to the mechanism of injury in order to enhance interpretation and understanding of the literature regarding overuse injuries and enhance the ability to compare results between studies. We also recommend the adoption of a common working definition of overuse injuries within injury surveillance. This definition should emphasize that overuse injuries are characterized by (1) a mechanism of gradual onset, and (2) an underlying pathogenesis of repetitive microtrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen G Roos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CVS/Pharmacy Building, 137 East Franklin Street, Suite 500, Campus Box 7505, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7505, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
What do recreational runners think about risk factors for running injuries? A descriptive study of their beliefs and opinions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014; 44:733-8. [PMID: 25155860 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2014.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews. OBJECTIVES To describe the beliefs and opinions of runners about risk factors associated with running injuries. BACKGROUND Despite the health benefits of running, a high prevalence of injury has been reported in runners. Preventive strategies for running injuries may be more successful with a better knowledge of runners' beliefs. METHODS A semi-structured interview of recreational runners was based on the question, "What do you think can cause injuries in runners?" Analysis of the interviews was performed in 3 steps: (1) organizing the data into thematic units, (2) reading and reorganizing the data according to frequency of citation, and (3) interpreting and summarizing the data. The runner interviews were continued until no new beliefs and opinions of runners regarding injuries were being added to the data, indicating saturation of the topic. RESULTS A total of 95 recreational runners (65 men, 30 women) between the ages of 19 and 71 years were interviewed. Of those interviewed, the average running experience was 5.5 years and approximately 45% had experienced a running-related injury in the past. The factors suggested by the runners were divided into extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The most cited extrinsic factors were "not stretching," "excess of training," "not warming up," "lack of strength," and "wearing the wrong shoes." For the intrinsic factors, the main terms cited were "not respecting the body's limitations" and "foot-type changes." CONCLUSION Recreational runners mainly attributed injury to factors related to training, running shoes, and exceeding the body's limits. Knowing the factors identified in this study may contribute to the development of better educational strategies to prevent running injuries, as some of the runners' beliefs are not supported by the research literature.
Collapse
|