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Gale JT, Haszard JJ, Wei DL, Taylor RW, Peddie MC. Evening regular activity breaks extend subsequent free-living sleep time in healthy adults: a randomised crossover trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001774. [PMID: 39027425 PMCID: PMC11256039 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if performing regular 3-min bouts of resistance exercise spread over 4 hours in an evening will impact subsequent sleep quantity and quality, sedentary time and physical activity compared with prolonged uninterrupted sitting. Methods In this randomised crossover trial, participants each completed two 4-hour interventions commencing at approximately 17:00 hours: (1) prolonged sitting and (2) sitting interrupted with 3 min of bodyweight resistance exercise activity breaks every 30 min. On completion, participants returned to a free-living setting. This paper reports secondary outcomes relating to sleep quality and quantity, physical activity and sedentary time which were assessed using wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3+ accelerometers paired with a sleep and wear time diary. Results A total of 28 participants (women, n=20), age 25.6±5.6 years, body mass index 29.5±6.7 kg/m2 (mean±SD) provided data for this analysis. Compared with prolonged sitting, regular activity breaks increased mean sleep period time and time spent asleep by 29.3 min (95% CI: 1.3 to 57.2, p=0.040) and 27.7 min (95% CI: 2.3 to 52.4, p=0.033), respectively, on the night of the intervention. There was no significant effect on mean sleep efficiency (mean: 0.2%, 95% CI: -2.0 to 2.4, p=0.857), wake after sleep onset (1.0 min, 95% CI: -9.6 to 11.7, p=0.849) and number of awakenings (0.8, 95% CI: -1.8 to 3.3, p=0.550). Subsequent 24-hour and 48-hour physical activity patterns were not significantly different. Conclusions Performing bodyweight resistance exercise activity breaks in the evening has the potential to improve sleep period and total sleep time and does not disrupt other aspects of sleep quality or subsequent 24-hour physical activity. Future research should explore the longer-term impact of evening activity breaks on sleep. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000250831).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Gale
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Dorothy L Wei
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Meredith C Peddie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Gale JT, Haszard JJ, Peddie MC. Improved glycaemic control induced by evening activity breaks does not persist overnight amongst healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2732-2740. [PMID: 38572593 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the effects of 4 hours of laboratory-based regular activity breaks (RABs) and prolonged sitting (SIT) on subsequent 48-h free-living interstitial glucose levels in a group of healthy adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized crossover trial, participants completed two 4-h laboratory-based interventions commencing at ~5:00 pm: (1) SIT and (2) SIT interrupted with 3 min of body weight resistance exercise activity breaks every 30 min (RABs). Continuous glucose monitoring was performed during the intervention and for 48-h after, during which time participants returned to a free-living setting. RESULTS Twenty-eight adults (female n = 20, mean ± SD age 25.5 ± 5.6 years, body mass index 29.2 ± 6.9 kg/m2) provided data for this analysis. During the intervention period, RABs lowered mean interstitial glucose by 8.3% (-0.47 mmol/L/4 h, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.74 to -0.20; p = 0.001) and area under the curve (AUC) by 8.9% (-2.01 mmol/L/4 h, 95% CI -3.05 to -0.97; p < 0.001) compared to SIT. Measures of glycaemic variability were not significantly different during the intervention. There were no significant differences in mean glucose and AUC between conditions during the first nocturnal period and 24-h post intervention. When compared to SIT, RABs increased continuous overall net action of glucose at 1 h and SD glucose by 22% (0.18 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.29; p = 0.018) and 26% (95% CI 4.9 to 42.7; p = 0.019) in the first nocturnal period and by 10% (0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.01, 0.17; p = 0.025) and 15% (95% CI 6.6 to 22.4; p = 0.001) in the 24-h post intervention period, respectively. CONCLUSION Performing activity breaks in the evening results in acute reductions in interstitial glucose concentrations; however, the magnitude of these changes is not maintained overnight or into the following 48 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Gale
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Meredith C Peddie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Bogaert L, Willems I, Calders P, Dirinck E, Kinaupenne M, Decraene M, Lapauw B, Strumane B, Van Daele M, Verbestel V, De Craemer M. Explanatory variables of objectively measured 24-h movement behaviors in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102995. [PMID: 38583307 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep (i.e. 24-h movement behaviors) are associated with health indicators in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). To optimize 24-h movement behaviors, it is crucial to identify explanatory variables related to these behaviors. This review aimed to summarize the explanatory variables of 24-h movement behaviors in people with prediabetes or T2D. METHODS A systematic search of four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus & Embase) was performed. Only objective measurements of 24-h movement behaviors were included in the search strategy. The explanatory variables were classified according to the levels of the socio-ecological model (i.e. intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental). The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal checklist. RESULTS None of the 78 included studies investigated 24-h movement behaviors. The majority of the studies investigated PA in isolation. Most studied explanatory variables were situated at the intrapersonal level. Being male was associated with more moderate to vigorous PA but less light PA in people with T2D, and more total PA in people with prediabetes. An older age was associated with a decrease in all levels of PA in people with T2D. HbA1c was positively associated with sleep and SB in both groups. No associations were found at the interpersonal or environmental level. CONCLUSION The results of this review underscore the lack of a socio-ecological approach toward explanatory variables of 24-h movement behaviors and the lack of focus on an integrated 24-h movement behavior approach in both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Bogaert
- Ghent University, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Iris Willems
- Ghent University, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Calders
- Ghent University, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Antwerp University Hospital & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Manon Kinaupenne
- Ghent University, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marga Decraene
- Ghent University, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology & Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital & Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Boyd Strumane
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Vera Verbestel
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Promotion, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke De Craemer
- Ghent University, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
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Lee DY, Jung I, Park SY, Yu JH, Seo JA, Kim KJ, Kim NH, Yoo HJ, Kim SG, Choi KM, Baik SH, Kim NH. Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:37-52. [PMID: 38173377 PMCID: PMC10850272 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies are required to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and/or clinical outcomes and complications of diabetes. In this regard, the role of the circadian system may be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes. We reviewed evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies linking the circadian system to various aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes. The circadian clock governs genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and behavioral signals in anticipation of cyclic 24-hour events through interactions between a "central clock" in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and "peripheral clocks" in the whole body. Currently, circadian rhythmicity in humans can be subjectively or objectively assessed by measuring melatonin and glucocorticoid levels, core body temperature, peripheral blood, oral mucosa, hair follicles, rest-activity cycles, sleep diaries, and circadian chronotypes. In this review, we summarized various circadian misalignments, such as altered light-dark, sleep-wake, rest-activity, fasting-feeding, shift work, evening chronotype, and social jetlag, as well as mutations in clock genes that could contribute to the development of diabetes and poor glycemic status in patients with diabetes. Targeting critical components of the circadian system could deliver potential candidates for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inha Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Alsamman RA, Shousha TM, Faris ME, Abdelrahim DN, Arumugam A. Association of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and sleep quality factors with accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times among Emirati working women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057231225539. [PMID: 38279820 PMCID: PMC10822070 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231225539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a significant lack of physical activity has been linked to an increase in obesity among Emirati women, the factors associated with accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times in Emirati women remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore the association of accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and sleep quality factors among Emirati working women. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS A convenience sample of 163 healthy working Emirati women aged 18-45 years was used. Sedentary and physical activity times were measured using the Fibion accelerometers worn on the thighs for 4-7 days. General demographic information, anthropometric measurements, and self-reported sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index score) were collected. Only participants who had valid data (i.e. wear time of ⩾600 min (10 h) per day for a minimum of 4-7 days) were evaluated. All values were normalized to a 16-h day to mitigate differences in wear time among the participants. RESULTS Overall, 110 Emirati women were included. The mean sitting time per 16-h day was 11.6 ± 1.1 h; mean moderate activity time per day, 40.88 ± 17.99 min; and mean vigorous activity time per day, 2.41 ± 1.21 min. Longer sitting time was associated with high body fat, secondary education, and divorce. Sitting time was reduced in those with good sleep quality. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time was increased in women with postgraduate education and was decreased in women with a longer work experience and with comorbidities. The total activity time increased with increasing age and good sleep quality, whereas it decreased with increasing body fat, presence of at least one comorbidity, secondary education, and divorce. CONCLUSION Certain demographic, anthropometric, and sleep quality factors were associated with accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times among Emirati working women. Future longitudinal studies should consider these factors when investigating predictors of physical activity levels in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Adnan Alsamman
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamer Mohamed Shousha
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS–Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Research Institute for medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Environment and Cancer Research Group, Research Institute for medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana N. Abdelrahim
- Research Institute for medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS–Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE-Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Adjunct Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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ZHAO BEIBO, SOTRES-ALVAREZ DANIELA, EVENSON KELLYR, GREENLEE HEATHER, MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI YASMIN, QI QIBIN, MARQUEZ DAVIDX, VIDOT DENISEC, ELFASSY TALI, ARREDONDO ELVAM, DIAZ KEITHM. Day-of-the-Week and Time-of-the-Day Patterns of Sedentary Behavior in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:2203-2213. [PMID: 37494828 PMCID: PMC10662624 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Existing sedentary behavior interventions have largely achieved mixed results. Conventionally, interventions have attempted to reduce sedentary behavior using a full-day approach. An alternative strategy may be to target specific periods during the day and/or week. This study examined the day-of-the-week (Monday to Sunday) and time-of-the-day patterns (3-and 6-h periods) of sedentary behavior among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos adults. METHODS Participants ( n = 12,241) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a multisite community-based prospective cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults, were studied. Sedentary behavior was assessed for 1 wk using a hip-mounted accelerometer through total sedentary time, sedentary time in bouts ≥60 min, and total number of sedentary breaks. The temporal patterns of sedentary behavior metrics were evaluated using linear mixed effect models accounting for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos complex survey design. RESULTS There were statistically significant variations in temporal patterns across day-of-the-week and time-of-the-day periods for all three metrics ( P < 0.001). Adults were more sedentary on weekends than on weekdays and most sedentary on Sundays. The time-of-the-day patterns had a U-curve pattern wherein adults were most sedentary late at night, became less sedentary throughout the day, reached peak activeness around noon, then gradually became more sedentary into the evening. These patterns were largely robust across seasonality and most sociodemographic characteristics, including age, employment status, work shift schedule, acculturation, and field center. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that early mornings, evenings, and weekends were the more sedentary periods in this cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults, characterized by higher volumes of sedentary time, higher volumes of time in prolonged sedentary bouts, and fewer number of sedentary breaks than other time periods, highlighting important windows of opportunity to reduce sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- BEIBO ZHAO
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - KELLY R. EVENSON
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - YASMIN MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - QIBIN QI
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - DAVID X. MARQUEZ
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - DENISE C. VIDOT
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - TALI ELFASSY
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | | | - KEITH M. DIAZ
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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GALE JENNIFERT, WEI DOROTHYL, HASZARD JILLIANJ, BROWN RACHELC, TAYLOR RACHAELW, PEDDIE MEREDITHC. Breaking Up Evening Sitting with Resistance Activity Improves Postprandial Glycemic Response: A Randomized Crossover Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1471-1480. [PMID: 36921112 PMCID: PMC10348652 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interrupting sedentary time during the day reduces postprandial glycemia (a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease). However, it is not known if benefits exist for postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride responses in the evening, and if these benefits differ by body mass index (BMI) category. METHODS In a randomized crossover study, 30 participants (25.4 ± 5.4 yr old; BMI 18.5-24.9: n = 10, BMI 25-29.9: n = 10, BMI ≥30: n = 10) completed two intervention arms, beginning at ~1700 h: prolonged sitting for 4 h, and sitting with regular activity breaks of 3 min of resistance exercises every 30 min. Plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations were measured in response to two meals fed at baseline and 120 min. Four-hour incremental area under the curve was compared between interventions. Moderation by BMI status was explored. RESULTS Overall, when compared with prolonged sitting, regular activity breaks lowered plasma glucose and insulin incremental area under the curve by 31.5% (95% confidence interval = -49.3% to -13.8%) and 26.6% (-39.6% to -9.9%), respectively. No significant differences were found for plasma triglyceride area under the curve. Interactions between BMI status and intervention was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that interrupt sedentary time in the evening may improve cardiometabolic health by some magnitude in all participants regardless of bodyweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- JENNIFER T. GALE
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, NEW ZEALAND
| | - DOROTHY L. WEI
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, NEW ZEALAND
| | | | - RACHEL C. BROWN
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, NEW ZEALAND
| | | | - MEREDITH C. PEDDIE
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, NEW ZEALAND
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Lai TF, Liao Y, Lin CY, Hsueh MC, Koohsari MJ, Shibata A, Oka K, Chan DC. Diurnal pattern of breaks in sedentary time and the physical function of older adults. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:35. [PMID: 36879250 PMCID: PMC9990209 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of breaks in sedentary time with outcomes of physical function can vary according to the time of day. We examined the association of the diurnal pattern of breaks in sedentary time with physical function outcomes in older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 115 older adults (≥60 years). The overall and time-specific breaks (morning: 06:00-12:00; afternoon: 12:00-18:00; evening: 18:00-24:00) in sedentary time were assessed using a triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X+). A break in sedentary time was defined as at least 1 min where the accelerometer registered ≥100 cpm following a sedentary period. Five physical function outcomes were assessed: handgrip strength (dynamometer), balance ability (single leg stance), gait speed (11-m walking), basic functional mobility (time up and go), and lower-limb strength (five times sit-to-stand). Generalized linear models were used to examine the associations of the overall and time-specific breaks in sedentary time with the physical function outcomes. RESULTS Participants showed an average of 69.4 breaks in sedentary time during the day. Less frequent breaks in the evening (19.3) were found than that in the morning (24.3) and the afternoon (25.3) (p < 0.05). Breaks in sedentary time during the day were associated with less time on gait speed in older adults (exp (β) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.98; p < 0.01). Time-specific analysis showed that breaks in sedentary time were associated with less time on gait speed (exp (β) = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.97; p < 0.01), basic functional mobility (exp (β) = 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.97; p < 0.01), and lower-limb strength (exp (β) = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97; p < 0.01) in the evening only. CONCLUSION A break in sedentary time, particularly during the evening, was associated with better lower extremity strength in older adults. Further strategies to interrupt sedentary time with frequent breaks, with an emphasis on evening hours, can be helpful to maintain and improve physical function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Fu Lai
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Master's Program of Transition and Leisure Education for Individuals with Disabilities, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.,School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Circadian clock, diurnal glucose metabolic rhythm, and dawn phenomenon. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:471-482. [PMID: 35466006 PMCID: PMC9117496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock provides cue-independent anticipatory signals for diurnal rhythms of baseline glucose levels and glucose tolerance. The central circadian clock is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which comprises primarily GABAergic neurons. The SCN clock regulates physiological diurnal rhythms of endogenous glucose production (EGP) and hepatic insulin sensitivity through neurohumoral mechanisms. Disruption of the molecular circadian clock is associated with the extended dawn phenomenon (DP) in type 2 diabetes (T2D), referring to hyperglycemia in the early morning without nocturnal hypoglycemia. The DP affects nearly half of patients with diabetes, with poorly defined etiology and a lack of targeted therapy. Here we review neural and secreted factors in physiological diurnal rhythms of glucose metabolism and their pathological implications for the DP.
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Ferreira GA, Wagner L, Maziero R, Ataide-Silva T, Silva NA, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE. Caffeine intake reduces sedentary time and increases physical activity predisposition in obese police officers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e11556. [PMID: 34550274 PMCID: PMC8457682 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary time is associated with increased obesity in police officers. Caffeine intake may reduce sedentary time but it has not been extensively investigated. In the present study, the effect of caffeine ingestion on sedentary time was investigated in obese police officers. Fourteen obese police officers ingested either 5 mg/kg of caffeine or cellulose (placebo) for six days. Information on inactivity time, time spent with physical activities, self-reported perception of tiredness, and physical activity disposition was obtained daily during the intervention period. Sedentary and physical activity times were divided into two intraday periods (T1: 08:00 am-02:00 pm and T2: 02:00 pm-08:00 pm). Caffeine intake decreased the sedentary time in both T1 (79.2±2.2%) and T2 (79.1±2.5%), when compared with T2 of the placebo condition (81.1±3.6%, P<0.05). Caffeine intake also increased the time spent on light physical activities in T1 and T2 (17±2 and 18±2%), when compared with T2 of the placebo condition (16±3%, P<0.05). In addition, sedentary time increased and light physical activity time decreased from T1 to T2 in the placebo (P<0.001) but not in the caffeine condition (P=0.81). Caffeine intake had no effect on tiredness (P>0.05), but it increased the self-reported physical activity disposition compared to the placebo condition (4.5±2.7 vs 3.2±2.3 units, P<0.05). Caffeine intake reduced the sedentary time and increased the time spent on light physical activities of obese police officers, which seems to be related to a higher disposition for the practice of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humano, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - L Wagner
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humano, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - R Maziero
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humano, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - T Ataide-Silva
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - N A Silva
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - R Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Desempenho Aeróbio, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A E Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humano, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Homer AR, Taylor FC, Dempsey PC, Wheeler MJ, Sethi P, Grace MS, Green DJ, Cohen ND, Larsen RN, Kingwell BA, Owen N, Dunstan DW. Different frequencies of active interruptions to sitting have distinct effects on 22 h glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2969-2978. [PMID: 34364775 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Whether the frequency of interruptions to sitting time involving simple resistance activities (SRAs), compared to uninterrupted sitting, differentially affected 22 h glycemic control in adults with medication-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS & RESULTS Twenty-four participants (13 men; mean ± SD age 62 ± 8 years) completed three 8 h laboratory conditions: SIT: uninterrupted sitting; SRA3: sitting interrupted with 3 min of SRAs every 30 min; and, SRA6: sitting interrupted with 6 min of SRAs every 60 min. Flash glucose monitors assessed glycemic control over a 22 h period. No differences were observed between conditions for overall 22 h glycemic control as measured by AUCtotal, mean glucose and time in hyperglycemia. During the 3.5 h post-lunch period, mean glucose was significantly lower during SRA6 (10.1 mmol·L-1, 95%CI 9.2, 11.0) compared to SIT (11.1 mmol·L-1, 95%CI 10.2, 12.0; P = 0.006). Post-lunch iAUCnet was significantly lower during SRA6 (6.2 mmol·h·L-1, 95%CI 3.3, 9.1) compared to SIT (9.9 mmol·h·L-1, 95%CI 7.0, 12.9; P = 0.003). During the post-lunch period, compared to SIT (2.2 h, 95%CI 1.7, 2.6), time in hyperglycemia was significantly lower during SRA6 (1.5 h, 95%CI 1.0, 1.9, P = 0.001). Nocturnal mean glucose was significantly lower following the SRA3 condition (7.6 mmol·L-1, 95%CI 7.1, 8.1) compared to SIT (8.1 mmol·L-1, 95%CI 7.6, 8.7, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS With standardized total activity time, less-frequent active interruptions to sitting may acutely improve glycemic control; while more-frequent interruptions may be beneficial for nocturnal glucose in those with medication-controlled T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Homer
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
| | - Frances C Taylor
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael J Wheeler
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Parneet Sethi
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan S Grace
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Neale D Cohen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn N Larsen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; CSL Ltd, Bio21, Parkville, Australia; Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia
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