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Jing J, Xu X, Fu W, Zhang H, Qu S, Wang S. Difference in calcium accumulation in the fruit of two apple varieties and its relationship with vascular bundle development in the pedicel. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107833. [PMID: 37369165 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) is an essential mineral element for plant growth and development that plays a key role in fruit growth and quality formation. To study the absorption and transport of Ca in 'Tonami' (susceptible to bitter pit (BP)) and 'Fuji' (resistant to BP), fruiting branches of 'Tonami' and 'Fuji' were injected with 0.05% 44Ca at the fruitlet stage (37 days after full bloom (DAFB)) and fruit expansion stage (72 DAFB). At the fruitlet and fruit expansion stages, the 44Ca content of fruiting branches increased from high to low in leaves, shoots, and fruit. In fruit, the 44Ca content was highest in the peel and lowest in the flesh. In both 'Tonami' and 'Fuji', Ca uptake was more efficient at the fruitlet stage than at the fruit expansion stage. 'Tonami' had a shorter growth and development time and earlier loss of fruit pedicel xylem structure and functionality than 'Fuji', resulting in less Ca accumulation in the fruit. The low Ca uptake efficiency of 'Tonami' fruit, the short Ca accumulation time, and the high Ca dilution resulted in low 44Ca content in the fruit, which may explain the susceptibility of 'Tonami' fruit to BP disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyue Jing
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xu Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Weihong Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shenchun Qu
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Sanhong Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Joardder MUH, Rashid F, Karim MA. The Relationships Between Structural Properties and Mechanical Properties of Plant-Based Food Materials: A Critical Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad U. H. Joardder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fazlur Rashid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - M. A. Karim
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Cui Z, Sun H, Lu Y, Ren L, Xu X, Li D, Wang R, Ma C. Variations in Pedicel Structural Properties Among Four Pear Species ( Pyrus): Insights Into the Relationship Between the Fruit Characteristics and the Pedicel Structure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:815283. [PMID: 35173757 PMCID: PMC8841830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.815283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit pedicel is the bridge linking the parent tree and the fruit, which is an important channel for water and nutrients transport to the fruit. The genetic specificity determines the characteristics of the pedicel and the fruit, but the relationship between the pedicel structure and the fruit characteristics is unexplored. Combining the investigation of fruit characteristics, the statistical analysis of the pedicel structural properties, and the 2D and 3D anatomical observation of the pedicel, this study found distinctive contributions of the pedicel elements to the fruit characteristics in four pear species. The European pear (Conference) showed distinct fruit shape index and pedicel structural properties compared with the oriental pears (Akizuki, Yali, and Nanguoli). The fruit size positively correlated with pedicel length, fiber area, pedicel diameter, the area percentage of the cortex, and the area percentage of phloem; however, fruit firmness and soluble solids concentration are showed a stronger positive correlation with xylem area, pith area, the area percentage of xylem, the area percentage of sieve tube, and the area percentage of pith. Pedicel elements, including pith, fiber, and cortex, likely play a certain role in the fruit growth due to the variations of their characteristics demonstrated in the four pear species. The porosity, the ratio of the surface area to the volume, and the spatial arrangement of the vessels showed significant variations across the pear species, indicating the distinction of the hydraulic conductance of the pedicels. Our findings provided direct evidence that pedicel structural elements contributed distinctively to the fruit characteristics among pear species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Cui
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoqi Sun
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqin Lu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Sanying Precision Instruments Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingli Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
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Shen C, Shi X, Xie C, Li Y, Yang H, Mei X, Xu Y, Dong C. The change in microstructure of petioles and peduncles and transporter gene expression by potassium influences the distribution of nutrients and sugars in pear leaves and fruit. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:320-333. [PMID: 30553968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is one of the most important mineral nutrients required for fruit growth and development and is known as a 'quality element'. To investigate the role of K in more detail, we performed experiments in which seven-year-old pot-grown 'Huangguan' pear trees were treated with three levels of K (0, 0.4, or 0.8 g K2O kg-1 soil). K supply improved the development of vascular bundles in pear petioles and fruit peduncles and enhanced expression of genes involved in nutrients and sugar transport. Different from K and calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) concentrations in the leaves, petioles, and fruit peduncles were significantly higher under low K but lower under high K. However, the concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg in fruit all increased as more K was applied. Correspondingly, the expression of leaf Mg transporters (MRS2-1 and MRS2-3) increased under low K, indicating that Mg had an obvious compensation effect on K, while their expression decreased under medium and high K, showing that K had an obvious antagonistic effect on Mg. Except for NIPA2, the expressions of fruit K, Ca, and Mg transporters increased under high K, implying a synergistic effect among them in fruit. The concentration of sorbitol, sucrose, and total sugar in leaves and fruit at maturity significantly increased in response to the supply of K. The increase in sugar concentration was closely related to the up-regulated expression of sucrose transporter (SUT) and sorbitol transporter (SOT) genes. Together, these effects may promote the transport of nutrients and sugar from sources (leaves) to sinks (fruit) and increase the accumulation of sugar in the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Changyan Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Han Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xinlan Mei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Caixia Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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