1
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Lundborg M, Wennberg C, Lindahl E, Norlén L. Simulating the Skin Permeation Process of Ionizable Molecules. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5295-5302. [PMID: 38917349 PMCID: PMC11234375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that ionizable molecules, such as drugs, permeate through the skin barrier in their neutral form. By using molecular dynamics simulations of the charged and neutral states separately, we can study the dynamic protonation behavior during the permeation process. We have studied three weak acids and three weak bases and conclude that the acids are ionized to a larger extent than the bases, when passing through the headgroup region of the lipid barrier structure, at pH values close to their pKa. It can also be observed that even if these dynamic protonation simulations are informative, in the cases studied herein they are not necessary for the calculation of permeability coefficients. It is sufficient to base the calculations only on the neutral form, as is commonly done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Lundborg
- SciLifeLab, ERCO Pharma AB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Wennberg
- SciLifeLab, ERCO Pharma AB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
- UC AB, 111 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, Swedish e-Science Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Norlén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
- Dermatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
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2
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Cen Z, Chen Z, Wang D, Chen X, Chen J. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of skin penetration enhancer Putocrin®. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38867384 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substances that can efficiently enhance skin penetration while exerting no adverse effect are useful for drug and cosmetics formulation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and enhance skin penetration efficacy of Putocrin®, a combination containing 2% isosorbide dimethyl ether, 1% pentanediol, and 0.5% inositol. METHODS An in vitro keratinocyte cell assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and an in vitro EpiKutis® skin study adopted hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis were carried out to investigate the safety of Putocrin®. A pigskin-Franz cell system experiment applied high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to compare the skin penetration efficiency of fluorescein isothiocyanate (Fitc)-labeled tranexamic acid with or without the assistance of Putocrin®. The safety and efficacy of Putocrin® was further evaluated on zebrafish embryos. RESULTS The MTT assay showed that Putocrin® at concentration ≤2.5% did not significantly affect cell viability. The in vitro EpiKutis® skin study revealed that 2.5% Putocrin® did not affect skin morphology, filaggrin content, ceramide/protein, or fatty acid/protein ratios, but significantly increased loricrin content by 86.00% (p < 0.001). The pigskin-Franz cell penetration experiment demonstrated that Fitc-labeled tranexamic acid could barely penetrate the skin (with penetration rate of 1.121%), while Putocrin® significantly enhanced the penetration rate up to 83.983%, which was close to unlabeled tranexamic acid (90.013%). The zebrafish embryo study showed that 2.5% Putocrin® did not exert observable toxicity and obviously assisted the skin penetration of Fitc-labeled tranexamic acid into fish embryos. These results indicate the strong enhancing skin penetration potency of Putocrin®. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the safety as well as the strong enhancing skin penetration potency of Putocrin® for cosmetics formulation use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxiao Cen
- Guangzhou Luanying Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Guangzhou Luanying Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Guangzhou Luanying Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Centre for Biotech Big Data Research & Development, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, China
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyuan Chen
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Yang MY, Lee E, Park CS, Nam YS. Molecular Dynamics Investigation into CerENP's Effect on the Lipid Matrix of Stratum Corneum. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5378-5386. [PMID: 38805566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular lipid matrix in the stratum corneum (SC) plays a critical role in skin barrier functionality, comprising three primary components: ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. The diverse ceramides, differentiated by molecular structures such as hydroxylations and varying chain lengths, are essential for the lipid matrix's structural integrity. Recently, a new subclass of ceramide, 1-O-acylceramide NP (CerENP), has been identified; however, its precise role in the lipid matrix of the SC is still elusive. Herein, we investigate the role of CerENP on the structure and permeability of the SC using molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings indicate that CerENP contributes to a compact lipid matrix in the lateral dimension of our SC model with a repeat distance of about 13 nm. Additionally, ethanol permeability assessments show that CerENP effectively reduces molecular penetration through the lipid matrix. This study provides an insight into the role of a new subclass of ceramide in the SC, enhancing our understanding of skin structure and the mechanisms behind barrier dysfunction in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Young Yang
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Eunok Lee
- LCS Biotech Co. Ltd., 11-2, Deokseongsandan 2-ro 50, Idong-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si 17130, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seo Park
- LCS Biotech Co. Ltd., 11-2, Deokseongsandan 2-ro 50, Idong-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si 17130, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Yamaji M, Ohno Y, Shimada M, Kihara A. Alteration of epidermal lipid composition as a result of deficiency in the magnesium transporter Nipal4. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100550. [PMID: 38692573 PMCID: PMC11153242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids in the stratum corneum play an important role in the formation of the skin permeability barrier. The causative gene for congenital ichthyosis, NIPAL4, encodes a Mg2+ transporter and is involved in increases in intracellular Mg2+ concentrations that depend on keratinocyte differentiation. However, the role of this increased Mg2+ concentration in skin barrier formation and its effect on the lipid composition of the stratum corneum has remained largely unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of epidermal lipids in Nipal4 KO mice via TLC and MS. Compared with WT mice, the Nipal4 KO mice showed compositional changes in many ceramide classes (including decreases in ω-O-acylceramides and increases in ω-hydroxy ceramides), together with increases in ω-hydroxy glucosylceramides, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and decreases in ω-O-acyl hydroxy fatty acids containing a linoleic acid. We also found increases in unusual ω-O-acylceramides containing oleic acid or palmitic acid in the KO mice. However, there was little change in levels of cholesterol or protein-bound ceramides. The TLC analysis showed that some unidentified lipids were increased, and the MS analysis showed that these were special ceramides called 1-O-acylceramides. These results suggest that elevated Mg2+ concentrations in differentiated keratinocytes affect the production of various lipids, resulting in the lipid composition necessary for skin barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Yamaji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Madoka Shimada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Lasham J, Djurabekova A, Zickermann V, Vonck J, Sharma V. Role of Protonation States in the Stability of Molecular Dynamics Simulations of High-Resolution Membrane Protein Structures. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2304-2316. [PMID: 38430110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide unmatched spatial and time resolution of protein structure and function. However, the accuracy of MD simulations often depends on the quality of force field parameters and the time scale of sampling. Another limitation of conventional MD simulations is that the protonation states of titratable amino acid residues remain fixed during simulations, even though protonation state changes coupled to conformational dynamics are central to protein function. Due to the uncertainty in selecting protonation states, classical MD simulations are sometimes performed with all amino acids modeled in their standard charged states at pH 7. Here, we performed and analyzed classical MD simulations on high-resolution cryo-EM structures of two large membrane proteins that transfer protons by catalyzing protonation/deprotonation reactions. In simulations performed with titratable amino acids modeled in their standard protonation (charged) states, the structure diverges far from its starting conformation. In comparison, MD simulations performed with predetermined protonation states of amino acid residues reproduce the structural conformation, protein hydration, and protein-water and protein-protein interactions of the structure much better. The results support the notion that it is crucial to perform basic protonation state calculations, especially on structures where protonation changes play an important functional role, prior to the launch of any conventional MD simulations. Furthermore, the combined approach of fast protonation state prediction and MD simulations can provide valuable information about the charge states of amino acids in the cryo-EM sample. Even though accurate prediction of protonation states in proteinaceous environments currently remains a challenge, we introduce an approach of combining pKa prediction with cryo-EM density map analysis that helps in improving not only the protonation state predictions but also the atomic modeling of density data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lasham
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amina Djurabekova
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Zamani Zakaria A, Malde AK, Gould T. Permeability of Dermatological Solutes through the Short Periodicity Phase of Human Stratum Corneum Lipid Bilayers. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:276-288. [PMID: 38147827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Determining the permeability of drug-like solutes through the densely packed and heterogeneous stratum corneum lipid layer presents a significant challenge. In this study, we employed umbrella sampling with a periodic weighing function applied to the center of mass of the lipid bilayers. Precise umbrella sampling was conducted with an interframe distance of 0.5 Å, spanning from the bilayer center to the water phase, and each frame was simulated for at least 20 ns. Autocorrelation functions, potential of mean force (PMF), and diffusivity profiles were analyzed for six solutes (testosterone, benzene, caffeine, ethanol, mannitol, and histidine). The results revealed that autocorrelations were dependent solely on the medium, whether water or lipid phase. Diffusivity and PMF profiles along the reaction coordinate were influenced by the hydrophilicity of the solute rather than its size. For hydrophobic solutes, the PMF curves exhibited a minimum at the bilayer center, while for hydrophilic solutes, the PMFs peaked at the bilayer center and lipid tails (where the lipid tails are not interacting with the cholesterol). Diffusivity curves were low at the bilayer center and water phase, with peaks observed at the headgroup or the boundary between fatty acid and cholesterol (1 nm from the bilayer center). The quantitative findings presented in this work hold significance for pharmacists and drug designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Zamani Zakaria
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Alpeshkumar K Malde
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Tim Gould
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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7
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Norlén L. Molecular Organization of the Skin Barrier. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv13356. [PMID: 37987626 PMCID: PMC10680981 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections allows for investigation directly in situ of the molecular architecture of skin. Recently, this technique has contributed to the elucidation of the molecular organization of the skin's permeability barrier and its stepwise formation process. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the procedure for cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections, its analysis using atomic detail molecular dynamics modelling and electron microscopy simulation, and its application in the investigation of the barrier structure and formation process of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Norlén
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Wennberg C, Lundborg M, Lindahl E, Norlén L. Understanding Drug Skin Permeation Enhancers Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4900-4911. [PMID: 37462219 PMCID: PMC10428223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Our skin constitutes an effective permeability barrier that protects the body from exogenous substances but concomitantly severely limits the number of pharmaceutical drugs that can be delivered transdermally. In topical formulation design, chemical permeation enhancers (PEs) are used to increase drug skin permeability. In vitro skin permeability experiments can measure net effects of PEs on transdermal drug transport, but they cannot explain the molecular mechanisms of interactions between drugs, permeation enhancers, and skin structure, which limits the possibility to rationally design better new drug formulations. Here we investigate the effect of the PEs water, lauric acid, geraniol, stearic acid, thymol, ethanol, oleic acid, and eucalyptol on the transdermal transport of metronidazole, caffeine, and naproxen. We use atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in combination with developed molecular models to calculate the free energy difference between 11 PE-containing formulations and the skin's barrier structure. We then utilize the results to calculate the final concentration of PEs in skin. We obtain an RMSE of 0.58 log units for calculated partition coefficients from water into the barrier structure. We then use the modified PE-containing barrier structure to calculate the PEs' permeability enhancement ratios (ERs) on transdermal metronidazole, caffeine, and naproxen transport and compare with the results obtained from in vitro experiments. We show that MD simulations are able to reproduce rankings based on ERs. However, strict quantitative correlation with experimental data needs further refinement, which is complicated by significant deviations between different measurements. Finally, we propose a model for how to use calculations of the potential of mean force of drugs across the skin's barrier structure in a topical formulation design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus Lundborg
- Science
for Life Laboratory, ERCO Pharma AB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department
of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Applied Physics, Swedish e-Science Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Norlén
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska
Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
- Dermatology
Clinic. Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
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9
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Investigation of β-caryophyllene as terpene penetration enhancer: Role of stratum corneum retention. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 183:106401. [PMID: 36750147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are usually used as penetration enhancers (PE) for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) of various molecules. However, TDD of hydrophilic macromolecules is becoming an urgent challenge due to their potent activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential application of β-caryophyllene (β-CP), a sequiterpene, as PE for TDD of hydrophilic macromolecules for the first time. Commonly used PEs, namely azone and 1,8-cineole (1,8-CN), were applied as controls. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) analysis revealed that the reduction of skin barrier function caused by β-CP was reversible. Transdermal experiments showed that when skin was treated with β-CP or azone, there was a significant permeation-enhancing effect on fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and FITC-dextran with different molecular weight (MW) of 4k or 10k. CLSM analysis confirmed that β-CP and azone can facilitate the penetration of FD-4k through epidermis and dermis. However, the cytotoxicity of azone against epidermal keratinocytes was significantly higher than β-CP and 1,8-CN. Additionally, application of β-CP and 1,8-CN didn't increase erythema index (EI) but the EI values of azone group increased significantly and irreversibly, indicating the high biocompatibility of the natural terpenes. β-CP had better permeation-enhancing effect and higher stratum corneum (SC) retention than 1,8-CN due to its increased carbon chain length and lipophilicity, as further demonstrated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. Skin electrical resistance (SER) and attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) studies revealed a significant interfering effect of β-CP on SC lipids. Taken together, β-CP exhibited significant penetration enhancement of hydrophilic macromolecules due to its SC retention and SC lipid fluidization ability.
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10
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Fandrei F, Havrišák T, Opálka L, Engberg O, Smith A, Pullmannová P, Kučerka N, Ondrejčeková V, Demé B, Nováková L, Steinhart M, Vávrová K, Huster D. The Intriguing Molecular Dynamics of Cer[EOS] in Rigid Skin Barrier Lipid Layers Requires Improvement of the Model. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100356. [PMID: 36948272 PMCID: PMC10154977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-O-acyl ceramides such as 32-linoleoyloxydotriacontanoyl sphingosine (Cer[EOS]) are essential components of the lipid skin barrier, which protects our body from excessive water loss and the penetration of unwanted substances. These ceramides drive the lipid assembly to epidermal-specific long periodicity phase (LPP), structurally much different than conventional lipid bilayers. Here, we synthesized Cer[EOS] with selectively deuterated segments of the ultralong N-acyl chain or deuterated or 13C-labeled linoleic acid and studied their molecular behavior in a skin lipid model. Solid-state 2H NMR data revealed surprising molecular dynamics for the ultralong N-acyl chain of Cer[EOS] with increased isotropic motion towards the isotropic ester-bound linoleate. The sphingosine moiety of Cer[EOS] is also highly mobile at skin temperature, in stark contrast to the other LPP components, N-lignoceroyl sphingosine acyl, lignoceric acid and cholesterol, which are predominantly rigid. The dynamics of the linoleic chain is quantitatively described by distributions of correlation times and using dynamic detector analysis. These NMR results along with neutron diffraction data suggest an LPP structure with alternating fluid (sphingosine chain-rich), rigid (acyl chain-rich), isotropic (linoleate-rich), rigid (acyl-chain rich), and fluid layers (sphingosine chain-rich). Such an arrangement of the skin barrier lipids with rigid layers separated with two different dynamic "fillings" i) agrees well with ultrastructural data, ii) satisfies the need for simultaneous rigidity (to ensure low permeability) and fluidity (to ensure elasticity, accommodate enzymes or antimicrobial peptides), and iii) offers a straightforward way to remodel the lamellar body lipids into the final lipid barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Fandrei
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tomáš Havrišák
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Oskar Engberg
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - AlbertA Smith
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Pullmannová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Kučerka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Ondrejčeková
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Steinhart
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science in Prague, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Piasentin N, Lian G, Cai Q. In Silico Prediction of Stratum Corneum Partition Coefficients via COSMOmic and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2719-2728. [PMID: 36930176 PMCID: PMC10068742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Stratum corneum (SC) is the main barrier of human skin where the inter-corneocytes lipids provide the main pathway for transdermal permeation of functional actives of skin care and health. Molecular dynamics (MD) has been increasingly used to simulate the SC lipid bilayer structure so that the barrier property and its affecting factors can be elucidated. Among reported MD simulation studies, solute partition in the SC lipids, an important parameter affecting SC permeability, has received limited attention. In this work, we combine MD simulation with COSMOmic to predict the partition coefficients of dermatologically relevant solutes in SC lipid bilayer. Firstly, we run MD simulations to obtain equilibrated SC lipid bilayers with different lipid types, compositions, and structures. Then, the simulated SC lipid bilayer structures are fed to COSMOmic to calculate the partition coefficients of the solutes. The results show that lipid types and bilayer geometries play a minor role in the predicted partition coefficients. For the more lipophilic solutes, the predicted results of solute partition in SC lipid bilayers agree well with reported experimental values of solute partition in extracted SC lipids. For the more hydrophilic molecules, there is a systematical underprediction. Nevertheless, the MD/COSMOmic approach correctly reproduces the phenomenological correlation between the SC lipid/water partition coefficients and the octanol/water partition coefficients. Overall, the results show that the MD/COSMOmic approach is a fast and valid method for predicting solute partitioning into SC lipids and hence supporting the assessment of percutaneous absorption of skin care ingredients, dermatological drugs as well as environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Piasentin
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, U.K.,Unilever R&D Colworth, Unilever, Sharnbrook MK441LQ, U.K
| | - Guoping Lian
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, U.K.,Unilever R&D Colworth, Unilever, Sharnbrook MK441LQ, U.K
| | - Qiong Cai
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, U.K
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12
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Pullmannová P, Čuříková-Kindlová BA, Ondrejčeková V, Kováčik A, Dvořáková K, Dulanská L, Georgii R, Majcher A, Maixner J, Kučerka N, Zbytovská J, Vávrová K. Polymorphism, Nanostructures, and Barrier Properties of Ceramide-Based Lipid Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:422-435. [PMID: 36643519 PMCID: PMC9835644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides belong to sphingolipids, an important group of cellular and extracellular lipids. Their physiological functions range from cell signaling to participation in the formation of barriers against water evaporation. In the skin, they are essential for the permeability barrier, together with free fatty acids and cholesterol. We examined the periodical structure and permeability of lipid films composed of ceramides (Cer; namely, N-lignoceroyl 6-hydroxysphingosine, CerNH24, and N-lignoceroyl sphingosine, CerNS24), lignoceric acid (LIG; 24:0), and cholesterol (Chol). X-ray diffraction experiments showed that the CerNH24-based samples form either a short lamellar phase (SLP, d ∼ 5.4 nm) or a medium lamellar phase (MLP, d = 10.63-10.78 nm) depending on the annealing conditions. The proposed molecular arrangement of the MLP based on extended Cer molecules also agreed with the relative neutron scattering length density profiles obtained from the neutron diffraction data. The presence of MLP increased the lipid film permeability to the lipophilic model permeant (indomethacin) relative to the CerNS24-based control samples and the samples that had the same lipid composition but formed an SLP. Thus, the arrangement of lipids in various nanostructures is responsive to external conditions during sample preparation. This polymorphic behavior directly affects the barrier properties, which could also be (patho)physiologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pullmannová
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora A. Čuříková-Kindlová
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Ondrejčeková
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Kováčik
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Dvořáková
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Dulanská
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Georgii
- Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Adam Majcher
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Maixner
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Kučerka
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32Bratislava, Slovakia
- Frank
Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute
for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980Dubna, Russia
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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13
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Ri JS, Choe CS, Choe SH, Jong KH, Hong SN, Schleusener J, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Lycopene, but not zeaxanthin, serves as a skeleton for the formation of an orthorhombic organization of intercellular lipids within the lamellae in the stratum corneum: Molecular dynamics simulations of the hydrated ceramide NS bilayer model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184081. [PMID: 36342013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids play an important role in the protection of biomembranes against oxidative damage. Their function depends on the surroundings and the organization of the lipid membrane they are embedded in. Carotenoids are located parallel or perpendicular to the surface of the lipid bilayer. The influence of carotenoids on the organization of the lipid bilayer in the stratum corneum has not been thoroughly considered. Here, the orientation of the exemplary cutaneous carotenoids lycopene and zeaxanthin in a hydrated ceramide NS24 bilayer model and the influence of carotenoids on the lateral organization of the lipid bilayer model were studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations for 32 °C and 37 °C. The results confirm that lycopene is located parallel and zeaxanthin perpendicular to the surface of the lipid bilayer. The lycopene-loaded lipid bilayer appeared to have a strong orthorhombic organization, while zeaxanthin-loaded and pure lipid bilayers were organized in a disordered hexagonal-like and liquid-like state, respectively. The effect is stronger at 32 °C compared to 37 °C based on p-values. Therefore, it was assumed that carotenoids without hydroxyl polar groups in their structure facilitate the formation of the orthorhombic organization of lipids, which provides the skin barrier function. It was shown that the distance between carotenoid atoms matched the distance between atoms in the lipids, indicating that parallel located carotenoids without hydroxyl groups serve as a skeleton for lipid membranes inside the lamellae. The obtained results provide reasonable prediction of the overall qualitative properties of lipid model systems and show the importance of parallel-oriented carotenoids in the development and maintenance of the skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Ri
- Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Choe
- Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hyok Choe
- Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyok Jong
- Faculty of Physics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Nam Hong
- Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Juergen Lademann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Rivero N, Daza MC, Doerr M. Effect of the CER[NP]:CER[AP] a ratio on the structure of a stratum corneum model lipid matrix - a molecular dynamics study. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 250:105259. [PMID: 36400123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In some dermal diseases with evident skin dehydration and desquamation, the natural ratio of CER[NP]:CER[AP] is altered in the extracellular matrix of the stratum corneum by increasing the concentration of CER[AP]. The extracellular matrix of the stratum corneum is composed of several stacked lipid bilayers. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the molecular nanostructure of CER[NP], CER[AP], cholesterol and lignoceric acid models of the extracellular matrix of the stratum corneum with a nativelike CER[NP]:CER[AP] 2:1 ratio and a CER[NP]:CER[AP] ratio of 1:2. Despite the very minor chemical difference between CER[NP] and CER[AP], which is only a single OH group, it was possible to observe differences between the structural influence of the two ceramides. In the models with 1:2 ratio, the higher CER[AP] content leads to a larger inclination of the acyl chains and a smaller overlap in the lamellar midplane, with a small increase of the repeat distance compared to the model with higher CER[NP] concentration. Because CER[AP] forms more H-bonds than CER[NP], the total number of hydrogen bonds in the headgroup region is larger in the models with higher CER[AP] concentration, reducing the mobility of the lipids towards the centre of the bilayer and resulting in less overlap and increased tilt angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rivero
- Grupo de Bioquímica Teórica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Martha C Daza
- Grupo de Bioquímica Teórica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Markus Doerr
- Grupo de Bioquímica Teórica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
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15
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Takeichi T, Ohno Y, Tanahashi K, Ito Y, Shiraishi K, Utsunomiya R, Yoshida S, Ikeda K, Nomura H, Morizane S, Sayama K, Ogi T, Muro Y, Kihara A, Akiyama M. Ceramide Analysis in Combination With Genetic Testing May Provide a Precise Diagnosis for Self-Healing Collodion Babies. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100308. [PMID: 36332686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-healing collodion baby (SHCB), also called "self-improving collodion baby", is a rare mild variant of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and is defined as a collodion baby who shows the nearly complete resolution of scaling within the first 3 months to 1 year of life. However, during the neonatal period, it is not easy to distinguish SHCB from other inflammatory forms of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, such as congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Here, we report a case study of two Japanese SHCB patients with compound heterozygous mutations, c.235G>T (p.(Glu79∗))/ c.1189C>T (p.(Arg397Cys)) and c.1295A>G (p.(Tyr432Cys))/ c.1138delG (p.(Asp380Thrfs∗3)), in CYP4F22, which encodes cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 22 (CYP4F22). Immunohistochemically, inflammation with the strong expression of IL-17C, IL-36γ, and TNF-α was seen in the skin at birth. CYP4F22 is an ultra-long-chain FA ω-hydroxylase responsible for ω-O-acylceramide (acylceramide) production. Among the epidermal ceramides, acylceramide is a key lipid in maintaining the epidermal permeability barrier function. We found that the levels of ceramides with ω-hydroxy FAs including acylceramides and the levels of protein-bound ceramides were much lower in stratum corneum samples obtained by tape stripping from SHCB patients than in those from their unaffected parents and individuals without SHCB. Additionally, our cell-based enzyme assay revealed that two mutants, p.(Glu79∗) and p.(Arg397Cys), had no enzyme activity. Our findings suggest that genetic testing coupled with noninvasive ceramide analyses using tape-stripped stratum corneum samples might be useful for the early and precise diagnosis of congenital ichthyoses, including SHCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kana Tanahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Shiraishi
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryo Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kenta Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hayato Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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16
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Lundborg M, Wennberg C, Lidmar J, Hess B, Lindahl E, Norlén L. Skin permeability prediction with MD simulation sampling spatial and alchemical reaction coordinates. Biophys J 2022; 121:3837-3849. [PMID: 36104960 PMCID: PMC9674988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular-level understanding of skin permeation may rationalize and streamline product development, and improve quality and control, of transdermal and topical drug delivery systems. It may also facilitate toxicity and safety assessment of cosmetics and skin care products. Here, we present new molecular dynamics simulation approaches that make it possible to efficiently sample the free energy and local diffusion coefficient across the skin's barrier structure to predict skin permeability and the effects of chemical penetration enhancers. In particular, we introduce a new approach to use two-dimensional reaction coordinates in the accelerated weight histogram method, where we combine sampling along spatial coordinates with an alchemical perturbation virtual coordinate. We present predicted properties for 20 permeants, and demonstrate how our approach improves correlation with ex vivo/in vitro skin permeation data. For the compounds included in this study, the obtained log KPexp-calc mean square difference was 0.9 cm2 h-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack Lidmar
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berk Hess
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden; Department of Physics, Swedish e-Science Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Norlén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Shamaprasad P, Frame CO, Moore TC, Yang A, Iacovella CR, Bouwstra JA, Bunge AL, McCabe C. Using molecular simulation to understand the skin barrier. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101184. [PMID: 35988796 PMCID: PMC10116345 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin's effectiveness as a barrier to permeation of water and other chemicals rests almost entirely in the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum (SC), which consists of layers of corneocytes surrounded by highly organized lipid lamellae. As the only continuous path through the SC, transdermal permeation necessarily involves diffusion through these lipid layers. The role of the SC as a protective barrier is supported by its exceptional lipid composition consisting of ceramides (CERs), cholesterol (CHOL), and free fatty acids (FFAs) and the complete absence of phospholipids, which are present in most biological membranes. Molecular simulation, which provides molecular level detail of lipid configurations that can be connected with barrier function, has become a popular tool for studying SC lipid systems. We review this ever-increasing body of literature with the goals of (1) enabling the experimental skin community to understand, interpret and use the information generated from the simulations, (2) providing simulation experts with a solid background in the chemistry of SC lipids including the composition, structure and organization, and barrier function, and (3) presenting a state of the art picture of the field of SC lipid simulations, highlighting the difficulties and best practices for studying these systems, to encourage the generation of robust reproducible studies in the future. This review describes molecular simulation methodology and then critically examines results derived from simulations using atomistic and then coarse-grained models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parashara Shamaprasad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America
| | - Chloe O Frame
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America
| | - Timothy C Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America
| | - Alexander Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America
| | - Christopher R Iacovella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annette L Bunge
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Clare McCabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, United States of America; School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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18
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Suzuki M, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Whole picture of human stratum corneum ceramides, including the chain-length diversity of long-chain bases. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100235. [PMID: 35654151 PMCID: PMC9240646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are essential lipids for skin permeability barrier function, and a wide variety of ceramide species exist in the stratum corneum (SC). Although ceramides with long-chain bases (LCBs) of various lengths have been identified in the human SC, a quantitative analysis that distinguishes ceramide species with different LCB chain lengths has not been yet published. Therefore, the whole picture of human SC ceramides remains unclear. Here, we conducted LC/MS/MS analyses to detect individual ceramide species differing in both the LCB and FA chain lengths and quantified 1,327 unbound ceramides and 254 protein-bound ceramides: the largest number of ceramide species reported to date. Ceramides containing an LCB whose chain length was C16–26 were present in the human SC. Of these, C18 (28.6%) was the most abundant, followed by C20 (24.8%) and C22 (12.8%). Each ceramide class had a characteristic distribution of LCB chain lengths and was divided into five groups according to this distribution. There was almost no difference in FA composition between the ceramide species containing LCBs of different chain lengths. Furthermore, we demonstrated that one of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complexes, SPTLC1/SPTLC3/SPTSSB, was able to produce C16–24 LCBs. The expression levels of all subunits constituting the SPT complexes increased during keratinocyte differentiation, resulting in the observed chain-length diversity of LCBs in the human SC. This study provides a molecular basis for elucidating human SC ceramide diversity and the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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19
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Xu D, Li C, Zhao M. Theragra chalcogramma Hydrolysate, Rich in Gly-Leu-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Thr, Alleviates Photoaging via Modulating Deposition of Collagen Fibers and Restoration of Extracellular Components Matrix in SD Rats. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040252. [PMID: 35447925 PMCID: PMC9028377 DOI: 10.3390/md20040252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet irradiation induces skin photoaging, which seriously deteriorates the barrier functions of skin tissue, and even causes skin damages and diseases. Recently, dietary supplements from marine sources have been found to be useful in modulating skin functions and can be used to alleviate photoaging. Herein, the low-molecular-weight hydrolysates with a photoaging-protection effect were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis from Theragra chalcogramma (TCH), and the potential mechanism were subsequently explored. The results revealed that TCH desirably improved the barrier functions of photoaged skin and stimulated the deposition of ECM components Col I, Hyp, and HA in the dermal layer. Histologically, TCH reduced the epidermal hyperplasia and restored the impaired architectures in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in photoaging skin was inhibited, and the expression levels of elastin and fibrillin-1 were elevated accordingly after TCH administration, and the significant improvements were observed at high-dose level (p < 0.05). Taken together, the efficacy of TCH against skin photoaging is highly associated with the regulation on ECM metabolism and the repairing of damaged mechanical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +86-(138)-2719-8525 (D.X.)
| | - Caihong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +86-(138)-2719-8525 (D.X.)
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20
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Machado N, Bruininks BMH, Singh P, Dos Santos L, Dal Pizzol C, Dieamant GDC, Kruger O, Martin AA, Marrink SJ, Souza PCT, Favero PP. Complex nanoemulsion for vitamin delivery: droplet organization and interaction with skin membranes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:506-514. [PMID: 34913938 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoemulsions are promising nanomaterials for drug delivery applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Despite the noteworthy commercial interest, little is known about their supramolecular organization, especially about how such multicomponent formulations interact with cell membranes. In the present work, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to study the self-assembly of a 15-component lipid nanoemulsion droplet containing vitamins A and E for skin delivery. Our results display aspects of the unique "onion-like" agglomeration between the chemical constituents in the different layers of the lipid nanodroplet. Vitamin E molecules are more concentrated in the center of the droplet together with other hydrophobic constituents such as the triglycerides with long tails. On the other hand, vitamin A occupies an intermediate layer between the core and the co-emulsifier surface of the nanodroplet, together with lecithin phospholipids. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were also performed to provide insight into the first steps involved in absorption and penetration of the nanodroplet through skin membrane models, representing an intracellular (hair follicle infundibulum) and intercellular pathway (stratum corneum) through the skin. Our data provide a first view on the complex organization of commercial nanoemulsion and its interaction with skin membranes. We expect our results to open the way towards the rational design of such nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Machado
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- UFABC Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bart M H Bruininks
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurita Dos Santos
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biomedical Engineering Innovation Center, Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy Group. Universidade Brasil UnBr, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, 08230-030, Itaquera, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carine Dal Pizzol
- Grupo Boticário, Av. Rui Barbosa, 4110, 83055-010, Parque da Fonte, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de C Dieamant
- Grupo Boticário, Av. Rui Barbosa, 4110, 83055-010, Parque da Fonte, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Odivania Kruger
- Grupo Boticário, Av. Rui Barbosa, 4110, 83055-010, Parque da Fonte, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Airton A Martin
- Biomedical Engineering Innovation Center, Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy Group. Universidade Brasil UnBr, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, 08230-030, Itaquera, São Paulo, Brazil.
- DermoProbes - Research, Innovation and Technological Development, Av. Cassiano Ricardo, 601, Sala 73-74, 12246-870, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo C T Souza
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB, UMR 5086), CNRS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Priscila P Favero
- Biomedical Engineering Innovation Center, Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy Group. Universidade Brasil UnBr, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, 08230-030, Itaquera, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Piasentin N, Lian G, Cai Q. Evaluation of Constrained and Restrained Molecular Dynamics Simulation Methods for Predicting Skin Lipid Permeability. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35363-35374. [PMID: 34984268 PMCID: PMC8717400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been utilized to investigate the barrier properties of human skin stratum corneum (SC) lipid bilayers. Different MD methods and force fields have been utilized, with predicted permeabilities varying by few orders of magnitude. In this work, we compare constrained MD simulations with restrained MD simulations to obtain the potential of the mean force and the diffusion coefficient profile for the case of a water molecule permeating across an SC lipid bilayer. Corresponding permeabilities of the simulated lipid bilayer are calculated via the inhomogeneous solubility diffusion model. Results show that both methods perform similarly, but restrained MD simulations have proven to be the more robust approach for predicting the potential of the mean force profile. Critical to both methods are the sampling of the whole trans-bilayer axis and the following symmetrization process. Re-analysis of the previously reported free energy profiles showed that some of the discrepancies in the reported permeability values is due to misquotation of units, while some are due to the inaccurately obtained potential of the mean force. By using the existing microscopic geometrical models via the intercellular lipid pathway, the permeation through the whole SC is predicted from the MD simulation results, and the predicted barrier properties have been compared to experimental data from the literature with good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Piasentin
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, U.K..
- Unilever
R&D Colworth, Unilever, Sharnbrook MK441LQ, U.K..
| | - Guoping Lian
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, U.K..
- Unilever
R&D Colworth, Unilever, Sharnbrook MK441LQ, U.K..
- . Phone: +44 1234 222741
| | - Qiong Cai
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, U.K..
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22
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Stefanov SR, Andonova VY. Lipid Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Advances in the Treatment of Skin Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1083. [PMID: 34832865 PMCID: PMC8619682 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional role of the human skin is well known. It acts as a sensory and immune organ that protects the human body from harmful environmental impacts such as chemical, mechanical, and physical threats, reduces UV radiation effects, prevents moisture loss, and helps thermoregulation. In this regard, skin disorders related to skin integrity require adequate treatment. Lipid nanoparticles (LN) are recognized as promising drug delivery systems (DDS) in treating skin disorders. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) together with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) exhibit excellent tolerability as these are produced from physiological and biodegradable lipids. Moreover, LN applied to the skin can improve stability, drug targeting, occlusion, penetration enhancement, and increased skin hydration compared with other drug nanocarriers. Furthermore, the features of LN can be enhanced by inclusion in suitable bases such as creams, ointments, gels (i.e., hydrogel, emulgel, bigel), lotions, etc. This review focuses on recent developments in lipid nanoparticle systems and their application to treating skin diseases. We point out and consider the reasons for their creation, pay attention to their advantages and disadvantages, list the main production techniques for obtaining them, and examine the place assigned to them in solving the problems caused by skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R. Stefanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
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23
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Roberts MS, Cheruvu HS, Mangion SE, Alinaghi A, Benson HA, Mohammed Y, Holmes A, van der Hoek J, Pastore M, Grice JE. Topical drug delivery: History, percutaneous absorption, and product development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113929. [PMID: 34403750 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topical products, widely used to manage skin conditions, have evolved from simple potions to sophisticated delivery systems. Their development has been facilitated by advances in percutaneous absorption and product design based on an increasingly mechanistic understanding of drug-product-skin interactions, associated experiments, and a quality-by-design framework. Topical drug delivery involves drug transport from a product on the skin to a local target site and then clearance by diffusion, metabolism, and the dermal circulation to the rest of the body and deeper tissues. Insights have been provided by Quantitative Structure Permeability Relationships (QSPR), molecular dynamics simulations, and dermal Physiologically Based PharmacoKinetics (PBPK). Currently, generic product equivalents of reference-listed products dominate the topical delivery market. There is an increasing regulatory interest in understanding topical product delivery behavior under 'in use' conditions and predicting in vivo response for population variations in skin barrier function and response using in silico and in vitro findings.
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24
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The Skin's Barrier: A Cryo-EM Based Overview of its Architecture and Stepwise Formation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:285-292. [PMID: 34474746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A major role of the skin is to serve as a barrier toward the environment. The skin's permeability barrier consists of a lipid structure positioned in the stratum corneum. Recent progress in high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has allowed for elucidation of the architecture of the skin's barrier and its stepwise formation process representing the final stage of epidermal differentiation. In this review, we present an overview of the skin's barrier structure and its formation process, as evidenced by cryo-EM.
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25
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Lundborg M, Lidmar J, Hess B. The accelerated weight histogram method for alchemical free energy calculations. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204103. [PMID: 34241154 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The accelerated weight histogram method is an enhanced sampling technique used to explore free energy landscapes by applying an adaptive bias. The method is general and easy to extend. Herein, we show how it can be used to efficiently sample alchemical transformations, commonly used for, e.g., solvation and binding free energy calculations. We present calculations and convergence of the hydration free energy of testosterone, representing drug-like molecules. We also include methane and ethanol to validate the results. The protocol is easy to use, does not require a careful choice of parameters, and scales well to accessible resources, and the results converge at least as quickly as when using conventional methods. One benefit of the method is that it can easily be combined with other reaction coordinates, such as intermolecular distances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Lidmar
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Hess
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Bozdaganyan ME, Orekhov PS. Synergistic Effect of Chemical Penetration Enhancers on Lidocaine Permeability Revealed by Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:410. [PMID: 34072597 PMCID: PMC8227207 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The search for new formulations for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is an important field in medicine and cosmetology. Molecules with specific physicochemical properties which can increase the permeability of active ingredients across the stratum corneum (SC) are called chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), and it was shown that some CPEs can act synergistically. In this study, we performed coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the lidocaine delivery facilitated by two CPEs-linoleic acid (LA) and ethanol-through the SC model membrane containing cholesterol, N-Stearoylsphingosine (DCPE), and behenic acid. In our simulations, we probed the effects of individual CPEs as well as their combination on various properties of the SC membrane and the lidocaine penetration across it. We demonstrated that the addition of both CPEs decreases the membrane thickness and the order parameters of the DPCE hydrocarbon chains. Moreover, LA also enhances diffusion of the SC membrane components, especially cholesterol. The estimated potential of mean force (PMF) profiles for the lidocaine translocation across SC in the presence/absence of two individual CPEs and their combination demonstrated that while ethanol lowers the free energy barrier for lidocaine to enter SC, LA decreases the depth of the free energy minima for lidocaine inside SC. These two effects supposedly result in synergistic penetration enhancement of drugs. Altogether, the present simulations provide a detailed molecular picture of CPEs' action and their synergistic effect on the penetration of small molecular weight therapeutics that can be beneficial for the design of novel drug and cosmetics formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine E. Bozdaganyan
- School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Philipp S. Orekhov
- School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Center of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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27
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Narangifard A, Wennberg CL, den Hollander L, Iwai I, Han H, Lundborg M, Masich S, Lindahl E, Daneholt B, Norlén L. Molecular Reorganization during the Formation of the Human Skin Barrier Studied In Situ. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1243-1253.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Investigation on drug entrapment location in liposomes and transfersomes based on molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2021; 27:111. [PMID: 33745026 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, liposome and transfersome were successfully constructed using molecular dynamics simulation. Three drugs with different polarity, including 5-fluorouracil, ligustrazine, and osthole, were selected as model drugs to study the distribution of drugs in lipid vesicles by calculating the radial distribution function and the potential of mean force. The solubility parameters between drugs and different regions in lipid vesicles were calculated to characterize the compatibility of drugs in different regions in lipid vesicles, which provided the basis for the conclusion of this paper. It showed that the radial distribution function and the potential of mean force were consistent in the characterization of drug distribution in vesicles, and the drug distribution in vesicles was closely related to the compatibility between drugs and vesicles. Therefore, the radial distribution function and the potential of mean force can be used to characterize the distribution of drugs in vesicles, and molecular simulation technology has a great potential in studying the characteristics of vesicles. Graphical abstract.
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29
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Casalini T. Not only in silico drug discovery: Molecular modeling towards in silico drug delivery formulations. J Control Release 2021; 332:390-417. [PMID: 33675875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of methods at molecular scale for the discovery of new potential active ligands, as well as previously unknown binding sites for target proteins, is now an established reality. Literature offers many successful stories of active compounds developed starting from insights obtained in silico and approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). One of the most famous examples is raltegravir, a HIV integrase inhibitor, which was developed after the discovery of a previously unknown transient binding area thanks to molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular simulations have the potential to also improve the design and engineering of drug delivery devices, which are still largely based on fundamental conservation equations. Although they can highlight the dominant release mechanism and quantitatively link the release rate to design parameters (size, drug loading, et cetera), their spatial resolution does not allow to fully capture how phenomena at molecular scale influence system behavior. In this scenario, the "computational microscope" offered by simulations at atomic scale can shed light on the impact of molecular interactions on crucial parameters such as release rate and the response of the drug delivery device to external stimuli, providing insights that are difficult or impossible to obtain experimentally. Moreover, the new paradigm brought by nanomedicine further underlined the importance of such computational microscope to study the interactions between nanoparticles and biological components with an unprecedented level of detail. Such knowledge is a fundamental pillar to perform device engineering and to achieve efficient and safe formulations. After a brief theoretical background, this review aims at discussing the potential of molecular simulations for the rational design of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Casalini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Via la Santa 1, Lugano 6962, Switzerland.
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30
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Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Gorantla S, Saha RN, Dubey SK, Puri A, Singhvi G. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Potential Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4569-4579. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200614175236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Skin diseases affect all the age groups of people and have an impact on patients’ physical,
mental, and emotional status. Conventional topical preparation is limited with its efficacy due to low permeation,
frequent application, and poor adherence to the therapy for prolong time.
Objective:
The objective of this review article is to address the emerging trends of nanotechnology derived lipidic
carrier systems for an effective treatment for skin disorders.
Methodology:
Various research and review articles from reputed international journals were referred and compiled.
Results and Discussion:
opical drug delivery systems were found to be more effective than oral and parenteral
drug delivery systems for treating skin diseases due to targeted localized applications with reduced side effects.
Lipid-based nanoparticles have been found to have the potential in treating skin diseases due to the biocompatibility
and the versatility of the lipids. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have gained much attention in treating
skin diseases due to improved stability of the drugs, enhanced skin permeation, retention, and better therapeutic
efficacy. The review summarizes the NLCs characteristics and their application for topical delivery of various
therapeutics in skin disorders. NLCs have shown great potential in effective drug delivery for the treatment of
psoriasis, dermatitis, bacterial infections, and skin cancer. Its cosmetic application has opened a new area for
skincare. Furthermore, safety and clinical status revealed its future commercial acceptability.
Conclusion:
NLCs have been found as effective lipid nanocarriers for the delivery of topical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Anu Puri
- National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
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31
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Jadhav P, Gokarna V, Deshpande V, Vavia P. Bioavailability Enhancement of Olmesartan Medoxomil Using Hot-Melt Extrusion: In-Silico, In-Vitro, and In-Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:254. [PMID: 32888102 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) an antihypertensive molecule with poor solubility and poor bioavailability (26% when taken orally) was selected as a model drug. Herein, rationale development of amorphous solid dispersion with hot-melt extrusion of poorly bioavailable OLM was carried out with the aid of quality by design (QbD), in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo evaluations. Polymer selection commenced with the selection of thermoplastic water-soluble polymers with the compatible processing temperature window as per the thermal behavior of OLM. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as well assisted in the selection of a carrier. Promising dissolution enhancement was observed with the help of Kollidon VA-64 (VA-64) as a carrier. Optimization of the formulation was executed using the QbD approach with design of experiment as a statistical optimization tool. Interactions between VA-64 and OLM on the atomic level were studied with the help of atomistic MD simulations. Characterization of the optimized extrudates were carried out with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, in-vitro dissolution study, and in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Molecular-level mixing of OLM with VA-64 resulted into glass solution formation which rapidly dissolves (28 times in-vitro dissolution enhancement) in GI tract fluids and instantly gets absorbed into blood circulation. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies performed in Sprague-Dawley rats reflected superior bioavailability (201.60%) with a significant increase in the Cmax with short Tmax through amorphization of OLM. The in-silico results were in agreement with the observed results of in-vitro dissolution studies and in-vivo pharmacokinetic study.
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32
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Beddoes C, Gooris GS, Foglia F, Ahmadi D, Barlow DJ, Lawrence MJ, Demé B, Bouwstra JA. Arrangement of Ceramides in the Skin: Sphingosine Chains Localize at a Single Position in Stratum Corneum Lipid Matrix Models. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10270-10278. [PMID: 32816488 PMCID: PMC7498151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structure of the stratum corneum (SC) is essential to understand the skin barrier process. The long periodicity phase (LPP) is a unique trilayer lamellar structure located in the SC. Adjustments in the composition of the lipid matrix, as in many skin abnormalities, can have severe effects on the lipid organization and barrier function. Although the location of individual lipid subclasses has been identified, the lipid conformation at these locations remains uncertain. Contrast variation experiments via small-angle neutron diffraction were used to investigate the conformation of ceramide (CER) N-(tetracosanoyl)-sphingosine (NS) within both simplistic and porcine mimicking LPP models. To identify the lipid conformation of the twin chain CER NS, the chains were individually deuterated, and their scattering length profiles were calculated to identify their locations in the LPP unit cell. In the repeating trilayer unit of the LPP, the acyl chain of CER NS was located in the central and outer layers, while the sphingosine chain was located exclusively in the middle of the outer layers. Thus, for the CER NS with the acyl chain in the central layer, this demonstrates an extended conformation. Electron density distribution profiles identified that the lipid structure remains consistent regardless of the lipid's lateral packing phase, this may be partially due to the anchoring of the extended CER NS. The presented results provide a more detailed insight on the internal arrangement of the LPP lipids and how they are expected to be arranged in healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte
M. Beddoes
- Division
of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Gert S. Gooris
- Division
of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Foglia
- Chemistry
Department, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Delaram Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical
Science Division, King’s College
London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Barlow
- Pharmaceutical
Science Division, King’s College
London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - M. Jayne Lawrence
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institute
Laue-Langevin, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Division
of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- . Tel: 00 31 71 527 4208. Fax: 00 31 71 527 4565
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33
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Gene Delivery to the Skin - How Far Have We Come? Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:474-487. [PMID: 32873394 PMCID: PMC7456264 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies are powerful tools to prevent, treat, and cure human diseases. The application of gene therapies for skin diseases received little attention so far, despite the easy accessibility of skin and the urgent medical need. A major obstacle is the unique barrier properties of human skin, which significantly limits the absorption of biomacromolecules, and thus hampers the efficient delivery of nucleic acid payloads. In this review, we discuss current approaches, successes, and failures of cutaneous gene therapy and provide guidance toward the development of next-generation concepts. We specifically allude to the delivery strategies as the major obstacle that prevents the full potential of gene therapies – not only for skin disorders but also for almost any other human disease. Gene therapies are powerful tools for the treatment of inflammatory, genetic, and cancer-related skin diseases. The skin barrier function and the low number of cells that get transfected are the main hurdles for cutaneous gene therapy and contribute to the fact that gene therapies for skin diseases are an underexplored area. Gene editing provides an approach to cure rare and severe genodermatoses-like epidermolysis bullosa. First studies demonstrate the potential and invaluable impact these treatments may have even if only a small percentage of the gene function can be restored. Recent advancements demonstrate the power of non-viral delivery systems for the delivery of gene therapeutics to the skin. They may prove superior to viral vectors, the current gold standard, because their use is not limited by packaging size, serious safety concerns, or manufacturing issues.
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34
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Corneotherapie – Pflege und Reparatur der Haut: präzise, effektiv und nachhaltig. JOURNAL FÜR ÄSTHETISCHE CHIRURGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12631-020-00227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Pflege und Gesunderhaltung der Haut ist nicht nur für ein gutes Aussehen, sondern auch für das allgemeine Wohlbefinden essenziell. Viele Menschen investieren daher für die Hautpflege nicht nur viel Zeit, sondern auch viel Geld. Oft stellt sich jedoch die Frage, welche Produkte aus der Vielfalt an Angeboten nun besonders effektiv und empfehlenswert sind. Der Artikel gibt darüber Auskunft. Er erläutert die Grundlagen und aktuellen Erkenntnisse der Corneobiologie und zeigt, wie eine präzise, effektive und nachhaltige Hautpflege heute aussehen sollte.
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35
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Schmitt T, Neubert RHH. State of the Art in Stratum Corneum Research. Part II: Hypothetical Stratum Corneum Lipid Matrix Models. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:213-230. [PMID: 32683377 DOI: 10.1159/000509019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review is the second part of a series which presents the state of the art in stratum corneum (SC) lipid matrix (LM) research in depth. In this part, the various hypothetical models which were developed to describe the structure and function of the SC LM as the skin's barrier will be discussed. New as well as a cumulative assortment of older results which change the view on the different models are considered to conclude how well the different models are holding up today. As a final conclusion, a model, factoring in as much of the known data as possible, is concluded, unifying the varying different models into one which can be developed further, as new results are found in the future. So far, the model is described with a single crystalline or gel-like phase with a certain amount of nanocrystallites of concentrated ceramides (CERs) and free fatty acids and more fluid nanodomains caused by a fluidizing effect of the cholesterol. These domains are dynamically resolved and reformed and do not impair the barrier function. The chain conformation is not completely clear yet; however, an equilibrium of fully extended and hairpin-folded CERs with ratios depending on the properties of each individual CER species is proposed as most likely. An overlapping middle layer as described for the tri-layer model in part I of this series would be present for both conformations. The macroscopic broad-narrow-broad layering, observed in electron micrographs, is explained by an external templating by the lipid envelope, and an internal templating by short and long lipid chains each preferentially show a homophilic association, forming thicker and thinner bilayers, respectively. The degree of influence of the very long ω-hydroxy-CERs is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard H H Neubert
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (IADP), Halle/Saale, Germany, .,Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany,
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36
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Buslaev P, Mustafin K, Gushchin I. Principal component analysis highlights the influence of temperature, curvature and cholesterol on conformational dynamics of lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183253. [PMID: 32142820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipids are inherently highly dynamic molecules. Currently, it is difficult to probe the structures of individual lipids experimentally at the timescales corresponding to atomic motions, and consequently molecular dynamics simulations are used widely. In our previous work, we have introduced the principal component analysis (PCA) as a convenient framework for comprehensive quantitative description of lipid motions. Here, we present a newly developed open source script, PCAlipids, which automates the analysis and allows us to refine the approach and test its limitations. We use PCAlipids to determine the influence of temperature, cholesterol and curvature on individual lipids, and show that the most prominent lipid tail scissoring motion is strongly affected by these factors and allows tracking of phase transition. Addition of cholesterol affects the conformations and selectively changes the dynamics of lipid molecules, impacting the large-amplitude motions. Introduction of curvature biases the conformational ensembles towards more extended structures. We hope that the developed approach will be useful for understanding the molecular basis of different processes occurring in lipid membrane systems and will stimulate development of complementary experimental techniques probing the conformations of individual lipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buslaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - K Mustafin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - I Gushchin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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37
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Gajula K, Gupta R, Rai B. Multiscale Modeling of Skin Electroporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6651-6660. [PMID: 32475118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human skin, the largest external organ of the body, provides a selective barrier to therapeutics applied topically. The molecules having specific chemical and physical properties can only penetrate the deeper layer of the skin. However, the lag time for reaching a steady state in the deeper layer is generally of the order of hours. In order to deliver higher-molecular-weight, charged, and hydrophilic therapeutics in the deeper layer, the skin barrier must be breached. Electroporation is one of the methods used to breach the skin barrier for enhancement of drug permeation and reduction of lag time. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the enhancement of drug permeation is not well understood. In this study, a multiscale model of skin electroporation is developed by connecting molecular phenomena to a macroscopic model. At the atomic scale, molecular dynamics simulations of the lipid matrix of the human stratum corneum (SC) were performed under the influence of an external electric field. The pores get formed during the electroporation process and the transport properties (diffusivity) of drug molecules are computed. The diffusion coefficient obtained during electroporation was found to be higher than passive diffusion. However, this alone could not explain the multifold increase in the drug flux on application of an electric field as observed in the experiments. Hence, a finite element method (FEM) model of the skin SC is also developed. The release of fentanyl through this model is compared with the available experimental results. Both experimental and simulated results of pore formation on application of an electric field and many folds' increase in drug flux are comparable. Once validated, the framework was used for the design of skin electroporation experiments (in silico) by changing the electric pulse parameters such as voltage, pulse duration, and number of pulses. This multiscale modeling framework provides valuable insight at the molecular and macroscopic levels to design the electroporation experiments. The framework can be utilized as a design tool for skin electroporation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Gajula
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services, 54 B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune 411013, India
| | - Rakesh Gupta
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services, 54 B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune 411013, India
| | - Beena Rai
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services, 54 B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune 411013, India
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38
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Martinotti C, Ruiz-Perez L, Deplazes E, Mancera RL. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Small Molecules Interacting with Biological Membranes. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1486-1514. [PMID: 32452115 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes protect and compartmentalise cells and their organelles. The semi-permeable nature of these membranes controls the exchange of solutes across their structure. Characterising the interaction of small molecules with biological membranes is critical to understanding of physiological processes, drug action and permeation, and many biotechnological applications. This review provides an overview of how molecular simulations are used to study the interaction of small molecules with biological membranes, with a particular focus on the interactions of water, organic compounds, drugs and short peptides with models of plasma cell membrane and stratum corneum lipid bilayers. This review will not delve on other types of membranes which might have different composition and arrangement, such as thylakoid or mitochondrial membranes. The application of unbiased molecular dynamics simulations and enhanced sampling methods such as umbrella sampling, metadynamics and replica exchange are described using key examples. This review demonstrates how state-of-the-art molecular simulations have been used successfully to describe the mechanism of binding and permeation of small molecules with biological membranes, as well as associated changes to the structure and dynamics of these membranes. The review concludes with an outlook on future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Martinotti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and, Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Lanie Ruiz-Perez
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and, Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Evelyne Deplazes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ricardo L Mancera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and, Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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39
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Kawana M, Miyamoto M, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:884-895. [PMID: 32265320 PMCID: PMC7269764 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are the predominant lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) and are crucial components for normal skin barrier function. Although the composition of various ceramide classes in the human SC has been reported, that in mice is still unknown, despite mice being widely used as animal models of skin barrier function. Here, we performed LC/MS/MS analyses using recently available ceramide class standards to measure 25 classes of free ceramides and 5 classes of protein-bound ceramides from human and mouse SC. Phytosphingosine- and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides, which both contain an additional hydroxyl group, were abundant in the human SC (35% and 45% of total ceramides, respectively). In contrast, in mice, phytosph-ingosine- and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides were present at ∼1% and undetectable levels, respectively, and sphingosine-type ceramides accounted for ∼90%. In humans, ceramides containing α-hydroxy FA were abundant, whereas ceramides containing β-hydroxy or ω-hydroxy FA were abundant in mice. The hydroxylated β-carbon in β-hydroxy ceramides was in the (R) configuration. Genetic knockout of β-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratases in HAP1 cells increased β-hydroxy ceramide levels, suggesting that β-hydroxy acyl-CoA, an FA-elongation cycle intermediate in the ER, is a substrate for β-hydroxy ceramide synthesis. We anticipate that our methods and findings will help to elucidate the role of each ceramide class in skin barrier formation and in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kawana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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40
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Antunes E, Cavaco-Paulo A. Stratum corneum lipid matrix with unusual packing: A molecular dynamics study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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Liao Q. Enhanced sampling and free energy calculations for protein simulations. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 170:177-213. [PMID: 32145945 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is a powerful computational technique to study biomolecular systems, which complements experiments by providing insights into the structural dynamics relevant to biological functions at atomic scale. It can also be used to calculate the free energy landscapes of the conformational transitions to better understand the functions of the biomolecules. However, the sampling of biomolecular configurations is limited by the free energy barriers that need to be overcome, leading to considerable gaps between the timescales reached by MD simulation and those governing biological processes. To address this issue, many enhanced sampling methodologies have been developed to increase the sampling efficiency of molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. Usually, enhanced sampling algorithms can be classified into methods based on collective variables (CV-based) and approaches which do not require predefined CVs (CV-free). In this chapter, the theoretical basis of free energy estimation is briefly reviewed first, followed by the reviews of the most common CV-based and CV-free methods including the presentation of some examples and recent developments. Finally, the combination of different enhanced sampling methods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liao
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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42
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Wang E, Klauda JB. Molecular Structure of the Long Periodicity Phase in the Stratum Corneum. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16930-16943. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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Mechanistic skin penetration model by the COSMOperm method: Routes of permeation, vehicle effects and skin variations in the healthy and compromised skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Penetration enhancement of menthol on quercetin through skin: insights from atomistic simulation. J Mol Model 2019; 25:235. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Iachina I, Antonescu I, Dreier J, Sørensen J, Brewer J. The nanoscopic molecular pathway through human skin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1226-1233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Pullmannová P, Ermakova E, Kováčik A, Opálka L, Maixner J, Zbytovská J, Kučerka N, Vávrová K. Long and very long lamellar phases in model stratum corneum lipid membranes. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:963-971. [PMID: 30885924 PMCID: PMC6495169 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane models of the stratum corneum (SC) lipid barrier, either healthy or affected by recessive X-linked ichthyosis, constructed from ceramide [Cer; nonhydroxyacyl sphingosine N-tetracosanoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine (CerNS24) alone or with omega-O-acylceramide N-(32-linoleyloxy)dotriacontanoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine (CerEOS)], FFAs(C16-24), cholesterol (Chol), and sodium cholesteryl sulfate (CholS) were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a previously unreported polymorphism of the membranes. In the absence of CerEOS, the membranes formed a short lamellar phase (SLP; the repeat distance d = 5.3 nm), a medium lamellar phase (MLP; d = 10.6 nm), or very long lamellar phases (VLLP; d = 15.9 and 21.2 nm). An increased CholS-to-Chol ratio modulated the membrane polymorphism, although the CholS phase separated at ≥ 7 weight% (of total lipids). The presence of CerEOS led to the stable long lamellar phase (LLP) with d = 12.2 nm and prevented VLLP formation. Our XRD results agree well with recently published cryo-electron microscopy data for vitreous skin sections, while also revealing new structures. Thus, lamellar phases with long repeat distances (MLP and VLLP) may be formed in the absence of omega-O-acylceramide, whereas these ultralong Cer species likely stabilize the final SC lipid architecture of LLP by riveting the adjacent lipid layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pullmannová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Elena Ermakova
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Andrej Kováčik
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Maixner
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Kučerka
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia; Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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47
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Pecoraro B, Tutone M, Hoffman E, Hutter V, Almerico AM, Traynor M. Predicting Skin Permeability by Means of Computational Approaches: Reliability and Caveats in Pharmaceutical Studies. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:1759-1771. [PMID: 30658035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the main barrier between the internal body environment and the external one. The characteristics of this barrier and its properties are able to modify and affect drug delivery and chemical toxicity parameters. Therefore, it is not surprising that permeability of many different compounds has been measured through several in vitro and in vivo techniques. Moreover, many different in silico approaches have been used to identify the correlation between the structure of the permeants and their permeability, to reproduce the skin behavior, and to predict the ability of specific chemicals to permeate this barrier. A significant number of issues, like interlaboratory variability, experimental conditions, data set building rationales, and skin site of origin and hydration, still prevent us from obtaining a definitive predictive skin permeability model. This review wants to show the main advances and the principal approaches in computational methods used to predict this property, to enlighten the main issues that have arisen, and to address the challenges to develop in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Pecoraro
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Hertfordshire , AL10 9AB Hatfield , United Kingdom
| | - Marco Tutone
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies , University of Palermo , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Ewelina Hoffman
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Hertfordshire , AL10 9AB Hatfield , United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Hutter
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Hertfordshire , AL10 9AB Hatfield , United Kingdom
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies , University of Palermo , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Matthew Traynor
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Hertfordshire , AL10 9AB Hatfield , United Kingdom
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48
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Sochorová M, Audrlická P, Červená M, Kováčik A, Kopečná M, Opálka L, Pullmannová P, Vávrová K. Permeability and microstructure of cholesterol-depleted skin lipid membranes and human stratum corneum. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 535:227-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Xu D, Li D, Zhao Z, Wu J, Zhao M. Regulation by walnut protein hydrolysate on the components and structural degradation of photoaged skin in SD rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:6792-6802. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin photoaging induced by consecutive exposure of skin to ultraviolet radiation is primarily responsible for skin aging and preparation of food-derived ingredients with anti-aging functions has been the hot topic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei 235000
- China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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50
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Klamt A, Schwöbel J, Huniar U, Koch L, Terzi S, Gaudin T. COSMOplex: self-consistent simulation of self-organizing inhomogeneous systems based on COSMO-RS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9225-9238. [PMID: 30994133 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, the efficient combination of quantum chemical calculations with statistical thermodynamics by the COSMO-RS method has become an important alternative to force-field based simulations for the accurate prediction of free energies of molecules in liquid systems. While it was originally restricted to homogeneous liquids, it later has been extended to the prediction of the free energy of molecules in inhomogeneous systems such as micelles, biomembranes, or liquid interfaces, but these calculations were based on external input about the structure of the inhomogeneous system. Here we report the rigorous extension of COSMO-RS to a self-consistent prediction of the structure and the free energies of molecules in self-organizing inhomogeneous systems. This extends the application range to many new areas, such as the prediction of micellar structures and critical micelle concentrations, finite loading effects in micelles and biomembranes, the free energies and structure of liquid interfaces, microemulsions, and many more related topics, which often are of great practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klamt
- COSMOlogic GmbH & Co KG, Imbacher Weg 46, D-51379 Leverkusen, Germany.
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