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Mahadik N, Bhattacharya D, Padmanabhan A, Sakhare K, Narayan KP, Banerjee R. Targeting steroid hormone receptors for anti-cancer therapy-A review on small molecules and nanotherapeutic approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1755. [PMID: 34541822 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) among nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are steroid ligand-dependent transcription factors that play important roles in the regulation of transcription of genes promoted via hormone responsive elements in our genome. Aberrant expression patterns and context-specific regulation of these receptors in cancer, have been routinely reported by multiple research groups. These gave an window of opportunity to target those receptors in the context of developing novel, targeted anticancer therapeutics. Besides the development of a plethora of SHR-targeting synthetic ligands and the availability of their natural, hormonal ligands, development of many SHR-targeted, anticancer nano-delivery systems and theranostics, especially based on small molecules, have been reported. It is intriguing to realize that these cytoplasmic receptors have become a hot target for cancer selective delivery. This is in spite of the fact that these receptors do not fall in the category of conventional, targetable cell surface bound or transmembrane receptors that enjoy over-expression status. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is one such exciting SHR that in spite of it being expressed ubiquitously in all cells, we discovered it to behave differently in cancer cells, thus making it a truly druggable target for treating cancer. This review selectively accumulates the knowledge generated in the field of SHR-targeting as a major focus for cancer treatment with various anticancer small molecules and nanotherapeutics on progesterone receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, and androgen receptor while selectively emphasizing on GR and estrogen receptor. This review also briefly highlights lipid-modification strategy to convert ligands into SHR-targeted cancer nanotherapeutics. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Mahadik
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akshaya Padmanabhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalyani Sakhare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kumar Pranav Narayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Urbinati G, Marsaud V, Nicolas V, Vergnaud-Gauduchon J, Renoir JM. Liposomal trichostatin A: therapeutic potential in hormone-dependent and -independent breast cancer xenograft models. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 6:215-25. [PMID: 25961258 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichostatin A (TSA) is one of the most potent histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in vitro but it lacks biological activity in vivo when injected intravenously owing to its fast metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS TSA was incorporated into Stealth® liposomes (TSA-lipo) at a high loading and its anticancer activity was evaluated in several types of breast cancer cells and xenografts. RESULTS In estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive MCF-7 and T47-D cells, TSA induced a long-term degradation of cyclin A and a proteasome-dependent loss of ERα and cyclin D1, allowed derepression of p21WAF1/CIP1, HDAC1 and RhoB GTPase, concomitantly with blockade in G2/M of the cell cycle and apoptosis induction. In MDA-MB-231 (MDA) and SKBr-3 cells, TSA increased ERα mRNA and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein expression, but decreased cyclin A with a G2/M blockade and cleavage of polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). No significant restoration of any ER protein was noticed in any cells. TSA-lipo markedly inhibited tumor growth in MCF-7 and MDA cells xenografts following intravenous injection. Their anticancer effects were characterized by inhibition of Ki-67 labeling, the inhibition of tumor vasculature and an increase of p21WAF1/CIP1 in both tumors. In MCF-7 cell tumors, enhanced RhoB accumulation in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells was noticed, inversely to ERα that was strongly decreased. CONCLUSION Such anticancer activity of TSA-lipo is exp-lained by the protection provided by HDACi encapsulation and by the strong tumor accumulation of the nanocarriers as revealed by fluorescence confocal microscopy experi-ments. Together with its lack of toxicity, the enhanced stability of TSA-lipo in vivo justifies its development for therapeutic use in the treatment estradiol-dependent and -independent breast cancers.
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Medicinal applications of perfluoroalkylated chain-containing compounds. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1201-29. [PMID: 25078138 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds with polyfluorinated molecular fragments possess unique properties associated with the presence of a large number of fluorine atoms that affect lipophilicity and conformational rigidity of the parent molecule along with other effects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of synthesized compounds possessing perfluoroalkylated or polyfluorinated chains that have been tested for bioactivity or as potential drug candidates for the treatment of various diseases. As far as the length of the perfluoroalkylated chain is concerned the focus is centered on the compound bearing perfluoroethyl or tetrafluoroethyl as well as longer chains. The perfluoroalkylated compounds discussed are classified according to their biological activity.
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Prabhu RH, Patravale VB, Joshi MD. Polymeric nanoparticles for targeted treatment in oncology: current insights. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1001-18. [PMID: 25678788 PMCID: PMC4324541 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, a major strategy for cancer treatment, lacks the specificity to localize the cancer therapeutics in the tumor site, thereby affecting normal healthy tissues and advocating toxic adverse effects. Nanotechnological intervention has greatly revolutionized the therapy of cancer by surmounting the current limitations in conventional chemotherapy, which include undesirable biodistribution, cancer cell drug resistance, and severe systemic side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) achieve preferential accumulation in the tumor site by virtue of their passive and ligand-based targeting mechanisms. Polymer-based nanomedicine, an arena that entails the use of polymeric NPs, polymer micelles, dendrimers, polymersomes, polyplexes, polymer–lipid hybrid systems, and polymer–drug/protein conjugates for improvement in efficacy of cancer therapeutics, has been widely explored. The broad scope for chemically modifying the polymer into desired construct makes it a versatile delivery system. Several polymer-based therapeutic NPs have been approved for clinical use. This review provides an insight into the advances in polymer-based targeted nanocarriers with focus on therapeutic aspects in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi H Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Vandana B Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Medha D Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
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Devulapally R, Paulmurugan R. Polymer nanoparticles for drug and small silencing RNA delivery to treat cancers of different phenotypes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:40-60. [PMID: 23996830 PMCID: PMC3865230 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have provided powerful and efficient tools in the development of cancer diagnosis and therapy. There are numerous nanocarriers that are currently approved for clinical use in cancer therapy. In recent years, biodegradable polymer nanoparticles have attracted a considerable attention for their ability to function as a possible carrier for target-specific delivery of various drugs, genes, proteins, peptides, vaccines, and other biomolecules in humans without much toxicity. This review will specifically focus on the recent advances in polymer-based nanocarriers for various drugs and small silencing RNA's loading and delivery to treat different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan Devulapally
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Renoir JM. Estradiol receptors in breast cancer cells: associated co-factors as targets for new therapeutic approaches. Steroids 2012; 77:1249-61. [PMID: 22917634 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) are nuclear receptors which transduce estradiol (E2) response in many tissues including the mammary gland and breast cancers (BC). They activate or inhibit specific genes involved in cell cycle progression and cell survival through multiple enzyme activities leading to malignant transformation. Hormone therapy (antiestrogens (AEs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been widely used to block the mitogenic action of E2 in patients with ER-positive BC. ERs act in concert with numerous other proteins outside and inside the nucleus where co-activators such as histone modifying enzymes help reaching optimum gene activation. Moreover, E2-mediated gene regulation can occur through ERs located at the plasma membrane or G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), triggering protein kinase signaling cascades. Classical AEs as well as AIs are inefficient to block the cascades of events emanating from the membrane and from E2 binding to GPER, leading patients to escape anti-hormone treatments and hormone therapy resistance. Many pathways are involved in resistance, mostly resulting from over-expression of growth factor membrane receptors, in particular the HER2/ErbB2 which can be inhibited by specific antibodies or tyrosine kinases inhibitors. Together with the Hsp90 molecular chaperone machinery, a complex interplay between ERs, co-activators, co-repressors and growth factor-activated membrane pathways represents potent targets which warrant to be manipulated alone and in combination to designing novel therapies. The discovery of new potential targets arising from micro array studies gives the opportunity to activate or inhibit different new ER-modulating effectors for innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Vedantham K, Swet JH, McKillop IH, El-Ghannam A. Evaluation of a bioresorbable drug delivery system for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:432-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lu T, Ma Y, Hu H, Chen Y, Zhao W, Chen T. Ethinylestradiol liposome preparation and its effects on ovariectomized rats’ osteoporosis. Drug Deliv 2011; 18:468-77. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.589085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Grobmyer SR, Morse DL, Fletcher B, Gutwein LG, Sharma P, Krishna V, Frost SC, Moudgil BM, Brown SC. The promise of nanotechnology for solving clinical problems in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103:317-325. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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El-Ghannam A, Ricci K, Malkawi A, Jahed K, Vedantham K, Wyan H, Allen LD, Dréau D. A ceramic-based anticancer drug delivery system to treat breast cancer. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:2701-2710. [PMID: 20644983 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems offer the advantage of sustained targeted release with minimal side effect. In the present study, the therapeutic efficacy of a porous silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) as a new delivery system for 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies showed that two formulations; SCPC50/5-FU and SCPC75/5-FU hybrids were very cytotoxic for 4T1 mammary tumor cells. In contrast, control SCPCs without drug did not show any measurable toxic effect. Release kinetics studies showed that SCPC75/5-FU hybrid provided a burst release of 5-FU in the first 24 h followed by a sustained release of a therapeutic dose (30.7 microg/day) of the drug for up to 32 days. Moreover, subcutaneous implantation of SCPC75/5-FU hybrid disk in an immunocompetent murine model of breast cancer stopped 4T1 tumor growth. Blood analyses showed comparable concentrations of Ca, P and Si in animals implanted with or without SCPC75 disks. These results strongly suggest that SCPC/5-FU hybrids can provide an effective treatment for solid tumors with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Ghannam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, DCH 177, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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Urbinati G, Audisio D, Marsaud V, Plassat V, Arpicco S, Sola B, Fattal E, Renoir JM. Therapeutic potential of new 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen-loaded pH-gradient liposomes in a multiple myeloma experimental model. Pharm Res 2009; 27:327-39. [PMID: 20033476 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the better liposomal formulation incorporating the active metabolite of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4HT) and the biological impact of 4HT-pH-gradient liposomes on response to in vivo treatment. METHODS Several pegylated liposomes were formulated by varying the composition of lipids, increasing external pH from 7.4 to 9.0 and doubling the lipid concentration. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine / cholesterol / distearoylphosphoethanolamine poly(ethylene)glycol liposomes (DL-9 liposomes) were chosen for their physico-chemical properties. Toxicity and release kinetics were assessed in breast cancer MCF-7 as well as in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. In vivo antitumor activity and bio-distribution were measured in the RPMI8226 MM model. RESULTS Compared to conventional non-pH-gradient liposomes, 4HT-DL-9 liposomes resulted in concentration of up to 1 mM 4HT, greater stability, relative toxicity and slow 4HT release. Intravenous injections of 4HT-DL-9 liposomes at 4 mg/kg/week blocked MM tumor growth. Ki67 and CD34 labeling decreased in treated tumors, concomitantly with increase of activated caspase-3 supporting a cell proliferation arrest, a decrease of tumor vasculature and the induction of tumor cell death. CONCLUSION This antitumor effect was assumed to be the result of a modified biodistribution of 4HT once trapped in DL-9 liposomes. Such 4HT-containing pH-gradient Stealth nanocarriers could be helpful for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Urbinati
- CNRS, UMR 8612, Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Laboratoire Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Anticancéreux, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
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Coadministration of nanosystems of short silencing RNAs targeting oestrogen receptor α and anti-oestrogen synergistically induces tumour growth inhibition in human breast cancer xenografts. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 122:145-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bouclier C, Moine L, Hillaireau H, Marsaud V, Connault E, Opolon P, Couvreur P, Fattal E, Renoir JM. Physicochemical Characteristics and Preliminary in Vivo Biological Evaluation of Nanocapsules Loaded with siRNA Targeting Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2881-90. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bouclier
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Moine
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Marsaud
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
| | - Elisabeth Connault
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
| | - Paule Opolon
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
| | - Jack-Michel Renoir
- Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612 and IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France, and Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UNR 8121, Villejuif, France
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Nguyen A, Marsaud V, Bouclier C, Top S, Vessieres A, Pigeon P, Gref R, Legrand P, Jaouen G, Renoir JM. Nanoparticles loaded with ferrocenyl tamoxifen derivatives for breast cancer treatment. Int J Pharm 2008; 347:128-35. [PMID: 17643877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, two organometallic triphenylethylene compounds (Fc-diOH and DFO), with strong antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cells, but insoluble in biological fluids, were incorporated in two types of stealth nanoparticles (NP): PEG/PLA nanospheres (NS) and nanocapsules (NC). Their physicochemical parameters were measured (size, zeta potential, encapsulation and loading efficiency), and their biological activity was assessed. In vitro drug release after high dilution of loaded NPs was measured by estradiol binding competition in MELN cells. The influence of the encapsulated drugs on the cell cycle and apoptosis was studied by flow cytometry analyses. Notwithstanding potential drug adsorption at the NP surface, Fc-diOH and DFO were incorporated efficiently in NC and NS, which slowly released both compounds. They arrested the cell cycle in the S-phase and induced apoptosis, whose activity is increased by loaded NS. A decrease in their antiproliferative activity by the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved. Therefore, nanosystems, containing for the first time a high load of anticancer organometallic triphenylethylenes, have been developed. Their small size and delayed drug release, combined with their enhanced apoptotic potential, are compatible with an increased persistence in the blood and a promising antitumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Nguyen
- Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie des complexes moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7576, école nationale supérieure de chimie de Paris, 11, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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Sola B, Renoir JM. Estrogenic or antiestrogenic therapies for multiple myeloma? Mol Cancer 2007; 6:59. [PMID: 17888187 PMCID: PMC2082328 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy which remains incurable due to both intrinsic and acquired resistance to conventional or more novel drugs. Estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds are very promising drugs for the treatment of MM. Indeed, they inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. They block cell cycle and/or induce apoptosis even in drug-resistant MM cells but not normal B cells. They interfere with survival pathways often deregulated in myelomas. They co-operate with conventional drugs to enhance apoptosis or to overcome resistance. In vivo, they act also on tumoral angiogenesis in xenograft models. As a whole, they possess all the criteria which render them attractive for a new therapeutic strategy. Importantly, they are well-tolerated at the doses tested in vitro or in vivo, encouraging the rapid onset of critical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Sola
- Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire de la signalisation, IFR 146, Université de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Jack-Michel Renoir
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire des anticancéreux, CNRS UMR 8612, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Université de Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Orsay, France
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