1
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Zhang G, Qin Q, Zhang C, Sun X, Kazama K, Yi B, Cheng F, Guo ZF, Sun J. NDRG1 Signaling Is Essential for Endothelial Inflammation and Vascular Remodeling. Circ Res 2023; 132:306-319. [PMID: 36562299 PMCID: PMC9898177 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NDRG-1 (N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1) is a member of NDRG family that plays essential roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and stress responses. Although the expression of NDRG1 is regulated by fluid shear stress, its roles in vascular biology remain poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to determine the functional significance of NDRG1 in vascular inflammation and remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS By using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the expression of NDRG1 is markedly increased in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells and in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. To determine the role of NDRG1 in endothelial activation, we performed loss-of-function studies using NDRG1 short hairpin RNA. Our results demonstrate that NDRG1 knockdown by lentivirus bearing NDRG1 short hairpin RNA substantially attenuates both IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α)-induced expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. Intriguingly, inhibition of NDRG1 also significantly attenuates the expression of procoagulant molecules, such as PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1) and TF (tissue factor), and increases the expression of TM (thrombomodulin) and t-PA (tissue-type plasminogen activator), thus exerting potent antithrombotic effects in endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we showed that NDRG1 interacts with orphan Nur77 (nuclear receptor) and functionally inhibits the transcriptional activity of Nur77 and NF-κB (nuclear factor Kappa B) in endothelial cells. Moreover, in NDRG1 knockdown cells, both cytokine-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, c-Jun phosphorylation, and AP-1 (activator protein 1) transcriptional activity are substantially inhibited. Neointima and atherosclerosis formation induced by carotid artery ligation and arterial thrombosis were markedly attenuated in endothelial cell-specific NDRG1 knockout mice compared with their wild-type littermates. CONCLUSIONS Our results for the first time identify NDRG1 as a critical mediator implicated in regulating endothelial inflammation, thrombotic responses, and vascular remodeling, and suggest that inhibition of NDRG1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory vascular diseases, such as atherothrombosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxin Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- the Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyosuke Kazama
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi-Fu Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Choi M, Lee SM, Lee JW, Kim I, Pack CG, Ha CH. Yeast beta-glucan mediates histone deacetylase 5-induced angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:556-567. [PMID: 35569678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of yeast-derived β-glucan in angiogenesis has not been elucidated because there have been few specific studies on its clinical and physiological significance. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation between β-glucan and histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), revealing the role of β-glucan in angiogenesis. We confirmed that HDAC5 was phosphorylated by β-glucan stimulation and released from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that β-glucan-stimulated HDAC5 translocation mediates the transcriptional activation of MEF2. As a result, the expression of KLF2, EGR2, and NR4A2, whose expression is MEF2-dependent and involved in angiogenesis, increased. Thus, we showed the activity of β-glucan in angiogenesis through in vitro and ex vivo assays including cell migration, tube formation, and aortic ring analyses. Specifically, application of an HDAC5 inhibitor repressed MEF2 transcriptional activation in both in vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis. HDAC5 inhibitor LMK235 inhibited the proangiogenic activity of beta-glucan, suggesting that β-glucan induces angiogenesis through HDAC5. These findings suggest that HDAC5 is essential for angiogenesis, and that β-glucan induces angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that β-glucan induces angiogenesis through HDAC5. It also suggests that β-glucan has potential value as a novel therapeutic agent for modulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Martínez-González J, Cañes L, Alonso J, Ballester-Servera C, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, Corrales I, Rodríguez C. NR4A3: A Key Nuclear Receptor in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Remodeling, and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111371. [PMID: 34768801 PMCID: PMC8583700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms committed in the activation and response of vascular and inflammatory immune cells play a major role in tissue remodeling in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiovascular remodeling entails interrelated cellular processes (proliferation, survival/apoptosis, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis/degradation, redox homeostasis, etc.) coordinately regulated by a reduced number of transcription factors. Nuclear receptors of the subfamily 4 group A (NR4A) have recently emerged as key master genes in multiple cellular processes and vital functions of different organs, and have been involved in a variety of high-incidence human pathologies including atherosclerosis and other CVDs. This paper reviews the major findings involving NR4A3 (Neuron-derived Orphan Receptor 1, NOR-1) in the cardiovascular remodeling operating in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martínez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.); (J.A.); (C.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-G.); (C.R.); Tel.: +34-93-5565896 (J.M.-G.); +34-93-5565897 (C.R.)
| | - Laia Cañes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.); (J.A.); (C.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.); (J.A.); (C.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Ballester-Servera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.); (J.A.); (C.B.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Corrales
- Laboratorio de Coagulopatías Congénitas, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRHSCSP), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-G.); (C.R.); Tel.: +34-93-5565896 (J.M.-G.); +34-93-5565897 (C.R.)
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4
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NR4A2 expression is not altered in placentas from cases of growth restriction or preeclampsia, but is reduced in hypoxic cytotrophoblast. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20670. [PMID: 34667209 PMCID: PMC8526588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 (NR4A2) transcripts are elevated in the circulation of individuals whose pregnancies are complicated by preterm fetal growth restriction (FGR). In this paper, we show that the cases with preeclampsia (PE) have increased circulating NR4A2 transcripts compared to those with normotensive FGR. We aimed to establish whether the dysfunctional placenta mirrors the increase in NR4A2 transcripts and further, to uncover the function of placental NR4A2. NR4A2 expression was detected in preterm and term placental tissue; expressed higher at term. NR4A2 mRNA expression and protein were not altered in placentas from preterm FGR or PE pregnancies. Hypoxia (1% O2 compared to 8% O2) significantly reduced cytotrophoblast NR4A2 mRNA expression, but not placental explant NR4A2 expression. Silencing cytotrophoblast NR4A2 expression under hypoxia (via short interfering (si)RNAs) did not alter angiogenic Placental Growth Factor, nor anti-angiogenic sFlt-1 mRNA expression or protein secretion, but increased expression of cellular antioxidant, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and growth genes. NR4A2 expression was also not altered in a model of tumour necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial dysfunction, or with pravastatin treatment. Further studies are required to identify the origin of the circulating transcripts in pathological pregnancies, and investigate the function of placental NR4A2.
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5
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Chinetti G, Neels JG. Roles of Nuclear Receptors in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6491. [PMID: 34204304 PMCID: PMC8235358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is defined as an inappropriate accumulation of calcium depots occurring in soft tissues, including the vascular wall. Growing evidence suggests that vascular calcification is an actively regulated process, sharing similar mechanisms with bone formation, implicating both inhibitory and inducible factors, mediated by osteoclast-like and osteoblast-like cells, respectively. This process, which occurs in nearly all the arterial beds and in both the medial and intimal layers, mainly involves vascular smooth muscle cells. In the vascular wall, calcification can have different clinical consequences, depending on the pattern, localization and nature of calcium deposition. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors widely expressed, activated by specific ligands that control the expression of target genes involved in a multitude of pathophysiological processes, including metabolism, cancer, inflammation and cell differentiation. Some of them act as drug targets. In this review we describe and discuss the role of different nuclear receptors in the control of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chinetti
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France;
| | - Jaap G. Neels
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
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6
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VEGF Contributes to Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Reversion of Nor1-Dependent Hypertrophy in iPS Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8888575. [PMID: 33927770 PMCID: PMC8053052 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8888575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is present in many heart diseases, representing a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Regarding therapeutic intervention, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested to significantly reduce cardiac hypertrophy and progression to heart failure. Preconditioning of MSCs was previously demonstrated to highly improve their paracrine activity resulting in modulation of immune responses and the progression of diseases. Here, we studied the effects of bone marrow-derived preconditioned MSCs on hypertrophied induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM) and also sought to identify MSC-derived antihypertrophic molecules. Phenylephrine (PE) was used to induce hypertrophy in murine iPS-CM, and markers of hypertrophy were identified by microarray analysis. Murine MSCs were treated with IFN-γ and IL-1β to enhance their paracrine activity, and transcriptional profiling was performed by microarray analysis. Hypertrophied iPS-CM were subsequently cocultured with preconditioned MSCs or MSC-conditioned medium (CM), respectively. Effects on hypertrophied iPS-CM were studied by cell area quantification, real-time PCR, and western blot. In some experiments, cells were incubated with fractions of MSC-CM obtained by ultrafiltration or by MSC-CM supplemented with inhibitory antibodies. Intracellular and extracellular levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated by western blot and ELISA. PE-induced hypertrophy in iPS-CM was associated with an upregulation of neuron-derived orphan receptor (Nor1) expression, activation of Akt, and inhibition of both strongly prevented hypertrophy induction in iPS-CM. VEGF secreted by preconditioned MSCs provoked hypertrophy regression in iPS-CM, and a negative correlation between Nor1 expression and hypertrophic growth could be evidenced. Our results demonstrate that Nor1 expression strongly supports hypertrophy in iPS-CM. Moreover, the secretome of preconditioned MSCs triggered regression of hypertrophy in iPS-CM in a VEGF-dependent manner. We suggest that the delivery of the MSC-derived secretome may represent a therapeutic strategy to limit cardiac hypertrophy. However, additional in vivo studies are needed to prove this hypothesis.
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7
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Song X, Sun N, Zhang A, Lei L, Li X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yang C, Zhang K. Association Between NR4A2 Gene Polymorphism and Depressive Symptoms and Antidepressant Effect. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2613-2623. [PMID: 34408421 PMCID: PMC8364372 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s319548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is still unclear, studies have shown that the dopaminergic system of depressed patients is defective, and that NR4A2 is an important transcription factor affecting the development and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. As such, NR4A2 levels affected by NR4A2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with MDD. This study examined whether NR4A2 SNPs are associated with depressive symptoms and antidepressant efficacy. METHODS A total of 441 patients with first-episode depression were enrolled in this study. We analysed three SNPs of NR4A2, using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and its four factors to obtain scores at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks. UNPHASED software was employed for quantitative character analysis, and SPSS software was adopted for antidepressant efficacy analysis. RESULTS Patients with rs12803-A exhibited higher scores of retardation symptoms. Patients with the rs834834-C allele and rs834834-CC genotype had higher retardation symptom scores. Patients with rs3769340 exhibited greater antidepressant efficacy. CONCLUSION NR4A2 gene polymorphisms are associated with retardation symptoms, somatic symptoms (gastro-intestinal), anxiety-based somatic symptoms, insight, and weight loss in patients with MDD. Additionally, rs3769340 may be a predictor of antidepressant efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhao L, Lei W, Deng C, Wu Z, Sun M, Jin Z, Song Y, Yang Z, Jiang S, Shen M, Yang Y. The roles of liver X receptor α in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4807-4828. [PMID: 33305467 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα; also known as NR1H3), an isoform of LXRs, is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and plays essential roles in the transcriptional control of cholesterol homeostasis. Previous in-depth phenotypic analyses of mouse models with deficient LXRα have also demonstrated various physiological functions of this receptor within inflammatory responses. LXRα activation exerts a combination of metabolic and anti-inflammatory actions resulting in the modulation and the amelioration of inflammatory disorders. The tight "repercussions" between LXRα and inflammation, as well as cholesterol homeostasis, have suggested that LXRα could be pharmacologically targeted in pathologies such as atherosclerosis, acute lung injury, and Alzheimer's disease. This review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of LXRα in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases, which will help in the design of future experimental researches on the potential of LXRα and advance the investigation of LXRα as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanbin Song
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Branch of National Clinical Reasearch Center of Geriatrics Disease, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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9
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Tu X, Chen X, Zhang D, Gao M, Liang J, Bao G, Zhang J, Peng S, Zhang X, Zeng Z, Su Y. Optimization of novel oxidative DIMs as Nur77 modulators of the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113020. [PMID: 33279290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor, is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Nur77 plays important roles in various biological processes. Previously we reported that BI1071(DIM-C-pPhCF3+MeSO3-), an oxidized form and methanesulfonate salt of (4-CF3-Ph-C-DIM), can modulate Nur77's non-genomic apoptotic pathway through that Nur77 translocated from the nucleus to mitochondria to induce cytochrome c releasing and promote apoptosis of cancer cell. Here we report our efforts to further optimize BI1071. A series of BI1071 analogs were designed, synthesized and their apoptosis potency was systematically evaluated. Our preliminary structure-activity relationship study identified compound 10b as a better modulator with strong binding to Nur77 and enhanced apoptotic activity. Binding studies demonstrated that 10b could bind to its target Nur77 with an affinity value of 33 nM. Furthermore, mechanism studies reveal that 10b acts as an anticancer agent by utilizing the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhuang Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Meichun Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Jingmei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Guoliang Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Shuangzhou Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China.
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361002, China; NucMito Pharmaceuticals, Xiamen 361000, China.
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10
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) pose a considerable health burden and at present are only managed surgically since there is no proven pharmacotherapy that will retard their expansion or reduce the incidence of fatal rupture. This pathology shares several pathophysiological mechanisms with atherosclerosis, such as macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and degradation of extracellular matrix. Therefore, therapeutic targets proven effective in the treatment of atherosclerosis could also be considered for treatment of AAA. Different members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily have been extensively studied as potential targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and therefore might also be suited for AAA treatment. In this context, this review summarizes the role of different NRs in CVD, mostly atherosclerosis, and discusses in detail the current knowledge of their implications in AAA. From this overview it becomes apparent that NRs that were attributed a beneficial or adverse role in CVD have similar roles in AAA. Together, this overview provides compelling evidence to consider several NRs as attractive targets for future treatment of AAA.
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11
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Zhu N, Zhang GX, Yi B, Guo ZF, Jang S, Yin Y, Yang F, Summer R, Sun J. Nur77 limits endothelial barrier disruption to LPS in the mouse lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L615-L624. [PMID: 31461311 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00425.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor implicated in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes, including the maintenance of systemic blood vessel homeostasis. Although Nur77 is known to be expressed in the lung, its role in regulating pulmonary vascular functions remains entirely unknown. In this study, we found that Nur77 is expressed at high levels in the lung, and its expression is markedly upregulated in response to LPS administration. While the pulmonary vasculature of mice that lacked Nur77 appeared to function normally under homeostatic conditions, we observed a dramatic decrease in its barrier functions after exposure to LPS, as demonstrated by an increase in serum proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and a reduction in the expression of endothelial junctional proteins, such as vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and β-catenin. Similarly, we found that siRNA knockdown of Nur77 in lung microvascular endothelial cells also reduced VE-cadherin and β-catenin expression and increased the quantity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran transporting across LPS-injured endothelial monolayers. Consistent with Nur77 playing a vascular protective role, we found that adenoviral-mediated overexpression of Nur77 both enhanced expression of VE-cadherin and β-catenin and augmented endothelial barrier protection to LPS in cultured cells. Mechanistically, Nur77 appeared to mediate its protective effects, at least in part, by binding to β-catenin and preventing its degradation. Our findings demonstrate a key role for Nur77 in the maintenance of lung endothelial barrier protection to LPS and suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at augmenting Nur77 levels might be effective in treating a wide variety of inflammatory vascular diseases of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan-Xin Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhi-Fu Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Soohwa Jang
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yongqiang Yin
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Mykicki N, Herrmann AM, Schwab N, Deenen R, Sparwasser T, Limmer A, Wachsmuth L, Klotz L, Köhrer K, Faber C, Wiendl H, Luger TA, Meuth SG, Loser K. Melanocortin-1 receptor activation is neuroprotective in mouse models of neuroinflammatory disease. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:362ra146. [PMID: 27797962 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf8732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In inflammation-associated progressive neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory infiltrates containing T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 cells cause demyelination and neuronal degeneration. Regulatory T cells (Treg) control the activation and infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the central nervous system (CNS). In MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, Treg function is impaired. We show that a recently approved drug, Nle4-d-Phe7-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH), induced functional Treg, resulting in amelioration of EAE progression in mice. NDP-MSH also prevented immune cell infiltration into the CNS by restoring the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. NDP-MSH exerted long-lasting neuroprotective effects in mice with EAE and prevented excitotoxic death and reestablished action potential firing in mouse and human neurons in vitro. Neuroprotection by NDP-MSH was mediated via signaling through the melanocortin-1 and orphan nuclear 4 receptors in mouse and human neurons. NDP-MSH may be of benefit in treating neuroinflammatory diseases such as relapsing-remitting MS and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mykicki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion-Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander M Herrmann
- Cells in Motion-Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - René Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Limmer
- Clinic for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Clinic of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Cells in Motion-Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple Sclerosis, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Cells in Motion-Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple Sclerosis, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas A Luger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion-Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Cells in Motion-Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple Sclerosis, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany. .,Cells in Motion-Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple Sclerosis, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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13
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Ruiter MS, Doornbos A, de Waard V, de Winter RJ, Attevelt NJM, Steendam R, de Vries CJM. Long-term effect of stents eluting 6-mercaptopurine in porcine coronary arteries. J Negat Results Biomed 2016; 15:20. [PMID: 27916002 PMCID: PMC5137209 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-016-0063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-eluting stents (DES) have dramatically reduced restenosis rates compared to bare metal stents and are widely used in coronary artery angioplasty. The anti-proliferative nature of the drugs reduces smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation effectively, but unfortunately also negatively affects endothelialization of stent struts, necessitating prolonged dual anti-platelet therapy. Cell-type specific therapy may prevent this complication, giving rise to safer stents that do not require additional medication. 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a drug with demonstrated cell-type specific effects on vascular cells both in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting proliferation of SMCs while promoting survival of endothelial cells. In rabbits, we demonstrated that DES locally releasing 6-MP during 4 weeks reduced in-stent stenosis by inhibiting SMC proliferation and reducing inflammation, without negatively affecting endothelialization of the stent surface. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 6-MP-eluting stents are similarly effective in preventing stenosis in porcine coronary arteries after 3 months, in order to assess the eligibility for human application. Methods 6-MP-eluting and polymer-only control stents (both n = 7) were implanted in porcine coronary arteries after local balloon injury to assess the effect of 6-MP on vascular lesion formation. Three months after implantation, stented coronary arteries were harvested and analyzed. Results Morphometric analyses revealed that stents were implanted reproducibly and with limited injury to the vessel wall. Unexpectedly, both in-stent stenosis (6-MP: 41.1 ± 10.3 %; control: 29.6 ± 5.9 %) and inflammation (6-MP: 2.14 ± 0.51; control: 1.43 ± 0.45) were similar between the groups after 3 months. Conclusion In conclusion, although 6-MP was previously found to potently inhibit SMC proliferation, reduce inflammation and promote endothelial cell survival, thereby effectively reducing in-stent restenosis in rabbits, stents containing 300 μg 6-MP did not reduce stenosis and inflammation in porcine coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs S Ruiter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Present address: Unit of Tissue Engineering, Monzino Cardiologic Center, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico J M Attevelt
- Central Laboratory Animal Research Facility, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Steendam
- InnoCore Pharmaceuticals, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Won HY, Hwang ES. Transcriptional modulation of regulatory T cell development by novel regulators NR4As. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1530-1536. [PMID: 27778276 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells with high expression of both CD25 and Foxp3 are developed in the thymus and also peripheral tissues. Treg cells suppress the activation and functions of effector T cells raised against specific antigens and are crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis. Treg cell development is associated with the induction of and epigenetic alterations of forkhead transcription factor Foxp3. Foxp3 expression is increased by the activation of several transcription factors including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), and Smad3 in response to various signals such as TGFβ, retinoic acid, and rapamycin. Recently, the orphan nuclear receptor 4A proteins (NR4As) including NR4A1 (Nur77), NR4A2 (Nurr1), and NR4A3 (Nor1) are reported to regulate Treg cell development through activation of Foxp3 and have therapeutic potentials in treating immune disorders. This review summarizes the function and regulatory mechanisms of Treg cells and also implicates current advances in immunomodulatory functions of NR4As and their therapeutic potentials in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Won
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Conway
- From the Department of Medicine, Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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16
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Safe S, Jin UH, Morpurgo B, Abudayyeh A, Singh M, Tjalkens RB. Nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) family - orphans no more. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 157:48-60. [PMID: 25917081 PMCID: PMC4618773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 are immediate early genes induced by multiple stressors, and the NR4A receptors play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease. There is increasing evidence for the role of these receptors in metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological functions and also in inflammation and inflammatory diseases and in immune functions and cancer. Despite the similarities of NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 and their interactions with common cis-genomic elements, they exhibit unique activities and cell-/tissue-specific functions. Although endogenous ligands for NR4A receptors have not been identified, there is increasing evidence that structurally-diverse synthetic molecules can directly interact with the ligand binding domain of NR4A1 and act as agonists or antagonists, and ligands for NR4A2 and NR4A3 have also been identified. Since NR4A receptors are key factors in multiple diseases, there are opportunities for the future development of NR4A ligands for clinical applications in treating multiple health problems including metabolic, neurologic and cardiovascular diseases, other inflammatory conditions, and cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Arthritis/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Ligands
- Metabolic Diseases/genetics
- Metabolic Diseases/metabolism
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Benjamin Morpurgo
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine, Texas A&M University, 670 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Ronald B Tjalkens
- Department of Toxicology and Neuroscience, Colorado State University, 1680Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
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17
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Jaghoori MM, Bleijlevens B, Olabarriaga SD. 1001 Ways to run AutoDock Vina for virtual screening. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:237-49. [PMID: 26897747 PMCID: PMC4801993 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale computing technologies have enabled high-throughput virtual screening involving thousands to millions of drug candidates. It is not trivial, however, for biochemical scientists to evaluate the technical alternatives and their implications for running such large experiments. Besides experience with the molecular docking tool itself, the scientist needs to learn how to run it on high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures, and understand the impact of the choices made. Here, we review such considerations for a specific tool, AutoDock Vina, and use experimental data to illustrate the following points: (1) an additional level of parallelization increases virtual screening throughput on a multi-core machine; (2) capturing of the random seed is not enough (though necessary) for reproducibility on heterogeneous distributed computing systems; (3) the overall time spent on the screening of a ligand library can be improved by analysis of factors affecting execution time per ligand, including number of active torsions, heavy atoms and exhaustiveness. We also illustrate differences among four common HPC infrastructures: grid, Hadoop, small cluster and multi-core (virtual machine on the cloud). Our analysis shows that these platforms are suitable for screening experiments of different sizes. These considerations can guide scientists when choosing the best computing platform and set-up for their future large virtual screening experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Jaghoori
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boris Bleijlevens
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silvia D. Olabarriaga
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Yang P, Wei X, Zhang J, Yi B, Zhang GX, Yin L, Yang XF, Sun J. Antithrombotic Effects of Nur77 and Nor1 Are Mediated Through Upregulating Thrombomodulin Expression in Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:361-9. [PMID: 26634653 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thrombomodulin is highly expressed on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and possesses potent anticoagulant, antifibrinolytic, and anti-inflammatory activities in the vessel wall. However, the regulation of thrombomodulin expression in ECs remains largely unknown. APPROACHES AND RESULTS In this study, we characterized nuclear receptor 4A family as a novel regulator of thrombomodulin expression in vascular ECs. We demonstrated that both nuclear receptors 4A, Nur77 and Nor1, robustly increase thrombomodulin mRNA and protein levels in human vascular ECs and in mouse liver tissues after adenovirus-mediated transduction of Nur77 and Nor1 cDNAs. Moreover, Nur77 deficiency and knockdown of Nur77 and Nor1 expression markedly attenuated the basal and vascular endothelial growth factor165-stimulated thrombomodulin expression. Mechanistically, we found that Nur77 and Nor1 increase thrombomodulin expression by acting through 2 different mechanisms. We showed that Nur77 barely affects thrombomodulin promoter activity, but significantly increases thrombomodulin mRNA stability, whereas Nor1 enhances thrombomodulin expression mainly through induction of Kruppel-like factors 2 and 4 in vascular ECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both Nur77 and Nor1 significantly increase protein C activity and inhibit tumor necrosis factor α-induced prothrombotic effects in human ECs. Deficiency of Nur77 increases susceptibility to arterial thrombosis, whereas enhanced expression of Nur77 and Nor1 protects mice from arterial thrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified nuclear receptors 4A as novel regulators of thrombomodulin expression and function in vascular ECs and provided a proof-of-concept demonstration that targeted increasing expression of Nur77 and Nor1 in the vascular endothelium might represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (P.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.Y., X.W., B.Y., G-.X.Z.,L.Y., J.S.); and Centers of Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (X-.F.Y.)
| | - Xin Wei
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (P.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.Y., X.W., B.Y., G-.X.Z.,L.Y., J.S.); and Centers of Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (X-.F.Y.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (P.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.Y., X.W., B.Y., G-.X.Z.,L.Y., J.S.); and Centers of Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (X-.F.Y.)
| | - Bing Yi
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (P.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.Y., X.W., B.Y., G-.X.Z.,L.Y., J.S.); and Centers of Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (X-.F.Y.)
| | - Guan-Xin Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (P.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.Y., X.W., B.Y., G-.X.Z.,L.Y., J.S.); and Centers of Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (X-.F.Y.)
| | - Litian Yin
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (P.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.Y., X.W., B.Y., G-.X.Z.,L.Y., J.S.); and Centers of Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (X-.F.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (P.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.Y., X.W., B.Y., G-.X.Z.,L.Y., J.S.); and Centers of Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (X-.F.Y.)
| | - Jianxin Sun
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (P.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.Y., X.W., B.Y., G-.X.Z.,L.Y., J.S.); and Centers of Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (X-.F.Y.).
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19
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Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 affects cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis and adverse cardiac remodelling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15404. [PMID: 26486271 PMCID: PMC4613907 DOI: 10.1038/srep15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct stressors may induce heart failure. As compensation, β-adrenergic stimulation enhances myocardial contractility by elevating cardiomyocyte intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). However, chronic β-adrenergic stimulation promotes adverse cardiac remodelling. Cardiac expression of nuclear receptor Nur77 is enhanced by β-adrenergic stimulation, but its role in cardiac remodelling is still unclear. We show high and rapid Nur77 upregulation in cardiomyocytes stimulated with β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Nur77 knockdown in culture resulted in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Ventricular cardiomyocytes from Nur77-deficient (Nur77-KO) mice exhibited elevated diastolic and systolic [Ca2+]i and prolonged action potentials compared to wild type (WT). In vivo, these differences resulted in larger cardiomyocytes, increased expression of hypertrophic genes, and more cardiac fibrosis in Nur77-KO mice upon chronic isoproterenol stimulation. In line with the observed elevated [Ca2+]i, Ca2+-activated phosphatase calcineurin was more active in Nur77-KO mice compared to WT. In contrast, after cardiac pressure overload by aortic constriction, Nur77-KO mice exhibited attenuated remodelling compared to WT. Concluding, Nur77-deficiency results in significantly altered cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and distinct remodelling outcome depending on the type of insult. Detailed knowledge on the role of Nur77 in maintaining cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis and the dual role Nur77 plays in cardiac remodelling will aid in developing personalized therapies against heart failure.
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20
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HE KUN, DAI ZHUOYA, LI PEIZHI, ZHU XIWEN, GONG JIANPING. Association between liver X receptor-α and neuron-derived orphan nuclear receptor-1 in Kupffer cells of C57BL/6 mice during inflammation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6098-104. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Inhibits Cardiac Hypertrophic Response to Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation. Mol Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26195821 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00229-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 plays critical roles in cardiovascular diseases, and its expression is markedly induced in the heart after beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation. However, the functional significance of Nur77 in β-AR signaling in the heart remains unclear. By using Northern blot, Western blot, and immunofluorescent staining assays, we showed that Nur77 expression was markedly upregulated in cardiomyocytes in response to multiple hypertrophic stimuli, including isoproterenol (ISO), phenylephrine (PE), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). In a time- and dose-dependent manner, ISO increases Nur77 expression in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Nur77 markedly inhibited ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inducing nuclear translocation of Nur77 in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, cardiac overexpression of Nur77 by intramyocardial injection of Ad-Nur77 substantially inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after chronic infusion of ISO in mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Nur77 functionally interacts with NFATc3 and GATA4 and inhibits their transcriptional activities, which are critical for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. These results demonstrate for the first time that Nur77 is a novel negative regulator for the β-AR-induced cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting the NFATc3 and GATA4 transcriptional pathways. Targeting Nur77 may represent a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for preventing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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22
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Kurakula K, Vos M, Logiantara A, Roelofs JJ, Nieuwenhuis MA, Koppelman GH, Postma DS, van Rijt LS, de Vries CJM. Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Attenuates Airway Inflammation in Mice by Suppressing NF-κB Activity in Lung Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1388-98. [PMID: 26170382 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by persistent chronic airway inflammation, which leads to mucus hypersecretion and airway hyperresponsiveness. Nuclear receptor Nur77 plays a pivotal role in distinct immune and inflammatory cells and is expressed in eosinophils and lung epithelium. However, the role of Nur77 in allergic airway inflammation has not been studied so far. In the present study, we determined the role of Nur77 in airway inflammation using a murine model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation. We found that OVA-challenged Nur77 knockout (KO) mice show significantly enhanced infiltration of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils and lymphocytes, and aggravated mucus production. The infiltration of macrophages is limited in this model and was similar in wild-type and Nur77 KO mice. Higher levels of Th2 cytokines were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and draining lymph node cells of Nur77-KO mice, as well as increased serum IgG1 and IgG2a levels. Knockdown of Nur77 in human lung epithelial cells resulted in a marked increase in IκBα phosphorylation, corresponding with elevated NF-κB activity, whereas Nur77 overexpression decreased NF-κB activity. Consistently, Nur77 significantly decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and Muc5ac expression and also attenuated mucus production in lung epithelial cells. To further corroborate these findings, we searched for association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Nur77 gene with asthma and with the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We identified three Nur77 single nucleotide polymorphisms showing association with severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma patients. Collectively, these findings support a protective role of Nur77 in OVA-induced airway inflammation and identify Nur77 as a novel therapeutic target for airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris J Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje A Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, and Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Leonie S van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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23
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Kon T, Miki Y, Tanji K, Mori F, Tomiyama M, Toyoshima Y, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Utsumi J, Sasaki H, Wakabayashi K. Localization of nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3 (NR4A3) in Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy. Neuropathology 2015; 35:503-9. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
- Department of Neurology; Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital; Aomori Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology; Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital; Aomori Japan
| | - Yasuko Toyoshima
- Department of Pathology; Center for Bioresource-based Researches; Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata; Niigata Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathological Neuroscience; Center for Bioresource-based Researches; Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata; Niigata Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology; Center for Bioresource-based Researches; Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata; Niigata Japan
| | - Jun Utsumi
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Hidenao Sasaki
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
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24
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De Paoli F, Eeckhoute J, Copin C, Vanhoutte J, Duhem C, Derudas B, Dubois-Chevalier J, Colin S, Zawadzki C, Jude B, Haulon S, Lefebvre P, Staels B, Chinetti-Gbaguidi G. The neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is induced upon human alternative macrophage polarization and stimulates the expression of markers of the M2 phenotype. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:18-26. [PMID: 25941992 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which macrophages play a crucial role. Macrophages are present in different phenotypes, with at the extremes of the spectrum the classical M1 pro-inflammatory and the alternative M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages. The neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1), together with Nur77 and Nurr1, are members of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor family, expressed in human atherosclerotic lesion macrophages. However, the role of NOR1 in human macrophages has not been studied yet. OBJECTIVES To determine the expression and the functions of NOR1 in human alternative macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro IL-4 polarization of primary monocytes into alternative M2 macrophages enhances NOR1 expression in human but not in mouse macrophages. Moreover, NOR1 expression is most abundant in CD68+MR+ alternative macrophage-enriched areas of human atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Silencing NOR1 in human alternative macrophages decreases the expression of several M2 markers such as the Mannose Receptor (MR), Interleukin-1 Receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), CD200 Receptor (CD200R), coagulation factor XIII A1 polypeptide (F13A1), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)γ. Bioinformatical analysis identified F13A1, IL-1Ra, IL-10 and the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) as potential target genes of NOR1 in human alternative macrophages. Moreover, expression and enzymatic activity of MMP9 are induced by silencing and repressed by NOR1 overexpression in M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These data identify NOR1 as a transcription factor induced during alternative differentiation of human macrophages and demonstrate that NOR1 modifies the alternative macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Paoli
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Eeckhoute
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Copin
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Vanhoutte
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Duhem
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - B Derudas
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Dubois-Chevalier
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - S Colin
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Zawadzki
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - B Jude
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - S Haulon
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - P Lefebvre
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - B Staels
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - G Chinetti-Gbaguidi
- Université Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM, U 1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), "Aging and Diabetes" team, France; University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital, Nice, France
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25
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Huo Y, Yi B, Chen M, Wang N, Chen P, Guo C, Sun J. Induction of Nur77 by hyperoside inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal formation. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:590-8. [PMID: 25316569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor that belongs to the nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) subfamily, which has been implicated in a variety of biological events, such as cell apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and metabolism. Activation of Nur77 has recently been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study is to identify novel natural Nur77 activators and investigate their roles in preventing vascular diseases. By measuring Nur77 expression using quantitative RT-PCR, we screened active ingredients extracted from Chinese herb medicines with beneficial cardiovascular effects. Hyperoside (quercetin 3-D-galactoside) was identified as one of the potent activators for inducing Nur77 expression and activating its transcriptional activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We demonstrated that hyperoside, in a time and dose dependent manner, markedly increased the expression of Nur77 in rat VSMCs, with an EC50 of ∼0.83 μM. Mechanistically, we found that hyperoside significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase and its downstream target cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), both of which contributed to the hyperoside-induced Nur77 expression in rat VSMCs. Moreover, through activation of Nur77 receptor, hyperoside markedly inhibited both vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and the carotid artery ligation-induced neointimal formation in vivo. These findings demonstrate that hyperoside is a potent natural activator of Nur77 receptor, which can be potentially used for prevention and treatment of occlusive vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Primers
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/biosynthesis
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Quercetin/analogs & derivatives
- Quercetin/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Nadan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Pengguo Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA.
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26
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: nuclear hormone receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1652-75. [PMID: 24528240 PMCID: PMC3892290 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. Nuclear hormone receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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27
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Qin Q, Chen M, Yi B, You X, Yang P, Sun J. Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is a novel negative regulator of endothelin-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:20-8. [PMID: 25284689 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) produced by vascular endothelial cells plays essential roles in the regulation of vascular tone and development of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to identify novel regulators implicated in the regulation of ET-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). By using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we show that either ectopic expression of orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 or pharmacological activation of Nur77 by 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) substantially inhibits ET-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), under both basal and thrombin-stimulated conditions. Furthermore, thrombin-stimulated ET expression is significantly augmented in both Nur77 knockdown ECs and aort from Nur77 knockout mice, suggesting that Nur77 is a negative regulator of ET-1 expression. Inhibition of ET-1 expression by Nur77 occurs at gene transcriptional levels, since Nur77 potently inhibits ET-1 promoter activity, without affecting ET-1 mRNA stability. As shown in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), Nur77 overexpression markedly inhibits both basal and thrombin-stimulated transcriptional activity of AP-1. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Nur77 specially interacts with c-Jun and inhibits AP-1 dependent c-Jun promoter activity, which leads to a decreased expression of c-Jun, a critical component involved in both AP-1 transcriptional activity and ET-1 expression in ECs. These findings demonstrate that Nur77 is a novel negative regulator of ET-1 expression in vascular ECs through an inhibitory interaction with the c-Jun/AP-1 pathway. Activation of Nur77 may represent a useful therapeutic strategy for preventing certain cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary artery hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xiaohua You
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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28
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Campos-Melo D, Galleguillos D, Sánchez N, Gysling K, Andrés ME. Nur transcription factors in stress and addiction. Front Mol Neurosci 2013; 6:44. [PMID: 24348325 PMCID: PMC3844937 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nur transcription factors Nur77 (NGFI-B, NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2), and Nor-1 (NR4A3) are a sub-family of orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. These transcription factors are products of immediate early genes, whose expression is rapidly and transiently induced in the central nervous system by several types of stimuli. Nur factors are present throughout the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis where are prominently induced in response to stress. Drugs of abuse and stress also induce the expression of Nur factors in nuclei of the motivation/reward circuit of the brain, indicating their participation in the process of drug addiction and in non-hypothalamic responses to stress. Repeated use of addictive drugs and chronic stress induce long-lasting dysregulation of the brain motivation/reward circuit due to reprogramming of gene expression and enduring alterations in neuronal function. Here, we review the data supporting that Nur transcription factors are key players in the molecular basis of the dysregulation of neuronal circuits involved in chronic stress and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Campos-Melo
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Danny Galleguillos
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Sánchez
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Gysling
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - María E Andrés
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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29
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Abstract
The nuclear receptor superfamily includes many receptors, identified based on their similarity to steroid hormone receptors but without a known ligand. The study of how these receptors are diversely regulated to interact with genomic regions to control a plethora of biological processes has provided critical insight into development, physiology, and the molecular pathology of disease. Here we provide a compendium of these so-called orphan receptors and focus on what has been learned about their modes of action, physiological functions, and therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Mullican
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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30
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Gissendanner CR, Cardin D, Dubose CJ, El Sayed M, Harmson JS, Praslicka B, Rowan BG. C. elegans nuclear receptor NHR-6 functionally interacts with the jun-1 transcription factor during spermatheca development. Genesis 2013; 52:29-38. [PMID: 24178943 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The NR4A nuclear receptor NHR-6 is an essential regulator of spermatheca organogenesis in C. elegans. In this study, we perform a focused, RNAi-based screen to identify modifiers of partial nhr-6 loss of function. Ninety-eight genes that encode signaling proteins expressed in the spermatheca were screened for enhancement of the nhr-6 RNAi phenotype. We identify the C. elegans gene jun-1, which encodes the homolog of the Jun transcription factor, as a strong enhancer of nhr-6 partial loss of function. We show that nhr-6 and jun-1 function together to regulate development of the spermatheca and are necessary for generating an organ with the normal number of cells. jun-1 is expressed in all cells of the developing spermatheca. We also provide evidence that NHR-6 and JUN-1 can physically interact in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Our results provide in vivo evidence that NR4A nuclear receptor and Jun transcription factor interactions are essential in regulating developmental processes in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Gissendanner
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, 71209
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31
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Limited role of nuclear receptor Nur77 in Escherichia coli-induced peritonitis. Infect Immun 2013; 82:253-64. [PMID: 24166953 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00721-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor Nur77 (NR4A1, TR3, or NGFI-B) has been shown to play an anti-inflammatory role in macrophages, which have a crucial function in defense against peritonitis. The function of Nur77 in Escherichia coli-induced peritoneal sepsis has not yet been investigated. Wild-type and Nur77-knockout mice were inoculated with E. coli, and bacterial outgrowth, cell recruitment, cytokine profiles, and tissue damage were investigated. We found only a minor transient decrease in bacterial loads in lung and liver of Nur77-knockout compared to wild-type mice at 14 h postinfection, yet no changes were found in the peritoneal lavage fluid or blood. No differences in inflammatory cytokine levels or neutrophil/macrophage numbers were observed, and bacterial loads were equal in wild-type and Nur77-knockout mice at 20 h postinfection in all body compartments tested. Also, isolated peritoneal macrophages did not show any differences in cytokine expression patterns in response to E. coli. In endothelial cells, Nur77 strongly downregulated both protein and mRNA expression of claudin-5, VE-cadherin, occludin, ZO-1, and β-catenin, and accordingly, these genes were upregulated in lungs of Nur77-deficient mice. Functional permeability tests pointed toward a strong role for Nur77 in endothelial barrier function. Indeed, tissue damage in E. coli-induced peritonitis was notably modulated by Nur77; liver necrosis and plasma aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT)/alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels were lower in Nur77-knockout mice. These data suggest that Nur77 does not play a role in the host response to E. coli in the peritoneal and blood compartments. However, Nur77 does modulate bacterial influx into the organs via increased vascular permeability, thereby aggravating distant organ damage.
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32
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To understand chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, we require in-depth knowledge on immune-cell differentiation, function of specific immune-cell subsets and endothelial cell-mediated extravasation. In this review, we summarize a number of very recent observations on the pivotal function of NR4A nuclear receptors in immunity and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS NR4A nuclear receptors are involved in negative selection of thymocytes, Treg differentiation and the development of Ly6C monocytes. Nur77 and Nurr1 attenuate atherosclerosis in mice whereas NOR-1 aggravates vascular lesion formation. SUMMARY These exciting, novel insights on the function of NR4A nuclear receptors in immunity, vascular cells and atherosclerosis will initiate a plethora of studies to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, which will culminate in the identification of novel NR4A targets to modulate chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A.J. Hamers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Richard N. Hanna
- Division of inflammatory Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Heba Nowyhed
- Division of inflammatory Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Division of inflammatory Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Carlie J.M. de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
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33
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McMorrow JP, Crean D, Gogarty M, Smyth A, Connolly M, Cummins E, Veale D, Fearon U, Tak PP, Fitzgerald O, Murphy EP. Tumor necrosis factor inhibition modulates thrombospondin-1 expression in human inflammatory joint disease through altered NR4A2 activity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1243-1257. [PMID: 23933487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined thrombospondin-1 (THBS1, alias TSP-1) expression in human synovial tissue (ST) during the resolution phase of chronic inflammation and elucidated its transcriptional regulation by the orphan receptor 4A2 (NR4A2). In vivo, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) serum and ST revealed altered expression levels and tissue distribution of TSP-1. After anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, a reciprocal relationship between TSP-1 and NR4A2 expression levels was measured in patients with clinical and ST responses to biological treatment. In vitro, primary RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) expressed minimal TSP-1 mRNA levels with high transcript levels of NR4A2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and IL-8 measured. Hypoxic modulation of RA FLSs resulted in inverse expression levels of TSP-1 compared with NR4A2, IL-8, and VEGF. Ectopic NR4A2 expression led to reduced TSP-1 mRNA and protein levels with concomitant increases in proangiogenic mediators. NR4A2 transcriptional activity, independent of DNA binding, repressed the hTSP-1 promoter leading to reduced mRNA and protein release in immortalized K4IM FLSs. Bioinformatic and deletion studies identified a 5' region of the TSP-1 promoter repressed by NR4A2 and proangiogenic transcription factors, including NF-κB and Ets1/2. Stable depletion of NR4A2 levels resulted in a shift in the TSP-1/VEGF expression ratio. Thus, modulation of TSP-1 expression is achieved through anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy effects on specific transcriptional networks, suggesting that enhanced TSP-1 expression may help restore tissue homeostasis during resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P McMorrow
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Daniel Crean
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Martina Gogarty
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Aisling Smyth
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Mary Connolly
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Cummins
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Douglas Veale
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul P Tak
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Fitzgerald
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evelyn P Murphy
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland; Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland.
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Kurakula K, Hamers AAJ, de Waard V, de Vries CJM. Nuclear Receptors in atherosclerosis: a superfamily with many 'Goodfellas'. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:71-84. [PMID: 22664910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptors form a superfamily of 48 transcription factors that exhibit a plethora of functions in steroid hormone signaling, regulation of metabolism, circadian rhythm and cellular differentiation. In this review, we describe our current knowledge on the role of Nuclear Receptors in atherosclerosis, which is a multifactorial disease of the vessel wall. Various cell types are involved in this chronic inflammatory pathology in which multiple cellular processes and numerous genes are dysregulated. Systemic risk factors for atherosclerosis are among others adverse blood lipid profiles, enhanced circulating cytokine levels, as well as increased blood pressure. Since many Nuclear Receptors modulate lipid profiles or regulate blood pressure they indirectly affect atherosclerosis. In the present review, we focus on the functional involvement of Nuclear Receptors within the atherosclerotic vessel wall, more specifically on their modulation of cellular functions in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Collectively, this overview shows that most of the Nuclear Receptors are athero-protective in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yin H, Lo JH, Kim JY, Marsh EE, Kim JJ, Ghosh AK, Bulun S, Chakravarti D. Expression profiling of nuclear receptors identifies key roles of NR4A subfamily in uterine fibroids. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:726-40. [PMID: 23550059 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs), also known as uterine leiomyomas, are benign, fibrotic smooth muscle tumors. Although the GnRH analog leuprolide acetate that suppresses gonadal steroid hormones is used as a treatment, it has significant side effects, thereby limiting its use. Availability of more effective therapy is limited because of a lack of understanding of molecular underpinnings of the disease. Although ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone and their receptors are clearly involved, the role of other nuclear receptors (NRs) in UFs is not well defined. We used quantitative real-time PCR to systematically profile the expression of 48 NRs and identified several NRs that were aberrantly expressed in UFs. Among others, expression of NR4A subfamily members including NGFIB (NR4A1), NURR1 (NR4A2), and NOR1 (NR4A3) were dramatically suppressed in leiomyoma compared with the matched myometrium. Restoration of expression of each of these NR4A members in the primary leiomyoma smooth muscle cells decreased cell proliferation. Importantly, NR4As regulate expressions of the profibrotic factors including TGFβ3 and SMAD3, and several collagens that are key components of the extracellular matrix. Finally, we identify NR4A members as targets of leuprolide acetate treatment. Together, our results implicate several NRs including the NR4A subfamily in leiomyoma etiology and identify NR4As as potential therapeutic targets for treating fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Yin
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Dual function of Pin1 in NR4A nuclear receptor activation: enhanced activity of NR4As and increased Nur77 protein stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1894-904. [PMID: 22789442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nur77, Nurr1 and NOR-1 form the NR4A subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily and have been shown to regulate various biological processes among which are cell survival and differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation and metabolism. These nuclear receptors have been proposed to act in a ligand-independent manner and we aim to gain insight in the regulation of NR4A activity. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a novel binding partner of NR4As, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Pin1 enhances the transcriptional activity of all three NR4A nuclear receptors and increases protein stability of Nur77 through inhibition of its ubiquitination. Enhanced transcriptional activity of NR4As requires the WW-domain of Pin1 that interacts with the N-terminal transactivation domain and the DNA-binding domain of Nur77. Most remarkably, this enhanced activity is independent of Pin1 isomerase activity. A systematic mutation analysis of all 17 Ser/Thr-Pro-motifs in Nur77 revealed that Pin1 enhances protein stability of Nur77 in an isomerase-dependent manner by acting on phosphorylated Nur77 involving protein kinase CK2-mediated phosphorylation of the Ser(152)-Pro(153) motif in Nur77. Given the role of Nur77 in vascular disease and metabolism, this novel regulation mechanism provides perspectives to manipulate Nur77 activity to attenuate these processes.
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Veum VL, Dankel SN, Gjerde J, Nielsen HJ, Solsvik MH, Haugen C, Christensen BJ, Hoang T, Fadnes DJ, Busch C, Våge V, Sagen JV, Mellgren G. The nuclear receptors NUR77, NURR1 and NOR1 in obesity and during fat loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:1195-202. [PMID: 22143616 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is critical for systemic metabolic health. Identifying key factors regulating adipose tissue function is a research priority. The NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors (NRs) (NR4A1/NUR77, NR4A2/NURR1 and NR4A3/NOR1) has emerged as important proteins in different disease states and in the regulation of metabolic tissues, particularly in liver and muscle. However, the expression of the NR4A members in human adipose tissue has not previously been described, and their target genes are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the NR4As are differentially expressed in human adipose tissue in obesity, and identify potential NR4A target genes. DESIGN Prospective analysis of s.c. adipose tissue before and 1 year after fat loss, and during in vitro differentiation of primary human preadipocytes. Case-control comparison of omental (OM) adipose tissue. SUBJECTS A total of 13 extremely obese patients undergoing biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch for fat loss, 12 extremely obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and 37 lean individuals undergoing hernia repair or laparotomy were included in the study. Measurements were done by quantitative PCR gene expression analysis of the NR4A members and in silico promoter analysis based on microarray data. RESULTS There was a strong upregulation of the NR4As in extreme obesity and normalization after fat loss. The NR4As were expressed at the highest level in stromal-vascular fraction compared with adipocytes, but were downregulated in both fractions after fat loss. Their expression levels were also significantly higher in OM compared with s.c. adipocytes in obesity. The NR4As were downregulated during differentiation of primary human preadipocytes. Moreover, the NR4As were strongly induced within 30 min of tissue incubation. Finally, promoter analysis revealed potential NR4A target genes involved in stress response, immune response, development and other functions. Our data show altered adipose tissue expression of the NR4As in obesity, suggesting that these stress responsive nuclear receptors may modulate pathogenic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Veum
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Berrabah W, Aumercier P, Lefebvre P, Staels B. Control of nuclear receptor activities in metabolism by post-translational modifications. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1640-50. [PMID: 21486568 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are molecular transducers of endocrine and dietary signals allowing tissues to adapt their transcriptional responses to endogenous or exogenous cues. These signals act in many cases as specific ligands, converting of NRs into transcriptionally active molecules. This on-off mechanism needs, however, to be finely tuned with respect to the tissue environment and adjusted to the organism needs. These subtle adjustments of NR transcriptional activity are brought about by post-translational modifications (PTMs), which can be, in the case of orphan NRs, the sole regulatory mechanism. The role of PTMs, with a more specific focus on phosphorylation, affecting the functions of NR controlling metabolic events is described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahiba Berrabah
- Université Lille Nord de France, INSERM, U1011, Lille, France
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