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Wang F, Eikeland E, Reidunsdatter RJ, Hagen L, Engstrøm MJ, Geisler J, Haanpää M, Hämäläinen E, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF. Quantification of multiple steroid hormones in serum and human breast cancer tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1383104. [PMID: 38863629 PMCID: PMC11165045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1383104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic and local steroid hormone levels may function as novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer patients. We aimed at developing a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of multiple, biologically pivotal steroid hormones in human serum and breast cancer tissue. Methods The quantitative method consisted of liquid-liquid extraction, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography for tissue extracts, and analysis of steroid hormones by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We analyzed serum and tissue steroid hormone levels in 16 and 40 breast cancer patients, respectively, and assessed their correlations with clinical parameters. Results The method included quantification of nine steroid hormones in serum [including cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione (A4), testosterone and progesterone) and six (including cortisone, corticosterone, E1, E2, A4, and testosterone) in cancer tissue. The lower limits of quantification were between 0.003-10 ng/ml for serum (250 µl) and 0.038-125 pg/mg for tissue (20 mg), respectively. Accuracy was between 98%-126%, intra-assay coefficient of variations (CV) was below 15%, and inter-assay CV were below 11%. The analytical recoveries for tissue were between 76%-110%. Tissue levels of E1 were positively correlated with tissue E2 levels (p<0.001), and with serum levels of E1, E2 and A4 (p<0.01). Tissue E2 levels were positively associated with serum E1 levels (p=0.02), but not with serum E2 levels (p=0.12). The levels of tissue E2 and ratios of E1 to A4 levels (an index for aromatase activity) were significantly higher in patients with larger tumors (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions The method was convenient and suitable for a specific and accurate profiling of clinically important steroid hormones in serum. However, the sensitivity of the profile method in steroid analysis in tissue samples is limited, but it can be used for the analysis of steroids in breast cancer tissues if the size of the sample or its steroid content is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Breast and Endocrine of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eline Eikeland
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi J. Reidunsdatter
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica J. Engstrøm
- Department of Breast and Endocrine of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway & Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikko Haanpää
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Guro F. Giskeødegård
- Department of Breast and Endocrine of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F. Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Kaneko H, Matsuoka H, Ishige T, Kobayashi H, Higashi T. Derivatization procedure of estradiol with a combination of MPDNP-F and 4-dimethylaminopyridine to generate product ion containing estradiol-skeleton for reliable determination of its serum/plasma concentrations by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:597-608. [PMID: 38082136 PMCID: PMC10761386 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The quantification of serum/plasma estradiol (E2) is useful for the diagnosis, pathological analysis, and monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of estrogen-dependent diseases. In this study, an improved derivatization method using 1-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperazinium iodide (MPDNP-F) was developed and combined with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) for the sensitive and specific quantification of the serum/plasma E2. In the new method, the reaction time was reduced to 15 min from 90 min (two-step reaction in the previous method) by the direct reaction of MPDNP-F with E2 at 60°C in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). DMAP served as the organic catalyst and had a less negative effect on the LC/ESI-MS/MS instrument compared to the non-volatile inorganic salt (NaHCO3), which was used in the previous method. The collision-induced dissociation of the molecular cation ([M]+) of the resulting derivative provided a product ion containing the E2-skeleton ([M-NO2-H]+), which significantly enhanced the assay sensitivity and specificity; compared to the dansyl chloride derivatization, which is the currently most-used derivatization procedure for the LC/ESI-MS/MS assays of E2, the MPDNP-F derivatization had significantly fewer interfering peaks and a clear and flat baseline in the serum sample analysis. The MPDNP-F derivatization-LC/ESI-MS/MS method enabled the precise and accurate quantification of E2 even at a 5.0 pg/mL concentration (lower limit of quantification) with a small sample volume (100 μL of serum/plasma) and had a tolerance for the matrix effect. This method was also proven to serve as a more sensitive and specific alternative to the clinically used chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Kaneko
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsuoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishige
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, Chiba, Japan.
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3
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Gent R, Barbier ID, Atkin SL, Newell-Fugate AE, Swart AC. Ultra-performance convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones in southern white rhinoceros(Ceratotherium simum simum) faeces and serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123576. [PMID: 36529070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormone analysis is routinely undertaken in the assessment of stress response and reproductive function in the management of both captive and free-ranging wildlife species. Faecal samples have become the preferred sample type for analysis as collection is non-invasive and easily assessable. These investigations are generally aimed at aiding successful translocations, enhanced survival outcomes in captivity and improvement of reproductive rate. Immunoassays are the most common approach in the analysis of hormones, particularly in the case of the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Non-specificity, attributed to structural similarity of steroid metabolites impedes accurate evaluations which can be eliminated by chromatographic techniques which are more specific, selective and provide comprehensive analyses. This study developed and validated three methods using ultra-performance convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the assessment of classical androgens, progestogens and adrenal steroids, as well as the C11-oxy androgens and C11-oxy progestogens in serum and faeces from white rhinoceros. The limit of detection and quantification were determined for each steroid, parameters such as accuracy (<19.8 % RSD) and precision (<20.2 % RSD) were established with recovery, matrix effect, and process efficiency within acceptable limits. Subsequent analysis of serum and faecal samples from five white rhinoceros identified novel steroids for the first time in this species. In addition to the classical adrenal steroids, the following C11-oxy steroids were detected in faecal samples: 11α-hydroxydihydroprogesterone (168 ng/g), 11α-hydroxyprogesterone (125.9 ng/g), 11β-hydroxyprogesterone (210.2 ng/g) and 11-ketoandrostenedione (3.3-19.6 ng/g) with 11-deoxycortisol being the major glucocorticoid (24.2-67.3 ng/g) together with 21-deoxycortisone (40.7 ng/g) and deoxycorticosterone (7.6-14.6 ng/g). In serum samples 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (0.35-2.34 ng/mL) and 11β-hydroxytestosterone (0.18-1.62 ng/mL) were the predominant androgens with cortisol (5.8-20.5 ng/mL), the predominant glucocorticoid, while corticosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone were also detected. These methods can be applied independently to assess either androgens, progestogens, or adrenal steroid panels or in combination to assess the cohort of gonadal and adrenal steroids in faeces and/or serum, in southern white rhinoceros as well as other wildlife species. Analysis would enable the accurate assessment of reproductive health and stress responses while also distinguishing between stress and distress thus contributing to the conservation of wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Gent
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Inge D Barbier
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Stephen L Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Annie E Newell-Fugate
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, United States
| | - Amanda C Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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Shi M, Yin L, Sun Y, Wang C, Cai L, Zhang T, Zhou X, Fawcett JP, Gao X, Gu J. Pharmacokinetic Study of Conjugated Equine Estrogens in Healthy Chinese Postmenopausal Women Using a Parallel Two-Column LC-MS/MS Method. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1571-1583. [PMID: 36173592 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postmenopausal women often require estrogen supplementation to improve menopausal and postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms and maintain hormonal balance. Conjugated equine estrogens extracted from the urine of pregnant mares are commonly used to provide this estrogen replacement therapy. The complex composition of this mixture of animal sulfated metabolites makes its bioanalysis challenging such that its detailed pharmacokinetics has not been fully characterized. The purpose of this work is to reveal the pharmacokinetic behavior of conjugated equine estrogens in healthy Chinese postmenopausal women by a parallel two-column LC-MS/MS method. METHODS An open-label study was carried out in 35 Chinese healthy postmenopausal women who received a single dose of Premarin® 0.625 mg. A high-throughput column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine four conjugated estrogens and two unconjugated estrogens formed by hydrolysis in vivo. The method multiplexes two high-performance liquid chromatography systems into one mass spectrometer and incorporates the positive/negative ion switching acquisition mode of mass spectrometry to significantly increase analysis efficiency. Pharmacokinetics was determined using non-compartmental methods. RESULTS Both conjugated and unconjugated estrogens can be analyzed simultaneously in a single run with an analysis time of 13.0 minutes in the column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method as opposed to 23.0 minutes in a single-column liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. The exposures (maximum concentration and area under the curve) of estrone and equilin in Chinese women were higher than those in the North American women. CONCLUSIONS The fully validated assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women after oral administration of a conjugated equine estrogen tablet. This study suggests that Chinese postmenopausal women achieve the same level of unconjugated estrogens in plasma at a lower dose of conjugated equine estrogens than North American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Shi
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yin
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Cai
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglan Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - J Paul Fawcett
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Urumqi, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang and Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Jia Y, Wang Z, Feng Y, Wang M, Jiang L, Yu Z, Shao X, He G, Liu Y. Validity of the association between five steroid hormones quantification and female infertility conditions: A new perspective for clinical diagnosis. Steroids 2022; 186:109086. [PMID: 35803387 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of endogenous steroids and their precursors is essential for diagnosis of a wide range of causes for female infertility. However, immunoassays often overestimate concentrations due to assay interference by other endogenous steroids, especially at low concentrations. In addition, it still lacks of diagnostic reference intervals for five sex steroid hormones, including estradiol (E2), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP4), pregnenolone (P5) and progesterone (P4), which are crucial for distinguishing between normal individuals and female infertility. Therefore, we developed and validated a reliable and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination and quantification of five sex hormones, giving the reference intervals to accurately evaluate and diagnose female infertility. Our results showed that the developed UPLC-MS/MS assay was fast, high throughput, reproducible, specific, accurate, highly sensitive, and fully validated for simultaneous determination of P5, P4, 17-OHP4, DOC and E2 in human follicular fluid. The simple sample preparation procedure in the current study gave reproducible and consistent recoveries. The validation results show that the UPLC-MS/MS assay has acceptable accuracy and precision at low concentrations, which permits their use in clinical study. In addition, our data gave the concentration range of five steroid hormones quantification in patients with female infertility and normal individuals. Our data can be used to accurately evaluate and diagnose female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yuyi Feng
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Meixian Wang
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116037, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116037, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shao
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116037, China
| | - Guiyuan He
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116037, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
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6
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Ostinelli G, Laforest S, Denham SG, Gauthier MF, Drolet-Labelle V, Scott E, Hould FS, Marceau S, Homer NZM, Bégin C, Andrew R, Tchernof A. Increased Adipose Tissue Indices of Androgen Catabolism and Aromatization in Women With Metabolic Dysfunction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3330-e3342. [PMID: 35511873 PMCID: PMC9282357 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Body fat distribution is a risk factor for obesity-associated comorbidities, and adipose tissue dysfunction plays a role in this association. In humans, there is a sex difference in body fat distribution, and steroid hormones are known to regulate several cellular processes within adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate if intra-adipose steroid concentration and expression or activity of steroidogenic enzymes were associated with features of adipose tissue dysfunction in individuals with severe obesity. METHODS Samples from 40 bariatric candidates (31 women, 9 men) were included in the study. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were collected during surgery. Adipose tissue morphology was measured by a combination of histological staining and semi-automated quantification. Following extraction, intra-adipose and plasma steroid concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Aromatase activity was estimated using product over substrate ratio, while AKR1C2 activity was measured directly by fluorogenic probe. Gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS VAT aromatase activity was positively associated with VAT adipocyte hypertrophy (P valueadj < 0.01) and negatively with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P valueadj < 0.01), while SAT aromatase activity predicted dyslipidemia in women even after adjustment for waist circumference, age, and hormonal contraceptive use. We additionally compared women with high and low visceral adiposity index (VAI) and found that VAT excess is characterized by adipose tissue dysfunction, increased androgen catabolism mirrored by increased AKR1C2 activity, and higher aromatase expression and activity indices. CONCLUSION In women, increased androgen catabolism or aromatization is associated with visceral adiposity and adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Ostinelli
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sofia Laforest
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University/BHF, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Scott G Denham
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University/BHF, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marie-Frederique Gauthier
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | | | - Emma Scott
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric-Simon Hould
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simon Marceau
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University/BHF, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Catherine Bégin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ruth Andrew
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University/BHF, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- BHF/CVS, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - André Tchernof
- Correspondence: Andre Tchernof, PhD, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy (Y-4212), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
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7
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Development of an Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction Monolithic Column for the Analysis of Estrogens in Human Urine and Serum Samples. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Xue Y, Sheng Y, Wang J, Huang Q, Zhang F, Wen Y, Liu S, Jiang Y. Fast Screening and Identification of Illegal Adulterated Glucocorticoids in Dietary Supplements and Herbal Products Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS With All-Ion Fragmentation Acquisition Combined With Characteristic Fragment Ion List Classification. Front Chem 2021; 9:785475. [PMID: 34957047 PMCID: PMC8702623 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.785475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) with all-ion fragmentation (AIF) acquisition was established for an identification and quantification of illegal adulterated glucocorticoids in dietary supplements and herbal products. Next, a novel method called characteristic fragment ion list classification (CFILC) was developed for a fast screening of adulterated compounds. CFILC could provide the characteristic ions comprehensively and completely through direct extract from the MS2 library instead of finding them manually. This is time-saving and provides fast screening results with a high confidence level by filtering of a pre-calculated threshold of similarity scores for illegal adulterants that are not included in the library as well as for new emerging structural analogs. The obtained results demonstrated the great qualitative and quantitative strength of this approach, providing a promising and powerful method for a routine fast screening of illegal adulterated glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanghao Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Valko-Rokytovská M, Očenáš P, Salayová A, Kostecká Z. Breast Cancer: Targeting of Steroid Hormones in Cancerogenesis and Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115878. [PMID: 34070921 PMCID: PMC8199112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women with high mortality. Sensitive and specific methods for the detection, characterization and quantification of endogenous steroids in body fluids or tissues are needed for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer and many other diseases. At present, non-invasive diagnostic methods are gaining more and more prominence, which enable a relatively fast and painless way of detecting many diseases. Metabolomics is a promising analytical method, the principle of which is the study and analysis of metabolites in biological material. It represents a comprehensive non-invasive diagnosis, which has a high potential for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers, including breast cancer. This short review focuses on the targeted metabolomics of steroid hormones, which play an important role in the development and classification of breast cancer. The most commonly used diagnostic tool is the chromatographic method with mass spectrometry detection, which can simultaneously determine several steroid hormones and metabolites in one sample. This analytical procedure has a high potential in effective diagnosis of steroidogenesis disorders. Due to the association between steroidogenesis and breast cancer progression, steroid profiling is an important tool, as well as in monitoring disease progression, improving prognosis, and minimizing recurrence.
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Jian L, Yuan X, Han J, Zheng R, Peng X, Wang K. Screening for illegal addition of glucocorticoids in adulterated cosmetic products using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with precursor ion scanning. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8999. [PMID: 33140453 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The screening for illegal adulteration of glucocorticoids (GCs) in cosmetics is challenging due to the vast variety of potential GCs that are present to improve the declared effects. An effective analytical method to screen illegally added GCs in cosmetics is vital to protect consumers. METHODS An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method using precursor ion scanning (PIS) acquisition mode was developed to screen GCs in cosmetics. Forty-seven GCs were investigated to identify their common product ions formed by collision-induced dissociation. Cosmetic samples spiked with GCs were extracted using solid-phase extraction. RESULTS Four common positive product ions, m/z 121, 135, 147, and 171, were selected for PIS analysis. Limits of detection (LODs) were established for all 47 GCs. The method was validated on spiked samples to ensure its effectiveness in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Sixty samples were analyzed. Seven GCs were detected in six samples. CONCLUSIONS An effective screening method using UPLC/MS/MS with PIS acquisition mode was developed and successfully applied to screen for targeted and untargeted GCs in cosmetic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Jian
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yuan
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Han
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingsheng Peng
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Gravitte A, Archibald T, Cobble A, Kennard B, Brown S. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applications for quantification of endogenous sex hormones. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5036. [PMID: 33226656 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, presents a powerful tool for the quantification of the sex steroid hormones 17-β estradiol, progesterone and testosterone from biological matrices. The importance of accurate quantification with these hormones, even at endogenous levels, has evolved with our understanding of the role these regulators play in human development, fertility and disease risk and manifestation. Routine monitoring of these analytes can be accomplished by immunoassay techniques, which face limitations on specificity and sensitivity, or using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. LC-MS/MS is growing in capability and acceptance for clinically relevant quantification of sex steroid hormones in biological matrices and is able to overcome many of the limitations of immunoassays. Analyte specificity has improved through the use of novel derivatizing agents, and sensitivity has been refined through the use of high-resolution chromatography and mass spectrometric technology. This review highlights these innovations, among others, in LC-MS/MS steroid hormone analysis captured in the literature over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gravitte
- James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Archibald
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Allison Cobble
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin Kennard
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Associations between markers of mammary adipose tissue dysfunction and breast cancer prognostic factors. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:195-205. [PMID: 32934318 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity fosters worse clinical outcomes in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that an android body fat distribution in particular is deleterious for breast cancer prognosis. The extent of adipose tissue dysfunction, especially how it relates to breast cancer prognostic factors and anthropometric measurements, has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine if markers of adipose tissue dysfunction, such as hypertrophy and macrophage accumulation, are relevant for the pathophysiology of breast cancer and its associated prognostic factors in a well-characterised cohort of women with breast cancer who did not receive treatment before surgery. METHODS A consecutive series of 164 women with breast cancer provided breast adipose tissue sample. Multivariate generalised linear models were used to test associations of anthropometric indices and prognostic factors with markers of adipose tissue dysfunction. RESULTS We found associations of breast adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration (number of CD68+ cells/100 adipocytes) with adiposity, particularly a strong association between breast adipocyte size and central obesity, independent of total adiposity, age and menopausal status (βadj = 0.87; p = 0.0001). We also identified relationships of adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration with prognostic factors, such as cancer stage and tumour grade (p < 0.05). RNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6, TNF) and leptin was also increased as a function of adipocyte size and CD86+/CD11c+ macrophage number/100 adipocytes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the model of dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity-associated breast cancer.
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Miniewska K, Godzien J, Mojsak P, Maliszewska K, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. Mass spectrometry-based determination of lipids and small molecules composing adipose tissue with a focus on brown adipose tissue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113623. [PMID: 32966938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been the subject of research for a very long time. Many studies perform a comprehensive analysis of different types of adipose tissue with an emphasis on brown adipose tissue. Mass spectrometry-based approaches are particularly useful in the exploration not only of the metabolic composition of adipose tissue but also its function. In the presented review, a complex and critical overview of publications devoted to the analysis of adipose tissue by means of mass spectrometry was performed. Detailed investigation of analytical aspects related to either untargeted or targeted analysis of adipose tissue was performed, leading to the formation of a collection of hints at the available analytical methods. Moreover, a profound analysis of the metabolic composition of brown adipose tissue was performed. Brown adipose tissue metabolome was characterized on structural and functional levels, providing information about its exact metabolic composition but also connecting these molecules and placing them into biochemical pathways. All our work resulted in a very broad picture of the analysis of adipose tissue, starting from the analytical aspects and finishing on the current knowledge about its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Miniewska
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patrycja Mojsak
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Laforest S, Pelletier M, Denver N, Poirier B, Nguyen S, Walker BR, Durocher F, Homer NZM, Diorio C, Andrew R, Tchernof A. Estrogens and Glucocorticoids in Mammary Adipose Tissue: Relationships with Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5680713. [PMID: 31853538 PMCID: PMC7065843 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue is an important site for extragonadal steroid hormone biosynthesis through the expression and activity of P450 aromatase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1, and 17β-HSDs. The contribution of steroid hormones produced by adjacent adipose tissue for the progression and survival of breast tumors is unknown. OBJECTIVE To quantify estrogens (estradiol, estrone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone) in breast adipose tissue from both healthy and diseased women and their relationships with adiposity indices and breast cancer prognostic markers. DESIGN AND SETTING Breast adipose tissue was collected at time of surgery. PATIENTS Pre- and postmenopausal women undergoing partial mastectomy for treatment of breast cancer (n = 17) or reduction mammoplasty (n = 6) were studied. INTERVENTIONS Relative estrogen and glucocorticoid amounts were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The targeted steroids were reliably detected and quantified in mammary adipose tissues. Women with ER+/PR+ tumor had higher relative estradiol amount than women with ER-/PR- tumor (P < .05). The ratio of estradiol-to-estrone was higher in lean women than in women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (P < .05). Mixed-model analyses showed that estradiol, cortisone, and cortisol were negatively associated with tumor size (P < .05). Relationships between glucocorticoids and tumor size remained significant after adjustment for BMI. The cortisol-to-cortisone ratio was negatively associated with tumor stage (P < .05) independently of BMI. CONCLUSIONS We reliably quantified estrogens and glucocorticoids in breast adipose tissue from healthy women and women suffering from breast cancer. Our findings suggest that smaller breast tumors are associated with higher relative amounts of estradiol and cortisol in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Laforest
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nina Denver
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brigitte Poirier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Nguyen
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Brian R Walker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francine Durocher
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ruth Andrew
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - André Tchernof
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: André Tchernof, PhD, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Y4212, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5. E-mail:
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Menopause-Associated Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Foods Beneficial for Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010202. [PMID: 31941004 PMCID: PMC7019719 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is clinically diagnosed as a condition when a woman has not menstruated for one year. During the menopausal transition period, there is an emergence of various lipid metabolic disorders due to hormonal changes, such as decreased levels of estrogens and increased levels of circulating androgens; these may lead to the development of metabolic syndromes including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism affects the body fat mass, fat-free mass, fatty acid metabolism, and various aspects of energy metabolism, such as basal metabolic ratio, adiposity, and obesity. Moreover, menopause is also associated with alterations in the levels of various lipids circulating in the blood, such as lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TG). Alterations in lipid metabolism and excessive adipose tissue play a key role in the synthesis of excess fatty acids, adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, which cause lipid peroxidation and result in the development of insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, and dyslipidemia. This review discusses dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, phytochemicals—and their food sources—to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.
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