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Frehlich L, Turin TC, Doyle-Baker PK, McCormack GR. Neighbourhood walkability and greenspace and their associations with health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadian adults. Prev Med 2024; 184:107998. [PMID: 38735586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscular strength and body composition are important components of health-related fitness (HRF). Grip strength and body fat percent, in particular, are associated with chronic disease and affected by health behaviours. Evidence suggests relationships between the neighbourhood built environment (BE) and HRF exist, however, few studies have focused on grip strength and body fat percent. Therefore, our study aimed to estimate the sex-specific associations between the neighbourhood BE, grip strength, and body fat percent among urban-dwelling Canadian adults. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional survey and HRF data collected in 2011-2015 from 4052 males and 7841 females (Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Canada). Grip strength and body fat percent were measured via handgrip dynamometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Walkability (Canadian Active Living Index) and greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) estimates were linked to participant data. Sex-stratified covariate-adjusted linear regression models estimated the associations between the BE and HRF variables. RESULTS Walkability was negatively associated with grip strength and body fat percent in males (β -0.21, 95%CI: -0.31 to -0.11 and β -0.08, 95%CI: -0.15 to -0.02, respectively) and females (β -0.06, 95%CI: -0.10 to -0.01 and β -0.08, 95%CI: -0.14 to -0.02, respectively). Greenness was positively associated with grip strength in males (β 6.99, 95%CI: 3.62 to 10.36) and females (β 2.72, 95%CI: 1.22 to 4.22) but not with body fat percent. Controlling for physical activity and sitting did not attenuate these associations. CONCLUSION Characteristics of the neighbourhood BE appear to be associated with muscular strength and body composition, independent of physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Frehlich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Tanvir C Turin
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Wu J, Li C, Zhu L, Liu X, Peng B, Wang T, Yuan S, Zhang Y. Nonlinear and threshold effects of built environment on older adults' walking duration: do age and retirement status matter? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1418733. [PMID: 39005992 PMCID: PMC11239551 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1418733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Walking plays a crucial role in promoting physical activity among older adults. Understanding how the built environment influences older adults' walking behavior is vital for promoting physical activity and healthy aging. Among voluminous literature investigating the environmental correlates of walking behaviors of older adults, few have focused on walking duration across different age groups and life stages, let alone examined the potential nonlinearities and thresholds of the built environment. Methods This study employs travel diary from Zhongshan, China and the gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) approach to disentangle the age and retirement status differences in the nonlinear and threshold effects of the built environment on older adults' walking duration. Results The results showed built environment attributes collectively contribute 57.37% for predicting older adults' walking duration, with a higher predicting power for the old-old (70+ years) or the retired. The most influencing built environment attribute for the young-old (60-70 years) is bus stop density, whereas the relative importance of population density, bus stop density, and accessibility to green space or commercial facilities is close for the old-old. The retired tend to walk longer in denser-populated neighborhoods with better bus service, but the non-retired are more active in walking in mixed-developed environments with accessible commercial facilities. The thresholds of bus stop density to encourage walking among the young-old is 7.8 counts/km2, comparing to 6 counts/km2 among the old-old. Regarding the green space accessibility, the effective range for the non-retired (4 to 30%) is smaller than that of the retired (12 to 45%). Discussion Overall, the findings provide nuanced and diverse interventions for creating walking-friendly neighborhoods to promote walking across different sub-groups of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhu
- JSTI Group, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Science, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Ministry of Transport, Beijing, China
| | - Bozhezi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqiang Yuan
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Liu Y, Salbach NM, Webber SC, Barclay R. Individual and environmental variables related to outdoor walking among older adults: Verifying a model to guide the design of interventions targeting outdoor walking. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296216. [PMID: 38198462 PMCID: PMC10781134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the relationships between individual and environmental variables and outdoor walking (OW) in older adults with OW limitations through verifying a conceptual model. METHODS Baseline data from 205 older adults participating in a randomized trial of a park-based OW program were analyzed using structural equation modeling. We evaluated a three latent factor model: OW (accelerometry and self-report); individual factors (balance; leg strength; walking self-confidence, speed and endurance; mental health; education; income; car access); and environmental factors (neighbourhood walkability components). RESULTS Mean age was 75 years; 73% were women. Individual factors was significantly associated with OW (β = 0.39, p < .01). Environmental factors was not directly associated with OW but was indirectly linked to OW through its significant covariance with the individual factors (β = 0.22, p < .01). The standardized factor loadings from the individual factors on walking self-confidence and walking capacity measures exceeded 0.65. CONCLUSIONS Better walking capacity and more confidence in the ability to walk outdoors are associated with higher OW in older adults. Better neighbourhood walkability is indirectly associated with more OW. The conceptual model demonstrates an individual and environment association; if the capacity of the individual is increased (potentially through walking interventions), they may be able to better navigate environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Liu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nancy M. Salbach
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra C. Webber
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruth Barclay
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Frehlich L, Turin TC, Doyle-Baker PK, Lang JJ, McCormack GR. Mediation analysis of the associations between neighbourhood walkability and greenness, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadians. Prev Med 2024; 178:107792. [PMID: 38052331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate sex-specific associations (total, direct, and indirect effects) between objectively measured neighbourhood walkability and greenness and objectively measured physical activity and health-related fitness including cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in Canadian adults. METHODS Neighbourhood walkability (Canadian Active Living Environment) and greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) data were linked to cardiorespiratory (i.e., submaximal step test estimated V̇O2 max) and muscular fitness (i.e., handgrip strength) and accelerometer measured physical activity; Canadian Health Measures Survey). Covariate-adjusted sex-stratified path analyses was conducted to assess if physical activity (light: LPA; moderate: MPA, and; vigorous: VPA) mediated the associations between neighbourhood walkability, NDVI and health-related fitness. Model sample sizes ranged from 987 to 2796 for males and 989 to 2835 for females. RESULTS Among males, we found indirect effects between neighbourhood walkability and cardiorespiratory fitness via LPA (negative) and VPA (positive). We also found a total effect (negative) between neighbourhood walkability and grip strength and indirect effects between neighbourhood walkability and handgrip strength via LPA (negative) and MPA (negative). Among females, we found a total effect (positive) and direct effect (positive) between neighbourhood walkability and cardiorespiratory fitness, and an indirect effect for neighbourhood walkability and cardiorespiratory fitness via LPA. We found no significant effects related to neighbourhood greenness. CONCLUSIONS Residing in a neighbourhood with higher walkability may positively affect cardiorespiratory fitness but negatively affect muscular strength. The negative associations between neighbourhood walkability and LPA may offset potential positive associations between neighbourhood walkability and MPA and VPA and their subsequent influence on health-related fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Frehlich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Tanvir C Turin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Patricia K Doyle-Baker
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada; School of Architecture, Landscape and Planning, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada; School of Architecture, Landscape and Planning, University of Calgary, Canada; Faculty of Sports Science, Waseda University, Japan
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Kalu ME, Bello-Haas VD, Griffin M, Boamah S, Harris J, Zaide M, Rayner D, Khattab N, Abrahim S. A Scoping Review of Personal, Financial, and Environmental Determinants of Mobility Among Older Adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:2147-2168. [PMID: 37119957 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize available evidence of factors comprising the personal, financial, and environmental mobility determinants and their association with older adults' self-reported and performance-based mobility outcomes. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, AgeLine, Sociological Abstract, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases search for articles published from January 2000 to December 2021. STUDY SECTION Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, multiple reviewers independently screened 27,293 retrieved citations from databases, of which 422 articles underwent full-text screening, and 300 articles were extracted. DATA EXTRACTION The 300 articles' information, including study design, sample characteristics including sample size, mean age and sex, factors within each determinant, and their associations with mobility outcomes, were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Because of the heterogeneity of the reported associations, we followed Barnett et al's study protocol and reported associations between factors and mobility outcomes by analyses rather than by article to account for multiple associations generated in 1 article. Qualitative data were synthesized using content analysis. A total of 300 articles were included with 269 quantitative, 22 qualitative, and 9 mixed-method articles representing personal (n=80), and financial (n=1), environmental (n=98), more than 1 factor (n=121). The 278 quantitative and mixed-method articles reported 1270 analyses; 596 (46.9%) were positively and 220 (17.3%) were negatively associated with mobility outcomes among older adults. Personal (65.2%), financial (64.6%), and environmental factors (62.9%) were associated with mobility outcomes, mainly in the expected direction with few exceptions in environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Gaps exist in understanding the effect of some environmental factors (eg, number and type of street connections) and the role of gender on older adults' walking outcomes. We have provided a comprehensive list of factors with each determinant, allowing the creation of core outcome set for a specific context, population, or other forms of mobility, for example, driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Kalu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Vanina Dal Bello-Haas
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Meridith Griffin
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, Faculty of Social Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sheila Boamah
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Harris
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mashal Zaide
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel Rayner
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nura Khattab
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Salma Abrahim
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Finlay J, Westrick AC, Guzman V, Meltzer G. Neighborhood Built Environments and Health in Later Life: A Literature Review. J Aging Health 2023:8982643231217776. [PMID: 37994863 PMCID: PMC11111591 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231217776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This literature review aims to assess the current state of the field linking neighborhood environments to later-life health and wellbeing. Methods: We used electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest) to search for studies published between 2010 and 2022 examining associations between neighborhood built environmental variables and later-life physical, cognitive, mental, and social health outcomes. Results: Among 168 studies reviewed, the majority were quantitative (n = 144) and cross-sectional (n = 122). Neighborhood environmental variables significantly associated with later-life health outcomes included population density/rurality, walkability/street connectivity, access to services and amenities, neighborhood quality and disorder, and parks/green/blue/open space. Neighborhoods operated through behavioral and biological pathways including hazardous exposures, affective states (e.g., stress and restoration), and lifestyle (e.g., exercise, socialization, and diet). Discussion: Neighborhoods and healthy aging research is a burgeoning interdisciplinary and international area of scholarship. Findings can inform upstream community interventions and strengthen clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Finlay
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Social Environment and Health Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashly C. Westrick
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Viveka Guzman
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriella Meltzer
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
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You Y, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Hu X, Li X, Yang P, Zuo Q, Cao Q. Systematic and meta-based evaluation of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity behaviors among older adults. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16173. [PMID: 37780389 PMCID: PMC10538293 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Existing assertions about the relationship between various factors of the built environment and physical activity behaviors are inconsistent and warrant further exploration and analysis. Methods This study systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar for the effect of the built environment on the physical activity behaviors of older adults. R software was used to calculate the meta-estimated odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Simultaneously, the quality of included studies was evaluated using an observational study quality evaluation standard recommended by American health care quality and research institutions. Results A total of 16 original researches were included in this meta-analysis and eight factors of the built environment were evaluated. These factors which ranked from high to low according to their impact were traffic safety (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.14-2.20]), destination accessibility (OR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.06-1.44]), aesthetics of sports venues (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07-1.37]), virescence of sports venues (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.06-1.23]), building density (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02-1.13]). Additionally, it seemed that there was no potential association between mixed land use (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.92-1.10]), the quality of pedestrian facilities (OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.92-1.08]) or commercial facilities (OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.88-1.00]) and physical activity behaviors of older adults. Conclusions The built environment has been found to exhibit a significant relationship with the physical activity behaviors of older adults. It is proposed that factors such as traffic safety, destination accessibility, aesthetics of sports venues, virescence of sports venues, and building density be given more consideration when aiming to promote physical activity levels among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Bejing, China
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingzhong Li
- Zhedong Orthopedic Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Current Affiliation: Orthopedics Department, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Qun Zuo
- College of Public Health, Hebei University/Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Baoding, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Chen Y, Wan A, Mao M, Sun W, Song Q, Mao D. Tai Chi practice enables prefrontal cortex bilateral activation and gait performance prioritization during dual-task negotiating obstacle in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1000427. [PMID: 36466597 PMCID: PMC9716214 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With aging, the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) declined, postural control weakened, and fall risk increased. As a mind-body exercise, regular Tai Chi practice could improve postural control and effectively prevent falls; however, underlying brain mechanisms remained unclear, which were shed light on by analyzing the effect of Tai Chi on the PFC in older adults by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS 36 healthy older adults without Tai Chi experience were divided randomly into Tai Chi group and Control group. The experiment was conducted four times per week for 16 weeks; 27 participants remained and completed the experiment. Negotiating obstacle task (NOT) and negotiating obstacle with cognitive task (NOCT) were performed pre- and post-intervention, and Brodmann area 10 (BA10) was detected using fNIRS for hemodynamic response. A three-dimensional motion capture system measured walking speed. RESULTS After intervention in the Tai Chi group under NOCT, the HbO2 concentration change value (ΔHbO2) in BA10 was significantly greater (right BA10: p = 0.002, left BA10: p = 0.001), walking speed was significantly faster (p = 0.040), and dual-task cost was significantly lower than pre-intervention (p = 0.047). ΔHbO2 in BA10 under NOCT was negatively correlated with dual-task cost (right BA10: r = -0.443, p = 0.021, left BA10: r = -0.448, p = 0.019). There were strong negative correlations between ΔHbO2 and ΔHbR under NOCT either pre-intervention (left PFC r = -0.841, p < 0.001; right PFC r = -0.795, p < 0.001) or post-intervention (left PFC r = -0.842, p < 0.001; right PFC r = -0.744, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Tai Chi practice might increase the cognitive resources in older adults through the PFC bilateral activation to prioritize gait performance during negotiating obstacles under a dual-task condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiying Wan
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Mao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dewei Mao
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Frehlich L, Christie CD, Ronksley PE, Turin TC, Doyle-Baker P, McCormack GR. The neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness: a narrative systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:124. [PMID: 36153538 PMCID: PMC9509561 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence demonstrating the importance of the neighbourhood built environment in supporting physical activity. Physical activity provides numerous health benefits including improvements in health-related fitness (i.e., muscular, cardiorespiratory, motor, and morphological fitness). Emerging evidence also suggests that the neighbourhood built environment is associated with health-related fitness. Our aim was to summarize evidence on the associations between the neighbourhood built environment and components of health-related fitness in adults. Methods We undertook a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Our data sources included electronic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Environment Complete, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Transport Research International Documentation from inception to March 2021. Our eligibility criteria consisted of observational and experimental studies estimating associations between the neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness among healthy adults (age ≥ 18 years). Eligible studies included objective or self-reported measures of the neighbourhood built environment and included either objective or self-reported measures of health-related fitness. Data extraction included study design, sample characteristics, measured neighbourhood built environment characteristics, and measured components of health-related fitness. We used individual Joanna Briggs Institute study checklists based on identified study designs. Our primary outcome measure was components of health-related fitness (muscular; cardiorespiratory; motor, and morphological fitness). Results Twenty-seven studies (sample sizes = 28 to 419,562; 2002 to 2020) met the eligibility criteria. Neighbourhood destinations were the most consistent built environment correlate across all components of health-related fitness. The greatest number of significant associations was found between the neighbourhood built environment and morphological fitness while the lowest number of associations was found for motor fitness. The neighbourhood built environment was consistently associated with health-related fitness in studies that adjusted for physical activity. Conclusion The neighbourhood built environment is associated with health-related fitness in adults and these associations may be independent of physical activity. Longitudinal studies that adjust for physical activity (including resistance training) and sedentary behaviour, and residential self-selection are needed to obtain rigorous causal evidence for the link between the neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness. Trial registration Protocol registration: PROSPERO number CRD42020179807. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01359-0.
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Zhong J, Liu W, Niu B, Lin X, Deng Y. Role of Built Environments on Physical Activity and Health Promotion: A Review and Policy Insights. Front Public Health 2022; 10:950348. [PMID: 35910910 PMCID: PMC9326484 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.950348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As urbanization and motorization continue worldwide, various health issues have emerged as a burden between individuals, families and governments at all levels. Under the prevalence of chronic disease, this review synthesizes research on the impact of the various built environments on the multiple health outcomes from a methodological and mechanistic perspective. Besides, it attempts to provide useful planning and policy implications to promote physical activity and health benefits. The finds show that: (1) Current literature has used a variety of dataset, methods, and models to examine the built environment-health benefit connections from the perspective of physical activity; (2) The prevalence of chronic diseases is inextricably linked to the built environment, and policy interventions related to physical activity and physical and mental wellbeing of urban residents should be emphasized; (3) The impact of the built environment on health is manifested in the way various elements of the physical environment guide the lifestyle of residents, thereby influencing physical activity and travel; (4) Given the changes that have occurred in the built environment during the current urban expansion, the link between urban planning and the public health sector should be strengthened in the future, and the relevant authorities should actively pursue policies that promote urban public health in order to improve the health of residents. Finally, it proposes potential policy insights for urban planning and development toward a healthier city and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhong
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Buqing Niu
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiongbin Lin
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanhua Deng
- Zhiweibing Center, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China
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Ando M, Kamide N, Sakamoto M, Shiba Y, Sato H, Kawamura A, Watanabe S. The Effects of Neighborhood Physical and Social Environment on Physical Function among Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A One-Year Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137999. [PMID: 35805659 PMCID: PMC9266149 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a relationship between physical and social aspects of the neighborhood environment (e.g., built environment, safety) and physical function in older adults. However, these associations are unclear in older Asian adults because longitudinal studies are lacking. This study examined the effects of neighborhood physical and social environment on longitudinal changes in physical function among Japanese older adults. We analyzed 299 Japanese community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Neighborhood environment was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environment Module. Physical function was assessed using handgrip strength, knee extension muscle strength, 5-m walking time, and a timed up-and-go test (TUG) in baseline and follow-up surveys. Changes in physical function over one year were calculated and classified into decline or maintenance groups based on minimal detectable changes. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that even after adjusting for confounding factors, good access to recreational facilities affected the maintenance of 5-m walking time (odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–5.21) and good crime safety affected the maintenance of TUG (OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.06–3.33). Therefore, it is important to assess both physical and social environmental neighborhood resources in predicting decline in physical function among Japanese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ando
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (N.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-778-9693
| | - Naoto Kamide
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (N.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Miki Sakamoto
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (N.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shiba
- School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakae-Machi, Fukushima 960-8031, Japan;
| | - Haruhiko Sato
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89 Uyama Higashi-Machi, Hirakata 573-1136, Japan;
| | - Akie Kawamura
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (N.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Shuichiro Watanabe
- International Graduate School for Advanced Studies, J. F. Oberlin University, 3758 Tokiwa-Machi, Machida 194-0294, Japan;
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Objectively measured physical activity was not associated with neighborhood walkability attributes in community-dwelling patients with stroke. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3475. [PMID: 35241741 PMCID: PMC8894345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the built environment may affect physical activity, there is little evidence on how neighborhood walkability attributes influence post-stroke physical activity. This study aimed to explore associations between objectively measured physical activity and neighborhood walkability attributes in community-dwelling patients with stroke. This cross-sectional study recruited patients who could ambulate outside free of assistance. We assessed objectively measured physical activity comprising the number of steps taken and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with an accelerometer. Neighborhood walkability attributes were evaluated using the Walk Score. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine whether the Walk Score was independently associated with the number of steps taken or MVPA. Eighty participants with a mean age of 65.9 ± 11.1 years were included. The participants took an average of 5900.6 ± 2947.3 steps/day and spent an average of 19.7 ± 21.7 min/day in MVPA. The mean Walk Score was 71.4 ± 17.2. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that no significant associations were found between the Walk Score and the number of steps taken or MVPA. No associations were found between objectively measured physical activity and neighborhood walkability attributes in community-dwelling patients with stroke in an Asian area.
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Hamano T, Abe T, Miyazaki R, Okuyama K, Sundquist K, Nabika T. Car Driving Status and Living Arrangement Associated with Sarcopenia among Rural Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010414. [PMID: 35010674 PMCID: PMC8744710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ensuring mobility after driving cessation is an important public health issue to prevent functional limitations, but this issue is still not fully understood in rural settings. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that being a non-driver and living alone is associated with a greater risk of sarcopenia among the community-dwelling elderly in rural Japanese areas. This study was conducted in 2018 and data from 738 participants were used. Sarcopenia was assessed by measuring walking speed, handgrip strength, and skeletal muscle mass. Car driving status and living arrangement were collected using self-reported questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Four groups were set to determine combined conditions of car driving status and living arrangement. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval of sarcopenia after adjustment for confounding factors. Compared with the reference group (driver and living with others), the OR of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the non-driver and living alone group (OR = 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–4.80). Our findings suggest that the consideration of both driving status and living arrangement are important in the formulation of public health strategies to prevent sarcopenia in rural Japanese areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (K.S.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-705-1643
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (K.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Ryo Miyazaki
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (K.S.); (T.N.)
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (K.S.); (T.N.)
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (K.S.); (T.N.)
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Toru Nabika
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (K.S.); (T.N.)
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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Ando M, Kamide N, Shiba Y, Sakamoto M, Sato H, Murakami T, Watanabe S. Association Between Physical Function and Neighborhood Environment in Healthy, Older Adults: An Exploratory Study Using Regression Tree Analysis. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211052403. [PMID: 34708149 PMCID: PMC8543633 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform an exploratory investigation of the individual characteristics of older adults that affect the relationships between physical function and neighborhood environment. A total of 624 community-dwelling older adults living independently, aged ≥65 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical function was assessed by muscle strength (grip strength and knee extension strength) and physical performance (5-m walking time and Timed Up and Go Test). The neighborhood environment was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environmental Module. The individual characteristics that affect the association between both were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and Classification and Regression tree (CaRT) analysis. In both older men and women, multiple regression analysis showed that neighborhood environment was significantly associated with physical function. On the other hand, on CaRT analyses, older men ≤80 years of age without low back pain and depressive symptoms and perceived good access to recreational facilities had the shortest 5-m walking time. However, CaRT analyses found no relationship between physical function and neighborhood environment in older women. The relationships between physical function and neighborhood environment may be altered by sex, age, and physical and mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ando
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Masataka Ando, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Naoto Kamide
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shiba
- School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Miki Sakamoto
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sato
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakami
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Abe T, Okuyama K, Hamano T, Kamada M, Isomura M, Nabika T, Miyazaki R. Association between hilliness and walking speed in community-dwelling older Japanese adults: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 97:104510. [PMID: 34487955 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study investigated the association between hilliness and walking speed in community-dwelling older adults, and whether it varied according to their car-driving status. METHODS Data were collected from 590 participants aged 65 and older living in Okinoshima Town, Shimane prefecture, Japan, in 2018. Comfortable walking speed (m/s) was objectively assessed. Hilliness was measured by the mean land slope (degree) within a 500-m or 1000-m network buffer around each participant's home using a geographic information system. A multiple linear regression examined whether the land slope was associated with walking speed, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol consumption habits, exercise habits, chronic disease, and living arrangements. A stratified analysis by car-driving status was also conducted. RESULTS After adjusting for all confounders, the land slope within the 500-m or 1000-m network buffer was negatively associated with walking speed (B = -0.007, 95% CI [-0.011, -0.002]; B = -0.007, 95% CI [-0.011, -0.003], respectively). The stratified analysis by car-driving status showed that living in a hilly area was negatively associated with walking speed among non-drivers in the 500-m or 1000-m network buffer (B = -0.011, 95% CI [-0.017, -0.004]; B = -0.012, 95% CI [-0.019, -0.006]), though there were no associations among drivers. CONCLUSIONS A hilly environment is positively associated with slow walking speed in community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Moreover, car-driving status potentially modifies the relationship between living in a hilly environment and slow walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kamada
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyazaki
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
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16
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Frehlich L, Christie C, Ronksley P, Turin TC, Doyle-Baker P, McCormack G. Association between neighborhood built environment and health-related fitness: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:2350-2358. [PMID: 33993146 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize the current literature on the association between the neighborhood built environment and components of health-related fitness. The findings may be useful for policy-makers and health professionals to inform the development of health-supportive neighborhood built environments. INTRODUCTION There is accumulating evidence linking neighborhood built environments to health, including physical activity and chronic health conditions, yet little is known about the potential links between the built environment and health-related fitness. Although physical activity and health-related fitness are intimately linked, health-related fitness is thought to be a more proximate and stronger correlate of health. Understanding how the built environment influences health-related fitness will allow better health-promoting urban design and population-level interventions. INCLUSION CRITERIA Published and unpublished evidence will be included if it has a quantitative component and the sample includes adults aged 18 years or older, with no physical disabilities or health issues that may affect health-related fitness. The exposure of interest will be objectively measured and self-reported neighborhood built characteristics. The outcome of interest will be objectively measured and self-reported components of health-related fitness (ie, morphological, muscular, motor, and cardiorespiratory fitness). METHODS We will follow the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Databases used in the search will include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Environment Complete, and Transport Research International Documentation with no date or language restrictions. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, and assess full-text studies against the inclusion criteria. Study quality will be assessed by two independent reviewers using the critical appraisal tools from JBI. A narrative approach will be used to synthesize the study findings; if data permit, a meta-analysis will be completed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020179807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Frehlich
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chelsea Christie
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Ronksley
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tanvir C Turin
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Gavin McCormack
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan
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The moderating influences of social networks on the relationship between neighbourhood walkability and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults in Accra, Ghana. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Asiamah N, Conduah AK, Eduafo R. Social network moderators of the association between Ghanaian older adults' neighbourhood walkability and social activity. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:1357-1367. [PMID: 33517412 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the moderating influences of active social networks (ASN), sedentary social networks (SSN) and ASN lost on the relationship between neighbourhood walkability and social activity in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or more in Accra, Ghana. A total of 863 individuals participated after G*Power 3.1 was utilized to calculate the minimum sample size. We analysed the data with Pearson's correlation test and hierarchical linear regression models. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to select the ultimate confounding variables. The study found a positive influence of neighbourhood walkability on social activity after the covariate adjustment (β = 0.18; t = 5.2; p = 0.000). The positive influence of neighbourhood walkability on social activity was significantly reduced by ASN lost and SSN. ASN did not have a significant moderating influence on the primary relationship. The study concludes that the positive influence of walkable neighbourhoods on social activity decreases as SSN and ASN lost increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Andrew Kweku Conduah
- Institute of Work, Employment & Society (IWES), University of Professional Studies, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Eduafo
- Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Gerontology and Geriatric Care, Accra, Ghana
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Park JH, Lai TF, Chang CS, Huang WC, Cho JS, Liao Y. A Nonlinear Association between Neighborhood Walkability and Risks of Sarcopenia in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:618-623. [PMID: 33949628 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neighborhood walkability has been found to be positively related to physical activity and negatively associated with risks of noncommunicable diseases. However, limited studies have examined its association with sarcopenia in older adults. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between neighborhood walk score and risks of sarcopenia in a sample of older Taiwanese adults. DESIGN AND SETTING This study was a cross-sectional investigation using telephone-based survey. PARTICIPANTS A nationwide telephone-based survey targeting older adults (≥ 65 years) was conducted in Taiwan. MEASUREMENTS Data on neighborhood walkability (determined by walk score of residential neighborhood), sarcopenia scores (measured by SARC-F), and personal characteristics were obtained. The relationships between walk score and risks of sarcopenia were examined using generalized additive models. RESULTS A total of 1,056 older adults participated in the survey. In model 1 (sex and age) and model 2 (full-adjusted model), a nonlinear association between neighborhood walk score and risks of sarcopenia was observed. Results showed that risks of sarcopenia appear to be lower in neighborhoods with a 40-walk score (Car-Dependent; most errands require a car) and an 80-walk score (Very Walkable) and highest in the neighborhood with a 60-walk score (Somewhat Walkable). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed a nonlinear relationship between neighborhood walkability and risks of sarcopenia in older adults in Asian context. Results provided information to urban designers and public health practitioners that more walkable neighborhood may not necessarily protect older adults from risks of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Park
- Jeong Su Cho, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan 49241, Korea, ; Liao Yung, Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei 106, Taiwan,
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Zhong S, Lee C, Lee H. Community Environments That Promote Intergenerational Interactions vs. Walking Among Older Adults. Front Public Health 2020; 8:587363. [PMID: 33344399 PMCID: PMC7744414 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.587363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intergenerational interactions and walking are two of the most beneficial forms of activities for older adults. As older adults spend most of their time at or near home, the characteristics of the proximate residential environments are particularly important for supporting those activities. This study aims to (1) explore places used for various social interactions older adults engage in, (2) examine specific neighborhood environmental features associated with intergenerational interactions, and (3) compare similarities and differences in environmental correlates of intergenerational interactions vs. walking. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reported survey data from 455 community-dwelling adults aged 65+ from Austin, Texas, as well as Geographic Information System (GIS) measures capturing the neighborhood environment around each participant's home. Descriptive statistics were used for Aim 1. Multivariable binary logistic models were used for Aims 2 and 3, to identify environmental variables predicting the odds of participating in intergenerational interactions (with children 1+ times/week, and with children, teenagers, or adults 1+ times/week) in one's neighborhood, as well as walking 1+ times/week for transportation or recreation purposes. Results: Participants had a mean age of 73 years, and were primarily female (72.1%) and non-Hispanic white (72.8%). Older adults interacted frequently with adults (79.2%, 1+ times/week) and other older adults (66.9%) in their neighborhood, while less frequently with children (28.0%) and teenagers (21.9%). Recreational walking (73.3%, 1+ times/week) was more popular for older adults than transportation walking (43.8%). Multivariable analyses showed that neighborhood perceptions, transportation infrastructure, land uses, land covers, population densities, development activities, and composite scores were significant predictors of intergenerational activities. Both similarities and differences were found in terms of the neighborhood environmental factors associated with intergenerational interactions vs. walking although differences were more evident in the domains of land covers, development activities, and composite scores. Conclusions: Given the significant health benefits, promoting intergenerational interactions and walking among older adults should be a national/global responsibility. Further work is needed to improve our understanding of the specific social and physical environmental facilitators as well as barriers to creating intergenerational communities that can support healthy living of all generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Zhong
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Chanam Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Hanwool Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Hino K, Usui H, Hanazato M. Three-Year Longitudinal Association Between Built Environmental Factors and Decline in Older Adults' Step Count: Gaining insights for Age-Friendly Urban Planning and Design. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4247. [PMID: 32545896 PMCID: PMC7344418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the longitudinal association between the change in the step count of older adults and the neighborhood-built environment (BE) in Yokohama, Japan. We analyzed pedometer data in March 2016 and March 2019 that were acquired from 21,557 older adults aged 65-79 years at baseline, who lived in 758 neighborhoods in Yokohama City and participated in the Yokohama Walking Point Program (YWPP). Six BE variables were computed, for each of which neighborhoods were classified into quartiles. Using multilevel regression analysis, we examined the association between the BE variables, baseline step count, and change in step count. Higher population density, lower intersection density, and the second shortest quartile of the average distance to the nearest railway station were associated with a higher baseline step count. A lower intersection density and shorter average distance to the nearest railway station were associated with a smaller decline. The lowest quartile of population density was inversely associated with step-count decline. In conclusion, the neighborhood BEs were not only associated with their step count at baseline, but also widened the disparity of the step count over the three years. These findings would contribute to creating age-friendly cities where older adults can maintain and promote their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Hino
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Usui
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
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