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Koopmans PJ, Ismaeel A, Goljanek-Whysall K, Murach KA. The roles of miRNAs in adult skeletal muscle satellite cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:228-238. [PMID: 37879420 PMCID: PMC10911817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Satellite cells are bona fide muscle stem cells that are indispensable for successful post-natal muscle growth and regeneration after severe injury. These cells also participate in adult muscle adaptation in several capacities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of mRNA that are implicated in several aspects of stem cell function. There is evidence to suggest that miRNAs affect satellite cell behavior in vivo during development and myogenic progenitor behavior in vitro, but the role of miRNAs in adult skeletal muscle satellite cells is less studied. In this review, we provide evidence for how miRNAs control satellite cell function with emphasis on satellite cells of adult skeletal muscle in vivo. We first outline how miRNAs are indispensable for satellite cell viability and control the phases of myogenesis. Next, we discuss the interplay between miRNAs and myogenic cell redox status, senescence, and communication to other muscle-resident cells during muscle adaptation. Results from recent satellite cell miRNA profiling studies are also summarized. In vitro experiments in primary myogenic cells and cell lines have been invaluable for exploring the influence of miRNAs, but we identify a need for novel genetic tools to further interrogate how miRNAs control satellite cell behavior in adult skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Jan Koopmans
- Exercise Science Research Center, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Exercise Science Research Center, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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2
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Zhang X, Ma L, Wang J. Cross-Regulation Between Redox and Epigenetic Systems in Tumorigenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:445-471. [PMID: 37265163 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox and epigenetics are two important regulatory processes of cell physiological functions. The cross-regulation between these processes has critical effects on the occurrence and development of various types of tumors. Recent Advances: The core factor that influences redox balance is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The ROS functions as a double-edged sword in tumors: Low levels of ROS promote tumors, whereas excessive ROS induces various forms of tumor cell death, including apoptosis and ferroptosis as well as necroptosis and pyroptosis. Many studies have shown that the redox balance is influenced by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNAs (microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA), and RNA N6-methyladenosine modification. Several oxidizing or reducing substances also affect the epigenetic state. Critical Issues: In this review, we summarize research on the cross-regulation between redox and epigenetics in cancer and discuss the relevant molecular mechanisms. We also discuss the current research on the clinical applications. Future Directions: Future research can use high-throughput methods to analyze the molecular mechanisms of the cross-regulation between redox and epigenetics using both in vitro and in vivo models in more detail, elucidate regulatory mechanisms, and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 445-471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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3
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Pietrangelo T, Santangelo C, Bondi D, Cocci P, Piccinelli R, Piacenza F, Rosato E, Azman SNA, Binetti E, Farina M, Locatelli M, Brunetti V, Le Donne C, Marramiero L, Di Filippo ES, Verratti V, Fulle S, Scollo V, Palermo F. Endurance-dependent urinary extracellular vesicle signature: shape, metabolic miRNAs, and purine content distinguish triathletes from inactive people. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:691-709. [PMID: 37156970 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with bioactive molecules have gained considerable attention in nanotechnology because they are critical to intercellular communication while maintaining low immunological impact. Among biological matrices, urine has emerged as a noninvasive source of extracellular-contained liquid biopsy, currently of interest as a readout for physiological adaptations. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate chronic adaptations of endurance sport practice in terms of urinary EV parameters and evaluated by food consumption assessment. Two balanced groups of 13 inactive controls vs. triathlon athletes were enrolled; their urinary EVs were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation and analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The cargo was analyzed by means of purine and miRNA content through HPLC-UV and qRT-PCR. Specific urinary EV signatures differentiated inactive versus endurance-trained in terms of peculiar shape. Particularly, a spheroid shape, smaller size, and lower roughness characterize EVs from triathletes. Metabolic and regulatory miRNAs often associated with skeletal muscle (i.e., miR378a-5p, miR27a-3p, miR133a, and miR206) also accounted for a differential signature. These miRNAs and guanosine in urinary EVs can be used as a readout for metabolic status along with the shape and roughness of EVs, novel informative parameters that are rarely considered. The network models allow scholars to entangle nutritional and exercise factors related to EVs' miRNA and purine content to depict metabolic signatures. All in all, multiplex biophysical and molecular analyses of urinary EVs may serve as promising prospects for research in exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmen Santangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Raffaela Piccinelli
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale di Riposo e Cura per Anziani, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell'Invecchiamento, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrica Rosato
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S N Afifa Azman
- Department of Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Binetti
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Lecce, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council of Italy, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Farina
- Department of Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Virgilio Brunetti
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marramiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Scollo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Wang Q, Jiang F, Zhao C, Song J, Hu M, Lv Y, Duan Y, Fang W, Ding R, Qiu Y. miR-21-5p prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by downregulating BTG2. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15451. [PMID: 37131441 PMCID: PMC10149273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis has been characterized as one of the major mechanisms underlying doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy. MicroRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) was reported to mitigate ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac injury. However, to our knowledge, the functional role of miR-21-5p in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy is unclear. In this study, we explored the role of miR-21-5p in DOX-induced cardiac injury. The expression level of miR-21-5p was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the potential target gene of miR-21-5p. The apoptosis rate of NRCMs was detected by TUNEL staining assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase3, cleaved-Caspase3 and BTG2. For animal studies, mice were injected with AAV9-miR-21-5p or AAV9-Empty viruses, and treated with DOX at a dose of 5 mg/kg per week through intraperitoneally administration. After 4 weeks of DOX treatment, mice were subjected to echocardiography to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS). Results showed that miR-21-5p was upregulated in both DOX-treated primary cardiomyocytes and mouse heart tissues. Interestingly, enhanced miR-21-5p expression inhibited DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress, while decreased miR-21-5p expression promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress. Furthermore, cardiac overexpression of miR-21-5p protected against DOX-induced cardiac injury. The mechanistic study indicated that BTG2 was a target gene of miR-21-5p. The anti-apoptotic effect of miR-21-5p could be inhibited by BTG2 overexpression. Conversely, inhibition of BTG2 rescued the pro-apoptotic effect of miR-21-5p inhibitor. Taken together, our study showed that miR-21-5p could prevent DOX-induced cardiomyopathy by downregulating BTG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Heart Medicine Research Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chenglin Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiaxin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Meiyu Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yicheng Lv
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenqian Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Rongjing Ding
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yan Qiu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Corresponding author.
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Wang F, Jia T, Wang Y, Hu H, Wang Y, Chang L, Shen X, Liu G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure was associated with microRNA differential expression and neurotransmitter changes: a cross-sectional study in coal miners. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14838-14848. [PMID: 36161575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may cause neurobehavioral changes. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of PAH neurotoxicity in coal miners. Urinary PAH metabolites, neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress biomarkers of 652 coal miners were examined. Subjects were divided into high and low-exposure groups based on the median of total urinary PAH metabolites. Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened from 5 samples in the low-exposure group (≤ 4.88 μmol/mol Cr) and 5 samples in the high-exposure group (> 4.88 μmol/mol Cr) using microarray technology, followed by bioinformatics analysis of the potential molecular functions of miRNA target genes. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate differentially expressed miRNAs. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were applied to assess the possible dose-response relationships. Compared to the low PAH exposure group, the high-exposure group had higher levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), epinephrine (E), and acetylcholine (ACh), and lower levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). 1-OHP had a dose-response relationship with malondialdehyde (MDA), dopamine (DA), 5-HT, and AChE (P for overall associations < 0.05). There were 19 differentially expressed microRNAs in microarray analysis, significantly enriched in the cell membrane, molecular binding to regulate transcription, and several signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt. And in the validation stage, miR-885-5p, miR-20a-5p, and let-7i-3p showed differences in the low and high-exposure groups (P < 0.05). Changes in neurotransmitters and microRNA expression levels among the coal miners were associated with PAH exposure. Their biological functions are mainly related to the transcriptional regulation of nervous system diseases or signaling pathways of disorders. These findings provide new insights for future research of PAH neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Teng Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haiyuan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- Xishan Coal and Electricity (Group) Co., Ltd. Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaisheng Liu
- Xishan Coal and Electricity (Group) Co., Ltd. Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Center, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Antioxidants Supplementation During Exercise: Friends or Enemies for Cardiovascular Homeostasis? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:51-62. [PMID: 35921051 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is a preferred strategy for improving cardiac function, especially for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress is involved in exercise-induced cardioprotection, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, the effect of antioxidant supplementation during or post-exercise still exists despite divergences. To explore the effect of oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation on cardiovascular homeostasis during or post-exercise, we take insights into the progress of exercise-induced oxidative stress, antioxidant supplementation, and cardiovascular homeostasis. In particular, antioxidants such as vitamin C or E, gamma-oryzanol, and other natural antioxidants are discussed concerning regulating exercise-associated oxidative stress. Additionally, our present study reviewed and discussed a meta-analysis of antioxidant supplementation during exercise. Overall, we take an insight into the essential biological adaptations in response to exercise and the effects of antioxidant supplementation on cardiac function, which aid us in giving recommendations on antioxidant supplementation for exercisers and exercised people. A better understanding of these issues will broaden our knowledge of exercise physiology.
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7
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Li J, Sha Z, Zhu X, Xu W, Yuan W, Yang T, Jin B, Yan Y, Chen R, Wang S, Yao J, Xu J, Wang Z, Li G, Das S, Yang L, Xiao J. Targeting miR-30d reverses pathological cardiac hypertrophy. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104108. [PMID: 35752105 PMCID: PMC9240797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological cardiac hypertrophy occurs in response to numerous stimuli and precedes heart failure (HF). Therapies that ameliorate pathological cardiac hypertrophy are highly needed. Methods The expression level of miR-30d was analyzed in hypertrophy models and serum of patients with chronic heart failure by qRT-PCR. Gain and loss-of-function experiments of miR-30d were performed in vitro. miR-30d gain of function were performed in vivo. Bioinformatics, western blot, luciferase assay, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence were performed to examine the molecular mechanisms of miR-30d. Findings miR-30d was decreased in both murine and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) models of hypertrophy. miR-30d overexpression ameliorated phenylephrine (PE) and angiotensin II (Ang II) induced hypertrophy in NRCMs, whereas the opposite phenotype was observed when miR-30d was downregulated. Consistently, the miR-30d transgenic rat was found to protect against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced pathological hypertrophy. Mechanistically, methyltransferase EZH2 could promote H3K27me3 methylation in the promotor region of miR-30d and suppress its expression during the pathological cardiac hypertrophy. miR-30d prevented pathological cardiac hypertrophy via negatively regulating its target genes MAP4K4 and GRP78 and inhibiting pro-hypertrophic nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 mediated-miR-30d overexpression exhibited beneficial effects in murine hypertrophic model. Notably, miR-30d was reduced in serum of patients with chronic heart failure and miR-30d overexpression could significantly ameliorate pathological hypertrophy in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Interpretation Overexpression of miR-30d may be a potential approach to treat pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Funding This work was supported by the grants from National Key Research and Development Project (2018YFE0113500 to J Xiao), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82020108002 to J Xiao, 81900359 to J Li), the grant from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20DZ2255400 and 21XD1421300 to J Xiao, 22010500200 to J Li), Shanghai Sailing Program (19YF1416400 to J Li), the “Dawn” Program of Shanghai Education Commission (19SG34 to J Xiao), the “Chen Guang” project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (19CG45 to J Li).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhao Sha
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wanru Xu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weilin Yuan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bing Jin
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuwei Yan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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8
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ROS-Related miRNAs Regulate Immune Response and Chemoradiotherapy Sensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Comprehensive Analysis and Experiment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4713518. [PMID: 35585886 PMCID: PMC9110211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4713518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an essential role in the development of cancer. Here, we chose ROS-related miRNAs for consensus clustering analysis and ROS score construction. We find that ROS is extremely associated with prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), gene mutations, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, and chemotherapy sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, ROS may affect the prognosis of HCC patients in numerous ways. Moreover, miR-210-3p and miR-106a-5p significantly increased the ROS level and stagnated cell cycle at G2/M in HCC; the results were more obvious in cells after ionizing radiation (IR). Finally, the two miRNAs suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in huh7 and smmc7721 cells. It indicated that ROS might affect the prognosis of HCC patients through immune response and increase the sensitivity of HCC patients to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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9
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Li J, Chen R, Zheng Y, Yuan W, Yang T, Zhu X, Yan Y, Jin B, Xu W, Zhang Z, Li G, Gokulnath P, Lei Z, Xiao J. Engineered Circular RNA CircmiR‐29b Attenuates Muscle Atrophy by Sponging MiR‐29b. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Division of Pain Management Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Weilin Yuan
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yuwei Yan
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Bing Jin
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Wanru Xu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zhongrong Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Department of Cardiology Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology University Medical Center Utrecht 3508GA Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) School of Medicine Shanghai University Nantong 226011 China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
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10
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Abstract
Trainability is an adaptive response to given exercise loads and must be localized to the targeted physiological function since exercise-induced acute and chronic adaptations are systemic. Lack of adaptation or moderate level of adaptation in one organ or one physiological function would not mean that other organs or functions would not benefit from exercise training. The most beneficial training load could easily be different for skeletal muscle, brain, the gastro-intestinal track, or the immune systems. Hence, the term of non-responders should be used with caution and just referred to a given organ, cell type, molecular signaling, or function. The present paper aims to highlight some, certainly not all, issues on trainability especially related to muscle and cardiovascular system. The specificity of trainability and the systemic nature of exercise-induced adaptation are discussed, and the paper aims to provide suggestions on how to improve performance when faced with non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Zsolt Radak,
| | - Albert W. Taylor
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Liu Q, Deng J, Qiu Y, Gao J, Li J, Guan L, Lee H, Zhou Q, Xiao J. Non-coding RNA basis of muscle atrophy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1066-1078. [PMID: 34786211 PMCID: PMC8569427 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a common complication of many chronic diseases including heart failure, cancer cachexia, aging, etc. Unhealthy habits and usage of hormones such as dexamethasone can also lead to muscle atrophy. However, the underlying mechanisms of muscle atrophy are not completely understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play vital roles in muscle atrophy. This review mainly discusses the regulation of ncRNAs in muscle atrophy induced by various factors such as heart failure, cancer cachexia, aging, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral nerve injury (PNI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), unhealthy habits, and usage of hormones; highlights the findings of ncRNAs as common regulators in multiple types of muscle atrophy; and summarizes current therapies and underlying mechanisms for muscle atrophy. This review will deepen the understanding of skeletal muscle biology and provide new strategies and insights into gene therapy for muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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12
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Xiao J, Rosenzweig A. Exercise and cardiovascular protection: Update and future. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:607-608. [PMID: 34793994 PMCID: PMC8724613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Makkos A, Ágg B, Petrovich B, Varga ZV, Görbe A, Ferdinandy P. Systematic review and network analysis of microRNAs involved in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and infarction: Involvement of redox signalling. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:237-251. [PMID: 33965565 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) and its pathological consequences are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, cardioprotective therapeutics are still not on the market. Oxidative stress, a major contributing factor to myocardial I/R, changes transcription of coding and non-coding RNAs, alters post-transcriptional modulations, and regulate protein function. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression can be altered by oxidative stress and microRNAs may also regulate cytoprotective mechanisms and exert cardioprotection againts I/R. Transcriptomic analysis of I/R and oxidative stress-induced alterations followed by microRNA-mRNA target interaction network analysis may reveal microRNAs and their mRNA targets that may play a role in cardioprotection and serve as microRNA therapeutics or novel molecular targets for further drug development. Here we provide a summary of a systematic literature review and in silico molecular network analysis to reveal important cardioprotective microRNAs and their molecular targets that may provide cardioprotection via regulation of redox signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Makkos
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bence Ágg
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Petrovich
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722, Szeged, Hungary.
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14
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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Place N, Kayser B, Zanou N. The Muscle-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Role of Mitochondria in Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6479. [PMID: 34204228 PMCID: PMC8235687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is associated with pronounced health benefits. The molecular processes involved in physiological adaptations to exercise are best understood in skeletal muscle. Enhanced mitochondrial functions in muscle are central to exercise-induced adaptations. However, regular exercise also benefits the brain and is a major protective factor against neurodegenerative diseases, such as the most common age-related form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, Parkinson's disease. While there is evidence that exercise induces signalling from skeletal muscle to the brain, the mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk along the muscle-brain axis is incompletely understood. Mitochondria in both organs, however, seem to be central players. Here, we provide an overview on the central role of mitochondria in exercise-induced communication routes from muscle to the brain. These routes include circulating factors, such as myokines, the release of which often depends on mitochondria, and possibly direct mitochondrial transfer. On this basis, we examine the reported effects of different modes of exercise on mitochondrial features and highlight their expected benefits with regard to neurodegeneration prevention or mitigation. In addition, knowledge gaps in our current understanding related to the muscle-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Molecular Portrait of an Athlete. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061095. [PMID: 34203902 PMCID: PMC8232626 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of the human genome and further developments in "omics" technologies have opened up new possibilities in the study of molecular mechanisms underlying athletic performance. It is expected that molecular markers associated with the development and manifestation of physical qualities (speed, strength, endurance, agility, and flexibility) can be successfully used in the selection systems in sports. This includes the choice of sports specialization, optimization of the training process, and assessment of the current functional state of an athlete (such as overtraining). This review summarizes and analyzes the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies conducted in the field of sports medicine.
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16
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Oxidative Free Radicals and Other Species: Selective Messengers with a Reactive Capacity for Unselective Tissue Damage. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and nitrogen free radicals (RONS) form an exceptionally reactive molecular assembly within eukaryote cells. This perspective article gives a combined overview of different facets of research covering molecular reactivity, resultant tissue damage and final tissue outcomes as they relate to major disease. There is an emphasis on cardiovascular disease, as the damage processes are best liked to the pathology. The overriding importance of inflammation in driving damage across all tissues is highlighted. Brief coverage is also provided of measurement approaches, respectively for antioxidant status, using potentiometry, and voltammetry for selected target species. Whilst damage due to RONS is a common focus, the fundamental importance of RONS to biological signalling is also covered here as an indispensable basis for life. The article thus provides a global overview of this topic for anyone wishing to understand the current status across multiple fronts.
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17
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Loussouarn C, Pers YM, Bony C, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulate the Mitochondrial Metabolism via Transfer of miRNAs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623973. [PMID: 33796099 PMCID: PMC8007981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most commonly tested adult progenitor cells in regenerative medicine. They stimulate tissue repair primarily through the secretion of immune-regulatory and pro-regenerative factors. There is increasing evidence that most of these factors are carried on extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released by MSCs, either spontaneously or after activation. Exosomes and microvesicles are the most investigated types of EVs that act through uptake by target cells and cargo release inside the cytoplasm or through interactions with receptors expressed on target cells to stimulate downstream intracellular pathways. They convey different types of molecules, including proteins, lipids and acid nucleics among which, miRNAs are the most widely studied. The cargo of EVs can be impacted by the culture or environmental conditions that MSCs encounter and by changes in the energy metabolism that regulate the functional properties of MSCs. On the other hand, MSC-derived EVs are also reported to impact the metabolism of target cells. In the present review, we discuss the role of MSC-EVs in the regulation of the energy metabolism and oxidative stress of target cells and tissues with a focus on the role of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Loussouarn
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves-Marie Pers
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Bony
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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