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Peng QY, Xie MH, Pan XK, Li Y, Gao L, Xu F, Wu CX, Yang MF. Morphology and distribution of sensilla on antennae and mouthparts of the adult bruchid beetles, Bruchidius coreanus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:922-932. [PMID: 38173320 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bruchidius coreanus is a serious pest on Gleditsia sinensis Lam during seed storage, causing significant losses to their yield in southwest China. To gain insight into their behavioral mechanisms, the external morphology, ultrastructure, and distribution of sensilla on antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of both male and female B. coreanus were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that both male and female adults had serrated antennae comprising a scape, a pedicel, and nine flagellomeres (F1-F9). There were eight types and seven subtypes of antenna sensilla observed in both sexes, including Böhm sensilla (BS), two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SC1 and SC2), two subtypes of sensilla trichodea (ST1 and ST2), three subtypes of sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2, and SB3), sensilla auricillica (SA), sensilla styloconicum (SS), capitate pegs (CP), and sensilla cavity (SCa). The average length of BS and ST (ST1 and ST2) showed significant differences between males and females. Furthermore, the number of SC (SC1 and SC2), ST1, and SCa differed significantly between the sexes. Four types of sensilla were found on the maxillary palps and labial palps, with the length of ST on these palps significantly differing between males and females. Additionally, SS on male labial palps was significantly longer than in females. The number of SC significantly differed between the male and female maxillary palps and labial palps, while ST and SS showed significant differences in the maxillary palps. These findings will contribute to further electrophysiological recording and behavioral research. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The external morphology and distribution of various sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of Bruchidius coreanus were described. Eight types and seven subtypes of antenna sensilla were observed on the antennae, while four types of sensilla were observed on the maxillary palps and labial palps. The capitate pegs were found exclusively on the antennae of female B. coreanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yan Peng
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming-Hui Xie
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiu-Kui Pan
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - You Li
- Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Key Laboratory of National Forest, Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangling Xu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng-Xu Wu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agriculture, Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Song S, Tang Y, Feng R, Zhang X, An Y, Kong W, Wang J, Zhang J, Liang J. Bioactivities and Synergistic Effect of Elsholtzia ciliata Essential Oil and Its Main Components against Lasioderma serricorne. Molecules 2024; 29:1924. [PMID: 38731415 PMCID: PMC11085295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigations have shown that storage bugs seriously harm grains during storage. In the interim, essential oils (EOs) have been proven to be a good botanical pesticide. The anti-Lasioderma serricorne properties of Elsholtzia ciliata essential oil, which was obtained by steam distillation, were evaluated using DL-limonene, carvone, and their two optical isomer components using contact, repelling, and fumigation techniques. Simultaneously, the fumigation, contact, and repellent activities of carvone and its two optical isomers mixed with DL-limonene against L. serruricorne were evaluated. The results showed that E. ciliata, its main components (R-carvone, DL-limonene), and S-carvone exhibited both fumigations (LC50 = 14.47, 4.42, 20.9 and 3.78 mg/L) and contact (LD50 = 7.31, 4.03, 28.62 and 5.63 µg/adult) activity against L.serricorne. A binary mixture (1:1) of R-carvone and DL-limonene displayed an obvious synergistic effect. A binary mixture (1:1) of carvone and its two optical isomers exhibited an obvious synergistic effect, too. Furthermore, the repellent activity of the EO, carvone, and its two optical isomers, DL-limonene, and a combination of them varied. To stop insect damage during storage, E. ciliata and its components can be utilized as bio-insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Song
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yufei Tang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rui Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yue An
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibao Kong
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junlong Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Abd El-Ghany NM, Abd El-Aziz SE, Faucheux MJ. The ultrastructure of nymphal dermal pores and the genitalia of adult male of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Sci Rep 2024; 14:1227. [PMID: 38216588 PMCID: PMC10786905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, has established itself as an invasive insect pest worldwide. It causes structural and physiological damage to various crops and can cause substantial financial losses in their production. The successful reproduction of this pest under a wide range of conditions is a key to its success. Despite this, the morphology of its genitalia, genital sensilla, and wax-producing dermal pores has received little attention, with little descriptions of their ultrastructure. By investigating those features with SEM, the present study revealed considerable new insights into the identification of the nymphal and adult stages of P. solenopsis. In addition, the description of the ultrastructural genital morphology of the immature stages of P. solenopsis has revealed characteristics that facilitate their discrimination. Trilocular pores were observed on both sides of the body, while the quinquelocular pores were distributed only on the ventral surface in both the first and second nymphal instars. The adult male is characterized by two pairs of waxy caudal filaments surrounded by clusters of 55 to 60 stellate pores, and each pregenital segment bears a pair of stellate pores composed of 4 or 5 peripheral loculi. Sensilla trichodea and numerous microtrichia are present on the pregenital segments. The penile sheath bears three subtypes of sensilla basiconica and also campaniformia, whereas the style bears three subtypes of sensilla campaniformia. The findings of this study could assist in the identification of the adult and nymphal stages of P. solenopsis, and also provide insights into the structures found on the genitalia of the adult male that possibly have an important role in mating events and copulatory behavior. Furthermore, these findings were able to contribute to better understanding the functional morphology of P. solenopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen M Abd El-Ghany
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street (Formerly El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Shadia E Abd El-Aziz
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street (Formerly El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Michel J Faucheux
- Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie des Insectes Sociaux, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, B. P. 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Wang K, Lu Y, Bai M, Sun Y, Hao Y. The Microscopic Morphology of Mouthparts and Their Sensilla in the Mycophagous Ladybeetle Illeis chinensis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:46. [PMID: 38249052 PMCID: PMC10816638 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The morphological diversity of insect mouthparts is closely related to changes in food sources and diets. Research into the structures of insect mouthparts may help to establish a fundamental basis for a better understanding of insect feeding mechanisms. In this study, we examined the fine morphology of the mouthparts of Illeis chinensis using scanning electron microscopy. We paid particular attention to the types, quantities, and distribution of sensilla on the mouthparts. Our results showed that the basic components of the mouthparts of I. chinensis are the same as those in other lady beetles, i.e., the labrum, mandible, maxillae, labium, and hypopharynx. We also found structural specialization indicating adaptation to fungal feeding. On the mouthparts, there are eight kinds of sensilla and two kinds of glandular structures, including sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla placodea, sensilla digitiformia, Böhm bristles, perforated plates, and cuticular pores. This is the first time that sensilla digitiformia has been reported in ladybirds. Finally, variations in mouthparts among ladybirds with differing diets, as well as the putative functions of each of the mouthparts and sensilla, were discussed. This research can provide a reference for understanding the functions of the mouthparts in ladybird feeding behavior and thereby contribute to the development of precise insect behavior regulation and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China; (Y.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China; (Y.L.); (M.B.)
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuanxing Sun
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yanan Hao
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.W.); (Y.S.)
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Wang XY, Hua BZ. Flagellar sensilla of the hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng and Bittacus sinicus Issiki (Mecoptera: Bittacidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2023; 76:101297. [PMID: 37607434 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Adult hangingflies are very sensitive to humidity, thereby frequently being used as ecological indicators to assess the degradation of the environment, especially forest ecosystems. Studies on the sense organs associated with hygro- and thermo-sensitivity, however, have been scant. Here, the ultramorphology and distribution of the flagellar sensilla were investigated in the adult hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng, 1949 and Bittacus sinicus Issiki, 1931 using scanning electron microscopy. Four types of sensilla are identified in B. planus, including sensilla campaniformia, sensilla chaetica (SC1, SC2), sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2), and sensilla coeloconica. In B. sinicus, sensilla chaetica III are present additionally from 7th to 14th flagellomeres. Abundant sensilla coeloconica are present on the flagella of Bittacus. Sensilla basiconica I are situated at the joints of flagellomeres. Sensilla campaniformia are densely distributed on the basal half of the first flagellomere, but scarcely on other flagellomeres. Sensilla chaetica II are present on the distal three flagellomeres. The size, abundance, and distribution of flagellar sensilla differ considerably between B. planus and B. sinicus. We infer that the abundance of sensilla coeloconica is likely associated with the hygro- and thermo-sensitivity in Bittacidae. Studies of flagellar sensilla can provide valuable information for subsequent electrophysiological, behavioral, biogeographical, and phylogenetic analyses of Bittacidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Abd El-Ghany NM, Zhou JJ, Dewer Y. Antennal sensory structures of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Front Zool 2022; 19:33. [PMID: 36517816 PMCID: PMC9753239 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-022-00479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the most devastating sap-sucking pests of cultivated plants. The success of P. solenopsis is attributable to its ecological resilience and insecticide resistance, making its control extremely difficult and expensive. Thus, alternative safe approaches are needed to prevent the pest population from reaching the economic threshold. One of these novel approaches is based on the fact that chemical communication via the olfactory system drives critical behaviors required for the survival and development of the species. This knowledge can be useful for controlling insect pests using traps based on semiochemicals. The antennae of insects are an invaluable model for studying the fundamentals of odor perception. Several efforts have been made to investigate the histological and ultrastructural organization of the olfactory organs, such as the antennae and maxillary palps, in many insect species. However, studies on the antennal sensory structures of Phenacoccus species are lacking. Furthermore, although enormous progress has been made in understanding the antennal structures of many mealybug species, the olfactory sensilla in the antennae of P. solenopsis have not yet been described. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla in male and female P. solenopsis using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Our results revealed that the entire antennae length and the number of flagellar segments were different between the sexes. Eight morphological types of sensilla were identified on male antennae: trichoid sensilla, chaetic sensilla (three subtypes), basiconic sensilla (two subtypes), and campaniform sensilla (two subtypes). Six morphological types of sensilla were found on female antennae. Sensilla chaetica of subtype 2 and campaniform sensilla of subtype 1 were distributed only on male antennae, suggesting that these sensilla are involved in the recognition of female sex pheromones. The subtype 1 of sensilla chaetica was significantly more abundant on female antennae than on male ones, while subtype 3 was only located on the terminal flagellar segment of the antenna in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insightful information for future electrophysiological and behavioral studies on chemical communication in insects, particularly the cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis that could help in developing new strategies for controlling this economically important insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen M. Abd El-Ghany
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Pests and Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- grid.418376.f0000 0004 1800 7673Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 7 Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
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Giglio A, Mazzei A, Vommaro ML, Brandmayr P. Antennal sensilla in an anophthalmic wood-dwelling species, Clinidium canaliculatum, Costa 1839 (Coleoptera, Rhysodidae). Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1005-1015. [PMID: 34676944 PMCID: PMC9298086 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The habit of feeding on slime moulds (Myxomycetes) commonly present in litter or dead wood requires specific morphological adaptations of the mouthparts and sensory structures involved in the search for habitat and food. In this study, the external morphology of antenna and its sensilla were studied using scanning electron microscopy in the saproxylic beetle, Clinidium canaliculatum, Costa 1839 (Coleoptera, Rhysodidae). Their moniliform antennae consist of a scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres. We identified seven different types of sensilla, according to their morphological characteristics: two types of sensilla chaetica (sc1 and 2), two types of sensilla basiconica (sb1 and 2), one type of sensilla campaniformia, one type of sensilla coeloconica, and Böhm sensilla. No sexual dimorphism was found regarding antennal morphology and sensilla type and distribution, except for the sensilla coeloconica. The functional role of these sensilla was discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution, and compared with the current knowledge on coleopteran sense organs. Results are basic information for further physiological and behavioral studies to identify their role in the selection of habitat, food, mates and oviposition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzei
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Vommaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Pietro Brandmayr
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Abd El-Ghany NM, Faucheux MJ. Sensory structures on the larval antennae and mouthparts of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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