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Virani A, Dholaria N, Matharoo N, Michniak-Kohn B. A Study of Microemulsion Systems for Transdermal Delivery of Risperidone Using Penetration Enhancers. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:3109-3119. [PMID: 37429357 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize microemulsion formulations using penetration enhancers as potential transdermal delivery systems for risperidone. Initially, a simple formulation of risperidone in Propylene Glycol (PG) was prepared as a control formulation, together with formulations incorporating various penetration enhancers, alone and/or in combination, and also microemulsion formulations with various chemical penetration enhancers, were prepared and all were evaluated for risperidone transdermal delivery. An ex-vivo permeation study was carried out using human cadaver skin and vertical glass Franz diffusion cells to compare all the microemulsion formulations. The microemulsion prepared from oleic acid as the oil (15%), Tween 80 (15%) as the surfactant and isopropyl alcohol (20%) as the co-surfactant, and water (50%) showed higher permeation with a flux value of 32.50±3.60 ug/hr/sq.cm, a globule size of 2.96±0.01 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.33±0.02 and pH of 4.95. This novel in vitro research disclosed that an optimized microemulsion formulated using penetration enhancers was able to increase permeation of risperidone by 14-fold compared to the control formulation. The data suggested that microemulsions may be useful in the delivery of risperidone via the transdermal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitkumar Virani
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Nirali Dholaria
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Namrata Matharoo
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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Donthi MR, Munnangi SR, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanoemulgel: A Novel Nano Carrier as a Tool for Topical Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010164. [PMID: 36678794 PMCID: PMC9863395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-emulgel is an emerging drug delivery system intended to enhance the therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Lipophilic formulations have a variety of limitations, which includes poor solubility, unpredictable absorption, and low oral bioavailability. Nano-emulgel, an amalgamated preparation of different systems aims to deal with these limitations. The novel system prepared by the incorporation of nano-emulsion into gel improves stability and enables drug delivery for both immediate and controlled release. The focus on nano-emulgel has also increased due to its ability to achieve targeted delivery, ease of application, absence of gastrointestinal degradation or the first pass metabolism, and safety profile. This review focuses on the formulation components of nano-emulgel for topical drug delivery, pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal Reddy Donthi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8239703734
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Sultan MH, Javed S, Madkhali OA, Alam MI, Almoshari Y, Bakkari MA, Sivadasan D, Salawi A, Jabeen A, Ahsan W. Development and Optimization of Methylcellulose-Based Nanoemulgel Loaded with Nigella sativa Oil for Oral Health Management: Quadratic Model Approach. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061796. [PMID: 35335159 PMCID: PMC8954538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a local dental nanoemulgel formulation of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) for the treatment of periodontal diseases. NSO purchased from a local market was characterized using a GC–MS technique. A nanoemulsion containing NSO was prepared and incorporated into a methylcellulose gel base to develop the nanoemulgel formulation. The developed formulation was optimized using a Box–Behnken statistical design (quadratic model) with 17 runs. The effects of independent factors, such as water, oil, and polymer concentrations, were studied on two dependent responses, pH and viscosity. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for droplet size, drug release, stability, and antimicrobial efficacy. The developed formulation had a pH of 7.37, viscosity of 2343 cp, and droplet size of 342 ± 36.6 nm. Sustained release of the drug from the gel for up to 8 h was observed, which followed Higuchi release kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion. The developed nanoemulgel formulation showed improved antimicrobial activity compared to the plain NSO. Given the increasing emergence of periodontal diseases and antimicrobial resistance, an effective formulation based on a natural antibacterial agent is warranted as a dental therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H. Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Osama Ali Madkhali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Mohammad Intakhab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Bakkari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Durgaramani Sivadasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Ameena Jabeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (O.A.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.B.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
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Performance of Oleic Acid and Soybean Oil in the Preparation of Oil-in-Water Microemulsions for Encapsulating a Highly Hydrophobic Molecule. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work analyzes the dispersion of a highly hydrophobic molecule, (9Z)-N-(1,3-dihydroxyoctadecan-2-yl)octadec-9-enamide (ceramide-like molecule), with cosmetic and pharmaceutical interest, by exploiting oil-in-water microemulsions. Two different oils, oleic acid and soybean oil, were tested as an oil phase while mixtures of laureth-5-carboxylic acid (Akypo) and 2-propanol were used for the stabilization of the dispersions. This allowed us to obtain stable aqueous-based formulations with a relatively reduced content of oily phase (around 3% w/w), that may enhance the bioavailability of this molecule by its solubilization in nanometric oil droplets (with a size range of 30–80 nm), that allow the incorporation of a ceramide-like molecule of up to 3% w/w, to remain stable for more than a year. The nanometric size of the droplet containing the active ingredient and the stability of the formulations provide the basis for evaluating the efficiency of microemulsions in preparing formulations to enhance the distribution and availability of ceramide-like molecules, helping to reach targets in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Emulsion-Based Multicompartment Vaginal Drug Carriers: From Nanoemulsions to Nanoemulgels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126455. [PMID: 34208652 PMCID: PMC8233730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome the limitations associated with vaginal administration of drugs, e.g., the short contact time of the drug form with the mucosa or continuous carrier wash-out, the development of new carriers for gynecological use is necessary. Furthermore, high individual anatomical and physiological variability resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy of lipophilic active substances requires application of multicompartment drug delivery systems. This manuscript provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of the literature on emulsion-based vaginal dosage forms (EVDF) including macroemulsions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, multiple emulsions and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. The first part of the paper discusses (i) the influence of anatomical-physiological conditions on therapeutic efficacy of drug forms after local and systemic administration, (ii) characterization of EVDF components and the manufacturing techniques of these dosage forms and (iii) methods used to evaluate the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of emulsion-based vaginal dosage forms. The second part of the paper presents (iv) the results of biological and in vivo studies as well as (v) clinical evaluation of EVDF safety and therapeutic efficacy across different indications.
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Balata GF, Shamardl HEM, Abd Elmoneim HM, Hakami AA, Almodhwahi MA. Propolis emulgel: a natural remedy for burn and wound. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1797-1808. [PMID: 29973098 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1496449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an alternative medicine, propolis, in emulgel formulation for burn and wound treatment. METHODS The effect of two independent variables: emulsifying agent concentration and oil concentration on the cumulative amount of propolis release (dependent variable) from liquid paraffin and isopropyl palmitate emulgels was investigated. Eight formulations were prepared and evaluated for physical appearance, pH, propolis content, viscosity, and in vitro propolis release. The release results were fitted into different kinetic equations and analyzed using contour plot, interaction surface plot and one-way ANOVA. The selected emulgel formulation was investigated for its wound and burn healing activity in rats. RESULTS All the prepared emulgels showed acceptable physical properties concerning color, homogeneity, consistency, and pH value. The concentration of emulsifying agent had more pronounced effect on propolis release than oil concentration. Formulations F1-F6 showed "anomalous" drug release, while Formulations F7 and F8 showed zero-order kinetic. CONCLUSION The formulation F7 with 5% isopropyl palmitate, 5% emulsifier mixture, 1% hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, 1% oleic acid, and 10% propylene glycol is a promising formula for better management of wound and burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Fathy Balata
- a Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - HananAbd El-Moneom Shamardl
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , El-Fayoum University , El-Fayoum , Egypt.,c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Umm Al Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mohamed Abd Elmoneim
- d Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Umm AL-Qura University , Makkha , Saudi Arabia.,e Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Minia University , Egypt
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Jagdale S, Pawar S. Gellified Emulsion of Ofloxacin for Transdermal Drug Delivery System. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:229-239. [PMID: 28761825 PMCID: PMC5527237 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antibacterial action, used in treatment of systemic and local infections. Ofloxacin is BCS class II drug having low solubility, high permeability with short half-life. The present work was aimed to design, develop and optimize gellified emulsion of Ofloxacin to provide site targeted drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery will enhance the bioavailability of the drug giving controlled drug release.
Methods: Transdermal drug delivery system was designed with gelling agent (Carbopol 940 and HPMC K100M), oil phase (oleic acid) and emulsifying agent (Tween 80: Span 80). Effect of concentration of gelling agent on release of drug from transdermal delivery was studied by 32 factorial design. Emulgel was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, drug content, viscosity, spreadability, antimicrobial activity, in- vitro diffusion study and ex-vivo diffusion study.
Results: FE-SEM study of the emulsion batch B5 has revealed formation of emulsion globules of approximately size 6-8 µm with -11.2 mV zeta potential showing good stability for the emulsion. Carbopol 940 had shown greater linear effect on drug release and viscosity of the formulations due to its high degree of gelling. In-vitro diffusion study through egg membrane had shown 88.58±1.82 % drug release for optimized batch F4. Ex-vivo diffusion study through goat skin indicated 76.68 ± 2.52% drug release.
Conclusion: Controlled release Ofloxacin emulgel exhibiting good in-vitro and ex-vivo drug release proving good antimicrobial property was formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jagdale
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, MIT campus, Kothrud, Pune (MS) 411038, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
| | - Saylee Pawar
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, MIT campus, Kothrud, Pune (MS) 411038, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
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Mori NM, Patel P, Sheth NR, Rathod LV, Ashara KC. Fabrication and characterization of film-forming voriconazole transdermal spray for the treatment of fungal infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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