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Sajid S, Rahman SU, Mohin M, Sindhu ZUD. Development of egg yolk-based polyclonal antibodies and immunoprophylactic potential of antigen-antibody complex against infectious bursal disease. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 23:100326. [PMID: 38162251 PMCID: PMC10755096 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A study conducted in the Faisalabad district sampled 50 cases across five IBD outbreaks, revealing an alarming 80 % infection rate among poultry. Our research focused on developing an immune complex (Antigen-antibody complex) with potential immunoprophylactic benefits to counter this formidable threat. Our study was based on producing egg yolk-derived polyclonal antibodies (IgY) targeting IBDV. Commercial layer birds were immunized with inactivated IBDV, yielding IgY antibodies extracted from their eggs exhibited substantially higher and more enduring antibody titers, with a geometric mean titer of 104. Further research involved the creation of an immune complex (ICx) where antigen was extracted from infected bursae tissues. The immunogenic response of ICx was assessed in poultry birds after a challenge with a virulent strain of IBD virus and compared to a conventional IBDV vaccine in poultry. Results revealed significantly higher and more enduring antibody titers induced by the ICx, offering enhanced protective immunity against the IBDV challenge, as evidenced by lower Bursa to bodyweight ratios in vaccinated birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Sajid
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mashkoor Mohin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia ud Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sajid S, ur Rahman S, Mohsin M, Sindhu ZUD. Development of an Immune Complex Vaccine against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and its Potential Response in Poultry Birds. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.16.6.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sajid S, Rahman SU, Mohsin M, Sindhu ZUD. Immunogenic Prospect of Immune Complex Antigen as a Substitute of Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine. Poult Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Sajid S, Rahman SU, Mohsin Gilani M, Sindhu ZUD, Ali MB, Hedfi A, Almalki M, Mahmood S. Molecular Characterization and Demographic Study on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Faisalabad District. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254605. [PMID: 34398875 PMCID: PMC8366999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The re-emergence of virulent strains of the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) leads to significant economic losses of poultry industry in Pakistan during last few years. This disease causes the infection of bursa, which leads to major immune losses. A total number of 30 samples from five IBD outbreaks during the period of 2019-20 were collected from different areas of Faisalabad district, Pakistan and assayed by targeting the IBD virus VP2 region through RT-PCR. Among all the outbreaks, almost 80% of poultry birds were found positive for the IBDV. The bursa tissues were collected from the infected birds and histopathological examination of samples revealed severe lymphocytic depletion, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and necrosis of the bursa of Fabricius (BF). Positive samples were subjected to re-isolation and molecular characterization of IBDV. The Pakistan IBDV genes were subjected to DNA sequencing to determine the virus nucleotide sequences. The sequences of 100 Serotype-I IBDVs showing nearest homology were compared and identified with the study sequence. The construction of the phylogenetic tree for nucleotide sequences was accomplished by the neighbor-joining method in MEGA-6 with reference strains. The VP2 segment reassortment of IBDVs carrying segment A were identified as one important type of circulating strains in Pakistan. The findings indicated the molecular features of the Pakistan IBDV strains playing a role in the evolution of new strains of the virus, which will contribute to the vaccine selection and effective prevention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Sajid
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zia ud Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Manel Ben Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hedfi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almalki
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Li J, Zheng SJ. Role of MicroRNAs in Host Defense against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Infection: A Hidden Front Line. Viruses 2020; 12:E543. [PMID: 32423052 PMCID: PMC7291112 DOI: 10.3390/v12050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDV infection and the host response, including apoptosis, autophagy and the inhibition of innate immunity. Not only a number of host proteins interacting with or targeted by viral proteins participate in these processes, but microRNAs (miRNAs) are also involved in the host response to IBDV infection. If an IBDV-host interaction at the protein level is taken imaginatively as the front line of the battle between invaders (pathogens) and defenders (host cells), their fight at the RNA level resembles the hidden front line. miRNAs are a class of non-coding single-stranded endogenous RNA molecules with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides (nt) that play important roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Insights into the roles of viral proteins and miRNAs in host response will add to the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDV infection. The interaction of viral proteins with cellular targets during IBDV infection were previously well-reviewed. This review focuses mainly on the current knowledge of the host response to IBDV infection at the RNA level, in particular, of the nine well-characterized miRNAs that affect cell apoptosis, the innate immune response and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zafar M, Shah MA, Shehzad A, Tariq A, Habib M, Muddassar M, Shah MS, Iqbal M, Hemmatzadeh F, Rahman M. Characterization of the highly immunogenic VP2 protrusion domain as a diagnostic antigen for members of Birnaviridae family. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3391-3402. [PMID: 32088761 PMCID: PMC7222154 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Birnaviridae is a family of viruses (birnaviruses) which consists of four genera, members of which cause diseases in fish, birds, mollusks, and insects. The genome of birnaviruses encodes the highly immunogenic VP2 capsid protein. In order to demonstrate that the VP2 protein can be exploited as a diagnostic antigen for birnaviruses, we developed a lateral flow assay based on the surface-exposed VP2 protrusion domain of a representative birnavirus, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of serotype 1 which causes the highly devastating infectious bursal disease in chickens. The biophysical characterization of the purified domain reveals that the domain predominantly consists of β-sheets, exists in a trimeric form, and remains folded at high temperatures, making it suitable for diagnostic purposes. Owing to its highly immunogenic nature and excellent biophysical properties, we employed the VP2 protrusion domain in a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay for rapid detection of anti-IBDV antibodies in serum samples of infected chickens. Our results indicate that the domain binds anti-IBDV antibodies with high specificity during laboratory testing and on-site testing. The lateral flow assay reported here yields comparable results in a qualitative manner as obtained through a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As VP2 is a common capsid protein of birnaviruses, the lateral flow assay can be generalized for other birnaviruses, and members of Tetraviridae and Nodaviridae families which contain homologous VP2 capsid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zafar
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia,, 5371, Australia
| | - Majid Ali Shah
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mudasser Habib
- Vaccine Development Group, Animal Sciences Division, NIAB, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS-University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia,, 5371, Australia.
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan. .,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia,, 5371, Australia.
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Abaidullah M, Peng S, Kamran M, Song X, Yin Z. Current Findings on Gut Microbiota Mediated Immune Modulation against Viral Diseases in Chicken. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080681. [PMID: 31349568 PMCID: PMC6722953 DOI: 10.3390/v11080681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken gastrointestinal tract is an important site of immune cell development that not only regulates gut microbiota but also maintains extra-intestinal immunity. Recent studies have emphasized the important roles of gut microbiota in shaping immunity against viral diseases in chicken. Microbial diversity and its integrity are the key elements for deriving immunity against invading viral pathogens. Commensal bacteria provide protection against pathogens through direct competition and by the production of antibodies and activation of different cytokines to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. There are few economically important viral diseases of chicken that perturb the intestinal microbiota diversity. Disruption of microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) associates with a variety of pathological states, which facilitate the establishment of acute viral infections in chickens. In this review, we summarize the calibrated interactions among the microbiota mediated immune modulation through the production of different interferons (IFNs) ILs, and virus-specific IgA and IgG, and their impact on the severity of viral infections in chickens. Here, it also shows that acute viral infection diminishes commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Firmicutes, and Blautia spp. populations and enhances the colonization of pathobionts, including E. coli, Shigella, and Clostridial spp., in infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abaidullah
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuwei Peng
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Phylogenetic analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease viruses according to newly proposed model of classification into geno-groups. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:410-418. [PMID: 30651212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), the disease causes immunosuppression which leads to secondary infections among rearing poultry flocks. Characterization of the virus is important for its control and eradication. The circulating IBDVs are classified on the basis of their antigenic and pathogenic properties. The virus is categorised as classical, variant and very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). IBDV is a non-envelop, icosahedral double stranded virus. Viral protein 2 (VP2) is the major structural protein of capsid that determines the host-pathogen relationship. The aim of this study was to characterise the IBD virus of Pak-Asian region. METHODOLOGY IBDV suspected flocks were examined in Punjab, Pakistan from 2014-2018. Two hundred and fifty samples were collected with complete history of the disease. The suspected samples were collected from broiler, layer and rural poultry farms. RNA was extracted and hyper-variable region of VP2 gene was amplified using specific primers. Nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene was determined and its Amino Acid sequence was deduced. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis was also performed. RESULTS The current classifications based in a hyper-variable region of the capsid protein VP2 (hvVP2), classification of IBDVs is split into newly proposed geno-groups according to Jackwood group. Among these prevailing, some IBDVs are limited geographically whereas, others are reported cosmopolitan. Genetic alterations are continuously playing role in evolution of new strains of the virus. CONCLUSION During this study it was found that isolates of IBDV fall in first three geno-groups. Most of the geno-groups are prevalent around the world, whereas the mutated and re-assorted ones are confined in particular areas of the globe.
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Daodu OB, Oludairo OO, Aiyedun JO, Ambali HM, Kadir RA, Daodu OC, Olorunshola ID, Adah AD. Assessment of antibody assay methods in determination of prevalence of infectious bursal disease among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria. Vet World 2018; 11:1183-1187. [PMID: 30250382 PMCID: PMC6141280 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1183-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess available assay methods for infectious bursal disease (IBD) diagnosis and seromonitoring in local birds. It also sought to know the prevalence of IBD antibodies among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sera were obtained from local chickens and guinea fowls and IBD virus (IBDV) antibodies were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test, and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Results: A total of 265 sera were obtained from local birds during dry and wet seasons. ELISA recorded the highest prevalence of 81.1% (215/265) while IHA and AGID detected IBDV antibodies in 183 (69.1%) and 122 (46%) birds, respectively. Significant differences were established for IBD-positive sera based on the assay method used, bird species, and seasons. Conclusion: This study indicated that ELISA is the most sensitive and reliable assay method while AGID is the least. It also showed that there is a high prevalence of IBDV antibodies among local birds which were not vaccinated, and this implies a high IBDV activity among these bird species in the study area. This may have significant epidemiological implications on the spread of the virus to exotic bird reared in the rural areas on a commercial scale. Thus, this study suggests continuous surveillance, awareness campaign, and advocacy for vaccination of indigenous birds against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - Oladapo Oyedeji Oludairo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - Julius Olaniyi Aiyedun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - Hauwa Motunrayo Ambali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - Rafiu Adebisi Kadir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - Oluwakemi Christiana Daodu
- Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - Isaac Dayo Olorunshola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - Arimie Deborah Adah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
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Khan RSA, Ali W, Kiran S, Shah MSD, Tahir ZA, Habib M. Rapid detection of infectious bursal disease by loop-mediated isothermal amplification for field analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2018; 19:101-107. [PMID: 30046320 PMCID: PMC6056140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive, acute and highly contagious illness of growing-poultry stock infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). It is common in Pakistan, causing potential economic losses throughout the year. The objective of the study is to propose a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool, and compare it with existing commonly used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for IBDV. Different primers were used for RT-PCR and reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to target the IBD virus. RT-LAMP primers showed prodigious specificity without cross reaction to the other animal pathogens. Moreover, RT-LAMP was found to have 10 times higher selectivity for IBDV identification as compared to RT-PCR. RT-LAMP detected 9.2% more field samples than RT-PCR. Sequences of PCR products were determined and phylogenetic analysis of research isolates revealed its maximum similarity with indigenous and Indian IBDV isolates. RT-LAMP was found to be simple, specific, less laborious and a better technique as compared to RT-PCR for quick analysis. In general, RT-LAMP was declared positive on observing turbidity or adding fluorescence staining reagent such as SYBR Green I. The options of direct use of field sample homogenate and viewing directly the peaks in the graph shown on a monitor/laptop have made it much more convenient and time saving than gel based RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. A. Khan
- MSc (Hons) in Veterinary Pathology, Animal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB) affiliated with Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - W. Ali
- Ph.D. Student, Department of Biological Sciences, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S. Kiran
- MSc (Hons) in Veterinary Pathology, Animal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB) affiliated with Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. S. D. Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z. A. Tahir
- Veterinary Officer (V.O), Poultry Diagnostic Laboratory, Kamalia, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - M. Habib
- Animal Sciences Division, Group of Vaccine Development, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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