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Keller ME, Ledesma RD, Poó FM, Peden M. Newspaper framing of motor vehicle crashes and road safety in Argentina. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:86-95. [PMID: 37936482 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2266810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The media plays a key role in shaping the public's perception of road safety. This study analyzes the newspaper coverage and framing of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and road safety in Argentina, South America. The content of 304 articles published by 15 newspapers in November 2020 was reviewed. The results show that episodically framed news stories (focused on a single event or incident) prevail over thematically framed articles. MVCs are presented primarily as 'police' events and tend to receive more coverage when fatalities are involved. There is limited information provided on contextual and risk factors, and road safety advice is rarely included. Speeding, infrastructure, alcohol and other human-related variables are the most cited risk factors. Very few articles mention the use of protective devices (seat-belt, helmet and child restraint system). Although motorcyclists represent 40% of RTC deaths in Argentina, only 20% of the news coverage was about them. News coverage was quite similar in national and regional newspapers. There is an opportunity for the media to help build a better road safety culture, but significant changes in news framing are required. Practical recommendations for editors, journalists and road safety practitioners are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Keller
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén D Ledesma
- IPSIBAT, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando M Poó
- IPSIBAT, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margaret Peden
- The George Institute for Global Health UK, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Leavy JE, Jancey J, Hall C, Nimmo L, Crawford G. "A content analysis of news media coverage of drowning events in Western Australia over two summers, 2014-2016". Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:192-198. [PMID: 31177604 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Drowning is a leading cause of death globally. Opportunities to promote drowning prevention in news media may be overlooked for attention-grabbing headlines, imagery and narrative. This study examines news media coverage of fatal drowning events in Western Australia (WA). METHODS Coronial fatal drowning data in WA were extracted for two summer time periods (2014-2016) by date, age, gender, location and description. Corresponding print and online news articles were captured using: (i) Media Alert; (ii) Google News; (iii) Factiva. A content and frame analysis protocol was developed. A qualitative approach was taken to analyse the news angle. A subgroup analysis was undertaken for drowning focused articles. RESULTS The final sample (n = 50) news articles matched 17 individual drowning events (T1, n = 9; T2, n = 8). Drowning stories rarely appeared on page 1 (n = 2), but were located in the first 2-10 pages (n = 20) (66.6%). In the subanalysis, one-fifth (22%) of the articles employed a news angle relating to community spirit and celebration of life. There were 32 mentions of "who was responsible for the drowning event." Environmental factors were most cited for "what was responsible" (20.4%). Experts were cited in 66.7% of articles and drowning prevention strategies were mentioned in nine of the 50 articles. CONCLUSION Drowning was considered newsworthy; however, not the front page news. Reporting infrequently prioritised drowning prevention or discussed prevention strategies. SO WHAT?: Working closely with news outlets to embed drowning prevention messages in news stories during high-risk periods such as summer is an imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine E Leavy
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carmen Hall
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren Nimmo
- Royal Life Saving Society Western Australia Inc., Floreat Forum, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Vingilis E, Yıldırım-Yenier Z, Vingilis-Jaremko L, Wickens C, Seeley J, Fleiter J, Grushka DH. Literature review on risky driving videos on YouTube: Unknown effects and areas for concern? TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2017; 18:606-615. [PMID: 28118026 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1276575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Entry of terms reflective of extreme risky driving behaviors into the YouTube website yields millions of videos. The majority of the top 20 highly subscribed automotive YouTube websites are focused on high-performance vehicles, high speed, and often risky driving. Moreover, young men are the heaviest users of online video sharing sites, overall streaming more videos, and watching them longer than any other group. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on YouTube videos and risky driving. METHODS A systematic search was performed using the following specialized database sources-Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar-for the years 2005-2015 for articles in the English language. Search words included "YouTube AND driving," "YouTube AND speeding," "YouTube AND racing." RESULTS No published research was found on the content of risky driving videos or on the effects of these videos on viewers. This literature review presents the current state of our published knowledge on the topic, which includes a review of the effects of mass media on risky driving cognitions; attitudes and behavior; similarities and differences between mass and social media; information on the YouTube platform; psychological theories that could support YouTube's potential effects on driving behavior; and 2 examples of risky driving behaviors ("sidewalk skiing" and "ghost riding the whip") suggestive of varying levels of modeling behavior in subsequent YouTube videos. CONCLUSIONS Every month about 1 billion individuals are reported to view YouTube videos (ebizMBA Guide 2015 ) and young men are the heaviest users, overall streaming more YouTube videos and watching them longer than women and other age groups (Nielsen 2011 ). This group is also the most dangerous group in traffic, engaging in more per capita violations and experiencing more per capita injuries and fatalities (e.g., Parker et al. 1995 ; Reason et al. 1990 ; Transport Canada 2015 ; World Health Organization 2015 ). YouTube also contains many channels depicting risky driving videos. The time has come for the traffic safety community to begin exploring these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Vingilis
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Zümrüt Yıldırım-Yenier
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Christine Wickens
- c Social and Epidemiological Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jane Seeley
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Judy Fleiter
- d Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland , Australia
| | - Daniel H Grushka
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
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Jacinto C, Santos FP, Guedes Soares C, Silva SA. Assessing the coding reliability of work accidents statistical data: How coders make a difference. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2016; 59:9-21. [PMID: 27847003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses the reliability of the coding procedure for a set of variables belonging to the European Statistics of Accidents at Work (ESAW). The work focused on the Portuguese data and experience with the system. In Portugal, this task has been systematically carried out by GEP (the governmental Cabinet for Strategy and Planning), here defined as the "reference group" or "expert group." However, it is anticipated that this coding task will be performed by non-expert people, since paper-forms will be replaced by e-forms, similarly to what happened in a few EU countries. OBJECTIVE This study aims to: (a) assess the current situation, that is, to quantify reliability of data coded by GEP (reference group), and (b) assess the impact on the reliability level when the coding is carried out by non-experts (two different groups of coders). METHODS The study comprises the estimation of both intercoder and intracoder reliability for a set of 8 nominal variables. The assessment applies 3 reliability coefficients calculated by 3 software packages. RESULTS The results reveal that the expert group (GEP) holds good to excellent reliability (inter- and intracoder agreements), between 68-98%, while there is a considerable "loss of reliability" (-5% to -39%) when the coding process is transferred to other people, without special training or knowledge in this task. CONCLUSIONS This work gives quantified evidence that reliability of coding accident data is substantially affected by the coders' profile. Moreover, certain variables, regardless of the coder, systematically hold a higher level of coding reliability than others, suggesting that certain codes may need improvement. Future studies should assess coding quality across the EU countries using the ESAW protocol. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Directions for improving the quality of accident data and related statistics; data that is used by researchers and governmental decision-makers to derive prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Jacinto
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Fernando P Santos
- Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Guedes Soares
- Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia A Silva
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), ISCTE Business School (IBS), Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Av. das Forças Armadas, Edifício ISCTE, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal.
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De Ceunynck T, De Smedt J, Daniels S, Wouters R, Baets M. "Crashing the gates" - selection criteria for television news reporting of traffic crashes. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 80:142-152. [PMID: 25909390 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates which crash characteristics influence the probability that the crash is reported in the television news. To this purpose, all news items from the period 2006-2012 about traffic crashes from the prime time news of two Belgian television channels are linked to the official injury crash database. Logistic regression models are built for the database of all injury crashes and for the subset of fatal crashes to identify crash characteristics that correlate with a lower or higher probability of being reported in the news. A number of significant biases in terms of crash severity, time, place, types of involved road users and victims' personal characteristics are found in the media reporting of crashes. More severe crashes are reported in the media more easily than less severe crashes. Significant fluctuations in media reporting probability through time are found in terms of the year and month in which the crash took place. Crashes during week days are generally less reported in the news. The geographical area (province) in which the crash takes place also has a significant impact on the probability of being reported in the news. Crashes on motorways are significantly more represented in the news. Regarding the age of the involved victims, a clear trend of higher media reporting rates of crashes involving young victims or young fatalities is observed. Crashes involving female fatalities are also more frequently reported in the news. Furthermore, crashes involving a bus have a significantly higher probability of being reported in the news, while crashes involving a motorcycle have a significantly lower probability. Some models also indicate a lower reporting rate of crashes involving a moped, and a higher reporting rate of crashes involving heavy goods vehicles. These biases in media reporting can create skewed perceptions in the general public about the prevalence of traffic crashes and eventually may influence people's behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim De Ceunynck
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5/6, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Julie De Smedt
- University of Antwerp, Media, Movement and Politics (M(2)P), Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Stijn Daniels
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5/6, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Ruud Wouters
- University of Antwerp, Media, Movement and Politics (M(2)P), Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Michèle Baets
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5/6, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Ozegovic D, Voaklander DC. What we are not talking about: an evaluation of prevention messaging in print media reporting on agricultural injuries and fatalities. Am J Ind Med 2011; 54:603-8. [PMID: 21594884 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural injury and fatality pose a significant burden on farmers, families, health care systems, and economies. One way of increasing knowledge of this problem and promoting prevention is the use of printed mass media such as newspapers. METHODS We conducted a scan of all media reports contained in the Canadian Agricultural Safety Association (CASA) archives for the period January, 2007 to September, 2009, inclusive, for injury and fatality and analyzed newspaper articles for prevention messages. RESULTS Of the 409 articles in the database, 392 met the inclusion criteria. Ninety-three of the articles (24%) contained a prevention message, and 39 (10%) of these were considered to be strong. Urban papers were two times more likely to have a safety message (OR = 2.03) while adult-related events were less likely to have a safety message included (OR = 0.49). CONCLUSION Print media reporting of agricultural injury and fatality represents a missed opportunity to provide a prevention message. More can be done to improve linkages between news media outlets and injury prevention specialists to improve prevention content in newsprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Ozegovic
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Alberta Centre for Injury Control and Research, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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