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Jin J, Li Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Fu S, Wu J. Coordinated regulation of immune contexture: crosstalk between STAT3 and immune cells during breast cancer progression. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:50. [PMID: 33957948 PMCID: PMC8101191 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed the tumor microenvironment (TME) immune cells to functionally affect the development and progression of breast cancer. However, insufficient evidence of TME immune modulators limit the clinical application of immunotherapy for advanced and metastatic breast cancers. Intercellular STAT3 activation of immune cells plays a central role in breast cancer TME immunosuppression and distant metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting STAT3 and/or in combination with radiotherapy may enhance anti-cancer immune responses and rescue the systemic immunologic microenvironment in breast cancer. Indeed, apart from its oncogenic role in tumor cells, the functions of STAT3 in TME of breast cancer involve multiple types of immunosuppression and is associated with tumor cell metastasis. In this review, we summarize the available information on the functions of STAT3-related immune cells in TME of breast cancer, as well as the specific upstream and downstream targets. Additionally, we provide insights about the potential immunosuppression mechanisms of each type of evaluated immune cells. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - JingBo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Jung HJ, Kang JH, Pak S, Lee K, Seong JK, Oh SH. Detrimental Role of Nerve Injury-Induced Protein 1 in Myeloid Cells under Intestinal Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020614. [PMID: 31963519 PMCID: PMC7013940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1, Ninj1) is a cell-surface adhesion molecule that regulates cell migration and attachment. This study demonstrates the increase in Ninj1 protein expression during development of intestinal inflammation. Ninj1-deficient mice exhibited significantly attenuated bodyweight loss, shortening of colon length, intestinal inflammation, and lesser pathological lesions than wild-type mice. Although more severe inflammation and serious lesions are observed in wild-type mice than Ninj1-deficient mice, there were no changes in the numbers of infiltrating macrophages in the inflamed tissues obtained from WT and Ninj1-deficient mice. Ninj1 expression results in activation of macrophages, and these activated macrophages secrete more cytokines and chemokines than Ninj1-deficient macrophages. Moreover, mice with conditional deletion of Ninj1 in myeloid cells (Ninj1fl/fl; Lyz-Cre+) alleviated experimental colitis compared with wild-type mice. In summary, we propose that the Ninj1 in myeloid cells play a pivotal function in intestinal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Seongwon Pak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute of Veterinary Science, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.S.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.S.); (S.H.O.)
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Kim H, Cha J, Jang M, Kim P. Hyaluronic acid-based extracellular matrix triggers spontaneous M2-like polarity of monocyte/macrophage. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2264-2271. [PMID: 30849138 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is found in various tumor tissues, and is considered tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM). Within this tumor-associated ECM, stromal cells, especially immune cells, are involved in tumor progression. However, the effects of tumor-associated ECM on the characteristics of immune cells remain unexplored. Therefore, we studied the triggering effect of HA on spontaneous M2-like polarity of monocytes/macrophages using HA-mixed collagen (HA-COL) matrix. In the presence of HA, expression of the HA receptor (CD44) and M2 polarity-related genes was upregulated in human monocytes (THP-1 cells). We confirmed the CD44-mediated activation of STAT3 in THP-1 cells cultured in an HA-rich environment. Furthermore, when we induced the THP-1 cells to differentiate into cells with M1 or M2 polarity within an HA-rich environment, the HA-rich environment influenced the direction of induction. Our findings might improve understanding of the crosstalk between immune cells and tumor-associated ECM, and facilitate development of tumor immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyebin Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Skubitz KM, Wilson JD, Cheng EY, Lindgren BR, Boylan KLM, Skubitz APN. Effect of chemotherapy on cancer stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages in a prospective study of preoperative chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma. J Transl Med 2019; 17:130. [PMID: 30999901 PMCID: PMC6471853 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSC) may respond to chemotherapy differently from other tumor cells. Methods This study examined the expression of the putative cancer stem cell markers ALDH1, CD44, and CD133; the angiogenesis marker CD31; and the macrophage marker CD68 in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) before and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide in 31 patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma in a prospective clinical trial. Results None of the markers clearly identified CSCs in STS samples. Macrophages represented a prominent component in viable tumor areas in pre-treatment STS biopsies, ranging from < 5 to > 50%. Furthermore, macrophages expressed CD44 and ALDH1. Macrophage density correlated with baseline maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Pre-chemotherapy CD68 staining correlated positively with the baseline SUVmax, and negatively with the percent of viable tumor cells in post-chemotherapy resection samples. In particular, cases with more CD68-positive cells at biopsy had fewer viable tumor cells at resection, suggesting a better response to chemotherapy. Conclusions In conclusion, ALDH1, CD44, and CD133 are not likely to be useful markers of CSCs in STS. However, our observation of infiltrating macrophages in STS specimens indicates that these immune cells may contribute significantly to STS biology and response to chemotherapy, and could provide a potential target of therapy. Future studies should investigate macrophage contribution to STS pathophysiology by cytokine signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1883-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Box 286 University Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Jon D Wilson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Arkana Laboratories, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Edward Y Cheng
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bruce R Lindgren
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristin L M Boylan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy P N Skubitz
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Hyaluronic Acid Layer-By-Layer (LbL) Nanoparticles for Synergistic Chemo-Phototherapy. Pharm Res 2018; 35:196. [PMID: 30143878 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to design hyaluronic acid (HA) layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoparticles, which carried paclitaxel (PTX) and Indocyanine green (ICG) to both tumor cells and tumor associated cells to achieve synergistic chemo-photothermal therapeutic effect. METHODS The LbL-engineered nanoparticles (PDIH) were prepared by dopamine self-polymerization on PTX nanocrystal to form thin, surface-adherent polydopamine (PDA) films, which subsequently absorbed ICG and HA. The tumor cell and tumor associated cell targeting and antitumor efficacy of PDIH were investigated both in vitro an in vivo using 4 T1 murine mammary cancer cell lines and mice bearing orthotopic 4 T1 breast tumor. RESULTS PDIH presented a long-rod shape in TEM and showed enhanced photothermal effect and cytotoxicity upon NIR laser irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. PDIH also displayed high target ability to CD44 overexpressed tumor cells and tumor associated cells mediated by HA. In vivo antitumor study indicated that PDIH therapeutic strategy could achieve remarkable antitumor efficacy. CONCLUSION PDIH showed excellent tumor-targeting property and chemo-photothermal therapeutic efficacy.
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Zhang G, Guo L, Yang C, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Wang W, Gao F. A novel role of breast cancer-derived hyaluronan on inducement of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages formation. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1172154. [PMID: 27471651 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1172154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microenvironmental signals determine the differentiation types and distinct functions of macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) constitute major infiltrates around solid tumor cells and accelerate tumor progression due to their immunosuppressive functions. However, the mechanisms through which tumor microenvironment modulates macrophages transition are not completely elucidated. Hyaluronan (HA), a prominent component in tumor microenvironment, is a notable immunoregulator and its high level is often related to poor prognosis. Herein, we found that the number of M2 macrophages was highly correlated with HA expression in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients. Experimental data showed that breast cancer-derived HA stimulated M2-like TAM formation in a mouse model and had multiple effects on macrophages transformation in vitro, including upregulating CD204, CD206, IL-10 and TGF-β, activating STAT3 signal, and suppressing killing capacity. These data indicate that HA derived from breast cancer activates macrophages in an alternative manner. Further mechanism study revealed that HA-CD44-ERK1/2-STAT3 pathway served as an important regulator in M2-like TAM formation. Therefore, targeting TAM by abrogating HA-CD44 interaction may be a potential strategy for breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Oncology Hospital, Shanghai Fudan University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
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7
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Li Y, Sun BS, Pei B, Li CG, Zhang ZF, Yin YS, Wang CL. Osteopontin-expressing macrophages in non-small cell lung cancer predict survival. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1140-8. [PMID: 25725928 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of leukocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Osteopontin is related to tumor metastasis and proliferation. Osteopontin is expressed not only by tumor cells but also by TAMs. The purpose of the current study was to assess the prognostic significance of osteopontin expressed by TAMs (TOPN) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Tissue microarray was used to detect the expression of TOPN, TAMs, and microvascular density in 159 patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing complete pulmonary resection in our hospital between 2003 and 2006. The correlations between TOPN, TAMs, and clinicopathologic data were analyzed with χ(2) tests. Quantitation of TAMs or TOPN and microvascular density analyses was performed using Bonferroni correction and the Student's t test. The prognostic value of TOPN was evaluated by univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis. RESULTS In the recurrence and metastasis group, microvascular density was higher than that in the control group (14.4 ± 1.06 versus 8.9 ± 1.02; p = 0.0002). In the TOPN-positive group, microvascular density was increased compared with that in the TOPN-negative group (14.3 ± 1.37 versus 10.7 ± 0.91; p = 0.0273). Osteopontin expressed by TAMs was an independent predictor for overall survival (p = 0.017) and disease-free survival (p < 0.001), especially for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. The 6-year overall and disease-free survival rates in TOPN-positive patients were 22.64% and 16.98%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of TOPN-negative patients (50.00% and 39.62%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Osteopontin expressed by TAMs is a valuable independent predictor of tumor recurrence and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing-Sheng Sun
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoxiang Pei
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen-Guang Li
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-Fa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Song Yin
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang-Li Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
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Kim YJ, Sertamo K, Pierrard MA, Mesmin C, Kim SY, Schlesser M, Berchem G, Domon B. Verification of the biomarker candidates for non-small-cell lung cancer using a targeted proteomics approach. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1412-9. [PMID: 25597550 DOI: 10.1021/pr5010828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer, with its high metastatic potential and high mortality rate, is the worldwide leading cause of cancer-related deaths. High-throughput "omics"-based platforms have accelerated the discovery of biomarkers for lung cancer, and the resulting candidates are to be evaluated for their diagnostic potential as noninvasive biomarkers. The evaluation of the biomarker candidates involves the quantitative measurement of large numbers of proteins in bodily fluids using advanced mass spectrometric techniques. In this study, a robust pipeline based on targeted proteomics was developed for biomarker verification in plasma samples and applied to verifying lung cancer biomarker candidates. Highly multiplexed liquid chromatrography-selected reaction monitoring (LC-SRM) assays for 95 potential tumor markers for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were generated to screen plasma samples obtained from 72, early to late stage, patients. A total of 17 proteins were verified as potent tumor markers detectable in plasma and, where available, verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A novel plasma-based biomarker, zyxin, fulfilled the criteria for a potential early diagnostic marker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoun Jin Kim
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg
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Chen SY, Yang X, Feng WL, Liao JF, Wang LN, Feng L, Lin YM, Ren Q, Zheng GG. Organ-specific microenvironment modifies diverse functional and phenotypic characteristics of leukemia-associated macrophages in mouse T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2919-29. [PMID: 25662994 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are widely studied in solid tumors. The distribution of macrophages in lymph node samples was found to be associated with the prognosis of lymphoma patients. However, the role of macrophages in leukemia and their functional and phenotypic characteristics in hematopoietic malignancies have not been defined. In this study, we examined the distribution and functional and phenotypic characteristics of macrophages in a Notch1-induced mouse model of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The distribution of macrophages in bone marrow (BM) and spleen, which are proposed as BM and spleen leukemia-associated macrophages (LAMs), were different during the development of leukemia. LAMs stimulated the proliferation of T-ALL cells and had higher migration activity. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that gene expression profiles of BM and spleen LAMs showed considerable differences. RT-PCR analysis showed that LAMs expressed both M1- and M2-associated phenotypic genes, but they expressed much lower levels of TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and CSF-1 than did tumor-associated macrophages from B16 melanoma. Furthermore, spleen LAMs more potently stimulated the proliferation of T-ALL cells compared with BM LAMs. Moreover, LAMs could be subdivided into M1-like (CD206(-)) and M2-like (CD206(+)) groups. Both CD206(+) and CD206(-) LAMs stimulated the proliferation of T-ALL cells, although CD206(+) LAMs expressed higher levels of most M1- and M2-associated genes. These results suggested the functional and phenotypic characteristics of LAMs, which were modified by organ specific microenvironments. Our results broaden our knowledge about macrophages in malignant microenvironments from solid tumors to leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and
| | - Wen-Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and
| | - Jin-Feng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and
| | - Li-Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and
| | - Yong-Min Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and
| | - Guo-Guang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Banerjee S, Halder K, Ghosh S, Bose A, Majumdar S. The combination of a novel immunomodulator with a regulatory T cell suppressing antibody (DTA-1) regress advanced stage B16F10 solid tumor by repolarizing tumor associated macrophages in situ. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e995559. [PMID: 25949923 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.995559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages and tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells greatly hamper host-protective antitumor responses. Therefore, we utilized a novel immunomodulator, heat-killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw), to repolarize TAM and an agonistic GITR antibody (DTA-1) to reduce intratumoral regulatory T cell frequency for generation of a host-protective antitumor response. Although, the combination of Mw and DTA-1was found to be effective against advanced stage tumors, however, Mw or DTA-1 failed to do so when administered individually. The presence of high level of regulatory T cells abrogated the only Mw induced antitumor functions, whereas only DTA-1 treatment was found to be ineffective due to its inability to induce TAM repolarization in vivo. The combination therapy was found to be effective since DTA-1 treatment reduced the frequency of regulatory T cells to such an extent where they could not attenuate Mw induced TAM repolarization in vivo. Therefore, the combination therapy involving Mw and DTA-1 may be utilized to the success of advanced stage solid tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuntal Halder
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Bose Institute ; Kolkata, India
| | - Sweta Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Bose Institute ; Kolkata, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Bose Institute ; Kolkata, India
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Hermano E, Meirovitz A, Meir K, Nussbaum G, Appelbaum L, Peretz T, Elkin M. Macrophage polarization in pancreatic carcinoma: role of heparanase enzyme. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju332. [PMID: 25326645 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment, and particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), represent a key contributing factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) pathogenesis. Here we report that heparanase (predominant enzyme degrading heparan sulfate, the main polysaccharide found at the cell surface and extracellular matrix) directs tumor-promoting behavior of TAM in PDAC. METHODS A mouse model of heparanase-overexpressing pancreatic carcinoma (n = 5 mice/group), tumor-associated macrophages ex vivo, primary wild-type and heparanase-null macrophages, and histological specimens from PDAC patients (n = 16), were analyzed, applying immunostaining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cell proliferation, and heparanase activity assays. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS We found that overexpression of heparanase is associated with increased TAM infiltration in both experimental (P = .002) and human (P = .01) PDAC. Moreover, macrophages derived from heparanase-rich tumors (which grew faster in mouse hosts), display pronounced procancerous phenotype, evidenced by overexpression of MSR-2, IL-10, CCL2, VEGF, and increased production of IL-6, an important player in PDAC pathogenesis. Furthermore, in vitro heparanase enzyme-rendered macrophages (stimulated by necrotic cells which are often present in PDAC tissue) procancerous, as exemplified by their enhanced production of key cytokines implicated in PDAC (including IL-6), as well as by their ability to induce STAT3 signaling and to augment pancreatic carcinoma cell proliferation. In agreement, we observed activation of STAT3 in experimental and clinical specimens of heparanase-overexpressing PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore a novel function of heparanase in molecular decision-making that guides cancer-promoting action of TAM and imply that heparanase expression status may become highly relevant in defining a target patient subgroup that is likely to benefit the most from treatment modalities targeting TAM/IL-6/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hermano
- : Department of Oncology, Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (EH, AM, LA, TP, ME); Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (KM); Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (GN).
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- : Department of Oncology, Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (EH, AM, LA, TP, ME); Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (KM); Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (GN).
| | - Karen Meir
- : Department of Oncology, Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (EH, AM, LA, TP, ME); Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (KM); Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (GN)
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- : Department of Oncology, Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (EH, AM, LA, TP, ME); Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (KM); Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (GN)
| | - Limor Appelbaum
- : Department of Oncology, Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (EH, AM, LA, TP, ME); Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (KM); Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (GN)
| | - Tamar Peretz
- : Department of Oncology, Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (EH, AM, LA, TP, ME); Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (KM); Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (GN)
| | - Michael Elkin
- : Department of Oncology, Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (EH, AM, LA, TP, ME); Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (KM); Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (GN).
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12
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The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts, solid stress and other microenvironmental factors in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:41. [PMID: 24883045 PMCID: PMC4038849 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not merely masses of neoplastic cells but complex tissues composed of cellular and noncellular elements. This review provides recent data on the main components of a dynamic system, such as carcinoma associated fibroblasts that change the extracellular matrix (ECM) topology, induce stemness and promote metastasis-initiating cells. Altered production and characteristics of collagen, hyaluronan and other ECM proteins induce increased matrix stiffness. Stiffness along with tumor growth-induced solid stress and increased interstitial fluid pressure contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. Second, the role of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines is outlined. We discuss other noncellular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and extracellular pH in relation to neoangiogenesis. Overall, full understanding of the events driving the interactions between tumor cells and their environment is of crucial importance in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcome.
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Kiyota T, Takahashi Y, Watcharanurak K, Nishikawa M, Ohara S, Ando M, Watanabe Y, Takakura Y. Enhancement of Anticancer Effect of Interferon-γ Gene Transfer against Interferon-γ-Resistant Tumor by Depletion of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1542-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4007216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kiyota
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kanitta Watcharanurak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Saori Ohara
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ando
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and ‡Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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14
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Elpek KG, Cremasco V, Shen H, Harvey CJ, Wucherpfennig KW, Goldstein DR, Monach PA, Turley SJ. The tumor microenvironment shapes lineage, transcriptional, and functional diversity of infiltrating myeloid cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:655-67. [PMID: 24801837 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells play important regulatory roles within the tumor environment by directly promoting tumor progression and modulating the function of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and as such, they represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Although distinct subsets of tumor-associated myeloid cells have been identified, a broader analysis of the complete myeloid cell landscape within individual tumors and also across different tumor types has been lacking. By establishing the developmental and transcriptomic signatures of infiltrating myeloid cells from multiple primary tumors, we found that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), while present within all tumors analyzed, exhibited strikingly different frequencies, gene expression profiles, and functions across cancer types. We also evaluated the impact of anatomic location and circulating factors on the myeloid cell composition of tumors. The makeup of the myeloid compartment was determined by the tumor microenvironment rather than the anatomic location of tumor development or tumor-derived circulating factors. Protumorigenic and hypoxia-associated genes were enriched in TAMs and TANs compared with splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Although all TANs had an altered expression pattern of secretory effector molecules, in each tumor type they exhibited a unique cytokine, chemokine, and associated receptor expression profile. One such molecule, haptoglobin, was uniquely expressed by 4T1 TANs and identified as a possible diagnostic biomarker for tumors characterized by the accumulation of myeloid cells. Thus, we have identified considerable cancer-specific diversity in the lineage, gene expression, and function of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutlu G Elpek
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Viviana Cremasco
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Hua Shen
- Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher J Harvey
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Shannon J Turley
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Departments of
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15
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Fang W, Ye L, Shen L, Cai J, Huang F, Wei Q, Fei X, Chen X, Guan H, Wang W, Li X, Ning G. Tumor-associated macrophages promote the metastatic potential of thyroid papillary cancer by releasing CXCL8. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1780-7. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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16
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Filip AA, Ciseł B, Wąsik-Szczepanek E. Guilty bystanders: nurse-like cells as a model of microenvironmental support for leukemic lymphocytes. Clin Exp Med 2013; 15:73-83. [PMID: 24337970 PMCID: PMC4308641 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is one of the most common leukemias among the elderly and, despite many efforts, still stays incurable. Recent studies point to the microenvironment as the critical factor providing leukemic lymphocytes with pro-survival signals. Thus, the neighboring cells appear to be a perfect target for antileukemic therapy. Nurse-like cells (NLCs) largely contribute to CLL microenvironmental support. We developed the CLL lymphocyte/NLC co-culture model for the investigation of microenvironmental interactions. Viability and apoptosis were investigated in CLL lymphocytes treated with dexamethasone (DEX) and chlorambucil (CLB), with and without NLCs’ support. For the first time, the capacity of DEX and CLB to affect NLCs viability was also evaluated. Apoptosis-associated gene expression profiles of leukemic lymphocytes ex vivo and cultured with NLCs were assessed by expression arrays. CLL lymphocytes escaped spontaneous apoptosis for several months when cultured with NLCs. The presence of NLCs significantly reduced apoptosis induced with DEX and CLB (p < 0.001; p = 0.012, respectively), and their protective effect was more evident than the effect of recombinant SDF1. Both DEX and CLB also decreased NLCs viability, but to a lesser extent (mean viability in DEX-treated cultures was 37.79 % in NLCs compared to 29.24 % in lymphocytes). NLCs induced the expression of important anti-apoptotic genes in cultured CLL lymphocytes; median expression of BCL2, SURVIVIN, BCL2A1, and XIAP was significantly higher as compared to ex vivo status. The CLL lymphocyte/NLC co-culture makes up the convenient and close to the natural-state model for studying the relationship between leukemic cells and the microenvironment. Direct cell-to-cell contact with NLCs increases the expression of anti-apoptotic genes in CLL lymphocytes, thus protecting them against induced apoptosis. As the effect of antileukemic drugs is not so apparent in NLCs, the combined therapy targeted at both lymphocytes and the microenvironment should be considered for CLL patients. Simultaneous aiming at the disruption of several different signaling pathways and/or anti-apoptotic proteins may further improve treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata A Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland,
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Wang XF, Wang HS, Zhang F, Guo Q, Wang H, Wang KF, Zhang G, Bu XZ, Cai SH, Du J. Nodal promotes the generation of M2-like macrophages and downregulates the expression of IL-12. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:173-83. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Feng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Ke-Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xian-zhang Bu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
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Domingues PH, Teodósio C, Otero Á, Sousa P, Ortiz J, Macias MDCG, Gonçalves JM, Nieto AB, Lopes MC, de Oliveira C, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Association between inflammatory infiltrates and isolated monosomy 22/del(22q) in meningiomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74798. [PMID: 24098347 PMCID: PMC3788099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas contain highly variable levels of infiltrating tissue macrophages (TiMa) and other immune cells. In this study we investigated the potential association between the number and immunophenotype of inflammatory and other immune cells infiltrating the tumor as evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry, and the clinico-biological, cytogenetic and gene expression profile (GEP) of 75 meningioma patients. Overall, our results showed a close association between the amount and cellular composition of the inflammatory and other immune cell infiltrates and the cytogenetic profile of the tumors. Notably, tumors with isolated monosomy 22/del(22q) showed greater numbers of TiMa, NK cells and (recently)-activated CD69(+) lymphocytes versus meningiomas with diploid and complex karyotypes. In addition, in the former cytogenetic subgroup of meningiomas, tumor-infiltrating TiMa also showed a more activated and functionally mature phenotype, as reflected by a greater fraction of CD69(+), CD63(+), CD16(+) and CD33(+) cells. GEP at the mRNA level showed a unique GEP among meningiomas with an isolated monosomy 22/del(22q) versus all other cases, which consisted of increased expression of genes involved in inflammatory/immune response, associated with an M1 TiMa phenotype. Altogether, these results suggest that loss of expression of specific genes coded in chromosome 22 (e.g. MIF) is closely associated with an increased homing and potentially also anti-tumoral effect of TiMa, which could contribute to explain the better outcome of this specific good-prognosis cytogenetic subgroup of meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Henriques Domingues
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Teodósio
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Álvaro Otero
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Sousa
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Pathology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Belén Nieto
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Celeste Lopes
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina de Oliveira
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Tabernero
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL-IBSAL) and Research Unit of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Rao G, Wang H, Li B, Huang L, Xue D, Wang X, Jin H, Wang J, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Du L, Chen Q. Reciprocal interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and CD44-positive cancer cells via osteopontin/CD44 promote tumorigenicity in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:785-97. [PMID: 23251004 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD44 is of functional importance for tumor initiation and progression in colorectal cancer, but how this molecule benefits cancer cells from the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), remains poorly defined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vivo tumorigenic assays were conducted to assess the role of murine TAMs in the tumorigenesis of human colorectal cancer cells. Both in vitro and in vivo osteopontin (OPN) expression levels in TAMs were examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and Western blotting. Soft agar colony formation assays were used to estimate the clonogenicity of colorectal cancer cells that had received different treatments. The relationships between the expression levels of OPN, CD44v6, and CD68 and clinical prognosis were evaluated by tissue microarray analysis. RESULTS We found that macrophages, when coinjected or cocultured with CD44-positive colorectal cancer cells, were able to produce higher levels of OPN, which in turn facilitated the tumorigenicity and clonogenicity of the colorectal cancer cells. The knockdown of CD44 or treatment with blocking antibodies to CD44 attenuated OPN secretion. OPN, through binding to its receptor CD44, activated c-jun-NH(2)-kinase signaling and promoted the clonogenicity of colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, tissue microarray data have shown that OPN expression, in combination with CD44v6, has a negative correlation with colorectal cancer patient survival. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the OPN-CD44 interaction is important for colorectal cancer progression and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Botti G, Cerrone M, Scognamiglio G, Anniciello A, Ascierto PA, Cantile M. Microenvironment and tumor progression of melanoma: New therapeutic prospectives. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 10:235-52. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2012.723767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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21
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Qing W, Fang WY, Ye L, Shen LY, Zhang XF, Fei XC, Chen X, Wang WQ, Li XY, Xiao JC, Ning G. Density of tumor-associated macrophages correlates with lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2012; 22:905-10. [PMID: 22870901 PMCID: PMC3429273 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have recently been recognized as being important players in the tumoriogenesis of many cancers, including advanced thyroid cancer. However, a role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most prevalent thyroid cancer, has not been established. We hypothesized that TAMs also facilitate tumor progression in PTC. METHODS We investigated TAMs density in both benign thyroid lesions and PTC tumors by CD68 immunostaining. CD68-positive cell density was further associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients. Finally, TAMs were isolated from PTC tumors and phenotyped by cytokine and receptor profiling. RESULTS The overall density of TAMs was found to be significantly higher in PTC tumors, compared with thyroid goiter and follicular adenoma. The density of TAMs was positively associated with lymph node metastasis in TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stages III/VI compared with stages I/II. No association was observed in other common tumor features, including the BRAF mutation. The isolated TAMs presented with high levels of M2-associated cytokine and receptors, making M2 the predominant TAM phenotype. CONCLUSIONS TAMs may play a functional role in the progression of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qing
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yuan Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yun Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai E-Institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases; Institute of Health Science, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tumour associated macrophages is a potential anti-cancer mechanism of carboxyamidotriazole. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:1085-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Król M, Pawłowski KM, Majchrzak K, Gajewska M, Majewska A, Motyl T. Global gene expression profiles of canine macrophages and canine mammary cancer cells grown as a co-culture in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:16. [PMID: 22353646 PMCID: PMC3315417 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solid tumours comprise various cells, including cancer cells, resident stromal cells, migratory haemopoietic cells and other. These cells regulate tumour growth and metastasis. Macrophages constitute probably the most important element of all interactions within the tumour microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanism, that guides tumour environment, still remains unknown. Exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms that orchestrate these phenomena has been the aim of our study. A co-culture of canine mammary cancer cells and macrophages was established and maintained for 72 hrs. Having sorted the cells, gene expression in cancer cells and macrophages, using DNA microarrays, was examined. The results were confirmed using real-time qPCR and confocal microscopy. Moreover, their ability for migration and invasion has been assessed. Results Microarray analysis showed that the up-regulated genes in the cancer cell lines are involved in 15 highly over-manifested pathways. The pathways that drew our diligent attention included: the inflammation pathway mediated by chemokine and cytokine, the Toll receptor signalling pathway and the B cell activation. The up-regulated genes in the macrophages were involved in only 18 significantly over-manifested pathways: the angiogenesis, the p53 pathway feedback loops2 and the Wnt signalling pathway. The microarray analysis revealed that co-culturing of cancer cells with macrophages initiated the myeloid-specific antigen expression in cancer cells, as well as cytokine/chemokine genes expression. This finding was confirmed at mRNA and protein level. Moreover, we showed that macrophages increase cancer migration and invasion. Conclusions The presence of macrophages in the cancer environment induces acquisition of the macrophage phenotype (specific antigens and chemokines/cytokines expression) in cancer cells. We presumed that cancer cells also acquire other myeloid features, such as: capabilities of cell rolling, spreading, migration and matrix invasion (what has also been confirmed by our results). It may, perhaps, be the result of myeloid-cancer cell hybrid formation, or cancer cells mimicking macrophages phenotype, owing to various proteins secreted by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS, Warsaw, Poland.
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24
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Tumor-associated macrophages provide a suitable microenvironment for non-small lung cancer invasion and progression. Lung Cancer 2011; 74:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chagan-Yasutan H, Tsukasaki K, Takahashi Y, Oguma S, Harigae H, Ishii N, Zhang J, Fukumoto M, Hattori T. Involvement of osteopontin and its signaling molecule CD44 in clinicopathological features of adult T cell leukemia. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1484-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Banerjee S, Halder K, Bose A, Bhattacharya P, Gupta G, Karmahapatra S, Das S, Chaudhuri S, Bhattacharyya Majumdar S, Majumdar S. TLR signaling-mediated differential histone modification at IL-10 and IL-12 promoter region leads to functional impairments in tumor-associated macrophages. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1789-97. [PMID: 21926109 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are severely compromised for the induction of proinflammatory mediators following toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Here, we reported that the defective TLR response in TAM was due to the malfunctioning of the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling cascade in concert with downregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1. However, the expression of toll-interleukin1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon beta (TRIF) and TRAF 3, which act via the TRIF-dependent pathway of TLR signaling, were found to be unaffected in TAM. Although, TRIF-mediated signal inducers, lipopolysaccharide or poly (I:C), induced high level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, but they were failed to induce significant p38MAPK phosphorylation in TAM. Consequently, ERK-1/2-dependent histone phosphorylation at the IL-10 promoter elicited enhanced interleukin (IL)-10 production by TAM. Whereas, the lack of transcription favorable histone phosphorylation at the IL-12 promoter was accompanied with a very low amount of IL-12 expression in TAM. Moreover, ERK-1/2 MAPK activation resulted in enhanced IRAK M induction in TAM, a specific inhibitor of MyD88 pathway. Therefore, for the first time, we decipher an unexplored TLR signaling in TAM where ERK-1/2 activation in a MyD88-independent pathway results in transcription favorable histone modification at the IL-10 promoter region to enhance IL-10-mediated immunosuppression. Additionally, by enhancing IRAK M induction, it also polarizes TAM toward a more immunosuppressive form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medcine, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
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Wang R, Lu M, Zhang J, Chen S, Luo X, Qin Y, Chen H. Increased IL-10 mRNA expression in tumor-associated macrophage correlated with late stage of lung cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:62. [PMID: 21595995 PMCID: PMC3117740 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Monocyte recruited into the tumor and maturation to tumor-associated macrophage (TAM). Interleukin-10(IL-10) is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine, which can be secreted from both primary tumor and stromal cells. However, there are controversies regarding its role in the progression of cancer. So it is important to isolate TAM from tumor cells to study the role of IL-10 in the progress of cancer. The aim of our study was to determine whether IL-10 expressed by TAM correlated with clinicopathological factors in NSCLC. Methods TAM in NSCLC was isolated by short-term culture in serum free medium with the modification to literature reports. The mRNA expression levels of IL-10, cathepsin B, cathepsin S, which were closely related with TAM according to the literatures, were evaluated by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR in 63 NSCLC. The relationships between their expression levels and clinicopathological features were investigated. Results We successfully achieved up to 95% purity of TAM, derived from 63 primary lung cancer tissues. TAM expressed high levels of IL-10, cathepsin B in NSCLC. High levels of IL-10 in TAM significantly correlated with stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion or histologic poor differentiation. Conclusions Our results revealed that TAM with high levels of IL-10 expression may play an important role in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer. The data also suggested that TAMs may involve in tumor immunosuppression through overexpressed IL-10. Additionally, the phenotype of isolated TAM can be potentially used to predict clinicopathological features as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, China
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Chen R, Luo FK, Wang YL, Tang JL, Liu YS. LBP and CD14 polymorphisms correlate with increased colorectal carcinoma risk in Han Chinese. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2326-31. [PMID: 21633598 PMCID: PMC3098400 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i18.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the associations of polymorphisms of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) with the colorectal carcinoma (CRC) risk in Han Chinese.
METHODS: Polymorphisms of LBP (rs1739654, rs2232596, rs2232618), CD14 (rs77083413, rs4914), TLR-4 (rs5030719), IL-6 (rs13306435) and TNF-α (rs35131721) were genotyped in 479 cases of sporadic colorectal carcinoma and 486 healthy controls of Han Chinese in a case-control study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between cases and controls were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: GA and GG genotypes of LBP rs2232596 were associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.99, P = 0.003; OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.16-5.38, P = 0.016, respectively]. A similar association was also observed for the CG genotype of CD14 rs4914 (OR= 1.69, 95% CI 1.20-2.36, P = 0.002). In addition, a combination of polymorphisms in LBP rs2232596 and CD14 rs4914 led to a 3.4-fold increased risk of CRC (OR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.94-6.10, P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the LBP rs2232596 and CD14 rs4914 polymorphisms as biomarkers for elevated CRC susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
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Pleiotropic regulation of macrophage polarization and tumorigenesis by formyl peptide receptor-2. Oncogene 2011; 30:3887-99. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (multidrug resistance; MDR), a phenomenon whereby human tumours that acquire resistance to one type of therapy are found to be resistant to several other drugs that are often quite different in both structure and mode of action, has been recognised clinically for several decades. An important advance in our understanding of MDR came with the identification of P-glycoprotein and other related transporters that were expressed in some cancer cells and could recognise and catalyse the efflux of diverse anticancer drugs from cells. A second advance came from an understanding of the mechanism of programmed cell death or apoptosis, leading to MDR mediated by increased to resistance to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. A third advance came with the finding that the proliferation of human tumours was driven by a small population of self-renewing tumour cells, focussing attention on the MDR properties of these so-called tumour stem cells rather than on the cells that comprised the majority of the tumour population. A fourth advance was the delineation of features of the tumour microenvironment, including immunosuppression, which essentially provided tumour stem cells with an MDR phenotype. Most published work on the overcoming of MDR has concentrated on inhibition of drug transporters but the complexity of mechanisms contributing demands a broad strategy for the development of methods to overcome MDR in a clinical setting.
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Abstract
The microenvironment in which cancer arises plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Although previously regarded as an innocent bystander, evidence has accumulated over the past 10 years that the microenvironment contributes to tumor growth and progression by providing nutrients and survival signals, and protecting the tumor from normal immune responses and anticancer drugs. Exactly how normal stromal cells, whose function should be to suppress malignant growth, become co-opted into facilitating tumor development is only just beginning to be understood, but a complex story is emerging wherein tumor and stromal cells appear to co-evolve. A better understanding of tumor-stromal interactions and the molecular alterations that result in stromal dysfunction may help to identify patients who will benefit from either more aggressive or risk-adapted therapy regimens, and/or novel compounds that disrupt the tumor microenvironment and re-establishing normal control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gribben
- Cancer Research UK, Barts and Royal London School of Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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Berretta R, Moscato P. Cancer biomarker discovery: the entropic hallmark. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12262. [PMID: 20805891 PMCID: PMC2923618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is a commonly accepted belief that cancer cells modify their transcriptional state during the progression of the disease. We propose that the progression of cancer cells towards malignant phenotypes can be efficiently tracked using high-throughput technologies that follow the gradual changes observed in the gene expression profiles by employing Shannon's mathematical theory of communication. Methods based on Information Theory can then quantify the divergence of cancer cells' transcriptional profiles from those of normally appearing cells of the originating tissues. The relevance of the proposed methods can be evaluated using microarray datasets available in the public domain but the method is in principle applicable to other high-throughput methods. Methodology/Principal Findings Using melanoma and prostate cancer datasets we illustrate how it is possible to employ Shannon Entropy and the Jensen-Shannon divergence to trace the transcriptional changes progression of the disease. We establish how the variations of these two measures correlate with established biomarkers of cancer progression. The Information Theory measures allow us to identify novel biomarkers for both progressive and relatively more sudden transcriptional changes leading to malignant phenotypes. At the same time, the methodology was able to validate a large number of genes and processes that seem to be implicated in the progression of melanoma and prostate cancer. Conclusions/Significance We thus present a quantitative guiding rule, a new unifying hallmark of cancer: the cancer cell's transcriptome changes lead to measurable observed transitions of Normalized Shannon Entropy values (as measured by high-througput technologies). At the same time, tumor cells increment their divergence from the normal tissue profile increasing their disorder via creation of states that we might not directly measure. This unifying hallmark allows, via the the Jensen-Shannon divergence, to identify the arrow of time of the processes from the gene expression profiles, and helps to map the phenotypical and molecular hallmarks of specific cancer subtypes. The deep mathematical basis of the approach allows us to suggest that this principle is, hopefully, of general applicability for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Berretta
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Information Based Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Information Based Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Steidl C, Lee T, Shah SP, Farinha P, Han G, Nayar T, Delaney A, Jones SJ, Iqbal J, Weisenburger DD, Bast MA, Rosenwald A, Muller-Hermelink HK, Rimsza LM, Campo E, Delabie J, Braziel RM, Cook JR, Tubbs RR, Jaffe ES, Lenz G, Connors JM, Staudt LM, Chan WC, Gascoyne RD. Tumor-associated macrophages and survival in classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:875-85. [PMID: 20220182 PMCID: PMC2897174 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0905680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in treatments for Hodgkin's lymphoma, about 20% of patients still die from progressive disease. Current prognostic models predict the outcome of treatment with imperfect accuracy, and clinically relevant biomarkers have not been established to improve on the International Prognostic Score. METHODS Using gene-expression profiling, we analyzed 130 frozen samples obtained from patients with classic Hodgkin's lymphoma during diagnostic lymph-node biopsy to determine which cellular signatures were correlated with treatment outcome. We confirmed our findings in an independent cohort of 166 patients, using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Gene-expression profiling identified a gene signature of tumor-associated macrophages that was significantly associated with primary treatment failure (P=0.02). In an independent cohort of patients, we found that an increased number of CD68+ macrophages was correlated with a shortened progression-free survival (P=0.03) and with an increased likelihood of relapse after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (P=0.008), resulting in shortened disease-specific survival (P=0.003). In multivariate analysis, this adverse prognostic factor outperformed the International Prognostic Score for disease-specific survival (P=0.003 vs. P=0.03). The absence of an elevated number of CD68+ cells in patients with limited-stage disease defined a subgroup of patients with a long-term disease-specific survival of 100% with the use of current treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS An increased number of tumor-associated macrophages was strongly associated with shortened survival in patients with classic Hodgkin's lymphoma and provides a new biomarker for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steidl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Camalier CE, Young MR, Bobe G, Perella CM, Colburn NH, Beck GR. Elevated phosphate activates N-ras and promotes cell transformation and skin tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:359-70. [PMID: 20145188 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent results suggest a paradigm shift from viewing inorganic phosphate as a passive requirement for basic cell functions to an active regulator of cell behavior. We have previously shown that elevated concentrations of phosphate increased cell proliferation and expression of protumorigenic genes such as Fra-1 and osteopontin in a preosteoblast cell line. Therefore, we hypothesized that elevated phosphate concentrations would promote cell transformation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. Supplementation of medium with phosphate increased anchorage-independent transformation and proliferation of BALB/c mouse JB6 epidermal cells, activation of N-ras, ERK1/2, and activator protein-1, and increased gene expression of Fra-1, COX-2, and osteopontin in a dose-dependent manner. These in vitro results led to the hypothesis that varying the levels of dietary inorganic phosphate would alter tumorigenesis in the mouse model of skin carcinogenesis. Female FVB/N mice were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and fed high- or low-phosphate diets (1.2% versus 0.2% of the diet) for 19 weeks. The high-phosphate diet increased skin papilloma number by approximately 50% without changing feed intake and body weights. High dietary phosphate increased serum concentrations of phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and osteopontin and decreased serum concentrations of calcium. Thus, we conclude that elevated phosphate promotes cell transformation and skin tumorigenesis partly by increasing the availability of phosphate for activation of N-ras and its downstream targets, which defines reducing dietary phosphate as a novel target for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Camalier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that the proliferation of human tumours is driven by a small proportion of cells, termed tumour stem cells, which have the properties of self-renewal. On analogy with stem cells for normal tissues, there are likely to be multiple mechanisms, involving both intrinsic cellular properties and microenvironmental factors, which enable tumour stem cells to resist potentially genotoxic agents. Intrinsic properties include maintenance of cells in a predominantly non-cycling state, expression of transport proteins such as P-glycoprotein, protection from induced apoptosis or other forms of cell death, and limitation of diffusion of potential cytotoxins from the bloodstream. In addition, tumour stem cells are likely to contain multiple genetic changes that will potentially activate host immune mechanisms, which are designed to respond to such changes, and the methods by which tumours suppress such mechanisms are of great relevance to drug resistance. A number of methods of overcoming intrinsic multidrug resistance of tumours have been developed but methods for overcoming tumour resistance mediated by host cells are still at an early stage and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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