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Suzuki T, Sakurai M, Suzuki H, Kawamura T. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Involved in the Protective Effect of Sivelestat Sodium Hydrate (ONO-5046) in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J NIPPON MED SCH 2023; 90:50-57. [PMID: 36908128 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2023_90-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative complications of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm include paraplegia due to impaired blood flow in the spinal cord. Sivelestat sodium hydrate (ONO-5046), a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, can prevent neuropathy after ischemia-reperfusion of the spinal cord; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined whether ONO-5046 elicits its protective effects in spinal cord ischemia by affecting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. METHODS Forty-five male Japanese white rabbits (weight 2.5-3.0 kg) were assigned to three groups: a sham control group (n = 5), and two other groups (n = 20, respectively; n = 5 each time point) that were subjected to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion for 15 min and administered saline or ONO-5046 intravenously. From 8 h to 7 d after resumption of blood flow, a neurological evaluation, histological evaluation of the spinal cord, and immunohistochemical evaluation based on the expression of GRP78 and caspase12 were performed. RESULTS Rabbits treated with ONO-5046 had fewer functional deficits and more surviving motor neurons after ischemia than did rabbits in the saline and control groups. In rabbits treated with ONO-5046, histological findings of the spinal cord showed a high number of viable motor nerves, whereas induction of GRP78, an ER stress response-related protein, was prolonged. Furthermore, caspase12 expression was activated by excessive ER stress and was downregulated in rabbits treated with ONO-5046, as compared with that in rabbits administered saline. CONCLUSIONS ONO-5046 exerts a protective effect on the spinal cord by relieving ER stress during spinal cord ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesia, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Sports Science, Health Care Center, Sendai University
| | - Hirotaka Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesia, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center
| | - Takae Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center
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Stone TW, Clanchy FIL, Huang YS, Chiang NY, Darlington LG, Williams RO. An integrated cytokine and kynurenine network as the basis of neuroimmune communication. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002004. [PMID: 36507331 PMCID: PMC9729788 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both groups regulate neuron and glial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and leukocyte function in the immune system, although neither group alone completely explains neuroimmune function, disease occurrence or severity. This essay suggests that the two families perform complementary functions generating an integrated network. The kynurenine pathway determines overall neuronal excitability and plasticity by modulating glutamate receptors and GPR35 activity across the CNS, and regulates general features of immune cell status, surveillance and tolerance which often involves the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). Equally, cytokines and chemokines define and regulate specific populations of neurons, glia or immune system leukocytes, generating more specific responses within restricted CNS regions or leukocyte populations. In addition, as there is a much larger variety of these compounds, their homing properties enable the superimposition of dynamic variations of cell activity upon local, spatially limited, cell populations. This would in principle allow the targeting of potential treatments to restricted regions of the CNS. The proposed synergistic interface of 'tonic' kynurenine pathway affecting baseline activity and the superimposed 'phasic' cytokine system would constitute an integrated network explaining some features of neuroimmune communication. The concept would broaden the scope for the development of new treatments for disorders involving both the CNS and immune systems, with safer and more effective agents targeted to specific CNS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Trevor W. Stone,
| | - Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nien-Yi Chiang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Zheng W, Liu B, Shi E. Perillaldehyde Alleviates Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Activating the Nrf2 Pathway. J Surg Res 2021; 268:308-317. [PMID: 34399353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) is one of the most destructive complications in thoracic-abdominal aortic surgery, which can cause physical abnormalities, paralysis and even brain death. Evidence has shown that perillaldehyde (PAH) can ameliorate rat's cerebra ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the effect of PAH on SCII remains unknown. METHODS The current study established SCII rat models and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced BV2 microglia models to explore whether PAH could alleviate SCII symptoms and to investigate underlying mechanism. RESULTS SCII rats underwent severe neurologic motor dysfunction and histopathologic injury compared with the normal rats, which are exhibited by loss of motor neurons and decrease of nissl bodies. Treatment with PAH significantly ameliorated motor dysfunction and neuron damage. PAH downregulated the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, cleaved/pro caspase-1, interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in spinal cord tissues of SCII rats. Besides, the contents of oxidative stress-related factors superoxide dismutase, manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased and malondialdehyde content was decreased after PAH treatment. PAH treatment upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in spinal cord tissues of SCII rats. Our in vitro study confirmed that PAH inhibited microglial activation by activating the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, exhibited by alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates that PAH has the potential value for treating SCII, which provides an experimental basis for clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyi Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Chen JY, Fu EJ, Patel PR, Hostetler AJ, Sawan HA, Moss KA, Hocevar SE, Anderson AJ, Chestek CA, Shea LD. Lentiviral Interleukin-10 Gene Therapy Preserves Fine Motor Circuitry and Function After a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Male and Female Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:503-514. [PMID: 33051853 PMCID: PMC8116384 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, spinal cord injuries often result in muscle paralysis through the apoptosis of lower motor neurons and denervation of neuromuscular junctions. Previous research shows that the inflammatory response to a spinal cord injury can cause additional tissue damage after the initial trauma. To modulate this inflammatory response, we delivered lentiviral anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, via loading onto an implantable biomaterial scaffold, into a left-sided hemisection at the C5 vertebra in mice. We hypothesized that improved behavioral outcomes associated with anti-inflammatory treatment are due to the sparing of fine motor circuit components. We examined behavioral recovery using a ladder beam, tissue sparing using histology, and electromyogram recordings using intraspinal optogenetic stimulation at 2 weeks post-injury. Ladder beam analysis shows interleukin-10 treatment results in significant improvement of behavioral recovery at 2 and 12 weeks post-injury when compared to mice treated with a control virus. Histology shows interleukin-10 results in greater numbers of lower motor neurons, axons, and muscle innervation at 2 weeks post-injury. Furthermore, electromyogram recordings suggest that interleukin-10-treated animals have signal-to-noise ratios and peak-to-peak amplitudes more similar to that of uninjured controls than to that of control injured animals at 2 weeks post-injury. These data show that gene therapy using anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 can significantly reduce tissue damage and subsequent motor deficits after a spinal cord injury. Together, these results suggest that early modulation of the injury response can preserve muscle function with long-lasting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emily J Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paras R Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexander J Hostetler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hasan A Sawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kayla A Moss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Hocevar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Robotics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Badner A, Vidal PM, Hong J, Hacker J, Fehlings MG. Endogenous Interleukin-10 Deficiency Exacerbates Vascular Pathology in Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2298-2307. [PMID: 30843463 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the majority of traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) take place at the cervical level, pre-clinical studies have been disproportionally focused on thoracic insults. With differences in anatomy, physiology, and immune response between spinal cord levels, there is evidence that injury pathophysiology may vary, requiring tailored treatment paradigms. Further, as only a few therapies have been successfully translated to the clinic, cervical models are increasingly recognized as essential for the characterization of trauma and therapy. Using a novel and clinically relevant cervical contusion-compression mouse model of bilateral incomplete injury, this study aimed to assess the role of interleukin10 (IL-10), a potent cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory effects, in SCI vascular pathology. While the effects of IL-10 loss have been previously evaluated, the vascular changes are poorly characterized. Here, using in vivo high-resolution ultrasound imaging, we demonstrate that IL-10 deficiency is associated with increased acute vascular damage. Importantly, the loss of endogenous IL-10 led to significant differences in the acute systemic response to SCI, specifically the circulating levels of IL-12 (p70), LIX (CXCL5), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 relative to genotype sham controls. These effects also fostered modest impairments in long-term functional recovery, assessed by the Basso Mouse Scale, as well as histological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Badner
- 1Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pia M Vidal
- 1Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hong
- 1Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Hacker
- 1Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- 1Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Protection from spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion damage with alpha-lipoic acid preconditioning in an animal model. TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2018; 26:138-145. [PMID: 32082723 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2018.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate whether preconditioning with alpha-lipoic acid has any protective effect in neuronal damage in an experimental spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Methods Eighteen adult male New Zealand rabbits (2.4-3.5 kg) were equally divided into sham, control and treatment groups. The abdominal aorta was occluded for 30 min proximally 1 cm below the renal artery and distally 1 cm above the bifurcation using aneurysm clips in control and treatment groups. Treatment group received intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg lipoic acid 20 min before aortic cross-clamping. The animals were sacrificed 48 hours after the operation and spinal cord segments between L2 and L5 were removed for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde, total nitrate/nitrite, advanced oxidation protein products, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were examined in spinal cord. Results Preconditioning with alpha-lipoic acid demonstrated significantly favorable effects in all measured parameters of oxidative stress. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues also demonstrated significantly decreased neuronal degeneration, axonal damage, and microglial and astrocytic infiltration in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that alpha-lipoic acid administration before aortic cross-clamping has significant neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury in rabbits.
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7
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Zhu Y, Liu Z, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Interleukin-10 inhibits neuroinflammation-mediated apoptosis of ventral mesencephalic neurons via JAK-STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:353-360. [PMID: 28753520 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Interleukin (IL)-10 is one of the most important and best anti-inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this report is to investigate whether IL-10 has any role in protecting ventral mesencephalic (VM) neurons in in vitro model of neuroinflammation. In this study, primary neuron-enriched culture was prepared from the VM tissues of E14 embryos of rats. The cells were pretreated with IL-10 (15 or 50ng/mL) for 1h followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50ng/mL) application. We found LPS induced neuronal apoptosis and loss while pretreatment with IL-10 reduced neuronal damage after exposure of LPS toxicity. Furthermore, signal transduction pathways related to IL-10 in VM neurons were studied in inflammatory condition. We used both shRNA and pharmacologic inhibition to determine the role of the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) and its downstream signaling pathways in LPS-induced VM neuronal toxicity. Silence of the IL-10R gene in VM neurons abolished IL-10 mediated protection and the properties of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis. IL-10 also induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in VM neurons. Pretreatment with the specific Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and blocked IL-10 mediated protection against LPS. These findings suggest that IL-10 provides neuroprotection by acting via IL-10R and its down-stream JAK-STAT3 signal pathways in VM neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Yu-Ping Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
| | - Yi-Hua Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
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Besecker EM, Deiter GM, Pironi N, Cooper TK, Holmes GM. Mesenteric vascular dysregulation and intestinal inflammation accompanies experimental spinal cord injury. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R146-R156. [PMID: 27834292 PMCID: PMC5283935 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00347.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cervical and high thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) drastically impairs autonomic nervous system function. Individuals with SCI at thoracic spinal level 5 (T5) or higher often present cardiovascular disorders that include resting systemic arterial hypotension. Gastrointestinal (GI) tissues are critically dependent upon adequate blood flow and even brief periods of visceral hypoxia triggers GI dysmotility. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that T3-SCI induces visceral hypoperfusion, diminished postprandial vascular reflexes, and concomitant visceral inflammation. We measured in vivo systemic arterial blood pressure and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and duodenal blood flow in anesthetized T3-SCI rats at 3 days and 3 wk postinjury either fasted or following enteral feeding of a liquid mixed-nutrient meal (Ensure). In separate cohorts of fasted T3-SCI rats, markers of intestinal inflammation were assayed by qRT-PCR. Our results show that T3-SCI rats displayed significantly reduced SMA blood flow under all experimental conditions (P < 0.05). Specifically, the anticipated elevation of SMA blood flow in response to duodenal nutrient infusion (postprandial hyperemia) was either delayed or absent after T3-SCI. The dysregulated SMA blood flow in acutely injured T3-SCI rats coincides with abnormal intestinal morphology and elevation of inflammatory markers, all of which resolve after 3 wk. Specifically, Icam1, Ccl2 (MCP-1), and Ccl3 (MIP-1α) were acutely elevated following T3-SCI. Our data suggest that arterial hypotension diminishes mesenteric blood flow necessary to meet mucosal demands at rest and during digestion. The resulting GI ischemia and low-grade inflammation may be an underlying pathology leading to GI dysfunction seen following acute T3-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Besecker
- Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Gina M Deiter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole Pironi
- Department of Biology, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;
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Dong Q, Sun L, Peng L, Yan B, Lv J, Wang G, Gong S. PMX53 protects spinal cord from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats in the short term. Spinal Cord 2015; 54:254-8. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koushki D, Latifi S, Norouzi Javidan A, Matin M. Efficacy of some non-conventional herbal medications (sulforaphane, tanshinone IIA, and tetramethylpyrazine) in inducing neuroprotection in comparison with interleukin-10 after spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis. J Spinal Cord Med 2015; 38:13-22. [PMID: 24969510 PMCID: PMC4293529 DOI: 10.1179/2045772314y.0000000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) may be responsible for further neural damages and therefore inhibition of inflammatory processes may exert a neuroprotection effect. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of some non-conventional herbal medications including sulforaphane, tanshinone IIA, and tetramethylpyrazine in reducing inflammation and compare them with a known effective anti-inflammatory agent (interleukin-10 (IL-10)). METHODS We searched relevant articles in Ovid database, Medline (PubMed) EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus up to June 2013. The efficacy of each treatment and study powers were compared using random effects model of meta-analysis. To our knowledge, no conflict of interest exists. RESULTS Eighteen articles entered into the study. The meta-analysis revealed that exogenous IL-10 was more effective in comparison with the mentioned herbal extracts. The proposed pathways for each medication's effect on reducing the inflammation process are complex and many overlaps may exist. CONCLUSION IL-10 has a strong effect in the induction of neuroprotection and neurorecovery after SCI by multiple pathways. Tetramethylpyrazine has an acceptable influence in reducing inflammation through the up-regulation of IL-10. Outcomes of sulforaphane and tanshinone IIA administration are acceptable but still weaker than IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Latifi
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence to: Sahar Latifi, Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Keshavarz Avenue, Tehran, Iran, PO Box: 6114185. or
| | - Abbas Norouzi Javidan
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Matin
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Anti-inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Effect of Interleukine-18 Binding Protein on the Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Inflammation 2014; 37:917-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Development and treatments of inflammatory cells and cytokines in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:701970. [PMID: 23956505 PMCID: PMC3728531 DOI: 10.1155/2013/701970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During aortic surgery, interruption of spinal cord blood flow might cause spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The incidence of spinal cord IRI after aortic surgery is up to 28%, and patients with spinal cord IRI might suffer from postoperative paraplegia or paraparesis. Spinal cord IRI includes two phases. The immediate spinal cord injury is related to acute ischemia. And the delayed spinal cord injury involves both ischemic cellular death and reperfusion injury. Inflammation is a subsequent event of spinal cord ischemia and possibly a major contributor to spinal cord IRI. However, the development of inflammatory mediators is incompletely demonstrated. And treatments available for inflammation in spinal cord IRI are insufficient. Improved understanding about spinal cord IRI and the development of inflammatory cells and cytokines in this process will provide novel therapeutic strategies for spinal cord IRI. Inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-1) may play an important role in spinal cord IRI. For treatment of several intractable autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), where inflammatory cytokines are involved in disease progression, anti-inflammatory cytokine antagonist is now available. Hence, there is great potential of anti-inflammatory cytokine antagonist for therapeutic use of spinal cord IRI. We here review the mediators and several possibilities of treatment in spinal cord IRI.
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Kale A, Börcek AÖ, Emmez H, Yildirim Z, Durdağ E, Lortlar N, Kurt G, Doğulu F, Kılıç N. Neuroprotective effects of gabapentin on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. J Neurosurg Spine 2011; 15:228-37. [DOI: 10.3171/2011.4.spine10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Extensive research has been focused on neuroprotection after spinal cord trauma to alleviate the effects of secondary injury. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of gabapentin in an experimental spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury.
Methods
Thirty-two adult male New Zealand white rabbits received spinal cord ischemic injury using the aortic occlusion model. Animals were divided into 4 groups (sham, control, low-dose, and high-dose treatment groups; 8 rabbits in each group). High (200 mg/kg) and low (30 mg/kg) doses of gabapentin were administered to the animals in the treatment groups after spinal cord ischemic injury. Neurological status of the animals, ultrastructural findings in injured tissue samples, and levels of tissue injury markers in these 2 groups were compared with findings in the animals that did not receive the ischemic procedure (sham-operated group) and those that received normal saline after administration of ischemia.
Results
Regarding levels of tissue injury marker levels after ischemic injury, animals in the gabapentin-treated groups demonstrated better results than animals in the other groups. The ultrastructural findings and caspase-3 activity were similar. The treatment groups demonstrated better results than the other groups.
Conclusions
Gabapentin demonstrated significant neuroprotection after early phases of ischemic injury. Further studies with different experimental settings including neurological outcome are required to achieve conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zuhal Yildirim
- 3Biochemistry, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Nedret Kılıç
- 3Biochemistry, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Fan L, Wang K, Shi Z, Die J, Wang C, Dang X. Tetramethylpyrazine protects spinal cord and reduces inflammation in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of α-lipoic acid on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010; 152:1591-600; discussion 1600-1. [PMID: 20535507 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-010-0703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radical oxygen species produced after injury counteracts antioxidant activity and frequently causes severe oxidative stress for the tissues. Alpha-lipoic acid is a powerful metabolic antioxidant with immunomodulatory effects which provides neuroprotection. The aim of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of alpha-lipoic acid on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Twenty-four adult, male, New Zealand rabbits were divided into sham (n = 8), control (n = 8), and treatment groups (n = 8). The abdominal aorta was clamped for 30 min by an aneurysm clip, approximately 1 cm below the renal artery and 1 cm above the iliac bifurcation in control and treatment groups. Only laparotomy was performed in the sham group. Twenty-five cubic centimeters of saline in control group and 100 mg/kg lipoic acid were administered intraperitoneally in the treatment group after closure of the incision. The animals were killed 48 h later. Spinal cord segments between L2 and S1 were harvested for analysis. Levels of nitric oxide, glutathione, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, and superoxide dismutase were analyzed as markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Caspase-3 activity was analyzed to detect the effect of lipoic acid on apoptosis. RESULTS In all measured parameters of oxidative stress, administration of lipoic acid significantly demonstrated favorable effects. Both plasma and tissue levels of nitric oxide, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products significantly changed in favor of antioxidant activity. There was no significant difference between the plasma superoxide dismutase levels of the groups. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues also demonstrated significant decrease in cellular degeneration and infiltration parameters after lipoic acid administration. However, lipoic acid has no effect on caspase-3 activity. CONCLUSIONS Although further studies considering different dose regimens and time intervals are required, the results of the present study prove that alpha-lipoic acid has favorable effects on experimental spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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