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Tartar T, Akdeniz I, Onalan E, Bakal U, Sarac M, Genc E, Kaymaz T, Kazez A. Investigation of VGLL3 and sub-target genes in the aetiology of paediatric acute appendicitis: a prospective case-control study. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:169. [PMID: 37029824 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vestigial like family member 3 (VGLL3) and its sub-target genes show considerable transcriptomic overlap in terms of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we investigated the role of VGLL3 rs13074432 polymorphism and its sub-target genes in the aetiology of acute appendicitis (AA). METHODS In this prospective case-control study, we included 250 patients (age, 0-18 years) who underwent appendectomy with the diagnosis of AA (patient group; blood and appendix tissue samples) and 200 healthy children (control group; only blood samples) without appendectomy. ELISA method was used for protein-level detection of VGLL3 and sub-target genes expression change in obtained tissue samples, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for mRNA level detection. Genotyping analyses were performed on DNA samples isolated from blood using TaqMan SNP genotyping test. RESULTS The frequency of TT variant genotype (p < 0.001) and T allele (p = 0.002) showed a significant decrease in the patient group compared with the control group. No significant correlation was observed between the expression of VGLL3 in the appendiceal tissue and patient clinical and demographic data (p > 0.050). CONCLUSION This study revealed that the VGLL3 gene and its sub-target genes are associated with AA aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugay Tartar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Akdeniz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23280, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ebru Onalan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Unal Bakal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sarac
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine, 02200, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ercan Genc
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Tugce Kaymaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kazez
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
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2
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Zhao L, Song W, Chen YG. Mesenchymal-epithelial interaction regulates gastrointestinal tract development in mouse embryos. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111053. [PMID: 35830795 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
After gut tube patterning in early embryos, the cellular and molecular changes of developing stomach and intestine remain largely unknown. Here, combining single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial RNA sequencing, we construct a spatiotemporal transcriptomic landscape of the mouse stomach and intestine during embryonic days E9.5-E15.5. Several subpopulations are identified, including Lox+ stomach mesenchyme, Aldh1a3+ small-intestinal mesenchyme, and Adamdec1+ large-intestinal mesenchyme. The regionalization and heterogeneity of both the epithelium and the mesenchyme can be traced back to E9.5. The spatiotemporal distributions of cell clusters and the mesenchymal-epithelial interaction analysis indicate that a coordinated development of the epithelium and mesenchyme contribute to the stomach regionalization, intestine segmentation, and villus formation. Using the gut tube-derived organoids, we find that the cell fate of the foregut and hindgut can be switched by the regional niche factors, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and retinoic acid (RA). This work lays a foundation for further dissection of the mechanisms governing this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzheng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanlu Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Mohammed MK, Zuckerbraun BS. NEDD4L Polymorphism and Acute Appendicitis and the Need for a Deeper Dive. JAMA Surg 2021; 156:923-924. [PMID: 34319352 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam K Mohammed
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian S Zuckerbraun
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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4
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Tran TQ, Kioussi C. Pitx genes in development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4921-4938. [PMID: 33844046 PMCID: PMC11073205 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox genes encode sequence-specific transcription factors (SSTFs) that recognize specific DNA sequences and regulate organogenesis in all eukaryotes. They are essential in specifying spatial and temporal cell identity and as a result, their mutations often cause severe developmental defects. Pitx genes belong to the PRD class of the highly evolutionary conserved homeobox genes in all animals. Vertebrates possess three Pitx paralogs, Pitx1, Pitx2, and Pitx3 while non-vertebrates have only one Pitx gene. The ancient role of regulating left-right (LR) asymmetry is conserved while new functions emerge to afford more complex body plan and functionalities. In mouse, Pitx1 regulates hindlimb tissue patterning and pituitary development. Pitx2 is essential for the development of the oral cavity and abdominal wall while regulates the formation and symmetry of other organs including pituitary, heart, gut, lung among others by controlling growth control genes upon activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Pitx3 is essential for lens development and migration and survival of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Pitx gene mutations are linked to various congenital defects and cancers in humans. Pitx gene family has the potential to offer a new approach in regenerative medicine and aid in identifying new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Q Tran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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5
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Orlova E, Yeh A, Shi M, Firek B, Ranganathan S, Whitcomb DC, Finegold DN, Ferrell RE, Barmada MM, Marazita ML, Hinds DA, Shaffer JR, Morowitz MJ. Genetic association and differential expression of PITX2 with acute appendicitis. Hum Genet 2019; 138:37-47. [PMID: 30392061 PMCID: PMC6514078 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Appendicitis affects 9% of Americans and is the most common diagnosis requiring hospitalization of both children and adults. We performed a genome-wide association study of self-reported appendectomy with 18,773 affected adults and 114,907 unaffected adults of European American ancestry. A significant association with appendectomy was observed at 4q25 near the gene PITX2 (rs2129979, p value = 8.82 × 10-14) and was replicated in an independent sample of Caucasians (59 affected, 607 unaffected; p value = 0.005). Meta-analysis of the associated variant across our two cohorts and cohorts from Iceland and the Netherlands (in which this association had previously been reported) showed strong cumulative evidence of association (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.09-1.14; p value = 1.81 × 10-23) and some evidence for effect heterogeneity (p value = 0.03). Eight other loci were identified at suggestive significance in the discovery GWAS. Associations were followed up by measuring gene expression across resected appendices with varying levels of inflammation (N = 75). We measured expression of 27 genes based on physical proximity to the GWAS signals, evidence of being targeted by eQTLs near the signals according to RegulomeDB (score = 1), or both. Four of the 27 genes (including PITX2) showed significant evidence (p values < 0.0033) of differential expression across categories of appendix inflammation. An additional ten genes showed nominal evidence (p value < 0.05) of differential expression, which, together with the significant genes, is more than expected by chance (p value = 6.6 × 10-12). PITX2 impacts morphological development of intestinal tissue, promotes an anti-oxidant response, and its expression correlates with levels of intestinal bacteria and colonic inflammation. Further studies of the role of PITX2 in appendicitis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Andrew Yeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Brian Firek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - David N Finegold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Robert E Ferrell
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Michael J Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Faculty Pavilion 7th Floor, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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Kristjansson RP, Benonisdottir S, Oddsson A, Galesloot TE, Thorleifsson G, Aben KK, Davidsson OB, Jonsson S, Arnadottir GA, Jensson BO, Walters GB, Sigurdsson JK, Sigurdsson S, Holm H, Arnar DO, Thorgeirsson G, Alexiusdottir K, Jonsdottir I, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kiemeney LA, Jonsson T, Gudbjartsson DF, Rafnar T, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Sequence variant at 4q25 near PITX2 associates with appendicitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3119. [PMID: 28596592 PMCID: PMC5465083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Appendicitis is one of the most common conditions requiring acute surgery and can pose a threat to the lives of affected individuals. We performed a genome-wide association study of appendicitis in 7,276 Icelandic and 1,139 Dutch cases and large groups of controls. In a combined analysis of the Icelandic and Dutch data, we detected a single signal represented by an intergenic variant rs2129979 [G] close to the gene PITX2 associating with increased risk of appendicitis (OR = 1.15, P = 1.8 × 10-11). We only observe the association in patients diagnosed in adulthood. The marker is close to, but distinct from, a set of markers reported to associate with atrial fibrillation, which have been linked to PITX2. PITX2 has been implicated in determination of right-left symmetry during development. Anomalies in organ arrangement have been linked to increased prevalence of gastrointestinal and intra-abdominal complications, which may explain the effect of rs2129979 on appendicitis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja K Aben
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, PO Box 19079, 3501 DB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- Department of Medicine, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristin Alexiusdottir
- Department of Medicine, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thorvaldur Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Surgery, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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7
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Multiple Enhancers Regulate Hoxd Genes and the Hotdog LncRNA during Cecum Budding. Cell Rep 2013; 5:137-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Alam DA, Sala FG, Baptista S, Galzote R, Danopoulos S, Tiozzo C, Gage P, Grikscheit T, Warburton D, Frey MR, Bellusci S. FGF9-Pitx2-FGF10 signaling controls cecal formation in mice. Dev Biol 2012; 369:340-8. [PMID: 22819677 PMCID: PMC3725282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling to the epithelium and mesenchyme mediated by FGF10 and FGF9, respectively, controls cecal formation during embryonic development. In particular, mesenchymal FGF10 signals to the epithelium via FGFR2b to induce epithelial cecal progenitor cell proliferation. Yet the precise upstream mechanisms controlling mesenchymal FGF10 signaling are unknown. Complete deletion of Fgf9 as well as of Pitx2, a gene encoding a homeobox transcription factor, both lead to cecal agenesis. Herein, we used mouse genetic approaches to determine the precise contribution of the epithelium and/or mesenchyme tissue compartments in this process. Using tissue compartment specific Fgf9 versus Pitx2 loss of function approaches in the gut epithelium and/or mesenchyme, we determined that FGF9 signals to the mesenchyme via Pitx2 to induce mesenchymal Fgf10 expression, which in turn leads to epithelial cecal bud formation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cecum/abnormalities
- Cecum/embryology
- Cecum/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/deficiency
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/deficiency
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mesoderm/embryology
- Mesoderm/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Pregnancy
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Homeobox Protein PITX2
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Al Alam
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Frederic G Sala
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Sheryl Baptista
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Rosanna Galzote
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Caterina Tiozzo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Philip Gage
- University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracy Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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9
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Vaze D, Hombalkar NN, Dhandore P. Gastroschisis with ceco-appendicular agenesis: a novel presentation. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2012; 52:182-3. [PMID: 22925221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2011.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastroschisis is associated with intestinal atresia and malrotation. A few cases have been reported of appendicular agenesis associated with gastroschisis. No previous case has been reported of cecal agenesis with gastroschisis in the literature. As cecal agenesis is a very rare anomaly, its concomitant presentation with gastroschisis is extremely rare. We report a case of gastroschisis associated with ceco-appendicular agenesis. The possible embryological explanation for the presentation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Vaze
- Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India.
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