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Rios BR, Barbosa S, da Silva WPP, Quirino Louzada MJ, Ervolino E, Kalil EC, Shibli JA, Faverani LP. Polydioxanone Enhances Bone Regeneration After Resection and Reconstruction of Rat Femur with rhBMP2. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:102-112. [PMID: 38271574 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the bone regeneration potential of a polydioxanone (PDO) scaffold together with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for the reconstruction of large bone defect. In total, 24 male rats (6 months old) were subjected to bilateral femoral stabilization using titanium plates to create a 2 mm gap, and reconstruction using rhBMP-2 (Infuse®; 3.25 μg). The bone defects were covered with PDO (PDO group), or with titanium mesh (Ti group). Animals were euthanized on days 14 and 60. Simultaneously, 16 rats received PDO and Ti in their dorsum for the purpose of biocompatibility analysis at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days postoperatively. X-ray densitometry showed a higher density in the PDO group on day 14. On day 60, coverage of the bone defect with PDO showed a larger quantity of newly formed bone than that found for the Ti group, a lower inflammatory infiltrate value, and a more significant number of blood vessels on day 14. By immunohistochemical assessment, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN) showed higher labeling on day 14 in the PDO group. On day 60, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) showed higher labeling in the PDO group, whereas Ti showed higher labeling for osteoprotegerin, nuclear factor kappa B ligand-activating receptor, RUNX2, and OCN. Furthermore, biocompatibility analysis showed a higher inflammatory response in the Ti group. The PDO scaffold enhanced bone regeneration when associated with rhBMP-2 in rat femur reconstruction. Impact statement Regeneration of segmental bone defects is a difficult task, and several techniques and materials have been used. Recent advances in the production of synthetic polymers, such as polydioxanone (PDO), produced by three-dimensional printing, have shown distinct characteristics that could improve tissue regeneration even in an important bone defect. The present preclinical study showed that PDO membranes used as scaffolds to carry recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) improved bone tissue regeneration by more than 8-fold when compared with titanium mesh, suggesting that PDO membranes could be a feasible and useful material for use in guided bone regeneration. (In English, viable is only used for living creatures capable of sustaining life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ribeiro Rios
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéfany Barbosa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Phillip Pereira da Silva
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson Ervolino
- Division of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Kalil
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Centro, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Centro, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Faverani
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Qin H, Weng J, Zhou B, Zhang W, Li G, Chen Y, Qi T, Zhu Y, Yu F, Zeng H. Magnesium Ions Promote In Vitro Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Angiogenesis Through Notch Signaling. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2823-2842. [PMID: 35870071 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects are often caused by trauma or surgery and can lead to delayed healing or even bone nonunion, thereby resulting in impaired function of the damaged site. Magnesium ions and related metallic materials play a crucial role in repairing bone defects, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we induced the angiogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with different concentrations of magnesium ions. The mechanism was investigated using γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) at different time points (7 and 14 days). Angiogenesis, differentiation, migration, and chemotaxis were detected using the tube formation assay, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay. Besides, we analyzed mRNA expression and the angiogenesis-related protein levels of genes by RT-qPCR and western blot. We discovered that compared with other concentrations, the 5 mM magnesium ion concentration was more conducive to forming tubes. Additionally, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif-1α) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) expression both increased (p < 0.05). After 7 and 14 days of induction, 5 mM magnesium ion group tube formation, migration, and chemotaxis were enhanced, and the expression of Notch pathway genes increased. Moreover, expression of the Notch target genes hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) and Hes5 (hairy and enhancer of split 5), as well as the angiogenesis-related genes Hif-1α and eNOS, were enhanced (p < 0.05). However, these trends did not occur when DAPT was applied. This indicates that 5 mM magnesium ion is the optimal concentration for promoting the angiogenesis and differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. By activating the Notch signaling pathway, magnesium ions up-regulate the downstream genes Hes1 and Hes5 and the angiogenesis-related genes Hif-1α and eNOS, thereby promoting the angiogenesis differentiation of BMSCs. Additionally, magnesium ion-induced differentiation enhances the migration and chemotaxis of BMSCs. Thus, we can conclude that magnesium ions and related metallic materials promote angiogenesis to repair bone defects. This provides the rationale for developing artificial magnesium-containing bone materials through tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Qin
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Jian Weng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Hand & Microsurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Weifei Zhang
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yuanchao Zhu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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Rosner M, Hengstschläger M. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:26-34. [PMID: 35641164 PMCID: PMC8895487 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is the hope of clinicians and patients alike that stem cell-based therapeutic products will increasingly become applicable remedies for many diseases and injuries. Whereas some multipotent stem cells are already routinely used in regenerative medicine, the efficacious and safe clinical translation of pluripotent stem cells is still hampered by their inherent immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. In addition, stem cells harbor the paracrine potential to affect the behavior of cells in their microenvironment. On the one hand, this property can mediate advantageous supportive effects on the overall therapeutic concept. However, in the last years, it became evident that both, multipotent and pluripotent stem cells, are capable of inducing adjacent cells to become motile. Not only in the context of tumor development but generally, deregulated mobilization and uncontrolled navigation of patient’s cells can have deleterious consequences for the therapeutic outcome. A more comprehensive understanding of this ubiquitous stem cell feature could allow its proper clinical handling and could thereby constitute an important building block for the further development of safe therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Rosner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author: Markus Hengstschläger, PhD, Professor, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel: +43 1 40160 56500; Fax: +43 1 40160 956501;
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Yang T, Zhao F, Zhou L, Liu J, Xu L, Dou Q, Xu Z, Jia R. Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in tissue-engineered bladders. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211001545. [PMID: 33868627 PMCID: PMC8020766 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a therapeutic tool for tissue engineering. However, many studies have recently shown that the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mediated by paracrine signaling and their secretory factors rather than their multidirectional differentiation ability. Exosomes isolated from the conditioned medium of MSCs are considered the main intercellular communication medium between MSCs and their target cells. Exosomes have been utilized in a novel cell-free therapy strategy that has attracted much attention. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a new cell-free tissue-engineered bladder (bladder acellular matrix combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (AMEs)) in vivo and in vitro to prove that AMEs promoted tissue regeneration and functional recovery in a rat bladder replacement model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luwei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanliang Dou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Menger MM, Laschke MW, Orth M, Pohlemann T, Menger MD, Histing T. Vascularization Strategies in the Prevention of Nonunion Formation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:107-132. [PMID: 32635857 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delayed healing and nonunion formation are major challenges in orthopedic surgery, which require the development of novel treatment strategies. Vascularization is considered one of the major prerequisites for successful bone healing, providing an adequate nutrient supply and allowing the infiltration of progenitor cells to the fracture site. Hence, during the last decade, a considerable number of studies have focused on the evaluation of vascularization strategies to prevent or to treat nonunion formation. These involve (1) biophysical applications, (2) systemic pharmacological interventions, and (3) tissue engineering, including sophisticated scaffold materials, local growth factor delivery systems, cell-based techniques, and surgical vascularization approaches. Accumulating evidence indicates that in nonunions, these strategies are indeed capable of improving the process of bone healing. The major challenge for the future will now be the translation of these strategies into clinical practice to make them accessible for the majority of patients. If this succeeds, these vascularization strategies may markedly reduce the incidence of nonunion formation. Impact statement Delayed healing and nonunion formation are a major clinical problem in orthopedic surgery. This review provides an overview of vascularization strategies for the prevention and treatment of nonunions. The successful translation of these strategies in clinical practice is of major importance to achieve adequate bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Menger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Orth
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Veronesi F, Martini L, Giavaresi G, Fini M. Bone regenerative medicine: metatarsus defects in sheep to evaluate new therapeutic strategies for human long bone defect. A systematic review. Injury 2020; 51:1457-1467. [PMID: 32430197 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large bone defects in long bone are not able to repair themselves and require grafts. Although autograft is the gold standard, it is associated with some disadvantages. Consequently, the application of tissue engineering (TE) techniques help with the use of allogenic biological and artificial scaffolds, cells and growth factors (GFs). Following 3Rs and in vitro testing strategies, animal models are required in preclinical in vivo studies to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the most promising TE techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was performed from 2000 to 2019 to evaluate bone regeneration sheep metatarsus defects. RESULTS Eleven in vivo studies on sheep metatarsus defect were retrieved. The mid-diaphysis of metatarsus was the region most employed to perform critical size defects. Natural, synthetic and hybrid scaffolds were implanted, combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), GFs such as osteogenic protein 1 (OP1) and platelet rich plasma (PRP). The maximum follow-up period was 4 and 6 months in which radiography, histology, histomorphometry, computed tomography (CT) and biomechanics were performed to evaluate the healing status. CONCLUSIONS the sheep metatarsus defect model seems to be a suitable environment with a good marriage of biological and biomechanical properties. Defects of 3 cm are treated with natural scaffolds (homologous graft or allografts), those of 2.5 cm with natural, synthetic or composite scaffolds, while little defects (0.5 × 0.5 cm) with composite scaffolds. No difference in results is found regardless of the defect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Gunderson ZJ, Campbell ZR, McKinley TO, Natoli RM, Kacena MA. A comprehensive review of mouse diaphyseal femur fracture models. Injury 2020; 51:1439-1447. [PMID: 32362447 PMCID: PMC7323889 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complications related to treatment of long bone fractures still stand as a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Elucidation of the mechanisms of bone healing and development, and the subsequent alteration of these mechanisms to improve outcomes, typically requires animal models as an intermediary between in vitro and human clinical studies. Murine models are some of the most commonly used in translational research, and mouse fracture models are particularly diverse, offering a wide variety of customization with distinct benefits and limitations depending on the study. This review critically examines three common femur fracture models in the mouse, namely cortical hole, 3-point fracture (Einhorn), and segmental bone defect. We lay out the general procedure for execution of each model, evaluate the practical implications and important advantages/disadvantages of each and describe recent innovations. Furthermore, we explore the applications that each model is best adapted for in the context of the current state of murine orthopaedic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Gunderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Zachery R. Campbell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Todd O. McKinley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Roman M. Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA,Corresponding Author: Melissa A. Kacena, Ph.D., Director of Basic and Translational Research, Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, (317) 278-3482 – office, (317) 278-9568 – fax
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Al-Qadhi G, Soliman M, Abou-Shady I, Rashed L. Gingival mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative source to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in regeneration of bone defects: In vivo study. Tissue Cell 2019; 63:101325. [PMID: 32223954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Healing of critical sized bone defects represents a challenging issue in clinical and research fields. Current therapeutic techniques, such as bone grafts or bone grafts substitutes, still have limitations and drawbacks. Therefore, stem cell-based therapy provides a prospective approach to enhance bone regeneration. The present study aimed to assess the regenerative capacity of Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) as well as Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) loaded on NanoBone scaffold, in comparison to the unloaded one, in surgically created bone defects in rabbits' tibiae. To achieve this aim, critical sized bone defects, of 6-mm diameter each, were unilaterally created in tibiae of adult New Zeeland male white rabbits (n = 27). The rabbits were then divided randomly into three groups (9 each) and received the following: Group I: Unloaded NanoBone Scaffold, Group II: GMSCs Loaded on NanoBone Scaffold, and Group III: BMSCs Loaded on NanoBone Scaffold. Three rabbits from each group were then sacrificed at each time point (2, 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively), tibiae were dissected out to evaluate bone healing in the created bony defects; both histologically and histomorphometrically. The findings of this study indicate that both GMSCs and BMSCs exhibited fibroblast morphology and expressed phenotypic MSCs markers. Histologically, local application of GMSCs and BMSCs loaded on NanoBone scaffold showed enhanced the pattern of bone regeneration as compared to the unloaded scaffold. Histomorphometrically, there was astatistically insignificant difference in the new bone area % between the bony defects treated with GMSCs and BMSCs. Thus, GMSCs can be considered as a comparable alternative source to BMSCs in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamilah Al-Qadhi
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Mathaf-El-Manial Street, 11553, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Malak Soliman
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Mathaf-El-Manial Street, 11553, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman Abou-Shady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Mathaf-El-Manial Street, 11553, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini, Cairo, Egypt
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attract Endothelial Progenitor Cells via a Positive Feedback Loop between CXCR2 and CXCR4. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4197164. [PMID: 31885605 PMCID: PMC6915119 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4197164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can attract host endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to promote vascularization in tissue-engineered constructs (TECs). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains vague. This study is aimed at investigating the roles of CXCR2 and CXCR4 in the EPC migration towards MSCs. In vitro, Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the migration of EPCs towards MSCs. Antagonists and shRNAs targeting CXCR2, CXCR4, and JAK/STAT3 were applied for the signaling blockade. Western blot and RT-PCR were conducted to analyze the molecular events in EPCs. In vivo, TECs were constructed and subcutaneously implanted into GFP+ transgenic mice. Signaling inhibitors were injected in an orientated manner into TECs. Recruitment of host CD34+ cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Eventually, we demonstrated that CXCR2 and CXCR4 were both highly expressed in migrated EPCs and indispensable for MSC-induced EPC migration. CXCR2 and CXCR4 strongly correlated with each other in the way that the expression of CXCR2 and CXCR2-mediated migration depends on the activity of CXCR4 and vice versa. Further studies documented that both of CXCR2 and CXCR4 activated STAT3 signaling, which in turn regulated the expression of CXCR2 and CXCR4, as well as cell migration. In summary, we firstly introduced a reciprocal crosstalk between CXCR2 and CXCR4 in the context of EPC migration. This feedback loop plays critical roles in the migration of EPCs towards MSCs.
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Bone Marrow-Derived CD44 + Cells Migrate to Tissue-Engineered Constructs via SDF-1/CXCR4-JNK Pathway and Aid Bone Repair. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1513526. [PMID: 31428156 PMCID: PMC6681616 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1513526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Host-derived cells play crucial roles in the regeneration process of tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) during the treatment of large segmental bone defects (LSBDs). However, their identity, source, and cell recruitment mechanisms remain elusive. Methods A complex model was created using mice by combining methods of GFP+ bone marrow transplantation (GFP-BMT), parabiosis (GFP+-BMT and wild-type mice), and femoral LSBD, followed by implantation of TECs or DBM scaffolds. Postoperatively, the migration of host BM cells was detected by animal imaging and immunofluorescent staining. Bone repair was evaluated by micro-CT. Signaling pathway repressors including AMD3100 and SP600125 associated with the migration of BM CD44+ cells were further investigated. In vitro, transwell migration and western-blotting assays were performed to verify the related signaling pathway. In vivo, the importance of the SDF-1/CXCR4-JNK pathway was validated by ELISA, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), immunofluorescent staining, and RT-PCR. Results First, we found that host cells recruited to facilitate TEC-mediated bone repair were derived from bone marrow and most of them express CD44, indicating the significance of CD44 in the migration of bone marrow cells towards donor MSCs. Then, the predominant roles of SDF-1/CXCR4 and downstream JNK in the migration of BM CD44+ cells towards TECs were demonstrated. Conclusion Together, we demonstrated that during bone repair promoted by TECs, BM-derived CD44+ cells were essential and their migration towards TECs could be regulated by the SDF-1/CXCR4-JNK signaling pathway.
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Kerzner B, Martin HL, Weiser M, Fontana G, Russell N, Murphy WL, Lund EA, Doro CJ. A Reliable and Reproducible Critical-Sized Segmental Femoral Defect Model in Rats Stabilized with a Custom External Fixator. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30958483 DOI: 10.3791/59206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic research relies heavily on animal models to study mechanisms of bone healing in vivo as well as investigate the new treatment techniques. Critical-sized segmental defects are challenging to treat clinically, and research efforts could benefit from a reliable, ambulatory small animal model of a segmental femoral defect. In this study, we present an optimized surgical protocol for the consistent and reproducible creation of a 5 mm critical diaphyseal defect in a rat femur stabilized with an external fixator. The diaphyseal ostectomy was performed using a custom jig to place 4 Kirschner wires bicortically, which were stabilized with an adapted external fixator device. An oscillating bone saw was used to create the defect. Either a collagen sponge alone or a collagen sponge soaked in rhBMP-2 was implanted into the defect, and the bone healing was monitored over 12 weeks using radiographs. After 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed, and histological analysis was performed on the excised control and treated femurs. Bone defects containing only collagen sponge resulted in non-union, while rhBMP-2 treatment yielded the formation of a periosteal callous and new bone remodeling. Animals recovered well after implantation, and external fixation proved successful in stabilizing the femoral defects over 12 weeks. This streamlined surgical model could be readily applied to study bone healing and test new orthopedic biomaterials and regenerative therapies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kerzner
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Hannah L Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Michael Weiser
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison;
| | - Nicholas Russell
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Christopher J Doro
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Zou L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Chen J, Zhang Q. Biomimetic mineralization on natural and synthetic polymers to prepare hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 178:222-229. [PMID: 30870789 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To mimic the mineral component and the microstructure of natural bone, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP)/polymer (natural and synthetic materials) composite scaffolds with micropore structures and good mechanical performance were prepared via the assistance of sonication and amidation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the biomimetic homogeneous formation of nHAP in the polymer matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the polymer matrix regulated the crystallization of nHAP. The integration of synthetic/natural polymers benefited nHAP crystallization in the polymer matrix and thus improved the mechanical performance of the chitosan (CS)/collagen (Col)/ poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/nHAP scaffolds. The in vitro bioactivity ability was investigated by incubating in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test, the acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Giemsa staining showed that the scaffolds had good biocompatibility and could maintain the cell growth. Therefore, the CS/Col/PLA/nHAP scaffold is promising for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zou
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yujue Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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13
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Dozza B, Salamanna F, Baleani M, Giavaresi G, Parrilli A, Zani L, Lucarelli E, Martini L, Fini M, Donati DM. Nonunion fracture healing: Evaluation of effectiveness of demineralized bone matrix and mesenchymal stem cells in a novel sheep bone nonunion model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1972-1985. [PMID: 30044550 DOI: 10.1002/term.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonunion treatment has a high rate of success, although recalcitrant nonunion may determine the need for amputation. Therefore, new treatment options are continuously investigated in order to further reduce the risk of nonunion recurrence. This study aimed to (a) develop a new large animal model for bone atrophic nonunion and (b) compare the efficacy of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and DBM in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the new nonunion model. The new model consists of a noncritical, full-thickness segmental defect created in the sheep tibia, stabilized by an intramedullary nail, and involves the creation of a locally impaired blood supply achieved through periosteum excision and electrocauterization of the stump ends. Six weeks after defect creation, lack of hard tissue callus and established nonunion was observed in all operated tibiae both by radiographic and clinical evaluation. Nonunion was treated with allogeneic DBM or autologous MSC cultivated on DBM particles (DBM + MSC) for 1 day before implantation. Twelve weeks after treatment, radiographic, microtomographic, histologic, and histomorphometric analysis showed the formation of bone callus in DBM group, whereas the fracture healing appeared at an early stage in DBM + MSC group. Torsional strength and stiffness of the DBM group appeared higher than those of DBM + MSC group, although the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, a new sheep bone nonunion model resembling the complexity of the clinical condition was developed. DBM is an effective option for nonunion treatment, whereas MSC do not improve the healing process when cultivated on DBM particles before implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dozza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Baleani
- Laboratory for Medical Technology, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Zani
- Laboratory for Medical Technology, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Bai Y, Liu C, Fu L, Gong X, Dou C, Cao Z, Quan H, Li J, Kang F, Dai J, Zhao C, Dong S. Mangiferin enhances endochondral ossification-based bone repair in massive bone defect by inducing autophagy through activating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. FASEB J 2018; 32:4573-4584. [PMID: 29547701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701411r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is crucial for bone formation in both adult bone repair process and embryo long-bone development. In endochondral ossification, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) first differentiate to chondrocytes, then BMSC-derived chondrocytes endure a hypertrophic process to generate new bone. Endochondral ossification-based bone repair is a promising strategy to cure massive bone defect, which is a major clinical issue in orthopedics. However, challenges still remain for this novel strategy. One challenge is to ensure the sufficient hypertrophic differentiation. Another is to maintain the survival of the above hypertrophic chondrocytes under the hypoxic environment of massive bone defect. To solve this issue, mangiferin (MAG) was introduced to endochondral ossification-based bone repair. In this report, we proved MAG to be a novel autophagy inducer, which promoted BMSC-derived hypertrophic chondrocyte survival against hypoxia-induced injury through inducing autophagy. Furthermore, MAG enhances hypertrophic differentiation of BMSC-derived chondrocytes via upregulating key hypertrophic markers. Mechanistically, MAG induced autophagy in BMSC-derived chondrocytes by promoting AMPKα phosphorylation. Additionally, MAG balanced the expression of sex-determining region Y-box 9 and runt-related transcription factor 2 to facilitate hypertrophic differentiation. These results indicated that MAG was a potential drug to improve the efficacy of endochondral ossification-based bone repair in massive bone defects.-Bai, Y., Liu, C., Fu, L., Gong, X., Dou, C., Cao, Z., Quan, H., Li, J., Kang, F., Dai, J., Zhao, C., Dong, S. Mangiferin enhances endochondral ossification-based bone repair in massive bone defect by inducing autophagy through activating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Trauma Orthopedics, Army General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Institute of Trauma Orthopedics, The 89th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Quan
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjin Dai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunrong Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Deng M, Luo K, Hou T, Luo F, Xie Z, Zhang Z, Yang A, Yu B, Yi S, Tan J, Dong S, Xu J. IGFBP3 deposited in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-secreted extracellular matrix promotes bone formation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5792-5804. [PMID: 29219174 PMCID: PMC6220941 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains rich biological cues for cell recruitment, proliferationm, and even differentiation. The osteoinductive potential of scaffolds could be enhanced through human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) directly depositing ECM on surface of scaffolds. However, the role and mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC)-secreted ECM in bone formation remain unknown. We tested the osteoinductive properties of a hUCMSC-secreted ECM construct (hUCMSC-ECM) in a large femur defect of a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. The hUCMSC-ECM improved the colonization of endogenous MSCs and bone regeneration, similar to the hUCMSC-seeded scaffold and superior to the scaffold substrate. Besides, the hUCMSC-ECM enhanced the promigratory molecular expressions of the homing cells, including CCR2 and TβRI. Furthermore, the hUCMSC-ECM increased the number of migrated MSCs by nearly 3.3 ± 0.1-fold, relative to the scaffold substrate. As the most abundant cytokine deposited in the hUCMSC-ECM, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) promoted hBMSC migration in the TβRI/II- and CCR2-dependent mechanisms. The hUCMSC-ECM integrating shRNA-mediated silencing of Igfbp3 that down-regulated IGFBP3 expression by approximately 60%, reduced the number of migrated hBMSCs by 47%. In vivo, the hUCMSC-ECM recruited 10-fold more endogenous MSCs to initiate bone formation compared to the scaffold substrate. The knock-down of Igfbp3 in the hUCMSC-ECM inhibited nearly 60% of MSC homing and bone regeneration capacity. This research demonstrates that IGFBP3 is an important MSC homing molecule and the therapeutic potential of hUCMSC-ECM in bone regeneration is enhanced by improving MSC homing in an IGFBP3-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyuan Deng
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keyu Luo
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyong Hou
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Yu
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoxuan Yi
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiulin Tan
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National and Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Li Z, Yang A, Yin X, Dong S, Luo F, Dou C, Lan X, Xie Z, Hou T, Xu J, Xing J. Mesenchymal stem cells promote endothelial progenitor cell migration, vascularization, and bone repair in tissue‐engineered constructs
via
activating CXCR2‐Src‐PKL/Vav2‐Rac1. FASEB J 2018; 32:2197-2211. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700895r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Li
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Department of SpineLanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (CPLA)LanzhouChina
| | - Aijun Yang
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Shiwu Dong
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceCollege of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fei Luo
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Ce Dou
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Xu Lan
- Department of SpineLanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (CPLA)LanzhouChina
| | - Zhao Xie
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Tianyong Hou
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Junchao Xing
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
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17
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Deng M, Mei T, Hou T, Luo K, Luo F, Yang A, Yu B, Pang H, Dong S, Xu J. TGFβ3 recruits endogenous mesenchymal stem cells to initiate bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:258. [PMID: 29126441 PMCID: PMC5681754 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recruitment of a sufficient number of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is the first stage of in-situ tissue regeneration. Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFβ3) could recruit stem or progenitor cells and endothelial cells to participate in tissue regeneration. However, the mechanism of TGFβ3 recruiting MSCs toward bone regeneration has remained obscure. Methods We estimated the promigratory property of TGFβ3 on human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) cocultured with the vascular cells (human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells) or not by Transwell assay. After the addition of the inhibitor (SB431542) or Smad3 siRNA, the levels of MCP1 and SDF1 in coculture medium were tested by ELISA kit, and then the migratory signaling pathway of hBMSCs induced by TGFβ3 was investigated by western blot analysis. In vivo, a 2-mm FVB/N mouse femur defect model was used to evaluate chemokine secretion, endogenous cell homing, and bone regeneration induced by scaffolds loading 1 μg TGFβ3 through qPCR, immunofluorescent staining, immunohistochemical analysis, and Micro-CT, compared to the vehicle group. Results TGFβ3 (25 ng/ml) directly showed a nearly 40% increase in migrated hBMSCs via the TGFβ signaling pathway, compared to the vehicle treatment. Then, in the coculture system of hBMSCs and vascular cells, TGFβ3 further upregulated nearly 3-fold MCP1 secretion from vascular cells in a Smad3-dependent manner, to indirectly enhance nearly more than 50% of migrated hBMSCs. In vivo, TGFβ3 delivery improved MCP1 expression by nearly 7.9-fold, recruited approximately 2.0-fold CD31+ vascular cells and 2.0-fold Sca-1+ PDGFR-α+ MSCs, and achieved 2.5-fold bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and 2.0-fold bone mineral density, relative to TGFβ3-free delivery. Conclusions TGFβ3, as a MSC homing molecule, recruited MSCs to initiate bone formation in the direct-dependent and indirect-dependent mechanisms. This may shed light on the improvement of MSC homing in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyuan Deng
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tieniu Mei
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyong Hou
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keyu Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Yu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Pang
- Department of Surgery, Fuzhou Mawei Naval Hospital, Fujian, China.
| | - Shiwu Dong
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Xing J, Mei T, Luo K, Li Z, Yang A, Li Z, Xie Z, Zhang Z, Dong S, Hou T, Xu J, Luo F. A nano-scaled and multi-layered recombinant fibronectin/cadherin chimera composite selectively concentrates osteogenesis-related cells and factors to aid bone repair. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:470-482. [PMID: 28193541 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Easily accessible and effective bone grafts are in urgent need in clinic. The selective cell retention (SCR) strategy, by which osteogenesis-related cells and factors are enriched from bone marrow into bio-scaffolds, holds great promise. However, the retention efficacy is limited by the relatively low densities of osteogenesis-related cells and factors in marrow; in addition, a lack of satisfactory surface modifiers for scaffolds further exacerbates the dilemma. To address this issue, a multi-layered construct consisting of a recombinant fibronectin/cadherin chimera was established via a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (LBL-rFN/CDH) and used to modify demineralised bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds. The modification was proven stable and effective. By the mechanisms of physical interception and more importantly, chemical recognition (fibronectin/integrins), the LBL-rFN/CDH modification significantly improved the retention efficacy and selectivity for osteogenesis-related cells, e.g., monocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and bioactive factors, e.g., bFGF, BMP-2 and SDF-1α. Moreover, the resulting composite (designated as DBM-LBL-rFN/CDH) not only exhibited a strong MSC-recruiting capacity after SCR, but also provided favourable microenvironments for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Eventually, bone repair was evidently improved. Collectively, DBM-LBL-rFN/CDH presented a suitable biomaterial for SCR and a promising solution for tremendous need for bone grafts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE There is an urgent need for effective bone grafts. With the potential of integrating osteogenicity, osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity, selective cell retention (SCR) technology brings hope for developing ideal grafts. However, it is constrained by low efficacy and selectivity. Thus, we modified demineralized bone matrix with nano-scaled and multi-layered recombinant fibronectin/cadherin chimera (DBM-rFN/CDH-LBL), and evaluate its effects on SCR and bone repair. DBM-rFN/CDH-LBL significantly improved the efficacy and selectivity of SCR via physical interception and chemical recognition. The post-enriched DBM-rFN/CDH-LBL provided favourable microenvironments to facilitate the migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, thus accelerating bone repair. Conclusively, DBM-rFN/CDH-LBL presents a novel biomaterial with advantages including high cost-effectiveness, more convenience for storage and transport and can be rapidly constructed intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Tieniu Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Keyu Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Spine, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyong Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
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Manassero M, Decambron A, Huu Thong BT, Viateau V, Bensidhoum M, Petite H. Establishment of a Segmental Femoral Critical-size Defect Model in Mice Stabilized by Plate Osteosynthesis. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768070 PMCID: PMC5092194 DOI: 10.3791/52940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of tissue-engineered bone constructs is an appealing strategy to overcome drawbacks of autografts for the treatment of massive bone defects. As a model organism, the mouse has already been widely used in bone-related research. Large diaphyseal bone defect models in mice, however, are sparse and often use bone fixation which fills the bone marrow cavity and does not provide optimal mechanical stability. The objectives of the current study were to develop a critical-size, segmental, femoral defect in nude mice. A 3.5-mm mid-diaphyseal femoral ostectomy (approximately 25% of the femur length) was performed using a dedicated jig, and was stabilized with an anterior located locking plate and 4 locking screws. The bone defect was subsequently either left empty or filled with a bone substitute (syngenic bone graft or coralline scaffold). Bone healing was monitored noninvasively using radiography and in vivo micro-computed-tomography and was subsequently assessed by ex vivo micro-computed-tomography and undecalcified histology after animal sacrifice, 10 weeks postoperatively. The recovery of all mice was excellent, a full-weight-bearing was observed within one day following the surgical procedure. Furthermore, stable bone fixation and consistent fixation of the implanted materials were achieved in all animals tested throughout the study. When the bone defects were left empty, non-union was consistently obtained. In contrast, when the bone defects were filled with syngenic bone grafts, bone union was always observed. When the bone defects were filled with coralline scaffolds, newly-formed bone was observed in the interface between bone resection edges and the scaffold, as well as within a short distance within the scaffold. The present model describes a reproducible critical-size femoral defect stabilized by plate osteosynthesis with low morbidity in mice. The new load-bearing segmental bone defect model could be useful for studying the underlying mechanisms in bone regeneration pertinent to orthopaedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Manassero
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est
| | - Adeline Decambron
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est
| | - Bui Truong Huu Thong
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot
| | - Véronique Viateau
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot
| | - Hervé Petite
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot;
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Yoshizawa S, Chaya A, Verdelis K, Bilodeau EA, Sfeir C. An in vivo model to assess magnesium alloys and their biological effect on human bone marrow stromal cells. Acta Biomater 2015; 28:234-239. [PMID: 26318803 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have many unique qualities which make them ideal candidates for bone fixation devices, including biocompatibility and degradation in vivo. Despite a rise in Mg alloy production and research, there remains no standardized system to assess their degradation or biological effect on human stem cells in vivo. In this study, we developed a novel in vivo model to assess Mg alloys for craniofacial and orthopedic applications. Our model consists of a collagen sponge seeded with human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) around a central Mg alloy rod. These scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in mice and analyzed after eight weeks. Alloy degradation and biological effect were determined by microcomputed tomography (microCT), histological staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). MicroCT showed greater volume loss for pure Mg compared to AZ31 after eight weeks in vivo. Histological analysis showed that hBMSCs were retained around the Mg implants after 8 weeks. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed the expression of dentin matrix protein 1 and osteopontin around both pure Mg and AZ31 with implanted hBMSCs. In addition, histological sections showed a thin mineral layer around all degrading alloys at the alloy-tissue interface. In conclusion, our data show that degrading pure Mg and AZ31 implants are cytocompatible and do not inhibit the osteogenic property of hBMSCs in vivo. These results demonstrate that this model can be used to efficiently assess the biological effect of corroding Mg alloys in vivo. Importantly, this model may be modified to accommodate additional cell types and clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Magnesium (Mg) alloys have been investigated as ideal candidates for bone fixation devices due to high biocompatibility and degradation in vivo, and there is a growing need of establishing an efficient in vivo material screening system. In this study, we assessed degradation rate and biological effect of Mg alloys by transplanting Mg alloy rod with human bone marrow stromal cells seeded on collagen sponge subcutaneously in mice. After 8 weeks, samples were analyzed by microcomputed tomography and histological staining. Our data show that degrading Mg alloys are cytocompatible and do not inhibit the osteogenic property of hBMSCs in vivo. These results demonstrate that this model can be used to efficiently assess the biological effect of corroding Mg alloys in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Yoshizawa
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Chaya
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kostas Verdelis
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bilodeau
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles Sfeir
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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